CN109682680A - A kind of complex composite material mechanical connected nail load measurement test method - Google Patents
A kind of complex composite material mechanical connected nail load measurement test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109682680A CN109682680A CN201811441922.0A CN201811441922A CN109682680A CN 109682680 A CN109682680 A CN 109682680A CN 201811441922 A CN201811441922 A CN 201811441922A CN 109682680 A CN109682680 A CN 109682680A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011365 complex material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of complex composite material mechanical connected nails to carry measurement test method, belongs to mechanical device and technical field of transportation.The described method includes: applying load at testpieces both ends, using the strain field of a front surface and a side surface of laminate on the outside of DIC device measuring testpieces；Section is chosen respectively at the different posting positions of two outside laminates of testpieces, and section and outside laminate surface are crossed to form the line along outer layer platen width and thickness direction, extract line as strain；For each section, line drawing strain is extracted along the strain of outside laminate surface width direction；For each section, the strain at the both ends of the strain extraction line in outside laminate thickness direction is extracted；Calculate the mean strain in the outside each section of laminate；Calculate the load that outside laminate transmits in each section；Calculate the weight-distribution ratio that bolt is transferred to laminate on the outside of testpieces in different cross section.Computational accuracy of the present invention is high, low in cost, more conducively widespread adoption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical device and technical field of transportation, and in particular to a kind of complex composite material mechanical connected nail load
Measure test method.
Background technique
Composite material dosage is higher and higher in aircaft configuration, has been applied to the main force support structures such as fuselage, wing at present.It is mechanical
Connection is the important type of attachment of composite structure.Pin load distribution is the base of composite material machinery connection design and intensive analysis
Plinth.Due to composite material until showing as brittleness before destroying, the nail of composite material machinery connection carries distribution relative to metal structure
There were significant differences.The distribution of composite material machinery connected nail load is measured by test method to set verifying composite material connection structure
Meter and analysis method are of great significance.
Currently, composite material machinery connected nail, which carries test method, mainly foil gauge mensuration and nail set sensor method.It answers
Become in piece mensuration, is connected plate surface stickup foil gauge being mechanically connected, is pushed away by the difference of mean strain value between different staples
Guide pin carries allocation proportion.Follow closely set sensor method in, using bolt shape sensor replace true bolt, by it is loaded when sensor
The sensor load signal of output obtains the extrusion load of each nail hole.
For foil gauge mensuration, since the strain field variable gradient for being connected plate between fastener is very big, and foil gauge is only
It is capable of measuring the strain value of discrete several points, mean value is strained and the true mean bias in the section is larger, generate large error.Separately
Outside, due to wobbler action, connection structure can generate two parasitic moments, connected piece is caused to be bent.The outer upper and lower surface of connected piece
Strain is different, and is only used the mean strain of the strain calculation whole cross section of outer surface, can be further increased error.Practice has been demonstrate,proved
Bright this method has larger defect, and application range is restricted.
For following closely set sensor method, sensor is both measuring appliance and fastener.Sensor bears load by being pasted onto
Strain rosette output signal characterization inside metallic rod, therefore, sensor metallic rod surrounding has opened four slots.On the one hand, after fluting
Metallic rod is different with Bolt-hole fits state from screw rod in truth, and measurement result cannot reflect that it is special to carry distribution for nail in practical structures
Point；On the other hand, four slots have seriously undermined the bearing capacity of rodmeter, and this method is only capable of measuring load point under low load operating condition
With situation.In addition, sensor manufacture difficulty is very big, the technology is not yet mature so far, and expensive.
Nail is carried and directly measures test method, all fasteners of testpieces must be identical, and is connected plate thickness and exists
Bonding pad cannot change.And the configuration of connection structure is more complex in aircaft configuration.It is non-contact for these structures
Directly measurement test method is no longer applicable in.
In addition, inventor proposes that a kind of composite material machinery connected nail carries directly measurement test method before this, by direct
Measure the pin load distribution ratio that composite material connection deformation calculates connection structure.This method identical, structural configuration for fastener
It is easy to operate when simple mechanical connection, as a result reliably；But connection structure this method of configuration complexity is no longer applicable in.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problem above, the present invention proposes that a kind of complex composite material mechanical connected nail carries measurement test method,
Pin load distribution for being connected the complex configurations composite material machinery connection structures such as the variable, diameter of bolt difference of plate thickness is surveyed
Examination.The present invention measures connected plate different cross section strain field using noncontact measurement, extrapolates nail in connection structure and carries and divides
With ratio.Not only measurement accuracy is high, range is big for the test method, but also has a wide range of application, and has general applicability.
According to the first aspect of the invention, a kind of complex composite material mechanical connected nail load measurement test method, institute are provided
Stating the connection of complex composite material mechanical is double shear connection, including the first outside laminate, the second outside laminate and intermediate laminate
Plate, and multiple bolts of connection laminate, two outside laminates can have identical or different length, and bolt can have
There are identical or different diameter and type, which is characterized in that the method passes through digital picture correlation (Digital Image
Correlation, DIC) equipment be tool, measurement composite material machinery connect two outside laminate outer surfaces and side strain
, it is precisely calculated the mean strain of two outside laminate different cross sections, to calculate the load of two outside laminate transmitting
Thus lotus derives that nail carries distribution proportion.
Further, it the described method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, apply load at testpieces both ends, connected outside first using DIC device measuring complex composite material mechanical
The strain field of a front surface and a side surface of side laminate and the second outside laminate；
Step 2: section is chosen respectively at the different posting positions that complex composite material mechanical connects two outside laminates,
The section and outside laminate surface are crossed to form the line along outer layer platen width and thickness direction, extract as strain
Line；
Step 3: being directed to each section, line drawing strain is extracted in the strain along outside laminate, and calculates outside laminate
The mean strain in each section；
Step 4: calculating the load that the first outside laminate and the second outside laminate transmit in each section；
Step 5: calculating the weight-distribution ratio that bolt is transferred to laminate on the outside of testpieces in different cross section.
Further, the step 3 specifically includes:
Step 301: it is directed to i-th of section, extracts line drawing strain along the strain of outside laminate surface width direction,
It is denoted as
Step 302: it is directed to i-th of section, extracts the strain at the both ends of the strain extraction line in outside laminate thickness direction,
Strain at the laminate outer surface edge of outside is denoted as εi t0, the strain of outside laminate inner surface edge is denoted as εi t；
Step 303: calculating the mean strain in outside i-th of section of laminate
Further, in step 303, the mean strain in outside i-th of section of laminate is calculatedSpecifically:
Wherein, n is the integer greater than 2, wiTo be laminated board width.
Further, in step 4, calculate what the first outside laminate and the second outside laminate transmitted in i-th of section
Load specifically:
In formula, F1iFor the load that the first outside laminate transmits in i-th of section,For obtained by step 3
The mean strain in one i-th of section of outside laminate；k1iFor in-plane stiffness of the first outside laminate at i-th of section；F2i
For the load that the second outside laminate transmits in i-th of section,For the second outside laminate i-th obtained by step 3
The mean strain in a section；k2iFor in-plane stiffness of the second outside laminate at i-th of section, n is the integer greater than 2.
Further, in steps of 5, the load that i-th of bolt is transferred to the first and second outside of testpieces laminate is calculated
Lotus specifically:
In formula,The load of the first outside laminate, F are transferred to for i-th of bolt1iFor obtained by step 4
The load transmitted in one i-th of section of outside laminate；The load of the second outside laminate is transferred to for i-th of bolt,
F2iFor the load transmitted in second i-th of section of outside laminate for being obtained by step 4.
Further, in step 2, in the quantity in the section chosen on laminate on the outside and the outside laminate
Bolt quantity is identical.
Further, in step 2, the section chosen on laminate on the outside is between adjacent bolt and outermost
The outside of side bolt.
Further, the DIC equipment be fixed on outside support and with picture collection software and strain analysis are installed
The connected of the calculating equipment of software
Further, the DIC equipment is equipped with picture collection software and strain calculation software.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention is a kind of complex composite material mechanical connected nail load measurement test method, is carried for complex configuration connected nail
Allocation for test provides test data for the design of composite material machinery connection structure and the verifying of analysis method.The technology is with number
Image matching technology (DIC) is tool, is connected by measurement composite material machinery and is connected plate outer surface and side strain field, meter
The load for being connected plate transmitting is calculated, further derives that nail carries distribution situation.
In addition, compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the advantage that
1) compared to foil gauge mensuration, nail proposed by the present invention carries measurement test method by being connected plate outer surface along width
The Strain Distribution result of degree calculates mean strain, passes through several discrete point strain calculation mean strain precision relative to strain gauge method
It significantly improves；Further it is proposed that by outside laminate along thickness strain result to width direction mean strain carry out
Amendment eliminates the influence of bending deformation caused by eccentric bending moment, and computational accuracy further increases, and foil gauge mensuration can not disappear
Except the error.
2) compared to nail set sensor method, the present invention measures the connection of composite material machinery by cordless,
Noiseless to testpieces itself, the nail load state of the result and real structure that measure is closer, and the test that can be used for structure is tested
Card；In addition, the present invention can measure the connection of composite material machinery until the nail destroyed carries distribution, and follows closely set sensor method and passed
The limitation of sensor range only can be carried out low load measurement.Finally, the present invention is low in cost, more conducively relative to nail set sensor method
Widespread adoption.
3) direct measuring method is carried compared to nail be simply possible to use in the simple composite material machinery connection structure of configuration, the present invention
It is wider to can be used for connected piece thickness, change width or the different connection structure of diameter fastener, application range.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the flow diagram that complex composite material mechanical connected nail according to the present invention carries measurement test method；
Fig. 2 shows composite material machinery connection schematic diagrams；
Fig. 3 shows composite material machinery connection posting and deformation schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 a shows testpieces and strains positive instrumentation plan；
Fig. 4 b shows testpieces strain back side instrumentation plan；
Fig. 4 c shows testpieces strain side instrumentation plan.
Specific embodiment
Measurement test side is carried with reference to the accompanying drawings complex composite material mechanical connected nail according to the present invention is described in detail
Method.
The present invention relates to a kind of complex composite material mechanical connected nails to carry measurement test method, by using digital picture
It is that the strain field that composite material machinery connects connected plate under measurement loaded state is transmitted to calculate connected plate with technology (DIC)
Pin load distribution ratio in structure is derived in the variation of load.The present invention is designed for technique for aircraft composite connection structure and intensity
Analysis.
Technical principle of the invention is:
(1) mean strain of outside laminate, knot are obtained by being averaging after the positive whole audience strain integral of outside laminate
It closes outer layer rigidity of compressive plate and obtains the load for being connected the transmitting of plate different location, further by laminate on the outside of fastener both sides
Load difference obtains nail and carries；
(2) it on the basis of key point (1), is strained by the whole audience of outside laminate side to outside laminate mean strain
It is modified, eliminates the influence of moment of flexure, the i.e. calculating of laminate thickness direction strain data；
(3) it being measured in terms of connected plate whole audience strain measurement using non-contact measurement method, strain data is continuous,
And it is noiseless to testpieces, test load range is bigger.
Referring to Fig.1, complex composite material mechanical connected nail according to the present invention carry measurement test method the following steps are included:
Step 101, apply load at testpieces both ends, using DIC device measuring testpieces the first outside laminate and the
The strain field of a front surface and a side surface of two outside laminates.The DIC equipment is fixed on outside support, and DIC equipment is equipped with figure
Piece acquisition software and strain calculation software.
Step 102: choosing section, the section and outside laminate surface respectively on two outside laminates of testpieces
It is crossed to form the line along outer layer platen width and thickness direction, extracts line as strain.The section between adjacent bolt,
And the outside of outermost bolt.So that the quantity in selected section is identical as the bolt quantity on the laminate of outside.
Step 103: being directed to each section, extract line drawing strain along the strain of outside laminate surface width direction.
For i-th of section, line drawing strain is extracted along the strain of outside laminate surface width direction and is denoted as
Step 104: being directed to each section, extract the strain at the both ends of the strain extraction line in outside laminate thickness direction.
For i-th of section, the strain at the both ends of the strain extraction line in outside laminate thickness direction, outside laminate outer surface are extracted
The strain of edge is denoted as εi t0, the strain of outside laminate inner surface edge is denoted as εi t。
Step 105: calculating the mean strain in the outside each section of laminate.It averagely answers in laminate i-th of section in outside
Become
Wherein, n is the integer greater than 2, wiTo be laminated board width.
Step 106: calculating the load that the first outside laminate and the second outside laminate transmit in each section.
The load that first outside laminate and the second outside laminate transmit in i-th of section are as follows:
In formula, F1iFor the load that the first outside laminate transmits in i-th of section,For obtained by step 5 first
The mean strain in i-th of section of outside laminate；k1iFor in-plane stiffness of the first outside laminate at i-th of section；F2iFor
The load that second outside laminate transmits in i-th of section,It cuts for i-th of the second outside laminate to be obtained by step 5
The mean strain in face；k2iFor in-plane stiffness of the second outside laminate at i-th of section, n is the integer greater than 2.
Step 107: calculating the weight-distribution ratio that bolt is transferred to laminate on the outside of testpieces in different cross section.
Embodiment 1
The technical program is described in detail by taking typical mashed up connection structure as an example below, but is not intended as to the present invention
Do the foundation of any restrictions.
The mashed up mechanical connecting structure of exemplary complex material is as shown in Fig. 2, three pieces of composite panels are bolted one
It rises.Transmission path of the load between composite panel as shown in figure 3, load by each bolt gradually from intermediate composite
Plate is transmitted to the two pieces of composite panels in outside.The load that bolt is transferred to the first outside laminate is successively labeled as F1、F2And F3,
The load that bolt is transferred to the second outside laminate is successively denoted as F4And F5.The load transmitted in first outside laminate is successively remembered
For Fu1、Fu2And Fu3, the load transmitted in the second outside laminate is successively denoted as Fb1And Fb2。
The present invention proposes that composite material machinery connected nail carries measurement test method indirectly, and test schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.Examination
During testing, measures the strain field at composite material machinery joint test part front, the back side and side simultaneously using DIC equipment, mention
The strain of the first outside laminate (upper plate) outer surface and side cross-section 1~3 is taken as a result, extracting the second outside laminate (lower plate)
The strain result of outer surface and side cross-section 4 and 5.The position in section 1~5 requires as shown in figure 4, having no exact position, as long as
Near shown position.
Outside laminate strains and non-uniform Distribution wide along plate under the effect of bolt compresses load in testpieces.Outside
Laminate is subjected to loads in plane effect, and is acted on by eccentric bending moment.There is bending to a certain degree and become in outside laminate
Shape.In the lower situation of bending moment level, the deformation of outer layer warped platen meets straight normal and assumes.
By DIC equipment can directly measure outside laminate outer surface and side strain each section distribution feelings
Condition.The mean strain in each section of outside laminate may be calculated
In formula,The strain of line drawing, w are extracted for the strain along outside laminate surface width directioniFor lamination
Board width, εi t0For the strain at the laminate outer surface edge of outside, εi tFor the strain of outside laminate inner surface edge.
Further, it is possible to obtain the load of the first outside laminate and each section transmitting of the second outside laminate:
In formula, FuiFor the load that the first outside laminate transmits in i-th of section,For obtained by formula 1 first
The mean strain in i-th of section of outside laminate；kuiFor in-plane stiffness of the first outside laminate at i-th of section；FbiFor
The load that second outside laminate transmits in i-th of section,It cuts for i-th of the second outside laminate to be obtained by formula 1
The mean strain in face；kbiFor in-plane stiffness of the second outside laminate at i-th of section, n is the integer greater than 2.
Being transferred to transmitting load in the load and plate of upper and lower plate by bolt, there are following relationships:
The allocation proportion that the nail that each bolt is transferred to upper and lower plate as a result, carries is given by
Composite material machinery connected nail proposed by the present invention measures test method between carrying, and passes through non-contact deformation measurement technology
The Strain Distribution of connected plate outer surface and side calculates the load for being connected and transmitting in plate between measuring bolt, is connected indirectly
The pin load distribution of structure.The invention is answered by being connected plate along the Strain Distribution gauging surface mean strain of width by side
Become result and eliminate the influence that eccentric bending moment causes bending deformation, test accuracy is improved；Meanwhile the invention can be used for configuration
Complicated composite material machinery connection, it is applied widely.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is by appended claims and its equivalent limits.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of complex composite material mechanical connected nail carries measurement test method, the complex composite material mechanical is connected as double shear
Connection, including the first outside laminate and the second outside laminate and middle layer pressing plate, and multiple bolts of connection laminate,
Two outside laminates have identical or different length, and bolt has identical or different diameter and type, which is characterized in that
The method is tool by related (DIC) equipment of digital picture, and measurement composite material machinery connects outside two outside laminates
Surface and side strain field, are precisely calculated the mean strain of two outside laminate different cross sections, to calculate two outsides
Thus the load of laminate transmitting derives that nail carries distribution proportion.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the described method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, apply load at testpieces both ends, the first outer layer is connected using DIC device measuring complex composite material mechanical
The strain field of a front surface and a side surface of pressing plate and the second outside laminate；
Step 2: section is chosen respectively at the different posting positions that complex composite material mechanical connects two outside laminates, it is described
Section and outside laminate surface are crossed to form the line along outer layer platen width and thickness direction, extract line as strain；
Step 3: being directed to each section, line drawing strain is extracted in the strain along outside laminate, and it is each to calculate outside laminate
The mean strain in section；
Step 4: calculating the load that the first outside laminate and the second outside laminate transmit in each section；
Step 5: calculating the weight-distribution ratio that bolt is transferred to laminate on the outside of testpieces in different cross section.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the step 3 specifically includes:
Step 301: being directed to i-th of section, extract line drawing strain along the strain of outside laminate surface width direction, be denoted as
Step 302: being directed to i-th of section, extract the strain at the both ends of the strain extraction line in outside laminate thickness direction, outside
Strain at laminate outer surface edge is denoted as εi t0, the strain of outside laminate inner surface edge is denoted as εi t；
Step 303: calculating the mean strain in outside i-th of section of laminate
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, calculating outside i-th of section of laminate in step 303
Mean strainSpecifically:
Wherein, n is the integer greater than 2, wiTo be laminated board width.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, calculating the first outside laminate and the second outside in step 4
The load that laminate transmits in i-th of section specifically:
In formula, F1iFor the load that the first outside laminate transmits in i-th of section,For obtained by step 3 first outside
The mean strain in i-th of section of side laminate；k1iFor in-plane stiffness of the first outside laminate at i-th of section；F2iIt is
The load that two outside laminates transmit in i-th of section,It cuts for i-th of the second outside laminate to be obtained by step 3
The mean strain in face；k2iFor in-plane stiffness of the second outside laminate at i-th of section, n is the integer greater than 2.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in steps of 5, calculating i-th of bolt and being transferred to testpieces
The load of first and second outside laminates specifically:
In formula,The load of the first outside laminate, F are transferred to for i-th of bolt1iFor the first outside obtained by step 4
The load transmitted in i-th of section of laminate；The load of the second outside laminate, F are transferred to for i-th of bolt2iIt is logical
Cross the load transmitted in second i-th of section of outside laminate that step 4 obtains.
7. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step 2, the section position chosen on laminate on the outside
Between adjacent bolt and the outside of outermost bolt.
8. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the DIC equipment is fixed on outside support.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the DIC equipment is equipped with picture collection software and strain
Software for calculation.
10. the pin load distribution measurement method of composite material in a kind of aircaft configuration, the composite material is using the side being mechanically connected
Formula, which is characterized in that the method uses a kind of complex composite material mechanical according to any one of claim 1 to 9
Connected nail carries measurement test method and measures to the pin load distribution of composite material in aircaft configuration.
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