CN106874545A - A kind of method for designing of flat board with holes - Google Patents
A kind of method for designing of flat board with holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN106874545A CN106874545A CN201710007209.4A CN201710007209A CN106874545A CN 106874545 A CN106874545 A CN 106874545A CN 201710007209 A CN201710007209 A CN 201710007209A CN 106874545 A CN106874545 A CN 106874545A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for designing of flat board with holes, belong to Design of Mechanical Structure technical field.The method includes building the initialization geometrical model of flat board, the geometry mid-plane model of flat board is generated according to initialization geometrical model, geometry mid-plane model is carried out using FInite Element discrete, to obtain grid model, obtain the quantitative value of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into, obtain material properties and material thickness, obtain the boundary condition of flat board, obtain optimization design variable and optimization aim, to obtain shape optimum model, solve shape optimum model, by the quantitative value for obtaining the arc that initial circular hole is divided into, and obtain boundary condition, optimization design variable, optimization constraints and optimization aim, to optimize, radius and the position of the arc that each section of initial circular hole is divided into constantly are adjusted in optimization process, the final shape for determining the best well for meeting optimization constraints and optimization aim and position, obtain optimum shape model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Design of Mechanical Structure technical field, more particularly to a kind of method for designing of flat board with holes.
Background technology
Slab construction with holes can be seen in various plant equipment, and flat board with holes is usually used in support rotating shaft, branch
Various beams are supportted, or the purpose of loss of weight is reached by the perforate on flat board.
Because after onboard perforate, in real work, the vicinity in hole can produce very big stress, may result in flat board
There is local material surrender, so that the normal work of whole equipment is influenceed, therefore the design of flat board with holes is particularly significant.It is existing
Flat board with holes design when, set up flat board generally according to the flat board with holes in experience or the similar equipment of analogy structure
Initialization geometrical model, then the structural behaviour for initializing geometrical model is checked, if the result checked meets actual
Requirements of one's work, then be defined as final flat plate model by the initialization geometrical model, if the result checked is unsatisfactory for actual work
Make, then need rule of thumb to set up the initialization geometrical model of flat board again again, and check again, so until the knot checked
The need for fruit meets real work.
The initialization geometry of flat board is set up due to the flat board with holes rule of thumb or in the similar equipment of analogy structure
Model, therefore the selection of the shape in hole, position and size carries certain blindness so that during perforated flat plate is designed
The check and redesign for carrying out repeatedly are likely to require, cause the design cycle very very long, design efficiency is low.
The content of the invention
Long in order to solve the existing perforated flat plate design cycle, the low problem of design efficiency, the embodiment of the present invention is provided
A kind of method for designing of flat board with holes.The technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of method for designing of flat board with holes, methods described includes：
The initialization geometrical model of flat board is built, initial circular hole is carried on the initialization geometrical model；
The geometry mid-plane model of the flat board is generated according to the initialization geometrical model；
The geometry mid-plane model is carried out using FInite Element it is discrete, to obtain grid model；
Obtain the quantitative value of the arc that the initial circular hole is divided into；
Obtain material properties and material thickness；
Obtain the boundary condition of the flat board；
Optimization design variable and optimization aim are obtained, to obtain shape optimum model；
The shape optimum model is solved, to obtain the optimum shape model with best well.
Preferably, the initialization geometrical model for building flat board, including：
Obtain the design parameter of the flat board；
The initialization geometrical model is generated according to the design parameter.
Further, the size of the design parameter including the flat board, the center of circle of the initial circular hole and described initial
The radius of circular hole.
Alternatively, when being designed for supporting the circular hole of rotating shaft or circular beam on the flat board, the initial circular hole
The quantity of the arc being divided into is 1, and the optimization design variable is the radius of the arc.
Alternatively, when the mounting hole of loss of weight is designed on the flat board, the arc that the initial circular hole is divided into
Quantity be 4, the optimization design variable is the central angle and four sections of arcs of four sections of radiuses of the arc, four sections of arcs
The center of circle is the distance between to the position in the center of circle of the initial circular hole.
Alternatively, when the mounting hole fillet polygonal hole of support beam is designed on the flat board, the initial circle
The quantity of the arc that hole is divided into is 4, and the optimization design variable is the central angle of four sections of radiuses of the arc, four sections of arcs
The distance between with four sections of centers of circle of the arc to the position in the center of circle of the initial circular hole.
Preferably, the geometry mid-plane model that the flat board is generated according to the initialization geometrical model, including：
The middle face of the initialization geometrical model is extracted, to obtain the geometry mid-plane model.
Further, the material properties include density, elastic modelling quantity and Poisson's ratio.
Alternatively, the maximum load that the boundary condition includes the free degree of the flat board and born.
Alternatively, the optimization aim sets according to performance requirement, and the performance requirement includes that the structure of the flat board is firm
At least one in degree, structural strength, intrinsic frequency, volume and weight.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：By the initialization geometry mould for setting up flat board
Type, it may be determined that go out the position in the size of flat board and the center of circle of initial circular hole, then by generate flat board geometry mid-plane model,
After grid model, the quantitative value of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into is obtained, and obtain boundary condition, optimization design variable and optimization
Target, to optimize, each section is constantly adjusted according to boundary condition, optimization design variable and optimization aim in optimization process
The position in the center of circle of the radius and relatively initial circular hole of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into, finally determine meet boundary condition and
The shape of the best well of optimization aim and position, obtain optimum shape model, due to according to boundary condition, optimization design variable and
Optimization aim is optimized, and can fast and accurately design the flat board with holes for meeting real work requirement, solves tradition
The design cycle of method for designing is long, the low problem of design efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Technical scheme in order to illustrate more clearly the embodiments of the present invention, below will be to that will make needed for embodiment description
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the method for designing of flat board with holes provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method for designing of another kind provided in an embodiment of the present invention flat board with holes；
Fig. 3 shows a kind of schematic diagram of the initialization geometrical model of flat board provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of schematic diagram of geometry mid-plane model provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of schematic diagram of grid model provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of schematic diagram of flat board for being applied with boundary condition provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is a kind of schematic diagram of optimum shape model provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of the method for designing of another kind provided in an embodiment of the present invention flat board with holes；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram after splitting to initial circular hole；
Figure 10 is a kind of schematic diagram of flat board for being applied with boundary condition provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is a kind of schematic diagram of optimum shape model provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the flow chart of the method for designing of another flat board with holes provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram after splitting to initial circular hole；
Figure 14 be it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention another be applied with boundary condition flat board schematic diagram；
Figure 15 is a kind of schematic diagram of optimum shape model provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the method for designing of flat board with holes provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 1, should
Method includes：
S11：The initialization geometrical model of flat board is built, initial circular hole is carried on initialization geometrical model.
S12：The geometry mid-plane model of flat board is generated according to initialization geometrical model.
S13：Geometry mid-plane model is carried out using FInite Element it is discrete, to obtain grid model.
S14：Obtain the quantitative value of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into.
S15：Obtain material properties and material thickness.
S16：Obtain the boundary condition of flat board.
S17：Optimization design variable and optimization aim are obtained, to obtain shape optimum model.
S18：Shape optimum model is solved, to obtain the optimum shape model with best well.
The embodiment of the present invention is by setting up the initialization geometrical model of flat board, it may be determined that go out the size of flat board and initial
The position in the center of circle of circular hole, then be divided into by after geometry mid-plane model, the grid model for generating flat board, obtaining initial circular hole
Arc quantitative value, and boundary condition, optimization design variable and optimization aim are obtained, to optimize, according to boundary condition, excellent
Change design variable and optimization aim constantly adjusts the radius and phase of the arc that each section of initial circular hole is divided into optimization process
To the position in the center of circle of initial circular hole, shape and the position of the best well for meeting boundary condition and optimization aim are finally determined,
Optimum shape model is obtained, due to being optimized according to boundary condition, optimization design variable and optimization aim, can be quick and precisely
Design the flat board with holes for meeting real work requirement, the design cycle for solving traditional design method is long, design efficiency
Low problem.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method for designing of another kind provided in an embodiment of the present invention flat board with holes, and the method is used for
Circular hole is designed on flat board, the circular hole is used to support rotating shaft or circular beam, as shown in Fig. 2 the method includes：
S21：Obtain the design parameter of flat board.
Specifically, design parameter includes the radius of size, shape, the center of circle of initial circular hole and the initial circular hole of flat board.
Such that it is able to determine the circle of size, shape, the size of initial circular hole and the initial circular hole of flat board according to design requirement
Position of the heart on flat board, the flat board of different purposes, the size and shape of flat board is likely to difference, wherein, design requirement can be with
The space size and flat board of the position installed including flat board and the connected mode of other structures.
S22：According to design parameter generation initialization geometrical model.
Fig. 3 shows a kind of schematic diagram of the initialization geometrical model of flat board provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, the initialization geometrical model is three-dimensional sheet material model, the flat board 10 includes an initial circular hole 10a.So, can obtain
The contours profiles of flat board, for follow-up design provides basic model, initialization geometrical model is three-dimensional sheet material model.
S23：The middle face of initialization geometrical model is extracted, to obtain geometry mid-plane model.
Fig. 4 is a kind of schematic diagram of geometry mid-plane model provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 4, in the geometry
In surface model, flat board 20 includes an initial circular hole 20a.
Before using FInite Element generation grid model, it usually needs first initialization geometrical model is simplified, is dropped
Dimension simplification is a kind of conventional simplified way, and dimensionality reduction simplifies and mainly include Medial-Axis Transformation and the simplification of middle face, because flat board is sheet material,
Its thickness is much smaller than length and width, is consequently belonging to thin-wall part, and face simplifies in suitable use, specifically, extracts the initial of flat board
Change the middle face of sheet material in geometrical model, the middle face of wherein sheet material refers to the two-dimensional surface of formation when the thickness of sheet material is reduced into 0, by
Only include one flat plate in initialization geometrical model, therefore the middle face extracted is geometry mid-plane model.
S24：Geometry mid-plane model is carried out using FInite Element it is discrete, to obtain grid model.
So, can be discrete for multiple associated units be analyzed by geometry mid-plane model, that is, realize with limited
The unknown quantity (associated unit) of quantity goes to approach an infinite number of unknown quantity (flat board), to obtain more accurate simulation knot
Really.
Fig. 5 is a kind of schematic diagram of grid model provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, in the grid model,
Flat board 30 by it is discrete be multiple units 31.Wherein, unit number is determined that unit size is smaller by unit size, and unit number is bigger, instead
It, unit size is bigger, and unit number is smaller.What deserves to be explained is, unit size can be manually set, also, due to list
First number is bigger, and the solving precision of computer is higher, and correspondingly, solution efficiency will be lower, therefore unit size can be according to reality
The demand on border is configured, and the present invention is without limitation.
S25：Obtain the quantitative value of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into.
Specifically, the quantity of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into is 1, i.e., initial circular hole is not split, due to needing
The hole of design is shaped as circle, therefore only needs to optimize the radius in hole.
S26：Obtain material properties and material thickness.
Specifically, material properties at least include density, elastic modelling quantity and Poisson's ratio, the thickness of flat board could be arranged to 8~
20mm, concrete numerical value can be set according to actual needs, and material properties and material thickness can be carried out manually according to actual needs
Input.
S27：Obtain the boundary condition of flat board.
Specifically, boundary condition can include the maximum load that the free degree and flat board of flat board are born, for different works
Make the flat board in environment, the free degree of flat board and the maximum load born may be different, and maximum load can be according to reality
Border operating mode is configured, and the actual installation form of the free degree of flat board also with flat board is relevant.Fig. 6 is provided in an embodiment of the present invention
A kind of schematic diagram of the flat board for being applied with boundary condition, the flat board shown in Fig. 6 is rectangular, the first side 401, second of flat board
The side 403 of side 402 and the 3rd is in stationary state, therefore the free degree of flat board is 0, and the load born is perpendicular acting
Downward pressure on hole wall, it is circular beam or rotating shaft that the hole is mainly used in supporting section.
It should be noted that the maximum load for being applied should be greater than the load born in actual condition, to improve flat board
Security in actual condition.
S28：Optimization design variable and optimization aim are obtained, to obtain shape optimum model.
Specifically, optimization aim sets according to performance requirement, the rigidity of structure of performance requirement including flat board, structural strength,
At least one in intrinsic frequency, volume and weight.
In the present embodiment, optimization design variable is the radius of arc, and optimization aim is the maximum rigidity of structure, due to designed
Hole be used for support rotating shaft or circular beam, it is therefore desirable to ensure hole is shaped as circle, by adjust arc radius change hole
Size so that the rigidity of structure of flat board for maximum.
In addition it is also possible to intrinsic frequency closest to desired value as optimization aim, desired value can be according to specific operating mode
It is manually set, so that the intrinsic frequency of flat board is maximum with the vibration frequency difference of the structure for being supported, such that it is able to ensure flat board
Resonance will not be produced in real work.
S29：Shape optimum model is solved, to obtain the optimum shape model with best well.
Fig. 7 is a kind of schematic diagram of optimum shape model provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and circle is offered on flat board 50
Best well 50a, the best well on flat board is determined by boundary condition, optimization aim and optimization design variable, so as to design
Flat board meet actual condition the need for, such that it is able to using the optimum shape model as the flat plate model for finally giving, according to
Flat plate model is designed and produces.
It should be noted that above-mentioned steps S25~S28 can be carried out simultaneously.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of the method for designing of another kind provided in an embodiment of the present invention flat board with holes, and the method is used for
Mounting hole is designed on flat board, the mounting hole is used for loss of weight, as shown in fig. 7, the method includes：
S31：Obtain the design parameter of flat board.
Specifically, step S31 is identical with step S21, and here is omitted.
S32：According to design parameter generation initialization geometrical model.
Specifically, step S32 is identical with step S22, and here is omitted.
S33：The middle face of initialization geometrical model is extracted, to obtain geometry mid-plane model.
Specifically, step S33 is identical with step S23, and here is omitted.
S34：Geometry mid-plane model is carried out using FInite Element it is discrete, to obtain grid model.
Specifically, step S34 is identical with step S24, and here is omitted.
S35：Obtain the quantitative value of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram after splitting to initial circular hole, and the quantity of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into is 4, such as Fig. 9
Shown, the circular hole on flat board 60 is divided into arc 61, arc 62, arc 63 and arc 64.
S36：Obtain material properties and material thickness.
Specifically, step S36 is identical with step S26, and here is omitted.
S37：Obtain the boundary condition of flat board.
Figure 10 is a kind of schematic diagram of flat board for being applied with boundary condition provided in an embodiment of the present invention, shown in Figure 10
Flat board 70 is rectangular, and the first side 701 of flat board is fixed, and flat board is subject to act on the pulling force on second side 702, the side of pulling force
To parallel to plate face and vertical with second side 702.
It should be noted that the maximum load for being applied should be greater than the load born in actual condition, to improve flat board
Security in actual condition.
S38：Optimization design variable and optimization aim are obtained, to obtain shape optimum model.
In the present embodiment, optimization design variable is four sections of radiuses of arc, the central angle of four sections of arcs and four sections of centers of circle of arc
The distance between position in the center of circle to initial circular hole, optimization aim is that flat board quality is most light.
S39：Shape optimum model is solved, to obtain the optimum shape model with best well.
Figure 11 is a kind of schematic diagram of optimum shape model provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by solving shape optimum mould
Type, obtain the best well 91 on flat board 90 is shaped as kidney-shaped.
It should be noted that above-mentioned steps S35~S38 can be carried out simultaneously.
Figure 12 is the flow chart of the method for designing of another flat board with holes provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the method is used for
Mounting hole is designed on flat board, the mounting hole is used for support beam.As shown in figure 12, the method includes：
S41：Obtain the design parameter of flat board.
Specifically, step S41 is identical with step S21, and here is omitted.
S42：According to design parameter generation initialization geometrical model.
Specifically, step S42 is identical with step S22, and here is omitted.
S43：The middle face of initialization geometrical model is extracted, to obtain geometry mid-plane model.
Specifically, step S43 is identical with step S23, and here is omitted.
S44：Geometry mid-plane model is carried out using FInite Element it is discrete, to obtain grid model.
Specifically, step S44 is identical with step S24, and here is omitted.
S45：Obtain the quantitative value of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into.
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram after splitting to initial circular hole, and the quantity of the arc that initial circular hole is divided into is 4, is such as schemed
Shown in 13, the initial circular hole on flat board 90 is divided into arc 91, arc 92, arc 93, arc 94.
S46：Obtain material properties and material thickness.
Specifically, step S46 is identical with step S26, and here is omitted.
S47：Obtain the boundary condition of flat board.
Figure 14 be it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention another be applied with boundary condition flat board schematic diagram, shown in Figure 14
Flat board it is rectangular, the first side 1001 of flat board, the side 1003 of second side 1002 and the 3rd are in stationary state, therefore
The free degree of flat board is 0, and the load born is downward pressure of the perpendicular acting on the hole wall of circular hole 101.
It should be noted that the maximum load for being applied should be greater than the load born in actual condition, to improve flat board
Security in actual condition.
S48：Optimization design variable and optimization aim are obtained, to obtain shape optimum model.
In the present embodiment, optimization design variable is four sections of radiuses of arc, the central angle of four sections of arcs and four sections of centers of circle of arc
Spacing between the position in the center of circle of initial circular hole, optimization aim is the maximum rigidity of structure.
S49：Shape optimum model is solved, to obtain the optimum shape model with best well.
Figure 15 is a kind of schematic diagram of optimum shape model provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by solving, on flat board 110
Obtain being shaped as the best well 111 of kidney-shaped.
It should be noted that above-mentioned steps S45~S48 can be carried out simultaneously, additionally, all or part of above-described embodiment
Step can be by conventional design software realization, such as ANSYS (the large-scale general finite element fractions that ANSYS companies of the U.S. develop
Analysis software) etc..
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all it is of the invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for designing of flat board with holes, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
The initialization geometrical model of flat board is built, initial circular hole is carried on the initialization geometrical model；
The geometry mid-plane model of the flat board is generated according to the initialization geometrical model；
The geometry mid-plane model is carried out using FInite Element it is discrete, to obtain grid model；
Obtain the quantitative value of the arc that the initial circular hole is divided into；
Obtain material properties and material thickness；
Obtain the boundary condition of the flat board；
Optimization design variable and optimization aim are obtained, to obtain shape optimum model；
The shape optimum model is solved, to obtain the optimum shape model with best well.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the initialization geometrical model of the structure flat board, including：
Obtain the design parameter of the flat board；
The initialization geometrical model is generated according to the design parameter.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the design parameter include the size of the flat board, shape,
The center of circle of the initial circular hole and the radius of the initial circular hole.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when being designed for support rotating shaft on the flat board or circle cuts
During the circular hole of face beam, the quantity of the arc that the initial circular hole is divided into is 1, and the optimization design variable is the half of the arc
Footpath.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when the mounting hole that loss of weight is designed on the flat board
When, the quantity of the arc that the initial circular hole is divided into is 4, the optimization design variable be four sections of radiuses of the arc, four sections
The central angle of the arc and four sections of centers of circle of the arc are the distance between to the position in the center of circle of the initial circular hole.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when the mounting hole that support beam is designed on the flat board
When, the quantity of the arc that the initial circular hole is divided into is 4, the optimization design variable be four sections of radiuses of the arc, four sections
The central angle of the arc and four sections of centers of circle of the arc are the distance between to the position in the center of circle of the initial circular hole.
7. the method according to any one of claim 1~6, it is characterised in that described according to the initialization geometrical model
The geometry mid-plane model of the flat board is generated, including：
The middle face of the initialization geometrical model is extracted, to obtain the geometry mid-plane model.
8. the method according to any one of claim 1~6, it is characterised in that the material properties include density, springform
Amount and Poisson's ratio.
9. the method according to any one of claim 1~6, it is characterised in that the boundary condition includes the flat board
The free degree and the maximum load born.
10. the method according to any one of claim 1~6, it is characterised in that the optimization aim sets according to performance requirement
It is fixed, in the rigidity of structure, structural strength, intrinsic frequency, volume and weight of the performance requirement including the flat board at least one
Kind.
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