CN102622472A - Method for analyzing load and stress distribution and stress levels of composite mechanical connection pins - Google Patents
Method for analyzing load and stress distribution and stress levels of composite mechanical connection pins Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for analyzing load and stress distribution and stress levels of composite mechanical connection pins, which is technically characterized by comprising the following steps of: establishing a two-dimensional shell beam model to calculate the load distribution of the connection pins, and taking out the bypass load of a rectangular region nearby a target pin from the two-dimensional model; newly establishing a three-dimensional physical model comprising target pins on the basis of the two-dimensional shell beam model according to geographic information, such as the size of the rectangular region, the sizes of bolts and the like; and calculating the three-dimensional model by taking the bypass load taken out from the two-dimensional model as the force boundary condition of the three-dimensional model through applying the pre-tightening forces of the bolts to obtain the stress distribution and the stress level of the region. According to the method for analyzing the load and stress distribution and the stress level of the composite mechanical connection pins, the advantages of a two-dimensional modeling method and a three-dimensional modeling method in a finite element model are fully performed, and thereby, a rapid and accurate computing method is provided for distribution calculation and stress analysis on the connection pins in project, and the design cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of COMPOSITE MATERIALS mechanical connection and follow closely the method for carrying, can be used for the aerospace flight vehicle structural design, Machine Design and manufacturing field with stress distribution and stress level.
Background technology
Composite structure obtained application more and more widely in the aerospace field in the last few years owing to have the designability that specific strength is big, specific stiffness is high, corrosion resistance is good and excellent, had become one of important materials of aircaft configuration.The compound substance consumption is represented with the number percent of its shared aircraft body structure weight usually, and has been become one of important indicator of aeroplane structure design advanced level.
The main load-carrying construction of compound substance all adopts a large amount of bolts to connect, and such mechanical connecting structure is main connection structure and the loading transfer approach in the aircaft configuration.Therefore, compound substance machinery jointing becomes the key position of aircaft configuration, and it connects mechanical property, intensity and life situations and merits attention.The anisotropy of composite material strength, rigidity and shortage ductility, the load in each hole is redistributed ability on the web joint in many nailing machines tool connects, and the carrying ratio on each connecting hole differs greatly.Therefore, many nailing machines of composite laminated plate tool connected nail carries assignment problem to be paid much attention in engineering design and in using always, has two big class methods can supply usefulness at present: test method and finite element numerical analysis method.Test method is greatly expensive, and the test specimen processing request is strict, be difficult to that numerous factors of carrying distribution and intensity are followed closely in influence and carry out systematic research, and test findings has certain dispersiveness; The finite element numerical analysis method is expensive little, and can consider the influence of different parameters.
Carrying ratio, stress distribution and the stress level of confirming each nail in many nail syndetons is the basis of calculating many nail strength of joint.The Finite Element Method that extensively adopts about compound substance machinery connectivity problem both at home and abroad comprises following two kinds: a kind of is the method for setting up the two dimensional panel shell model; Another kind is a method of setting up three-dimensional entity model.Simple two dimensional panel shell model method is a kind of analogy method of simplification, and computation period nail short, that can be met engineering precision carries allocation result; But stress distribution of each shop layer can not be considered the influence of the factors such as bolt pretightening, nail fit-up gap, hole, friction in the actual conditions in the laminate that obtains, and can not obtain inter-laminar stress.Set up the method for three-dimensional entity model and can consider the multiple influence factor in the above-mentioned actual conditions; But it is complicated that its shortcoming is a modeling process, and computation period is long, does not have versatility; The convergence problem that the contact problems nonlinear iteration calculates usually becomes difficult point, is inappropriate for the engineering practice.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that solves
Weak point for fear of prior art; The present invention proposes a kind of COMPOSITE MATERIALS mechanical connection and follows closely the method for carrying with stress distribution and stress level; The advantage of two-dimentional modeling method and three-dimensional modeling method in the performance finite element model; For calculate on the engineering many nail connected nails carry distributions, and stress analysis the rapid and precise computing method are provided, optimal design is followed closely syndeton more, the reduction design cost.
Technical scheme
The method that a kind of COMPOSITE MATERIALS mechanical connection nail carries is characterized in that step is following:
Step 1: by the physical length of web joint and width, set up corresponding geometric surface according to each, set up line segment how much in the nail position in middle face position separately;
Step 2: on geometric surface, marking off with each nail respectively is the center, and array pitch is the square area of the length of side;
Step 3: give the shell unit attribute with geometric surface, and be divided into quadrilateral mesh; Give the beam meta-attribute with the geometry line segment, and be divided into the gauze lattice, and will there be node in two end points of beam unit on the square limit on by the grid node of web joint; Accomplish grid dividing, obtain two-dimensional finite unit plate shell model;
Step 4: in two dimensional model, the solid Zhi Duan of web member is consolidated a constraint, loading end applies required load, and load is transmitted through beam unit between difference is by web joint;
Step 5: find the solution computation model through finite element software, after calculating completion, in the result of calculation that obtains, extract the nodal force of Liang Yuan, this nodal force size is carried for nail.
The ambient stress distribution that a kind of COMPOSITE MATERIALS mechanical connection nail carries and the method for stress level is characterized in that step is following:
Step 1: by the physical length of web joint and width, set up corresponding geometric surface according to each, set up line segment how much in the nail position in middle face position separately;
Step 2: on geometric surface, marking off with each nail respectively is the center, and array pitch is the square area of the length of side;
Step 3: give the shell unit attribute with geometric surface, and be divided into quadrilateral mesh; Give the beam meta-attribute with the geometry line segment, and be divided into the gauze lattice, and will there be node in two end points of beam unit on the square limit on by the grid node of web joint; Accomplish grid dividing, obtain two-dimensional finite unit plate shell model;
Step 4: in two dimensional model, any nail be target nail by the square area on the web joint on, extract and preserve the bypass load around the square area respectively, said bypass load comprises power and moment of flexure;
Step 5: according to the length of side of square area in the step 2 with each by the actual thickness of web joint, set up by the 3-D geometric model of web joint; Select wherein any one it to be extended to 10% of model length at an end of axis direction, be the elasticity prosthese by web joint;
Step 6: set up the 3-D geometric model of securing member based on nail and washer size, will follow closely and packing ring is treated as whole modeling, and represent screw thread form with cylinder;
Step 7: give the solid element attribute with the 3-D geometric model that step 5 and step 6 obtain, sweep and slightly generate hexahedral mesh; Between nail and nail hole, packing ring with by web joint between, different by web joint between foundation contact right, the foundation of completion three-dimensional entity model;
Step 8: the end with the elasticity prosthese in the step 5 props up constraint admittedly;
Step 9: as the force boundary condition on the three-dimensional entity model corresponding surface, and the side of elasticity prosthese does not load with the bypass load of taking out in the step 4; Power loads according to the mode of even distributed force, moment of flexure according to the bending normal stresses formula be converted to stress on the whole gradient load, and apply bolt pretightening nailing on through the pretightning force unit;
Step 10: utilize finite element software to find the solution and calculate this three-dimensional model, obtain target nail ambient stress and distribute and stress level.
Successively all nails are followed closely as target, and repeating step 4～step 10 obtains all nails stress distribution and stress level on every side repeatedly.
Beneficial effect
A kind of COMPOSITE MATERIALS mechanical connection nail that the present invention proposes carries the method with stress distribution and stress level, sets up two-dimentional shell beam model and calculates the web member nail and carry and distribute, and from two dimensional model, take out near the bypass load of the rectangular area target nail; On the basis of two-dimentional shell beam model; According to geological informations such as the size of rectangular area and bolt sizes; The newly-built three-dimensional entity model that only comprises the target nail; The bypass load that two dimensional model is taken out is as the force boundary condition of three-dimensional model, and can apply bolt pretightening, calculates this three-dimensional model and can obtain this regional stress and distribute and stress level.
The present invention is beneficial effect compared with prior art: give full play to the advantage of two dimension and three-dimensional finite element model, application is strong, and computing time is short, and can guarantee computational accuracy, has improved counting yield.In the inventive method, the method that finite element analysis combines from the two dimensional model to the three-dimensional model comes the thought of problem analysis novel, can use other large complicated models.The inventive method is connected with composite panel composite panel, and sheet metal is connected with sheet metal, and composite panel is connected all suitable with the sheet metal mixing, highly versatile.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: technical scheme process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2: the two dimensional panel shell model of the single overlap joint of row three nails web member;
The 1-composite panel, 2-sheet metal, first nail of I-, second nail of II-, the 31 nail of III-;
Fig. 3: the synoptic diagram of shell unit and beam unit common points in the two dimensional panel shell model;
Fig. 4: three-dimensional entity model grid configuration and the way of restraint synoptic diagram thereof;
Fig. 5: the loading content and the mode synoptic diagram of inhomogeneity template bypass load in the three-dimensional entity model;
A: clamped plate loading content and mode; B: non-clamped plate loading content and mode.
Embodiment
Combine embodiment, accompanying drawing that the present invention is further described at present:
Calculation process of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1; Technical scheme for a better understanding of the present invention; Above algorithm application is analyzed in common composite panel and sheet metal mechanical connection, analyzed content and be: nail carries a Distribution Calculation, and spike carries the analysis on Stress Field around the hole.Web member is single lapping plate of row three nail, and is as shown in Figure 2, and following steps are based on finite element software ANSYS:
Step 1 according to different by the physical length of web joint and width; Geometric surface is set up in middle face position separately; The initial point of working face is moved to the nail position, and the rotation work plane cuts out key point along directions X and Y direction respectively on two geometric surfaces.Recorded and stored key point numbering couples together the key point of same nail on the different plates with line segment.Composite panel is the plate 1 among Fig. 2 a, and sheet metal is the plate 2 among Fig. 2 a;
Step 3 defines material properties, and gives SHELL99 shell unit attribute to composite panel, and sheet metal is given SHELL63 shell unit attribute, geometric surface is divided generated quadrilateral mesh.Line segment is given BEAM188 beam meta-attribute, and divides gauze lattice of generation.Two end points of Liang Yuan are on by the grid node of web joint, and promptly beam unit is common points (as shown in Figure 3) with shell unit;
Step 4 pair web member applies the boundary condition among Fig. 2 a;
Step 5 is being applied required load by the loading end of web joint, in the Solution module, calculates this two dimensional panel shell model;
Step 6 is preserved the data file that this model is the 2D.db form after calculating and accomplishing.In the nodal force size that post-processing module is taken out each common node respectively, this value is exactly that nail carries;
Step 7 will be followed closely the I nail that carries the allocation proportion maximum and followed closely as target.In the two dimensional panel shell model, select every by near the square area the target nail on the web joint, promptly select the shadow region among Fig. 2 b;
Step 8 is extracted the bypass load around the square area.Choose the unit in the shadow region earlier, select the node on the square limit again, input FSUM order can obtain the acting force of selected cell to these nodes in command boxe; Extract the acting force on each square four edges respectively with this order.The bypass load of extracting perpendicular to the square limit of X axle comprises N
X, Q
Y, Q
Z, M
Y, M
ZThe bypass load that is parallel to the square limit extraction of X axle comprises N
Y, Q
X, Q
Z, M
X, M
ZThe bypass load that extracts is deposited among the data file;
The newly-built operation of step 9, and according to foursquare size in the two dimensional panel shell model, differently set up by the solid of web joint by web joint thickness separately.According to the physical size of nail and packing ring, set up the solid of securing member, and ignore screw thread form, will follow closely and regard whole with packing ring.Select the sheet metal square, with its along an end lengthening model length of directions X 10% as the elasticity prosthese; The purpose of elasticity prosthese is to eliminate to prop up the adverse effect that this strong constraint counter stress distributes and causes admittedly;
Step 10 pair above-mentioned 3-D geometric model is given SOLID185 solid element attribute, and sweeps and slightly generate hexahedral mesh.Between nail and nail hole, packing ring with by web joint between, different define respectively between by web joint contact right, the three-dimensional entity model of generation, model meshes is as shown in Figure 4;
Step 11 is added to the bypass load of taking out in the step 8 respectively on the corresponding face of three-dimensional entity model as stress boundary condition.Wherein, power is by the mode that is uniformly distributed with loading: perpendicular to the power (N of face
XOr N
Y) directly be added on the elemental area, shearing loads with surface effect cell S URF154; Moment of flexure is converted to normal stress by the bending normal stresses formula, is added on the corresponding surface with the form of gradient; The pretightning force unit that pretightning force uses ANSYS inside to provide applies.The side of elasticity prosthese part does not comprise stress boundary condition in the three-dimensional entity model, as in Fig. 5 a, only at dash area stress application boundary condition;
Step 12 is calculated this three-dimensional entity model in the Solution module, after calculate accomplishing, can in post-processing module, extract each shop layer in unit coordinate system result down separately, and drafting stress cloud atlas, also can check bulk deformation figure.
Step 13 then needs the 2D.db file of preservation in the recovering step 6 if will change the target nail reanalyses, and step 7 is come again to step 12 to get final product again.
Claims (3)
1. a COMPOSITE MATERIALS mechanical connection is followed closely the method for carrying, and it is characterized in that step is following:
Step 1: by the physical length of web joint and width, set up corresponding geometric surface according to each, set up line segment how much in the nail position in middle face position separately;
Step 2: on geometric surface, marking off with each nail respectively is the center, and array pitch is the square area of the length of side;
Step 3: give the shell unit attribute with geometric surface, and be divided into quadrilateral mesh; Give the beam meta-attribute with the geometry line segment, and be divided into the gauze lattice, and will there be node in two end points of beam unit on the square limit on by the grid node of web joint; Accomplish grid dividing, obtain two-dimensional finite unit plate shell model;
Step 4: in two dimensional model, the solid Zhi Duan of web member is consolidated a constraint, loading end applies required load, and load is transmitted through beam unit between difference is by web joint;
Step 5: find the solution computation model through finite element software, after calculating completion, in the result of calculation that obtains, extract the nodal force of Liang Yuan, this nodal force size is carried for nail.
2. one kind is utilized ambient stress that the said methods analyst compound substance of claim 1 machinery connected nail carries to distribute and the method for stress level, it is characterized in that step is following:
Step 1: by the physical length of web joint and width, set up corresponding geometric surface according to each, set up line segment how much in the nail position in middle face position separately;
Step 2: on geometric surface, marking off with each nail respectively is the center, and array pitch is the square area of the length of side;
Step 3: give the shell unit attribute with geometric surface, and be divided into quadrilateral mesh; Give the beam meta-attribute with the geometry line segment, and be divided into the gauze lattice, and will there be node in two end points of beam unit on the square limit on by the grid node of web joint; Accomplish grid dividing, obtain two-dimensional finite unit plate shell model;
Step 4: in two dimensional model, any nail be target nail by the square area on the web joint on, extract and preserve the bypass load around the square area respectively, said bypass load comprises power and moment of flexure;
Step 5: according to the length of side of square area in the step 2 with each by the actual thickness of web joint, set up by the 3-D geometric model of web joint; Select wherein any one it to be extended to 10% of model length at an end of axis direction, be the elasticity prosthese by web joint;
Step 6: set up the 3-D geometric model of securing member based on nail and washer size, will follow closely and packing ring is treated as whole modeling, and represent screw thread form with cylinder;
Step 7: give the solid element attribute with the 3-D geometric model that step 5 and step 6 obtain, sweep and slightly generate hexahedral mesh; Between nail and nail hole, packing ring with by web joint between, different by web joint between foundation contact right, the foundation of completion three-dimensional entity model;
Step 8: the end with the elasticity prosthese in the step 5 props up constraint admittedly;
Step 9: as the force boundary condition on the three-dimensional entity model corresponding surface, and the side of elasticity prosthese does not load with the bypass load of taking out in the step 4; Power loads according to the mode of even distributed force, moment of flexure according to the bending normal stresses formula be converted to stress on the whole gradient load, and apply bolt pretightening nailing on through the pretightning force unit;
Step 10: utilize finite element software to find the solution and calculate this three-dimensional model, obtain target nail ambient stress and distribute and stress level.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: change target nail in step 4 successively all nails are followed closely as target, and repeating step 4～step 10 obtains all nails stress distribution and stress level on every side repeatedly.
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