CN102621414B - Method and system for comprehensively and synchronously observing lightning stroke discharge - Google Patents
Method and system for comprehensively and synchronously observing lightning stroke discharge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及雷电物理与雷电防护技术研究领域，尤其是一种雷击放电综合同步观测方法及系统。The invention relates to the research field of lightning physics and lightning protection technology, in particular to a comprehensive synchronous observation method and system for lightning discharge.
背景技术 Background technique
对雷击放电综合观测是认识雷击放电发展过程的重要手段，由于自然雷电发生的随机性和瞬时性，要求用于雷击放电的观测设备具有较高的时空分辨率，随着电子技术和计算机技术的飞速发展，单个观测设备的性能得到较大发展，此时各个设备之间如何同步就成为亟待解决的关键问题。申请人通过试验和研究发现，只有实现同步观测才能准确获得每一时刻下的雷电的物理形态、电学、光学和声学的具体的特征量，以达到准确获取雷击放电特征参数的目的。The comprehensive observation of lightning discharge is an important means to understand the development process of lightning discharge. Due to the randomness and instantaneous nature of natural lightning, the observation equipment used for lightning discharge is required to have a high temporal and spatial resolution. With the development of electronic technology and computer technology With the rapid development, the performance of a single observation device has been greatly developed. At this time, how to synchronize between various devices has become a key problem that needs to be solved urgently. Through experiments and research, the applicant found that only by realizing synchronous observation can the specific characteristic quantities of physical form, electricity, optics and acoustics of lightning at each moment be accurately obtained, so as to achieve the purpose of accurately obtaining characteristic parameters of lightning discharge.
为了实现对已测量得到的电学、光学等物理特征量的同步分析，通常的做法是借助物理机理进行推断，如假定高速摄像照片全亮的那一帧照片对应时刻为回击通道形成时刻，然后根据电学特征量“回击起始时刻”的变化特征，推断电学、光学特征参量之间的相互对应的时间关系。申请人认为，该方法存在一定的误差，难以达到雷电放电测量的微秒量级精度。In order to realize the synchronous analysis of the measured electrical, optical and other physical characteristics, the usual method is to infer with the help of physical mechanisms, such as assuming that the corresponding time of the frame of the high-speed camera photo is fully bright is the formation time of the return channel, and then according to The change characteristics of the electrical characteristic quantity "starting moment of return strike" infer the corresponding time relationship between the electrical and optical characteristic parameters. The applicant believes that this method has certain errors, and it is difficult to achieve the microsecond level accuracy of lightning discharge measurement.
据申请人所知，雷击放电的随机性会导致常规雷击放电观测的效率低下，为了保证对随机雷电的捕获，业内常用的办法是使观测设备长期处于带电工作状态，这样做的结果会导致安全隐患产生，同时还会造成不良的后果，即观测设备长期处于带电工作状态将会大大缩短观测设备的使用寿命。As far as the applicant knows, the randomness of lightning discharge will lead to low efficiency of conventional lightning discharge observations. In order to ensure the capture of random lightning, the common method in the industry is to keep the observation equipment in a charged working state for a long time, which will lead to safety hazards. There will be hidden dangers, and it will also cause adverse consequences, that is, the observation equipment will be in a live working state for a long time, which will greatly shorten the service life of the observation equipment.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是，针对上述现有技术存在的不足，进行改进，提出并研究一种雷击放电综合同步观测方法及系统，以实现对雷击放电过程的高效率同步观测。The purpose of the present invention is to improve on the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, propose and research a comprehensive synchronous observation method and system for lightning discharge, so as to realize high-efficiency synchronous observation of the lightning discharge process.
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种雷击放电综合同步观测方法，基于GPS授时技术，采用观测系统进行观测，其特征在于，观测系统采用雷击放电综合同步观测系统，其观测步骤如下：The technical solution of the present invention is: a comprehensive synchronous observation method for lightning strike discharge, based on GPS timing technology, using an observation system for observation, characterized in that the observation system adopts a comprehensive synchronous observation system for lightning strike discharge, and the observation steps are as follows:
1)雷击放电综合同步观测系统使用广域雷电定位系统提供雷暴活动趋势，使用大气平均电场仪提供雷暴来临提醒；1) The comprehensive synchronous observation system for lightning discharge uses the wide-area lightning positioning system to provide thunderstorm activity trends, and uses the atmospheric average electric field instrument to provide thunderstorm reminders;
2)雷击放电综合同步观测系统采用GPS授时装置输出交流B码信号给高速摄像装置的时钟输入接口，在高速摄像装置内部的时钟系统标示每帧照片的形成时间，GPS授时装置同时接收来自闪电高速触发装置的TTL电平信号，并输出TTL电平上升沿对应的准确时间t到PC机(或上位机或中心服务器)，由其应用软件进行记录，高速数据存储记录装置记录TTL电平信号和电学、声学测量信号，根据TTL电平信号上升沿对应的时间t和采样数据点之间的时间间隔Δt，计算电学、声学测量信号的第n个点的准确时间为t+n·Δt，通过比对波形数据点准确时间和光学拍摄照片形成的准确时刻，实现雷击放电综合观测系统各观测量的同步。2) The lightning discharge comprehensive synchronous observation system uses the GPS timing device to output AC B-code signals to the clock input interface of the high-speed camera device. The clock system inside the high-speed camera device marks the formation time of each frame of photos, and the GPS timing device simultaneously receives signals from the lightning high-speed Trigger the TTL level signal of the device, and output the exact time t corresponding to the rising edge of the TTL level to the PC (or host computer or central server), and record it by its application software. The high-speed data storage recording device records the TTL level signal and For electrical and acoustic measurement signals, according to the time t corresponding to the rising edge of the TTL level signal and the time interval Δt between sampling data points, the accurate time of the nth point of the electrical and acoustic measurement signals is calculated as t+n·Δt, through Comparing the exact time of the waveform data points with the exact moment of the optical photographs to realize the synchronization of the observations of the lightning discharge comprehensive observation system.
其特征在于，使用广域雷电定位系统提供雷暴活动趋势，每当广域雷电定位系统提示雷暴活动来临，同时大气平均电场仪探测地面附近电场高于设定值时，由数据分析处理服务器判断是否满足预设条件，当满足预设条件，即自动启动系统电源，使所有设备通电并进入预触发状态，闪电高速触发装置接收到闪电发出的强光后，输出TTL电平信号，触发所有观测记录设备并自动存储所有数据，通过判断大气平均电场仪的测量值是否大于设定的停止工作阈值，若大于设定的停止工作阈值，设备自动恢复预触发状态，等待下一次闪电触发，若小于设定的停止工作阈值，所有设备停止工作，并断开系统电源。It is characterized in that the wide-area lightning positioning system is used to provide the trend of thunderstorm activity. Whenever the wide-area lightning positioning system prompts that thunderstorm activity is coming, and at the same time, when the atmospheric average electric field instrument detects that the electric field near the ground is higher than the set value, the data analysis and processing server judges whether it is Satisfy the preset conditions. When the preset conditions are met, the system power supply will be automatically started, so that all equipment will be powered on and enter the pre-triggering state. After the lightning high-speed trigger device receives the strong light from the lightning, it will output a TTL level signal to trigger all observation records. The device automatically stores all the data. By judging whether the measured value of the atmospheric average electric field meter is greater than the set stop threshold, if it is greater than the set stop threshold, the device automatically returns to the pre-trigger state and waits for the next lightning trigger. When the specified shutdown threshold is reached, all devices stop working and the system power is disconnected.
上述的雷击放电综合同步观测系统，包括广域雷电定位系统、数据分析处理服务器、大气平均电场仪、高速摄像装置、闪电高速触发装置、快电场变化仪、慢电场变化仪、磁场测量仪、阵列式雷声探测装置、高速数据存储记录仪、GPS授时装置，其特征在于，所述的数据分析处理服务器通过以太网网线与广域雷电定位系统、大气平均电场仪、高速摄像装置相连接，所述的闪电高速触发装置与高速摄像装置、高速数据存储记录仪、GPS授时装置相连接，在接收雷击放电发出的强光后输出TTL电平信号给所连接设备；所述的高速数据存储记录仪与闪电高速触发装置、快电场变化仪、慢电场变化仪、磁场测量仪、阵列式雷声探测装置相连接，在接收到TTL电平信号后触发并记录触发信号、快电场波形、慢电场波形、磁场波形、雷声波形。The above lightning discharge comprehensive synchronous observation system includes a wide-area lightning positioning system, a data analysis and processing server, an atmospheric average electric field instrument, a high-speed camera device, a lightning high-speed trigger device, a fast electric field change instrument, a slow electric field change instrument, a magnetic field measuring instrument, and an array Type thunder detection device, high-speed data storage recorder, GPS timing device, it is characterized in that, described data analysis processing server is connected with wide-area lightning positioning system, atmospheric average electric field instrument, high-speed camera device through Ethernet network cable, all The lightning high-speed trigger device described above is connected with a high-speed camera device, a high-speed data storage recorder, and a GPS timing device, and outputs a TTL level signal to the connected equipment after receiving the strong light emitted by the lightning discharge; the described high-speed data storage recorder Connect with lightning high-speed trigger device, fast electric field changer, slow electric field changer, magnetic field measuring instrument, array thunder detection device, trigger and record trigger signal, fast electric field waveform and slow electric field waveform after receiving TTL level signal , magnetic field waveform, thunder waveform.
其特征在于，所述广域雷电定位系统包括雷电电磁波探测站、服务器及其应用软件，用于提供雷暴活动趋势图。It is characterized in that the wide-area lightning positioning system includes a lightning electromagnetic wave detection station, a server and its application software, which are used to provide a thunderstorm activity trend map.
其特征在于，所述大气平均电场仪包括大气感应器、信号处理电路、显示系统，用于提供雷暴来临提醒，输出预警信号以控制系统电源。It is characterized in that the atmospheric average electric field instrument includes an atmospheric sensor, a signal processing circuit, and a display system, which are used to provide a reminder of the approaching thunderstorm and output an early warning signal to control the system power supply.
其特征在于，所述快电场变化仪包括金属平板、积分电路、处理电路，用于探测雷击时快电场变化波形；所述慢电场变化仪包括金属平板、积分电路、处理电路，用于探测雷击时慢电场变化波形。It is characterized in that the fast electric field change instrument includes a metal plate, an integrating circuit, and a processing circuit for detecting the fast electric field change waveform during a lightning strike; the slow electric field changing instrument includes a metal plate, an integrating circuit, and a processing circuit for detecting a lightning strike Time-slow electric field variation waveform.
其特征在于，所述磁场测量仪包括正交矩形天线、信号处理电路，用于探测东西方向、南北方向磁场波形。It is characterized in that the magnetic field measuring instrument includes an orthogonal rectangular antenna and a signal processing circuit for detecting magnetic field waveforms in east-west direction and north-south direction.
其特征在于，所述阵列式雷声探测装置包括麦克风阵列、信号处理电路，用于将探测到的雷声信号转化为方便测量的电压信号。It is characterized in that the array type thunder detection device includes a microphone array and a signal processing circuit for converting the detected thunder signal into a voltage signal convenient for measurement.
其特征在于，所述高速数据存储记录仪包括高速数据采集卡、工控机，用于记录所有电学信号。It is characterized in that the high-speed data storage recorder includes a high-speed data acquisition card and an industrial computer for recording all electrical signals.
其特征在于，所述GPS授时装置包括GPS接收模块、高精度时钟模块、IRIG-B时钟信号模块、外部触发信号时间打码模块及I/O接口，GPS接收模块与GPS接收天线配接，GPS接收模块与高精度时钟信模块配连，高精度时钟信模块与IRIG-B时钟信号模块和外部触发信号时间打标模块配接，IRIG-B时钟信号模块和外部触发信号时间打标模块分别与I/O接口相连。It is characterized in that the GPS timing device includes a GPS receiving module, a high-precision clock module, an IRIG-B clock signal module, an external trigger signal time coding module and an I/O interface, the GPS receiving module is connected with the GPS receiving antenna, and the GPS The receiving module is connected with the high-precision clock signal module, and the high-precision clock signal module is connected with the IRIG-B clock signal module and the external trigger signal time marking module. The IRIG-B clock signal module and the external trigger signal time marking module are respectively connected with the The I/O interface is connected.
本发明具有的以下优点和积极效果：The present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1)本发明利用广域雷电定位系统雷暴活动趋势，大气电场仪雷暴来临短时预警，自动启动观测系统，减少观测设备持续带电时间，提高观测设备使用寿命。1) The present invention utilizes the thunderstorm activity trend of the wide-area lightning positioning system, and the atmospheric electric field instrument provides a short-term early warning of thunderstorms, automatically starts the observation system, reduces the continuous charging time of the observation equipment, and improves the service life of the observation equipment.
2)本发明所述采用基于GPS授时技术的同步方案，可实现每一帧高速摄像照片与电学、声学观测量数据之间高精度同步，有利于进一步深入开展雷击放电物理过程研究。2) The synchronization scheme based on GPS timing technology described in the present invention can realize high-precision synchronization between each frame of high-speed camera photos and electrical and acoustic observation data, which is conducive to further in-depth research on the physical process of lightning discharge.
3)本发明所述观测系统采用GPS授时装置授时，观测数据与广域雷电定位系统监测结果实现综合同步，实现观测结果的相互验证及辅助分析的目的。3) The observation system of the present invention adopts the GPS timing device for timing, and the observation data and the monitoring results of the wide-area lightning positioning system realize comprehensive synchronization, so as to realize the mutual verification and auxiliary analysis of the observation results.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1本发明的雷击放电综合同步观测系统结构框图Fig. 1 structural block diagram of lightning discharge comprehensive synchronous observation system of the present invention
图2本发明的雷击放电综合同步观测系统工作原理框图Figure 2 block diagram of the working principle of the integrated synchronous observation system for lightning strike discharge of the present invention
图3本发明的雷击放电综合同步观测系统采用的GPS授时装置原理框图Fig. 3 block diagram of the GPS timing device used in the lightning discharge comprehensive synchronous observation system of the present invention
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面，以具体实施例结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：Below, the present invention will be further described with specific embodiment in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1、图2所示，本发明提出的一种雷击放电综合同步观测方法，采用雷击放电综合同步观测系统，实现对雷击放电过程的高效率同步观测。其观测步骤如下：As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a lightning discharge comprehensive synchronous observation method proposed by the present invention adopts a lightning discharge comprehensive synchronous observation system to realize high-efficiency synchronous observation of the lightning discharge process. The observation steps are as follows:
1)雷击放电综合同步观测系统使用广域雷电定位系统1提供雷暴活动趋势，使用大气平均电场仪3提供雷暴来临提醒；1) The lightning discharge comprehensive synchronous observation system uses the wide-area lightning positioning system 1 to provide thunderstorm activity trends, and uses the atmospheric average electric field instrument 3 to provide thunderstorm reminders;
2)雷击放电综合同步观测系统采用GPS授时装置11输出交流B码信号给高速摄像装置4的时钟输入接口，在高速摄像装置4内部的时钟系统标示每帧照片的形成时间，GPS授时装置11同时接收来自闪电高速触发装置5的TTL电平信号，并输出TTL电平上升沿对应的准确时间t到PC机(或上位机或中心服务器)，由其应用软件进行记录，高速数据存储记录装置采用高速数据存储记录仪10记录TTL电平信号和电学、声学测量信号，根据TTL电平信号上升沿对应的时间t和采样数据点之间的时间间隔Δt，计算电学、声学测量信号的第n个点的准确时间为t+n·Δt，通过比对波形数据点准确时间和光学拍摄照片形成的准确时刻，实现获取观测雷击放电的各观测量。2) The comprehensive synchronous observation system for lightning discharge adopts the GPS timing device 11 to output the AC B code signal to the clock input interface of the high-speed camera device 4, and the clock system inside the high-speed camera device 4 marks the formation time of each frame of photos, and the GPS timing device 11 simultaneously Receive the TTL level signal from the lightning high-speed trigger device 5, and output the exact time t corresponding to the rising edge of the TTL level to the PC (or host computer or central server), and record it by its application software. The high-speed data storage and recording device adopts The high-speed data storage recorder 10 records TTL level signals and electrical and acoustic measurement signals, and calculates the nth electrical and acoustic measurement signals according to the time t corresponding to the rising edge of the TTL level signal and the time interval Δt between sampling data points The exact time of the point is t+n·Δt. By comparing the exact time of the waveform data point with the exact moment formed by the optical photo, the observations of the lightning discharge can be obtained.
本发明的方法在实施运用中的基本步骤是，当广域雷电定位系统1提示雷暴活动来临，同时大气平均电场仪3探测地面附近电场高于设定值时，由数据分析处理服务器2判断满足预设条件，自动启动系统电源，所有观测设备通电并进入预触发状态，闪电高速触发装置5接收到闪电发出的强光，输出TTL电平信号，触发所有观测记录设备并自动存储所有数据，通过判断大气平均电场仪3测量值是否大于设定停止工作阈值，若大于设定停止工作阈值，设备自动恢复预触发状态，等待下一次闪电触发，若小于设定停止工作阈值，所有观测设备停止工作，并断开电源。通过上述步骤实现对雷击放电过程的自动观测，同时减少观测设备带电工作时间，延长其使用寿命。The basic steps in the implementation of the method of the present invention are: when the wide-area lightning location system 1 prompts that thunderstorm activity is coming, and the atmospheric average electric field meter 3 detects that the electric field near the ground is higher than the set value, the data analysis and processing server 2 judges that the Preset conditions, automatically start the system power supply, power on all observation equipment and enter the pre-trigger state, the lightning high-speed trigger device 5 receives the strong light from the lightning, outputs a TTL level signal, triggers all observation and recording equipment and automatically stores all data, through Determine whether the measured value of the atmospheric average electric field meter 3 is greater than the set stop threshold. If it is greater than the set stop threshold, the device will automatically return to the pre-trigger state and wait for the next lightning trigger. If it is less than the set stop threshold, all observation equipment will stop working. , and disconnect the power. Through the above steps, the automatic observation of the lightning discharge process is realized, and at the same time, the live working time of the observation equipment is reduced, and the service life thereof is prolonged.
在进行同步观测时，当闪电高速触发装置5接收到闪电发出的强光，即时输出TTL电平信号。TTL电平信号用于触发高速数据存储记录仪10。由触发高速数据存储记录仪10存储并记录获取的快电场信号、慢电场信号、磁场信号、雷声信号，同时获取TTL电平信号上升沿与其他电学信号之间的相对时间关系；闪电高速触发装置5输出TTL电平至GPS授时装置11获取TTL信号上升沿对应的准确时间t，输出时间信号由PC机记录，根据TTL电平信号上升沿对应的时间t和电学波形数据点之间的时间间隔Δt，能够计算第n个数据点的准确时间为t+n·Δt；闪电高速触发装置5输出TTL电平信号同时用于触发高速摄像装置4拍摄存储照片，GPS授时装置11输出IRIG-B格式时间信号至高速摄像装置4，高速摄像装置4内部时钟系统标示出每帧照片形成的准确时间t1，通过比对波形数据点准确时间t+n·Δt和光学拍摄照片形成的准确时间t1，能够获得光学每帧照片形成时刻与波形数据点准确对应关系，同时可用准确时刻t查找广域雷电定位系统1测得的雷电流幅值、极性及回击次数等结果用于辅助分析；按照本发明的提出的观测方法进行雷击放观测，才能真正实现雷击放电综合观测系统高精度同步。During synchronous observation, when the lightning high-speed trigger device 5 receives the strong light from the lightning, it immediately outputs a TTL level signal. The TTL level signal is used to trigger the high-speed data storage recorder 10 . The fast electric field signal, slow electric field signal, magnetic field signal, and thunder signal are stored and recorded by the trigger high-speed data storage recorder 10, and the relative time relationship between the rising edge of the TTL level signal and other electrical signals is obtained at the same time; the lightning high-speed trigger The device 5 outputs the TTL level to the GPS timing device 11 to obtain the exact time t corresponding to the rising edge of the TTL signal, and the output time signal is recorded by the PC, according to the time t corresponding to the rising edge of the TTL level signal and the time between the electrical waveform data points The interval Δt, the accurate time that can calculate the nth data point is t+n·Δt; the lightning high-speed trigger device 5 outputs a TTL level signal and is used to trigger the high-speed camera device 4 to take and store photos, and the GPS timing device 11 outputs IRIG-B The format time signal is sent to the high-speed camera device 4, and the internal clock system of the high-speed camera device 4 marks the exact time t 1 of each frame of photo formation, by comparing the exact time t+n·Δt of the waveform data points with the exact time t of the optically taken photo 1. It is possible to obtain the exact corresponding relationship between the formation time of each frame of optical photos and the waveform data points, and at the same time, the accurate time t can be used to search for the lightning current amplitude, polarity and return times measured by the wide-area lightning positioning system 1 for auxiliary analysis; Only by observing the lightning discharge according to the observation method proposed by the present invention can the high-precision synchronization of the lightning discharge comprehensive observation system be truly realized.
上述的雷击放电综合同步观测系统，包括广域雷电定位系统1、数据分析处理服务器2、大气平均电场仪3、高速摄像装置4、闪电高速触发装置5、快电场变化仪6、慢电场变化仪7、磁场测量仪8、阵列式雷声探测装置9、高速数据存储记录仪10、GPS授时装置11及PC机。雷击放电综合同步观测系统配备了系统电源。其中，数据分析处理服务器2通过以太网网线与广域雷电定位系统1、大气平均电场仪3、高速摄像装置4相连接，闪电高速触发装置5与高速摄像装置4、高速数据存储记录仪10、GPS授时装置11相连接，在接收雷击放电发出的强光后输出TTL电平信号给所连接设备；高速数据存储记录仪10与闪电高速触发装置5、快电场变化仪6、慢电场变化仪7、磁场测量仪8、阵列式雷声探测装置9相连接，在接收到TTL电平信号后触发并记录触发信号、快电场波形、慢电场波形、磁场波形、雷声波形。广域雷电定位系统1包括雷电电磁波探测站、服务器及其应用软件，用于提供雷暴活动趋势图。大气平均电场仪3包括大气感应器、信号处理电路、显示系统，用于提供雷暴来临提醒，输出预警信号以控制系统电源。快电场变化仪6包括金属平板、积分电路、处理电路，用于探测雷击时快电场变化波形。慢电场变化仪7包括金属平板、积分电路、处理电路，用于探测雷击时慢电场变化波形。磁场测量仪8包括正交矩形天线、信号处理电路，用于探测东西方向、南北方向磁场波形。阵列式雷声探测装置9包括麦克风阵列、信号处理电路，用于将探测雷声信号转化为方便测量的电压信号。高速数据存储记录仪10包括高速数据采集卡、工控机，用于记录所有电学信号。The above-mentioned comprehensive synchronous observation system for lightning discharge includes a wide-area lightning positioning system 1, a data analysis and processing server 2, an atmospheric average electric field meter 3, a high-speed camera device 4, a lightning high-speed trigger device 5, a fast electric field changer 6, and a slow electric field changer 7. Magnetic field measuring instrument 8, array type thunder detection device 9, high-speed data storage recorder 10, GPS timing device 11 and PC. The lightning discharge integrated synchronous observation system is equipped with a system power supply. Wherein, the data analysis and processing server 2 is connected with the wide-area lightning positioning system 1, the atmospheric average electric field meter 3, and the high-speed camera device 4 through an Ethernet network cable, and the lightning high-speed trigger device 5 is connected with the high-speed camera device 4, the high-speed data storage recorder 10, The GPS timing device 11 is connected, and outputs TTL level signal to the connected equipment after receiving the strong light from the lightning discharge; the high-speed data storage recorder 10 is connected with the lightning high-speed trigger device 5, the fast electric field changer 6, and the slow electric field changer 7 , a magnetic field measuring instrument 8, and an array type thunder detection device 9 are connected to trigger and record the trigger signal, fast electric field waveform, slow electric field waveform, magnetic field waveform, and thunder waveform after receiving a TTL level signal. The wide-area lightning location system 1 includes a lightning electromagnetic wave detection station, a server and its application software, which are used to provide a thunderstorm activity trend map. The atmospheric average electric field instrument 3 includes an atmospheric sensor, a signal processing circuit, and a display system, which are used to provide reminders of thunderstorms and output early warning signals to control system power. The fast electric field variation instrument 6 includes a metal plate, an integrating circuit, and a processing circuit for detecting fast electric field variation waveforms during lightning strikes. The slow electric field variation instrument 7 includes a metal plate, an integrating circuit, and a processing circuit, and is used for detecting slow electric field variation waveforms during lightning strikes. The magnetic field measuring instrument 8 includes an orthogonal rectangular antenna and a signal processing circuit for detecting magnetic field waveforms in east-west and north-south directions. The array thunder detection device 9 includes a microphone array and a signal processing circuit for converting the detection thunder signal into a voltage signal convenient for measurement. The high-speed data storage recorder 10 includes a high-speed data acquisition card and an industrial computer for recording all electrical signals.
如图3所示，GPS授时装置11包括GPS接收模块11.2、高精度时钟模块11.3、IRIG-B时钟信号模块11.4、外部触发信号时间打码模块11.5及I/O接口11.6，用于接收GPS卫星信号并输出精确的IRIG-B格式调幅时间信号，接收TTL电平信号并输出电平信号上升沿对应时间信息。GPS接收模块11.2与GPS接收天线11.1配接，GPS接收天线11.1接收空间电磁波形信号，由GPS接收模块11.2解析信号输出秒级脉冲信号，GPS接收模块112与高精度时钟信模块11.3配连，由高精度时钟模块11.3实现输出高精度、高稳定性时钟信号，高精度时钟信模块11.3与IRIG-B时钟信号模块11.4和外部触发信号时间打标模块11.5配接。IRIG-B时钟信号模块11.4输出标准IRIG-B格式信号，并通过I/O接口11.6与高速摄像装置4的时钟信号接口相连，外部触发信号时间打标模块11.5与I/O接口相连。外部触发信号时间打标模块11.5接收外部输入TTL电平信号，输出信号上升沿对应的打标时间信号给PC机。As shown in Figure 3, the GPS timing device 11 includes a GPS receiving module 11.2, a high-precision clock module 11.3, an IRIG-B clock signal module 11.4, an external trigger signal time coding module 11.5 and an I/O interface 11.6 for receiving GPS satellites Signal and output accurate IRIG-B format AM time signal, receive TTL level signal and output the time information corresponding to the rising edge of the level signal. The GPS receiving module 11.2 is connected with the GPS receiving antenna 11.1, and the GPS receiving antenna 11.1 receives the space electromagnetic waveform signal, and the GPS receiving module 11.2 analyzes the signal to output a second-level pulse signal, and the GPS receiving module 112 is connected with the high-precision clock signal module 11.3. The high-precision clock module 11.3 realizes the output of high-precision and high-stability clock signals, and the high-precision clock signal module 11.3 is connected with the IRIG-B clock signal module 11.4 and the external trigger signal time marking module 11.5. The IRIG-B clock signal module 11.4 outputs a standard IRIG-B format signal, and is connected to the clock signal interface of the high-speed camera 4 through the I/O interface 11.6, and the external trigger signal time marking module 11.5 is connected to the I/O interface. The external trigger signal time marking module 11.5 receives the external input TTL level signal, and outputs the marking time signal corresponding to the rising edge of the signal to the PC.
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