CN104202803B - Energy-saving MAC protocol communication method based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Energy-saving MAC protocol communication method based on wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of wireless sensor network communication, and particularly relates to an energy-saving MAC protocol communication method based on a wireless sensor network, which comprises the following steps: the new node records the awakening time deviation value of the neighbor node by maintaining the awakening time table of the neighbor node; determining a wakeup time offset value of a new node according to the wakeup time offset value of the neighbor node; and when the sending node sends data, inquiring corresponding receiving node information in the awakening time table, and predicting the awakening time of the receiving node. The invention selects the deviant according to the awakening time of the neighbor node, ensures different awakening time between nodes, can effectively reduce energy consumption caused by idle interception and saves energy by accurately predicting the awakening time of the receiving node.
Description
Technical field
It is logical in particular to a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols based on wireless sensor network the present invention relates to the communications field
Letter method.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) is by substantial amounts of static or mobile sensing
The wireless network that device is constituted in the way of self-organizing and multi-hop, collaboratively to perceive, gather, process and transmission network covering is geographical
The information of object is perceived in region.
During sensor network use, operative sensor node causes failure due to depleted of energy or environmental factor,
Also there are some nodes in order to make up failure node, increasing monitoring accuracy and add to (new node) in network, so in sensor
Node number in network is just dynamically increased or reduced, so that the topological structure of network dynamically changes therewith.
In wireless sensor network, the wake-up mode of node has following several：
(1) full awakening mode：Under this pattern, all nodes in wireless sensor network wake up simultaneously, detect and with
The target occurred in track network, although tracking accuracy higher can be obtained under this pattern, but is disappearing with network energy
Consumption is huge for cost.
(2) random awakening mode：Under this pattern, node in wireless sensor network by the wake-up Probability p that gives with
Machine wakes up.
(3) awakening mode is selected by forecasting mechanism：Under this pattern, the node in wireless sensor network is appointed according to tracking
The need for business, the selective wake-up node larger to tracking accuracy income, by the information prediction target subsequent time for obtaining
State, and wake up node.
(4) duty cycle awakening mode：Under this pattern, the node in wireless sensor network is periodically for wake-up
State, the node of this mode of operation can coexist with the node of other mode of operations, and assist the node of other mode of operations
Work.
In wireless sensor network, media access control (Media Access Control, MAC) agreement is in
The floor portions of wireless sensor network protocols, are mainly used in fair effectively shared communication medium between sensor node, to passing
The performance of sensor network has considerable influence, is one of key network agreement of guarantee wireless sensor network efficient communication.
The asynchronous MAC layer protocol initiated based on receiving terminal in correlation technique, node maintains the wake-up that neighbor node is fixed
Timetable, larger energy ezpenditure is brought when continuous idle is intercepted, and is unfavorable for energy-conservation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network, to solve
Certainly above-mentioned problem.
A kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network is provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
Including：
The wakeup time table that new node passes through maintenance of neighbor node, records the wakeup time deviant of neighbor node；
Wakeup time deviant according to neighbor node determines the wakeup time deviant of new node, and formula is as follows：
In formula, OwI () is the wakeup time deviant of receiving node i, OwIt is the wakeup time deviant of new node, t (i,
J) be i, j two waking up nodes moment differences, the wake-up moment of two nodes of wherein i, j be in all nodes in Wakeup interval it is most short
Time in；
When sending node sends data, corresponding receiving node information in inquiry wakeup time table, and predict reception section
The wakeup time of point, predictor formula is as follows：
tremain(i)=Twakeup(i)-(tc-Ow(i)) %Twakeup(i)
In formula, tremainI () is that receiving node i wakes up remaining time at moment, T next timewakeupI () is node i Wakeup interval,
tcIt is sending node current time, OwI () is the wake-up deviant of receiving node i.
Further, new node marks the wakeup time deviant of record neighbor node by the wakeup time of maintenance of neighbor node
Before, also include：
The duration of node initial maximum Wakeup interval is persistently monitored, when the beacon frame of neighbor node transmission is received, hair
Send the empty data frame with requesting node wake up the status flag position；
When sending node receives the empty data frame with flag bit, the wake-up of embedded node in the ACK frames for sending
Interval；
New node receives the ACK frames of neighbor node return in lasting listening period, and one is safeguarded after monitoring terminates
Neighbor node wakeup time table.
Further, the method also includes：When the wakeup time that the actual wakeup time of receiving node is predicted with sending node
Difference be more than error threshold when, the information of re-request receiving node wakeup time.
Further, the method also includes：Before sending node sends data every time, the number of buffering queue awaiting transmission is detected
According to bag quantity, according to etc. data packet number waiting for transmission calculate and wait transmission packet quantitative levels, according to etc. data to be transmitted
The Wakeup interval of bag quantitative levels adaptively changing node.
Further, according to the Wakeup interval for waiting transmission packet quantitative levels adaptively changing node, specifically include：
Before data are sent compared to the last time, wait transmission packet quantitative levels when changing, by flag bit and
The wait transmission packet quantitative levels are embedded into the data frame of pre- transmission；Wherein, flag bit is used to notify receiving node
The wait transmission packet quantitative levels of change are embedded with data frame, wait transmission packet quantitative levels to be tried to achieve by following formula：
In formula, ρwaitI () is that node i waits transmission packet quantitative levels, NwaitI () is the data waiting for transmission such as node i
Bag quantity, nthresholdIt is sending node load factor, ρthresholdIt is receiving node load factor；
Child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade is updated when node receives the data frame with flag bit
Summation, when the data frame with flag bit is not received, remains waiting for transmission packet quantitative levels constant；Wherein, Hai Zijie
The summation of point awaiting transmission data packet number grade is tried to achieve by following formula：
In formula, ρwaitIt is the summation of child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade, ρwaitI () is that node i etc. is to be passed
Transmission of data bag quantitative levels, s is the number of child nodes；
Receiving node dynamically changes Wakeup interval；Wherein, dynamic changes the condition of Wakeup interval for Dynamic gene changes, phase
Close formula as follows：
In formula, μ is Dynamic gene, ρwaitIt is the summation of child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade, ρthreshold
It is receiving node load factor, TtmpWakeup interval after being calculated for node, Tinit_wakeupIt is node initial maximum Wakeup interval,
TwakeupIt is the Wakeup interval of node, TminIt is node minimum Wakeup interval.
Further, the method also includes：Keep Wakeup interval constant when Dynamic gene does not change.
Further, the method also includes：When sending node receives the wake-up beacon frame of receiving node, sleep is converted to
Until receiving node, wakeup time retransmits data to state next time.
Energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network provided in an embodiment of the present invention and prior art phase
Than selecting deviant by according to neighbor node wakeup time, it is ensured that there is different wakeup times between node, and pass through
The wakeup time of Accurate Prediction receiving node, can effectively reduce the energy ezpenditure that idle listening brings, and save energy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows a kind of flow chart of the energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network of the present invention；
Fig. 2 shows a kind of course of work of the energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 shows that a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means new node based on wireless sensor network of the present invention is added
The schematic diagram in netinit stage.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment and with reference to accompanying drawing.
The wakeup time table of neighbor node fixation is maintained in view of prior art interior joint, is brought when continuous idle is intercepted
The problem of large energy consumption, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of HELD-MAC (High based on wireless sensor network
Energy efficiency and Low delay-Media Access Control, high energy efficiency low delay media is accessed
Control) agreement.
Shown in ginseng Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, Fig. 1 shows a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication based on wireless sensor network of the present invention
The flow chart of method；Fig. 2 shows a kind of work of the energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network of the present invention
Process schematic；Fig. 3 shows that a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means new node based on wireless sensor network of the present invention adds
Enter the schematic diagram of network initial phase.
In order to solve the above problems, thinking of the invention is to add network phase in new node, is waken up according to neighbor node
Selection of time deviant, to ensure there are different wakeup times from neighbor node.By predicting receiving node wakeup time, work as hair
When sending node and having data transfer, according to the receiving node wakeup time for predicting, the Tcd moment wakes up in advance, with etc. wake-up to be received
Beacon frame.Specifically include：
Step S102, the wakeup time table that new node passes through maintenance of neighbor node, the wakeup time for recording neighbor node is inclined
Shifting value；
Step S104, the wakeup time deviant according to neighbor node determines the wakeup time deviant of new node, formula
It is as follows：
(1) in formula, OwI () is the wakeup time deviant of receiving node i, OwIt is the wakeup time deviant of new node, t
(i, j) is i, j two waking up nodes moment differences, and two waking up nodes moment must be when Wakeup interval be most short in all nodes
It is interior；
Step S106, when sending node sends data, corresponding receiving node information in inquiry wakeup time table, and in advance
The wakeup time of receiving node is surveyed, predictor formula is as follows：
tremain(i)=Twakeup(i)-(tc-Ow(i)) %Twakeup(i) (2)
(2) in formula, tremainI () is that receiving node i wakes up remaining time at moment, T next timewakeupI () is between node i wakes up
Every tcIt is sending node current time, OwI () is the wake-up deviant of receiving node i.
In the present embodiment, Wakeup interval is construed as the interval for waking up twice, when wakeup time is interpreted as waking up
Carve, that is, that time for waking up.
The HELD-MAC agreements that the present embodiment is provided, by formula (1), deviant are selected according to neighbor node wakeup time,
Ensure that between node that there is different wakeup times, and by the wakeup time of formula (2) Accurate Prediction receiving node, Neng Gouyou
Effect reduces the energy ezpenditure that idle listening brings, and has saved energy.
In the present embodiment, the starting stage of network, the wake-up that new node passes through maintenance of neighbor node are added in new node
Before the wakeup time deviant of timetable record neighbor node, also include：
Persistently monitor node initial maximum Wakeup interval Tinit_wakeupDuration, in snoop procedure, when receive neighbours section
During the beacon frame that point sends, the empty data frame with requesting node wake up the status flag position is sent；
When sending node receives the empty data frame with flag bit, the wake-up of embedded node in the ACK frames for sending
Interval Twakeup(node the last time wakeup time Tlast, node current time Tcur)；
New node receives the ACK frames of neighbor node return in lasting listening period, and one is safeguarded after monitoring terminates
Neighbor node wakeup time table.
Can there is different degrees of error in correlation technique, the error is not only by clock drift when wakeup time is predicted
Cause, operating system and hardware delay also bring along obvious predicated error, in order to effectively solve this problem, the present embodiment is provided
HELD-MAC agreements introduce prediction error threshold Ethreshold, when actual wakeup time and the sending node of receiving node are predicted
Wakeup time difference be more than error threshold when, node is called out according to the method re-request receiving node of above-mentioned initial phase
The information of the time of waking up.Error threshold EthresholdThe desirable 0~20ms of span.
In order in solving correlation technique MAC protocol under the conditions of network dynamic load, it is impossible to dynamically change waking up nodes
Interval, so as to bring the problem of data transmission conflict rate higher and larger data transfer time delay, what the present embodiment was provided
HELD-MAC agreements, also include：
Before sending node sends data every time, the data packet number of buffering queue awaiting transmission is detected, (if removing this
The packet waiting for transmission such as have outside the packet of transmission) according to etc. data packet number N waiting for transmissionwaitI () calculating etc. is to be passed
Transmission of data bag quantitative levels ρwait(i), according to the Wakeup interval for waiting transmission packet quantitative levels adaptively changing node.
In the present embodiment, according to the Wakeup interval for waiting transmission packet quantitative levels adaptively changing node, specifically
Including：
Before data are sent compared to the last time, wait transmission packet quantitative levels when changing, by flag bit and
The wait transmission packet quantitative levels are embedded into the data frame of pre- transmission；Wherein, flag bit is used to notify receiving node
The wait transmission packet quantitative levels of change are embedded with data frame, wait transmission packet quantitative levels to be tried to achieve by (3) formula：
(3) in formula, ρwaitI () is that node i waits transmission packet quantitative levels, NwaitI () is that node i etc. is waiting for transmission
Data packet number, nthresholdIt is sending node load factor, ρthresholdIt is receiving node load factor；
Receiving node dynamically maintains child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade summation ρwait, wherein ρwaitValue
Bigger, the packet for representing child nodes awaiting transmission is more, and child is updated when node receives the data frame with flag bit
The summation ρ of child node awaiting transmission data packet number gradewait, when the data frame with flag bit is not received, keep etc.
Data to be transmitted bag quantitative levels are constant；Wherein, the summation of child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade is asked by (4) formula
：
(4) in formula, ρwaitIt is the summation of child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade, ρwaitI () is node i etc.
Data to be transmitted bag quantitative levels, s is the number of child nodes；
Receiving node dynamically changes Wakeup interval；Wherein, dynamic changes the condition of Wakeup interval for Dynamic gene (μ values) changes
Become, keep Wakeup interval constant when Dynamic gene (μ values) does not change, correlation formula such as formula (5), (6), (7)：
In formula (5), (6), (7), μ is Dynamic gene, ρwaitIt is child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade
Summation, ρthresholdIt is receiving node load factor, TtmpWakeup interval after being calculated for node, Tinit_wakeupFor node is initial most
Big Wakeup interval, TwakeupIt is the Wakeup interval of node, TminIt is node minimum Wakeup interval, according to residue energy of node calculating
Come.
Wherein μ values are bigger, and the packet for representing child nodes awaiting transmission is more；(3) the sending node load in formula
Factor of nthresholdAnd the receiving node load factor in (5) formula, ρthreshold, packet transmission delay can be tolerated according to application
Degree adjustment, if larger to transmission delay tolerance, can suitably increase its value, conversely, its value can be reduced.
The HELD-MAC agreements that the present embodiment is provided, before sending data every time by sending node, in detection buffering queue
Etc. data packet number waiting for transmission, according to etc. data packet number waiting for transmission calculate and wait transmission packet quantitative levels, according to
The Wakeup interval of transmission packet quantitative levels adaptively changing node is waited, receiving node is realized according to Network load status
Adaptively concept transfer Wakeup interval, makes receiving node still have different wakeup times after changing Wakeup interval, from
And ensure that in high load situations there is relatively low data transfer time delay and data transmission conflict rate, meanwhile, node can be with root
The minimum Wakeup interval of the adaptively concept transfer of dump energy according to estimates, it is ensured that node will not be because of frequently forwarding data
And shut down too early, the life cycle of network is extended, enhance the stability of network.
In wireless sensor network, efficient data retransmission mechanism is need in actual sensor network to consider important
Aspect, the increase of offered load and multiple adjacent node simultaneous transmissions can all bring data transmission conflict, and bust this needs
Data are retransmitted.In the HELD-MAC agreements that the present embodiment is provided, when sending node receives the wake-up beacon frame of receiving node,
Sleep state is converted to until receiving node wakeup time re-transmission next time data, i.e. sending node are when needing data to retransmit,
Transmission collision is detected, node is shifted immediately to sleep state, and intelligent chooses when that wake-up retransmits data, realizes efficient
Energy utilization.Fig. 2 illustrates the data retransmission mechanism based on prediction of HELD-MAC agreements.If as shown in Fig. 2 sending node
What S was received is the acknowledgement frame of the wake-up beacon frame rather than data transfer of receiving node R, and S nodes will be considered that data transmission fails
Or acknowledgement frame sends failure, S nodes are shifted immediately to sleep state, and until receiving node, wakeup time retransmits data next time,
The method waits the time of receiving node wake-up by reducing, so as to reduce energy ezpenditure.
The HELD-MAC agreements that the present invention is provided, dynamically maintain neighbor node wakeup time table to predict section by node
The wakeup time of point, while the Wakeup interval of concept transfer of the node according to network load condition adaptively, it is ensured that node
Between still have different Wakeup intervals, data transfer time delay, energy ezpenditure, network throughput, transmission collision in terms of have
Have a clear superiority.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.It is all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made any repair
Change, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network, it is characterised in that including：
The wakeup time table that new node passes through maintenance of neighbor node, records the wakeup time deviant of neighbor node；
Wakeup time deviant according to neighbor node determines the wakeup time deviant of new node, and formula is as follows：
In formula, OwI () is the wakeup time deviant of receiving node i, OwIt is the wakeup time deviant of new node, t (i, j) is
I, j two waking up nodes moment difference, wake-up moment of wherein i, j two node are in the most short time of Wakeup interval in all nodes
It is interior；
When sending node sends data, corresponding receiving node information in the wakeup time table is inquired about, and predict reception section
The wakeup time of point, predictor formula is as follows：
tremain(i)=Twakeup(i)-(tc-Ow(i)) %Twakeup(i)
In formula, tremainI () is that receiving node i wakes up remaining time at moment, T next timewakeupI () is node i Wakeup interval, tcFor
Sending node current time, OwI () is the wake-up deviant of receiving node i.
2. a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, its feature exists
Before, new node marks the wakeup time deviant of record neighbor node by the wakeup time of maintenance of neighbor node, also include：
The duration of node initial maximum Wakeup interval is persistently monitored, when the beacon frame of neighbor node transmission is received, band is sent
There is the empty data frame of request waking up nodes state flag bit；
When sending node receives the empty data frame with flag bit, the Wakeup interval of embedded node in the ACK frames for sending；
New node receives the ACK frames of neighbor node return in lasting listening period, and a neighbours are safeguarded after monitoring terminates
Waking up nodes timetable.
3. a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network according to claim 2, its feature exists
In also including：
When the actual wakeup time of receiving node is more than error threshold with the difference of the wakeup time of sending node prediction, again
Ask the information of receiving node wakeup time.
4. a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1,2 or 3, its
It is characterised by, also includes：
Before sending node sends data every time, detect buffering queue awaiting transmission data packet number, according to etc. it is waiting for transmission
Data packet number is calculated and waits transmission packet quantitative levels, according to wait transmission packet quantitative levels adaptively changing node
Wakeup interval.
5. a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network according to claim 4, its feature exists
In, according to wait transmission packet quantitative levels adaptively changing node Wakeup interval, specifically include：
Before data are sent compared to the last time, transmission packet quantitative levels are waited when changing, by flag bit and described
Transmission packet quantitative levels are waited to be embedded into the data frame of pre- transmission；Wherein, the flag bit is used to notify receiving node
The wait transmission packet quantitative levels of change are embedded with data frame, the wait transmission packet quantitative levels are asked by following formula
：
In formula, ρwaitI () is that node i waits transmission packet quantitative levels, NwaitI () is the number-of-packets waiting for transmission such as node i
Amount, nthresholdIt is sending node load factor, ρthresholdIt is receiving node load factor；
Child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade is updated when node receives the data frame with the flag bit
Summation, when the data frame with the flag bit is not received, remains waiting for transmission packet quantitative levels constant；Wherein, child
The summation of child node awaiting transmission data packet number grade is tried to achieve by following formula：
In formula, ρwaitIt is the summation of child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade, ρwaitI () is the numbers to be transmitted such as node i
According to bag quantitative levels, s is the number of child nodes；
Receiving node dynamically changes Wakeup interval；Wherein, dynamic changes the condition of Wakeup interval for Dynamic gene changes, related public
Formula is as follows：
In formula, μ is Dynamic gene, ρwaitIt is the summation of child nodes awaiting transmission data packet number grade, ρthresholdTo connect
Receive the node load factor, TtmpWakeup interval after being calculated for node, Tinit_wakeupIt is node initial maximum Wakeup interval, Twakeup
It is the Wakeup interval of node, TminIt is node minimum Wakeup interval.
6. a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network according to claim 5, its feature exists
In also including：Keep Wakeup interval constant when Dynamic gene does not change.
7. a kind of energy-efficient MAC protocols communication means based on wireless sensor network according to claim 6, its feature exists
In also including：
When sending node receives the wake-up beacon frame of receiving node, sleep state is converted to until next time receiving node is called out
The time of waking up retransmits data.
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| CN104539398B (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2017-11-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of underwater sensor network MAC protocol communication means of asynchronous dutycycle and network code |
| WO2018052343A1 (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-22 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Identification of neighboring network nodes in a wireless communication network |
| CN108966327B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2021-02-05 | 中国农业科学院农业信息研究所 | Method and system for prolonging service life of agricultural wireless sensor network |
| CN109862123A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-07 | 深圳开立生物医疗科技股份有限公司 | Data processing method, Internet of Things module and equipment |
| CN110290121B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-10-08 | 曲阜师范大学 | Method for realizing low-delay high-throughput asynchronous ALT-MAC protocol |
| CN112333740B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-10-14 | 北京融讯信通科技有限公司 | Dormancy method of centerless asynchronous ad hoc network suitable for broadcasting |
| CN112788132B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-08-23 | 广州技象科技有限公司 | Response grade-based transfer equipment data processing method and device |
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| Title |
|---|
| 《传感器网络中数据驱动MAC协议的研究》;王志刚;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 信息科技辑》;20131215;全文 * |
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|---|---|
| CN104202803A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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