CN102634702A - Mg2C3 doped high-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Mg2C3 doped high-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102634702A
CN102634702A CN2011104212104A CN201110421210A CN102634702A CN 102634702 A CN102634702 A CN 102634702A CN 2011104212104 A CN2011104212104 A CN 2011104212104A CN 201110421210 A CN201110421210 A CN 201110421210A CN 102634702 A CN102634702 A CN 102634702A
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车云
门三泉
张中可
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Guizhou Huake Aluminium Material Engineering Technology Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses an Mg2C3 doped high-strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly heating an aluminum ingot or a molten aluminum solution till the aluminum ingot or molten aluminum solution is completely melt down; adding Si, Fe, Cu, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti, Mn and C, completely dissolving and melting the mixture; after refining, thermally insulating the mixture at 700-1000 DEG C to obtain alloy melt; carrying out gas removal and purification operation on the alloy melt by using nitrogen or inert gas or mixed gas of nitrogen and inert gas in an arbitrary proportion, continuously introducing the gas until the reaction is completed; simultaneously adding fluidized Mg2C3 powder into the alloy melt together with the gas; stirring the alloy melt so that Mg2C3 is uniformly distributed in the alloy melt and completely reacts with the alloy melt; standing and adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 680-730 DEG C, taking the alloy melt mass out of the furnace and casting the aluminum alloy. through adoption of the preparation method, the deficiency of the existing aluminum alloy can be overcome, the toughness, formability and hardenability can be improved, and a high-grade substrate is provided for efficient deep processing.

Description

A kind of doped with Mg 2C 3Aldural and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aldural, also relate to its preparation method.
Background technology
Magnesium be use in the wrought aluminium alloy the most extensively, the most effective one of alloying element, its effect mainly is to form the intensity that a series of soluble metallic compound strengthening phases improve alloy through solution strengthening with other elements.But Mg is again the active metal simultaneously, and scaling loss is very big when adding aluminium alloy melt with the metal ingots form, and the Natural manganese dioxide of generation slagging in alloy has a strong impact on alloy property.
The duraluminum that deep processing is used often need at first be cast as large-scale ingot blank; Like slab ingot, pole etc.; Through means such as rolling, extruding, forgings, be processed into various finished products again, these processes all will combine with heat treatment phase basically; If to the finished product that can directly use, then also will be through operations such as over-segmentation, surface working, Passivation Treatment.These processing means need aluminum alloy materials itself to possess good deep processing performance, comprise castability, press working deformation performance, heat treatment reinforcement performance, corrosion resistance, antifatigue destructive characteristics, surface working and coating property etc.Wherein, founding performance is the basis of duraluminum deep processing performance.Large-scale ingot blank; Especially the above above pole of slab ingot, slab and diameter 500mm of thickness 500mm; Can be the representative base material of large-scale efficient deep processing, and be prefabricated into large-scale ingot blank, also be the technology critical point, first road whether test aluminum alloy materials itself is fit to carry out deep processing.
Because the big one-tenth branch of density is deposited in the foundry goods bottom in alloying constituent or the compound, float on top on the little composition of density.For example add refractory metals such as Ti, Zr and Al and form dystectic flaky compound Al for crystal grain thinning 3Ti and Al 3Zr can early crystallize out from alloy liquid; When growing up to greatly, just sink to producing the gravity segregation of local rules easily; Can on the foundry goods fracture, see the compound of the white bright ash of surfacing when segregation is serious, primary silicon thick in the hypereutectic Al-Si duraluminum also forms segregation easily owing to density is less.
In addition when this alloy liquid before cast owing to stir the inhomogeneous eutectic segregation that causes, concentrate the place in Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, the high fragility of hardness is big, the process tool wearing and tearing are greatly; The position that Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is few forms α (Al) sosoloid soft spots, and intensity is low, adds not only sticking cutter in man-hour, worsens processing characteristics, under the effect of cutting force, can make the distortion of α (Al) sosoloid cause machined surface hickie to occur.When magnesium content was less than 0.6% (massfraction) in ZL108 (ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1) duraluminum, hickie also appearred in finished surface easily.
There is Cu elements segregation in the Al-Si-Cu duraluminum to cause that thick Al appears in regional area again 2Cu is net distribution mutually and along crystalline substance, even if adopt thermal treatment can not it is dissolved in α (Al) sosoloid fully and remain in intergranular, thereby makes this kind alloy fragility increase.
Simultaneously, when adopting this duraluminum to cast, the normal appearance mainly contains oxide inclusion, molding material and flux slag inclusion etc. various being mingled with in the foundry goods that casting is accomplished.Wherein, be mingled with al oxide the most general.Especially in containing the duraluminum of Mg, majority is mingled with and is aluminum oxide and magnesian mixture, so in the aluminium alloy smelting process, the content of oxide inclusion is one of important mark matter of reflection aluminium liquid metallurgical quality.
This shows: the forming property of present aluminum alloy materials during except the large-scale ingot blank of founding is relatively poor; Large-scale ingot blank is not high in the hardening capacity of heat treatment process, tempering resistance is relatively poor and can not satisfy higher mechanical property requirements or some property (as heat-resisting, anti-corrosion) etc., is significant deficiency yet.These defectives make it in the process of strong materials of weight such as field of engineering technology instead of steel goods and structure, form the technological breakpoint that is difficult to cross over.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of aldural, can overcome the deficiency of existing aluminium alloy capability, improves its obdurability, plasticity and hardening capacity, for efficient deep processing provides high-end base material.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.2~0.6% Si; Fe smaller or equal to 0.35%, the Cu smaller or equal to 0.1%, Mn smaller or equal to 0.1%; Cr smaller or equal to 0.1%, the Zn smaller or equal to 0.1%, Ti smaller or equal to 0.1%; 0.8~1.8% Mg, 0.6~1.35% C, surplus is Al and unavoidable impurities; The content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of said aldural, adds Mg with the Combined Processing mode 2C 3, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the component according to said aldural is got the raw materials ready; Comprise the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.2~0.6%, the Fe smaller or equal to 0.35%, Cu smaller or equal to 0.1%; Mn smaller or equal to 0.1%; Cr smaller or equal to 0.1%, the Zn smaller or equal to 0.1%, Ti smaller or equal to 0.1%;
Step 2: in smelting furnace, add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid earlier, heating makes it to melt fully, adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 earlier by formula rate, makes it to dissolve fully and melt, and 700~1000 ℃ of insulations down, obtains alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is accomplished in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion that alloy melt is carried out the degassing and purifying operation, and lasting ventilation finishes until reaction; To account for the Mg of total product mass percent 1.4~3.15% simultaneously 2C 3Powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas with the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mg 2C 3In alloy melt, be evenly distributed, and fully react with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680~730 ℃, alloy liquid is come out of the stove, and carries out the Foundry Production of different goods respectively along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: the longshore current groove is toppled over and is come out of the stove, and to vertical water cooling casting machine system, casting processing use ingot blank, particularly above large-scale slab ingot of cast thickness 500mm and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone is gone in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technology, the aluminum alloy casting of y alloy y foundry goods, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention adds 1.4~3.15% Mg in wrought aluminium alloy 2C 3Powder can effectively increase heterogeneous forming core core in alloy graining process, thereby reaches the effect of grain refining, strengthens alloy strength; And the element that adds can promote to form interstitial atom and gap mutually; During high temperature in α (Al) sosoloid solubleness big, and very little when room temperature, thereby make alloy have higher heat-treatability matter; After the thermal treatment, its intensity and hardness all have significant improvement.
Without before adding above-mentioned Mg and C element, except that the common solution that form various elements, also contain compound phase that more following intermetallics form in the melt at this alloy:
Mg 2Si phase, N phase (Al 7Cu 2Fe), α phase (Al 12Fe 3Si);
These metallic compounds when melt cools off because the minimum free energy principle of system, can not stable existence in the crystal grain that forms; Will be under the driving that lattice distortion can differ from move and concentrate to crystal boundary, simultaneously, because the saturation solubility of alloying element in aluminum substrate descends along with temperature and significantly reduces; So along with the cooling of melt, oversaturated melt is constantly separated out the intermetallic compound that is rich in alloying element, these compounds are in the intergranular enrichment; Be difficult for to each other merging, in microtexture, become thick intergranular compound group, alloy is produced crisp sclerosis influence; Worsen the alloy casting forming property, reduce its homogeneity, toughness, solidity to corrosion and through hardening performance.So; When alloy graining becomes the substruction of supersaturated solid solution matrix+intergranular metallic compound; Be commonly referred to pure as-cast structure, the alloy with this tissue just can have the mechanical property and other technical indicator of satisfying the demand after must passing through the thermal treatment of " solid solution+timeliness ".
Though, can improve through the thermal treatment of formulation optimization processing and raising alloy property, still still there are a lot of defectives in alloy itself: insufficient strength is high, can not cast big specification type ingot etc.
The present invention is through relatively selecting, and the carbide of having developed transition element is handled the mode of melt, through adding 1.4~3.15% Mg 2C 3Powder; The atomic state Mg metal that carbide after the decomposition produces; Do not had under the simple substance state between atoms metal to merge with " naked attitude " and a large amount of on every side matrix atoms, formed solution and metallic compound altogether with the valence electron potential barrier that the lattice energy of tightly packed generation between the powerful metal bond energy that produces and similar atom forms of combining closely; And the leading phase when becoming crystallization and grain refining are mutually, also are the High-Temperature Strengthening phases simultaneously.Therefore, carbide has solved refractory metal and in aluminium liquid, has dissolved difficult, the difficult problem of uniform distribution with the decomposition under the generation high temperature in the fluidization adding melt and the disperse state of formation, has realized the microcosmic homogenizing distribution of lattice distortion ability and the refinement of crystal grain.
Because the Al that C and Al reaction generate 4C 3Be a kind of ionic crystal of complex construction, fusing point reaches 2100 ℃; Atoms metal can be 4,5,6 coordinations in practical structures, and Al-C bond distance exists
Figure BDA0000120835600000041
Between, the shortest C-C key does
Figure BDA0000120835600000042
X ray is studied then has single carbon atom with discrete carbanion C in the display structure 4-Form exists; The aluminium carbide particle can reduce the trend of material creep, improves body material hardness; Have strong suction H effect, can effectively remove the atom H of the existence in the melt.
Joining the degree that the carbide in the melt decomposes in addition, change along with the different of the stability of carbide itself and melt temperature, promptly react and have certain reversibility, is a kind of dynamic balance.The saturation solubility of most of transition element in molten aluminium is less, and the maximum solid solution degree of dechromisation, titanium, vanadium, zirconium occurs in outside the peritectic temperature, and the maximum solid solution degree of other elements all occurs in eutectic temperature; Solubleness at room temperature is all less than 0.1%wt.
The nitrogen that in fusion process, charges into simultaneously helps aluminium synthetic AlN in 800~1000 ℃ nitrogen atmosphere.Because the AlN that N and Al reaction generates is an atomic crystal, genus quasi-diamond nitride the highlyest is stabilized to 2200 ℃; Room temperature strength is high, and intensity is slower with the rising decline of temperature, can effectively improve the hot strength and the resistance to corrosion of alloy; Thermal conductivity is good, and thermal expansivity is little, can improve the body material thermal shock resistance.Therefore, work as N 2When charging into the high temperature aluminium alloys melt, itself has just had the activity that reacts with multiple metallic gold.So the concentration of temperature when suitably regulating the cleaning molten operation and protectiveness nitrogen, the content of AlN in the adjustable melt, this further provides method for the content of regulating transition metal in the melt.
It is thus clear that: because the means of using the fluidization carbide to handle in the present invention; Integrate the multiple effects of strengthening matrix and crystal grain thinning; Replace master alloy, make duraluminum manufacturing concern no longer be limited by the master alloy manufacturer, help creating the green production line of " nearly moulding, short flow process, intensification "; Energy-saving and cost-reducing, reduce comprehensive cost; Simultaneously, in heat treatment process, owing to formed excellent material microstructure; The unrelieved stress of ingot blank is less; Therefore can significantly improve thermal treatment usefulness, improve the hardening capacity of ingot blank, when comparing with similar alloy; Can produce thicker blank (bar that sheet material that thickness 500mm is above and diameter 500mm are above) with " casting+heat treatment mode ", (realize " rolling " on the plate manufacturing technology of thickness 15~200mm) to cast generation at series specification.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.2% Si, 0.35% Fe; 0.1% Cu, 0.1% Mn, 0.1% Cr, 0.1% Zn; 0.1% Ti, 0.8% Mg, 0.6% C; Surplus is Al and unavoidable impurities, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of said aldural, adds Mg with the Combined Processing mode 2C 3, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the component according to said aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.2~0.6%, the Fe smaller or equal to 0.35%; Cu smaller or equal to 0.1%; Mn smaller or equal to 0.1%, the Cr smaller or equal to 0.1%, 0.45~0.9% Mg; Zn smaller or equal to 0.1%, the Ti smaller or equal to 0.1%;
Step 2: in smelting furnace, add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid earlier, heating makes it to melt fully, adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 earlier by formula rate, makes it to dissolve fully and melt, and 700~1000 ℃ of insulations down, obtains alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is accomplished in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion that alloy melt is carried out the degassing and purifying operation, and lasting ventilation finishes until reaction; To account for the Mg of total product mass percent 1.4% simultaneously 2C 3Powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas with the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mg 2C 3In alloy melt, be evenly distributed, and fully react with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680~730 ℃, alloy liquid is come out of the stove, and carries out the Foundry Production of different goods respectively along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: the longshore current groove is toppled over and is come out of the stove, and to vertical water cooling casting machine system, casting processing use ingot blank, particularly above large-scale slab ingot of cast thickness 500mm and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone is gone in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technology, the aluminum alloy casting of y alloy y foundry goods, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.4% Si, 0.3% Fe; 0.08% Cu, 0.08% Mn, 0.06% Cr, 0.07% Zn; 0.05% Ti, 1.3% Mg, 0.97% C; Surplus is Al and unavoidable impurities, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of said aldural, adds Mg with the Combined Processing mode 2C 3, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the component according to said aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.4%, 0.3% Fe, 0.08% Cu, 0.08% Mn, 0.06% Cr, 0.7% Mg, 0.07% Zn, 0.05% Ti;
Step 2: in smelting furnace, add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid earlier, heating makes it to melt fully, adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 earlier by formula rate, makes it to dissolve fully and melt, and 700~1000 ℃ of insulations down, obtains alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is accomplished in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion that alloy melt is carried out the degassing and purifying operation, and lasting ventilation finishes until reaction; To account for the Mg of total product mass percent 2.27% simultaneously 2C 3Powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas with the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mg 2C 3In alloy melt, be evenly distributed, and fully react with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680~730 ℃, alloy liquid is come out of the stove, and carries out the Foundry Production of different goods respectively along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: the longshore current groove is toppled over and is come out of the stove, and to vertical water cooling casting machine system, casting processing use ingot blank, particularly above large-scale slab ingot of cast thickness 500mm and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone is gone in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technology, the aluminum alloy casting of y alloy y foundry goods, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.6% Si, 0.25% Fe; 0.06% Cu, 0.09% Mn, 0.03% Cr, 0.09% Zn; 0.05% Ti, 1.8% Mg, 1.35% C; Surplus is Al and unavoidable impurities, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of said aldural, adds Mg with the Combined Processing mode 2C 3, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the component according to said aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.6%, 0.25% Fe, 0.06% Cu, 0.09% Mn, 0.03% Cr, 0.9% Mg, 0.09% Zn, 0.05% Ti;
Step 2: in smelting furnace, add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid earlier, heating makes it to melt fully, adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 earlier by formula rate, makes it to dissolve fully and melt, and 700~1000 ℃ of insulations down, obtains alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is accomplished in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion that alloy melt is carried out the degassing and purifying operation, and lasting ventilation finishes until reaction; To account for the Mg of total product mass percent 3.15% simultaneously 2C 3Powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas with the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mg 2C 3In alloy melt, be evenly distributed, and fully react with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680~730 ℃, alloy liquid is come out of the stove, and carries out the Foundry Production of different goods respectively along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: the longshore current groove is toppled over and is come out of the stove, and to vertical water cooling casting machine system, casting processing use ingot blank, particularly above large-scale slab ingot of cast thickness 500mm and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone is gone in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technology, the aluminum alloy casting of y alloy y foundry goods, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.

Claims (4)

1. doped with Mg 2C 3Aldural, it is characterized in that: by percentage to the quality, comprise 0.2~0.6% Si; Fe smaller or equal to 0.35%, the Cu smaller or equal to 0.1%, Mn smaller or equal to 0.1%; Cr smaller or equal to 0.1%, the Zn smaller or equal to 0.1%, Ti smaller or equal to 0.1%; 0.8~1.8% Mg, 0.6~1.35% C, surplus is Al and unavoidable impurities; The content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
2. said doped with Mg of claim 1 2C 3The preparation method of aldural, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1: the component according to said aldural is got the raw materials ready; Comprise the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.2~0.6%, the Fe smaller or equal to 0.35%, Cu smaller or equal to 0.1%; Mn smaller or equal to 0.1%; Cr smaller or equal to 0.1%, the Zn smaller or equal to 0.1%, Ti smaller or equal to 0.1%;
Step 2: in smelting furnace, add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid earlier, heating makes it to melt fully, adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 earlier by formula rate, makes it to dissolve fully and melt, and 700~1000 ℃ of insulations down, obtains alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is accomplished in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion that alloy melt is carried out the degassing and purifying operation, and lasting ventilation finishes until reaction; To account for the Mg of total product mass percent 1.4~3.15% simultaneously 2C 3Powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas with the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mg 2C 3In alloy melt, be evenly distributed, and fully react with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680~730 ℃, alloy liquid is come out of the stove, and carries out the Foundry Production of different goods respectively along following two kinds of flow processs.
3. said doped with Mg of claim 2 2C 3The preparation method of aldural; It is characterized in that: described casting is alloy liquid longshore current groove to be toppled over come out of the stove; To vertical water cooling casting machine system, casting processing use ingot blank, particularly above large-scale slab ingot of cast thickness 500mm and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
4. said doped with Mg of claim 2 2C 3The preparation method of aldural; It is characterized in that: described casting is that alloy liquid metaideophone is gone in the mold of foundry goods; Use metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopt gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technology, the y alloy y foundry goods.
CN201110421210.4A 2011-12-15 A kind of doping Mg2c3high-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN102634702B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103556007A (en) * 2013-11-06 2014-02-05 无锡市威海达机械制造有限公司 Alloy material for producing photo frame

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0577436A1 (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-01-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Nitrogen-combined aluminum sintered alloys and method of producing the same
CN1555423A (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-12-15 �Ѻ͵繤��ʽ���� Aluminum alloy excellent in machinability, and aluminum alloy material and method for production thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0577436A1 (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-01-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Nitrogen-combined aluminum sintered alloys and method of producing the same
CN1555423A (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-12-15 �Ѻ͵繤��ʽ���� Aluminum alloy excellent in machinability, and aluminum alloy material and method for production thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103556007A (en) * 2013-11-06 2014-02-05 无锡市威海达机械制造有限公司 Alloy material for producing photo frame

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