CN102637370B - Stall detection system based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents

Stall detection system based on wireless sensor network Download PDF

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CN102637370B
CN102637370B CN201210118884.1A CN201210118884A CN102637370B CN 102637370 B CN102637370 B CN 102637370B CN 201210118884 A CN201210118884 A CN 201210118884A CN 102637370 B CN102637370 B CN 102637370B
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parking space
parking stall
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CN102637370A (en
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张足生
于峰崎
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Abstract

一种基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统,用于在停车区域内探测车位使用状态,其特征在于,包括:分布于停车区域内且与车位数量相应的车位探测节点,在车位状态发生改变时向上位机发送车位状态数据。上述基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统,由于只在车位状态发生改变的时候才向上位机发送数据,因此在不发送数据时,车位探测节点处于待机状态,因此,采用能够间歇处于待机状态的车位探测节点,节省能源。基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统采用无线传感器网络实现数据传输,因此只需要对传输的无线网络进行控制就能够实现对系统的维护。

A parking space detection system based on a wireless sensor network, which is used to detect the use status of parking spaces in a parking area, is characterized in that it includes: parking space detection nodes distributed in the parking area and corresponding to the number of parking spaces, when the state of the parking spaces changes The position computer sends the parking space status data. The above-mentioned parking space detection system based on wireless sensor network only sends data to the upper computer when the state of the parking space changes, so when the data is not sent, the parking space detection node is in the standby state. Therefore, the parking space that can be in the standby state intermittently is used Probe nodes, save energy. The parking space detection system based on wireless sensor network uses wireless sensor network to realize data transmission, so it only needs to control the wireless network for transmission to realize the maintenance of the system.

Description

基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统Parking space detection system based on wireless sensor network

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及车位探测系统,特别是涉及基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统。The invention relates to a parking space detection system, in particular to a parking space detection system based on a wireless sensor network.

背景技术 Background technique

随着我国经济的快速发展,城市发展突飞猛进人们对城市生活的向往也越来越强,所以越来越多的人逐渐向城市聚拢。由于人们生活水平的不断提高,汽车消费也成为人们消费的热点,人均汽车拥有量也越来越大。城市土地面积有限,人均土地不足,城市规划相对滞后,停车缺乏统一管理调度、停车信息不够公开、停车不够智能化。With the rapid development of my country's economy, urban development is advancing by leaps and bounds. People's yearning for urban life is getting stronger and stronger, so more and more people are gradually gathering in cities. Due to the continuous improvement of people's living standards, car consumption has also become a hot spot for people's consumption, and the per capita car ownership is also increasing. The urban land area is limited, the per capita land is insufficient, the urban planning is relatively lagging behind, the parking lacks unified management and scheduling, the parking information is not public enough, and the parking is not intelligent enough.

所以从以上问题可以看出对于我国这个人口众多人均土地严重不足的国家来说,城市交通拥堵、停车难、行车难等问题日益突出。现有的车位探测系统大都采用有线布设的方式,带来运营维护成本较高、能源需求高等问题从而也限制了其推广应用。Therefore, it can be seen from the above problems that for my country, a country with a large population and a serious shortage of land per capita, problems such as urban traffic congestion, parking difficulties, and driving difficulties are becoming increasingly prominent. Most of the existing parking space detection systems are wired, which brings problems such as high operation and maintenance costs and high energy demand, which also limits their popularization and application.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

基于此,提供一种维护简单、节能的基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统。Based on this, a wireless sensor network-based parking space detection system with simple maintenance and energy saving is provided.

一种基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统,用于在停车区域内探测车位使用状态,包括:分布于停车区域内且与车位数量相应的车位探测节点,在车位状态发生改变时向上位机发送车位状态数据。A parking space detection system based on a wireless sensor network, which is used to detect the use status of parking spaces in a parking area, including: parking space detection nodes distributed in the parking area and corresponding to the number of parking spaces, sending a parking space to the upper computer when the state of the parking space changes status data.

在其中一个实施例中,所述车位探测系统还包括设于所述车位探测节点上,用于控制车位探测节点的工作状态与待机状态的转换的节点控制器。In one of the embodiments, the parking space detection system further includes a node controller disposed on the parking space detection node and used to control the switching between the working state and the standby state of the parking space detection node.

在其中一个实施例中,所述节点控制器为强磁设备,所述强磁设备贴附于车位探测节点上方。In one embodiment, the node controller is a strong magnetic device, and the strong magnetic device is attached above the parking space detection node.

在其中一个实施例中,所述节点控制器输出具有最大值和最小值的信号,以分别控制所述车位探测节点进入待机状态和工作状态。In one embodiment, the node controller outputs signals with a maximum value and a minimum value, so as to respectively control the parking space detection node to enter a standby state and a working state.

在其中一个实施例中,所述车位探测节点采用自适应采样机制,具体为:In one of the embodiments, the parking space detection node adopts an adaptive sampling mechanism, specifically:

所述车位探测节点在探测到磁信号变化超过阈值时,则采样周期设为第一采样周期T2When the parking space detection node detects that the magnetic signal change exceeds the threshold, the sampling period is set to the first sampling period T 2 ;

所述车位探测节点在探测到磁信号变化不大于阈值时,则采样周期设为第二采样周期T1,其中T1和T2均为预设的采样周期,且T1数倍于T2When the parking spot detection node detects that the change of the magnetic signal is not greater than the threshold value, the sampling period is set to the second sampling period T 1 , wherein both T 1 and T 2 are preset sampling periods, and T 1 is several times longer than T 2 .

在其中一个实施例中,还包括用于网络通信的路由节点和网关节点,所述车位探测节点通过所述路由节点和所述网关节点向上位机发送车位状态数据;所述车位探测节点至少与两个以上的路由节点连接,所述路由节点与所述网关节点点对点连接,所述网关节点到所述车位探测节点的下行数据传输采用洪泛。In one of the embodiments, it also includes a routing node and a gateway node for network communication, and the parking space detection node sends the parking space state data to the upper computer through the routing node and the gateway node; the parking space detection node is at least connected with More than two routing nodes are connected, and the routing nodes are connected point-to-point with the gateway node, and the downlink data transmission from the gateway node to the parking space detection node adopts flooding.

在其中一个实施例中,所述车位探测节点采用确认重传机制把数据传输给一跳范围内的多个路由节点。In one of the embodiments, the parking space detection node transmits data to multiple routing nodes within a hop range by using an acknowledgment retransmission mechanism.

在其中一个实施例中,所述路由节点收到所述车位探测节点传输的车位状态数据时,通过逐跳确认机制将车位状态数据传输给网关节点。In one of the embodiments, when the routing node receives the parking space status data transmitted by the parking space detection node, it transmits the parking space status data to the gateway node through a hop-by-hop confirmation mechanism.

在其中一个实施例中,所述网关节点、路由节点定时休眠和唤醒。In one of the embodiments, the gateway node and the routing node sleep and wake up regularly.

在其中一个实施例中,其特征在于,所述路由节点设有为路由器供电的太阳能电池模块。In one of the embodiments, it is characterized in that the routing node is provided with a solar cell module for powering the router.

上述基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统,由于只在车位状态发生改变的时候才向上位机发送数据,因此在不发送数据时,车位探测节点处于待机状态,因此,采用能够间歇处于待机状态的车位探测节点,节省能源。基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统采用无线传感器网络实现数据传输,因此只需要对传输的无线网络进行控制就能够实现对系统的维护。The above-mentioned parking space detection system based on wireless sensor network only sends data to the upper computer when the state of the parking space changes, so when the data is not sent, the parking space detection node is in the standby state. Therefore, the parking space that can be in the standby state intermittently is used Probe nodes, save energy. The parking space detection system based on wireless sensor network uses wireless sensor network to realize data transmission, so it only needs to control the wireless network for transmission to realize the maintenance of the system.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a parking space detection system based on a wireless sensor network;

图2为车位探测节点与上位机的通信示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the communication between the parking space detection node and the host computer.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1所示,为基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统的结构示意图。基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统用于在停车区域内探测车位使用状态,包括:分布于停车区域内且与车位数量相应的车位探测节点20,在车位状态发生改变时向上位机发送车位状态数据。As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic structural diagram of a parking space detection system based on a wireless sensor network. The parking space detection system based on the wireless sensor network is used to detect the use status of the parking spaces in the parking area, including: the parking space detection nodes 20 distributed in the parking area and corresponding to the number of parking spaces, and sending the parking space status data to the host computer when the parking space status changes .

车位探测节点20动态传输采样数据,车位探测节点20在探测到车位状态由无车变为有车或者由有车变为无车时,向上位机发送车位状态数据。车位探测节点20并不实时传输探测数据,而是把探测数据在本地处理,计算出有车或无车的状态信息。例如,当车位状态由无车变为有车时,车位探测节点则向上位机发送此时车位状态为有车,上位机记录停车时间,当这个车位的车辆离开,车位探测节点20则向上位机发送此时车位状态为无车,上位机记录离开时间,根据停车时间和离开时间,上位机能够显示车库内的车位状态信息,做到动态更新,而不是车位探测节点20一直采样及传输,使上位机处于不停更新的状态,从而能够使上位机和车位探测节点20的处理量减小,节约能源。The parking space detection node 20 dynamically transmits sampling data. When the parking space detection node 20 detects that the state of the parking space changes from no car to car or from car to no car, the parking space status data is sent to the upper computer. The parking space detection node 20 does not transmit the detection data in real time, but processes the detection data locally to calculate the state information of whether there is a car or no car. For example, when the status of the parking space changes from no car to having a car, the parking space detection node 20 sends to the host computer that the status of the parking space is a car, and the host computer records the parking time. At this time, the status of the parking space is no car, and the host computer records the departure time. According to the parking time and departure time, the host computer can display the status information of the parking space in the garage, so as to achieve dynamic update, instead of sampling and transmitting the parking space detection node 20 all the time. Keeping the upper computer in a state of continuous updating, so that the processing capacity of the upper computer and the parking space detection node 20 can be reduced and energy can be saved.

车位探测节点20在动态传输采样数据过程中的周期是变化的,具体为,设阈值为CT,当车位探测节点20在探测到磁信号变化超过阈值CT时,则采样周期设为第一采样周期T2。当车位探测节点20在探测到磁信号变化不大于阈值CT时,则采样周期设为第二采样周期T1。其中T1和T2均为预设的采样周期,且T1大于T2。一般情况下车位探测节点的采样周期为T1,T1为一个较长的时间段,通常设置为3到10秒之间。而当探测到磁信号变化超过阈值CT时,则缩短采样周期T1至T2,T2通常设置为0.1到0.5秒之间,以T2为采样周期持续一段时间后,车位探测节点20检测磁信号变化情况,若不超过阈值CT,则设定采样周期为T1,若超过阈值CT,则设定采样周期为T2The cycle of the parking space detection node 20 in the process of dynamic transmission of sampling data is variable. Specifically, the threshold value is set to C T . Sampling period T 2 . When the parking space detection node 20 detects that the change of the magnetic signal is not greater than the threshold C T , the sampling period is set as the second sampling period T 1 . Both T 1 and T 2 are preset sampling periods, and T 1 is greater than T 2 . Generally, the sampling period of the parking space detection node is T 1 , and T 1 is a relatively long period of time, usually set between 3 and 10 seconds. And when it is detected that the change of the magnetic signal exceeds the threshold C T , the sampling period T1 to T2 is shortened, and T2 is usually set between 0.1 and 0.5 seconds. After a period of time with T2 as the sampling period, the parking space detection node 20 To detect the change of the magnetic signal, if the threshold value C T is not exceeded, the sampling period is set as T 1 , and if the threshold value C T is exceeded, the sampling period is set as T 2 .

在本实施例中,设采样值Si,根据下述公式计算基准值Bi,其中α为平滑参数,可以设置为0.05。In this embodiment, assuming the sampling value S i , the reference value B i is calculated according to the following formula, where α is a smoothing parameter, which can be set to 0.05.

BB ii == SS ii ii == 11 BB ii -- 11 ×× (( 11 -- αα )) ++ SS ii ×× αα ii >> 11

设阈值为CT,当|Si-Bi |<=CT的情况下,设车位探测节点的采样周期设为T1,T1为一个较长的时间段,通常可设置为3到10秒之间。当探测到磁信号变化超过阈值CT时,即|Si-Bi|>CT,则车位探测节点缩短采样周期设置为T2,T2通常可设置为0.1到0.5秒之间,以T2为采样周期持续一段时间T后,再检查磁信号变化情况,如果变化没有超过阈值CT,则设定采样周期为T1Set the threshold as C T , and when |S i -B i |<=C T , set the sampling period of the parking spot detection node as T 1 , and T 1 is a longer period of time, which can usually be set to 3 to between 10 seconds. When it is detected that the change of the magnetic signal exceeds the threshold C T , that is, |S i -B i |>C T , the parking space detection node shortens the sampling period and sets it to T 2 , and T 2 can usually be set between 0.1 and 0.5 seconds to T 2 is the sampling period that lasts for a period of time T, and then check the change of the magnetic signal. If the change does not exceed the threshold C T , set the sampling period as T 1 .

在本实施例中,车位探测系统还包括设于车位探测节点20上,用于控制车位探测节点20的工作状态与待机状态的转换的节点控制器10。节点控制器10输出具有最大值和最小值的信号,以分别控制车位探测节点20进入待机状态和工作状态。In this embodiment, the parking space detection system further includes a node controller 10 disposed on the parking space detection node 20 for controlling the switching between the working state and the standby state of the parking space detection node 20 . The node controller 10 outputs signals with a maximum value and a minimum value to respectively control the parking space detection node 20 to enter a standby state and a working state.

具体地,节点控制器10为强磁设备,强磁设备贴附于车位探测节点20上方。强磁设备探测的信号的值为最大值和最小值交替出现时,控制车位探测节点20执行待机状态和工作状态的相互转换。一般情况下,最小值为0,最大值为4096,当强磁设备探测信号的值为0或者4096,且0和4096交替重复出现,则强磁设备会控制车位探测节点20直线待机状态和工作状态的相互转换。Specifically, the node controller 10 is a strong magnetic device, and the strong magnetic device is attached above the parking space detection node 20 . When the value of the signal detected by the strong magnetic device alternates between the maximum value and the minimum value, the parking space detection node 20 is controlled to switch between the standby state and the working state. Under normal circumstances, the minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 4096. When the detection signal value of the strong magnetic device is 0 or 4096, and 0 and 4096 appear alternately, the strong magnetic device will control the parking space detection node 20 to be in a straight line standby state and work. State transitions.

如图2所示,为车位探测节点与上位机的通信示意图。车位探测节点20通过路由节点30和网关节点40向上位机发送车位状态数据。车位探测节点20至少与两个以上的路由节点30连接,路由节点30与网关节点40点对点连接,网关节点40到车位探测节点20的下行数据传输采用洪泛。As shown in Figure 2, it is a schematic diagram of the communication between the parking space detection node and the host computer. The parking space detection node 20 sends the parking space status data to the upper computer through the routing node 30 and the gateway node 40 . The parking space detection node 20 is connected to at least two routing nodes 30, and the routing node 30 is connected point-to-point with the gateway node 40, and the downlink data transmission from the gateway node 40 to the parking space detection node 20 adopts flooding.

路由节点30收到车位探测节点20传输的车位状态数据时,通过逐跳确认机制将车位状态数据传输给网关节点40。When the routing node 30 receives the parking space status data transmitted by the parking space detection node 20, it transmits the parking space status data to the gateway node 40 through a hop-by-hop confirmation mechanism.

车位探测节点20采用确认重传机制把数据传输给一跳范围内的多个路由节点30。车位探测节点20可以与邻居范围内的多个路由节点进行通信,通过这种冗余传输的机制来加强车位探测节点20与网关节点40的上行数据传输的可靠性。车位探测节点20采用确认重传机制把数据传输给一跳范围内的多个路由节点30,通常从路由表中选择通信质量最好的1~3个路由节点30。路由节点30与网关节点40之间组成树状网,每一个数据包的路由节点都把数据通过逐跳确认机制传递给网关节点40,如果网关节点40收到重复的数据包则忽略掉。The parking space detection node 20 transmits data to multiple routing nodes 30 within a hop range by using an acknowledgment retransmission mechanism. The parking space detection node 20 can communicate with multiple routing nodes within the neighbor range, and the reliability of uplink data transmission between the parking space detection node 20 and the gateway node 40 is enhanced through this redundant transmission mechanism. The parking spot detection node 20 transmits data to multiple routing nodes 30 within one hop using the confirmation retransmission mechanism, and usually selects 1 to 3 routing nodes 30 with the best communication quality from the routing table. A tree network is formed between the routing node 30 and the gateway node 40. The routing node of each data packet transmits the data to the gateway node 40 through the hop-by-hop confirmation mechanism. If the gateway node 40 receives duplicate data packets, it ignores them.

网关节点40到车位探测节点20的下行数据传输可采用洪泛。网关节点40与路由节点30之间采用洪泛路由进行数据传输,所有路由节点30必须在60秒内保存指令信息,车位探测节点20采用了休眠机制,不能实时接收路由节点30传来的数据,车位探测节点20设置为以20秒的周期向路由节点30获取指令信息。The downlink data transmission from the gateway node 40 to the parking space detection node 20 may use flooding. Flood routing is used for data transmission between gateway node 40 and routing node 30. All routing nodes 30 must save instruction information within 60 seconds. Parking space detection node 20 adopts a sleep mechanism and cannot receive data from routing node 30 in real time. The parking space detection node 20 is configured to obtain instruction information from the routing node 30 at a period of 20 seconds.

上位机控制网关节点40、路由节点30的定时休眠和唤醒。因此,车位探测节点20和路由节点30可以使用指令控制定时休眠和唤醒。指令格式为:Tsleep、Twakeup。例如,网关节点40下发的睡眠指令为(1min,480min),当网络中的车位探测节点20和路由节点30收到该指令,将在1分钟后进行睡眠,并在睡眠480分钟后醒来。车位探测节点20和路由节点30在睡眠之前需要保存变量和各种配置参数取值,比如阈值、车位状态、采用周期及序列号等等,把这些参数的取值都保存在非易失性存储器中,这些参数的取值需要在车位探测节点20和路由节点30唤醒之前进行恢复。The host computer controls the timing sleep and wake-up of the gateway node 40 and the routing node 30 . Therefore, the parking space detection node 20 and the routing node 30 can use instructions to control timing sleep and wake-up. The command format is: T sleep , T wakeup . For example, the sleep instruction issued by the gateway node 40 is (1min, 480min), when the parking space detection node 20 and the routing node 30 in the network receive the instruction, they will go to sleep after 1 minute, and wake up after sleeping for 480 minutes . The parking space detection node 20 and the routing node 30 need to save variables and various configuration parameter values before going to sleep, such as threshold value, parking space status, adoption cycle and serial number, etc., and store the values of these parameters in non-volatile memory Among them, the values of these parameters need to be recovered before the parking space detection node 20 and the routing node 30 wake up.

上述所有实施例中的路由节点30设有为路由节点供电的太阳能电池模块。The routing node 30 in all the above embodiments is provided with a solar battery module for powering the routing node.

在本实施例中,车位探测节点20部署到车位以前处于待机状态。In this embodiment, the parking space detection node 20 is in a standby state before being deployed to a parking space.

上述基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统,采用强磁设备控制车位探测节点的工作状态,能够使车位探测节点间歇的处于待机状态,节省能源。而车位探测节点采用自适应采样机制,同样可以减少车位探测节点的工作量,从而达到节能的目的。基于无线传感器网络的车位探测系统采用无线传感器网络实现数据传输,因此只需要对传输的无线网络进行控制就能够实现对系统的维护。The above-mentioned parking space detection system based on the wireless sensor network uses a strong magnetic device to control the working state of the parking space detection node, which can make the parking space detection node intermittently in the standby state and save energy. The parking space detection node adopts an adaptive sampling mechanism, which can also reduce the workload of the parking space detection node, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving. The parking space detection system based on wireless sensor network uses wireless sensor network to realize data transmission, so it only needs to control the wireless network for transmission to realize the maintenance of the system.

以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. the parking place detecting system based on wireless sensor network, for unloading lot detection using state in parking area, it is characterized in that, comprise: be distributed in parking stall probe node in parking area and corresponding to parking stall quantity, send parking space state data when parking space state changes to host computer; Parking stall probe node dynamic transmission sampled data, parking stall probe node has car or from when having car to become without car from becoming without car detecting parking space state, parking space state data are sent to host computer, parking stall probe node is real-time Transmission detection data not, but detection data at processing locality, calculate the status information of a car or car free;
If sampled value S i, according to following formulae discovery reference value B i, wherein α is smoothing parameter,
B i = S i i = 1 B i - 1 &times; ( 1 - &alpha; ) + S i &times; &alpha; i > 1
If threshold value is C t, when | S i– B i| <=C twhen, if the sampling period of parking stall probe node be set to T 1; Threshold value C is exceeded when detecting magnetic signal change ttime, namely | S i– B i| >C t, then the parking stall probe node shortening sampling period is set to T 2;
The cycle of described parking stall probe node in dynamic transmission sampled data process be change, described parking stall probe node adopts adaptively sampled mechanism, is specially, when described parking stall probe node detect magnetic signal change exceed threshold value C ttime, then the sampling period is set to the first sampling period T 2; When described parking stall probe node detect magnetic signal change be not more than threshold value C ttime, then the sampling period is set to the second sampling period T 1, wherein T 1and T 2be the default sampling period, and T 1be greater than T 2.
2. the parking place detecting system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described parking place detecting system also comprises to be located on the probe node of described parking stall, for the Node Controller of the conversion of the duty and holding state that control parking stall probe node.
3. the parking place detecting system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described Node Controller is strong magnetic machine, and described strong magnetic machine is attached at above the probe node of parking stall.
4. the parking place detecting system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described Node Controller exports the signal with maximal value and minimum value, enters holding state and duty to control described parking stall probe node respectively.
5. the parking place detecting system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the routing node for network service and gateway node, described parking stall probe node sends parking space state data by described routing node and described gateway node to host computer; Described parking stall probe node is at least connected with plural routing node, described routing node and described gateway node point to point connect, and described gateway node adopts inundation to the downlink data transmission of described parking stall probe node.
6. the parking place detecting system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described parking stall probe node adopts and confirms that retransmission mechanism is transferred to data the multiple routing nodes within the scope of one jumping.
7. the parking place detecting system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, when described routing node receives the parking space state data of described parking stall probe node transmission, by hop-by-hop affirmation mechanism, parking space state data are transferred to gateway node.
8. the parking place detecting system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described gateway node, routing node timing dormancy and wake up.
9. the parking place detecting system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 5 to 8 any one, is characterized in that, described routing node is provided with the solar module of powering for routing node.
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