CN1488949A - Rapid electric field change detecting instrument - Google Patents
Rapid electric field change detecting instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN1488949A CN1488949A CNA021394733A CN02139473A CN1488949A CN 1488949 A CN1488949 A CN 1488949A CN A021394733 A CNA021394733 A CN A021394733A CN 02139473 A CN02139473 A CN 02139473A CN 1488949 A CN1488949 A CN 1488949A
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Abstract
The detection instrument comprises plate aerial and the circuit for detecting quick change of electric field. The signal of the plate aerial is connected to the detecting circuit. The detecting circuit comprises a quick charging circuit and a slow discharge circuit, the two circuits have high ratio of time constant and wider frequency ranges. Thus, it is possible to measure signals in electromagnetic field or electric field with quick change and wide variation range. The invention provides a breakthrough exploration means for researching electromagnetic radiation, discharging energy, channel current and lightning protection of lightning discharge. The invention is also applicable to exploration of radiation field generated from electromagnetic pulse of nuclear explosion, providing important application foreground in national defense.
Description
Technical field
Type of the present invention relates to a kind of fast electric field change detection instrument, especially a kind ofly is applicable to that lightning and nuclear blast change the fast electric field change detection instrument of electromagnetic pulse fast.
Background technology
Lightning is a kind of rapid discharge phenomenon that very big randomness is all arranged on time and space.Lightning divides cloud to dodge again and ground dodges, and cloud dodges and refers to intracloud discharge, and it then is cloud discharge over the ground that ground dodges.The high-voltage large current that is produced that sparks in the Strong Thunderstorm process has constituted direct or indirect very big threat to people, the electromagnetic impulse of single step of releasing electric radiation has very wide frequency spectrum, can be from direct current to the hundreds of megahertz, the electric current of discharge generation generally at several kA to hundreds of kA scope, to forest, oil depot, there is very strong direct destructive power in field such as ultra-high-tension power transmission line and transportation by railroad, its strong electromagnetic wave radiation (being commonly called as the induction thunder) is to aviation, space flight, serious interference can be caused based on all devices or the facility of microelectronic component in fields such as communication and traffic, to such an extent as to cause destructive damage.Have only and grasp and understand discharge the over the ground electric field change fine structure of the high time resolution that produced of lightning, study its generation, the rule of development, could prevent or reduce the harm that lightning causes the mankind effectively.
The duration of a general lightning discharge is not waited by several seconds from tens microseconds, and some has only microsecond even submicrosecond magnitude its electron discharge process, is difficult to catch with conventional observation method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for a kind of fast electric field change detection instrument is provided, this detection instrument is caught the quick electric field change signal that lightning discharge produces effectively in very wide band limits, can accurately measure the quick variation radiation field intensity that lightning discharge produces, for electric current and the lightning energy that calculates the inverting lightning channel provides a kind of breakthrough detection means.This detection instrument can also be caught the quick variation pulse of electromagnetic radiation that nuclear tests and simulated-nuclear explosion are produced effectively, also is the important means of further studying lightning and nuclear blast electromagnetic pulse waveform difference.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure:
A kind of fast electric field change detection instrument, this detection instrument comprises:
One plate aerial; Be placed in the changing electric field, be equivalent to capacity plate antenna; And
One fast electric field change detection circuit, the electric field signal of this plate aerial induction links to each other with this circuit; This circuit comprises a charging quickly circuit and a slow discharge circuit; The charging capacitor and the discharge capacity of charging quickly circuit and slow discharge circuit are same electric capacity; Wherein the ratio of the charging rate of the discharge time constant of slow discharge circuit and charging quickly circuit is more than or equal to 4 * 10
4
Described charging quickly circuit is made up of input resistance Ri, operational amplifier IC and charge and discharge capacitance C; Wherein input resistance Ri links to each other with the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC, between the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC and output terminal and be connected to charge and discharge capacitance C.
Described slow discharge circuit is made up of discharge resistance R, operational amplifier IC and charge and discharge capacitance C, between the inverting input of operational amplifier IC and output terminal and be connected to charge and discharge capacitance C and discharge resistance R.
The discharge time constant of described slow discharge circuit is 2ms.
Described plate aerial comprises tablet, ground connection flat board, insulated column and supporting seat; Wherein tablet is fixed in the ground connection flat board, and is fixed on the supported seat by insulated column.
Described fast electric field change detection circuit also comprises the signal record storage circuit.
The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology:
1, the present invention comprises a charging quickly and the special circuit of discharge slowly, this two circuit to discharge and recharge time constant ratio big, thereby its response speed is fast, applicable to the measurement of the signal of fast-changing electric field.
2, the novel structure of antenna of the present invention; Tablet is embedded in the central authorities of grounded metal flat board, can prevent the interference of 50Hz, and can distortionless detection from the radiation field intensity of any direction electromagnetic impulse in space.
3, circuit structure of the present invention has the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance, and its input/output signal is undistorted.
4, the present invention be applicable to strong wind, heavy rain, hail, low temperature, low pressure, the quick electric field change of inferior any rugged surroundings survey.
5, the time constant of the present invention's foundation can accurately be measured the quick electric field change detailed structure that lightning discharge and simulation nuclear blast electromagnetic pulse etc. produce, and comprises overall process and each electron discharge process of a simulated-nuclear explosion electromagnetic pulse and a lightning.
6, the present invention has the frequency span of the above broad of 5MHz, measuring-signal dynamic range 0-± 12V, and the counterattack electric current of the electromagnetic radiation energy of inverting lightning and time function more exactly is for lightning protection provides significant data.
7, the present invention is a kind of important means of measuring natural lightning and manual activation lightning discharge process fine structure, is the research cloud indispensable exact instrument of discharge mechanism over the ground.
8, investigative range of the present invention is 2500 square kilometres.
9, the present invention has characteristics such as circuit structure is simple, with low cost, easy fitting operation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention
1-metal plate induction antenna 2-antenna supporting seat 3-grounded metal flat board
4-gang socket 5-concentric cable 6-signal plug 7-accessory power outlet
8-detection instrument cabinet 9-monitoring gauge outfit 10-pilot lamp 11-power switch
12-monitoring switch 13-digitized record equipment
Fig. 2 is the fast electric field change detection circuit of a present invention schematic diagram
Concrete embodiment
The present invention also in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1,2 embodiment be further elaborated:
With reference to Fig. 1, fast electric field change detection instrument is made up of plate aerial and fast electric field detecting circuit.Plate aerial comprises induction flat board 1, supporting seat 2, ground connection flat board 3; Wherein antenna induction flat board 1 is embedded in dull and stereotyped 3 central authorities of grounded metal, is fixed on the antenna supporting seat 2 by insulated column, and tablet 1 is connected with accessory power outlet 4 on the supporting seat 2, and accessory power outlet 4 passes through coaxial wire 5 and links to each other with detection instrument signal plug 6.Detection instrument signal plug 6 links to each other with fast electric field change detection circuit.With reference to Fig. 2, described fast electric field change detection circuit comprises a charging quickly circuit and a slow discharge circuit; The charging capacitor and the discharge capacity of charging quickly circuit and slow discharge circuit are same electric capacity; Wherein the ratio of the charging rate of the discharge time constant of slow discharge circuit and charging quickly circuit is more than or equal to 4 * 10
4Described charging quickly circuit is made up of input resistance Ri, operational amplifier IC and charge and discharge capacitance C; Wherein input resistance Ri links to each other with the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC, between the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC and output terminal and be connected to charge and discharge capacitance C.Described slow discharge circuit is made up of discharge resistance R, operational amplifier IC and charge and discharge capacitance C, between the inverting input of operational amplifier IC and output terminal and be connected to charge and discharge capacitance C and discharge resistance R.The output terminal of operational amplifier IC is connected with accessory power outlet 7 and pull-up resistor by output resistance Ro again, the generating positive and negative voltage end+V of power supply output and the-V circuit supply to detection instrument.Signal accessory power outlet 7 output signals link to each other with digitized record equipment 13.
K on the detection instrument cabinet 8 is a single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), and the center-side of switch 12 connects the anode of voltmeter head 9 (U) by a current-limiting resistance; One termination+V power supply; Another termination-V power supply, an other end ground connection (U), with monitoring in the detection instrument ± whether the V power supply normal, LED joins with the indication operating voltage with-V power supply.
The detection circuit principle of detection instrument is as follows: metal plate antenna 1 is exposed among the electric field E of variation, and equivalence is a plate condenser, the charge Q=EA ε of plate aerial 1 induction
0, the fast current signal i=dQ/dt=AdE ε that changes of the lightning of induction
0/ dt (when CiRi＜＜RC), through output voltage V behind the integrating circuit
0=Δ EA ε
0/ C, wherein E is an electric field intensity; A is an antenna area; ε
0Be dielectric constant of air; C is an integrating capacitor; Ci is an input capacitance; Ri is an input resistance.
The lightning of antenna induction fight back current signal through concentric cable and Ri resistance to the C rapid charge, charging rate is RiC, after signal was charged to maximal value, the discharge circuit of being made up of R, C, IC discharged to R, discharge time constant is RC.Because of a cloud discharges over the ground and can produce one to tens counterattacks, and lightning duration of fighting back from tens microseconds to several milliseconds, for the waveform of the quick changing electric field of accurately measuring the lightning counterattack, choose discharge time constant RC=2ms.The speed of detection instrument response signal determines that by time constant RiC and its parameters such as frequency response RiC is more little and the speed wide more response signal of bandwidth is fast more.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of fast electric field change detection instrument, this detection instrument comprises:
One plate aerial; Be placed in the changing electric field, be equivalent to capacity plate antenna; And
One fast electric field change detection circuit, the electric field signal of this plate aerial induction links to each other with this circuit; This circuit comprises a charging quickly circuit and a slow discharge circuit; The charging capacitor and the discharge capacity of charging quickly circuit and slow discharge circuit are same electric capacity; Wherein the ratio of the charging rate of the discharge time constant of slow discharge circuit and charging quickly circuit is more than or equal to 4 * 10
4
2, fast electric field change detection instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described charging quickly circuit is made up of input resistance Ri, operational amplifier IC and charge and discharge capacitance C; Wherein input resistance Ri links to each other with the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC, between the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC and output terminal and be connected to charge and discharge capacitance C.
3, fast electric field change detection instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described slow discharge circuit is made up of discharge resistance R, operational amplifier IC and charge and discharge capacitance C, between the inverting input of operational amplifier IC and output terminal and be connected to charge and discharge capacitance C and discharge resistance R.
4, fast electric field change detection instrument as claimed in claim 1, the discharge time constant that it is characterized in that described slow discharge circuit is 2ms.
5, fast electric field change detection instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described plate aerial comprises tablet, ground connection flat board, insulated column and supporting seat; Wherein tablet is fixed in the ground connection flat board, and is fixed on the supported seat by insulated column.
6, fast electric field change detection instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described fast electric field change detection circuit also comprises the signal record storage circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021394733A CN100394203C (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2002-10-11 | Rapid electric field change detecting instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021394733A CN100394203C (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2002-10-11 | Rapid electric field change detecting instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1488949A true CN1488949A (en) | 2004-04-14 |
| CN100394203C CN100394203C (en) | 2008-06-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021394733A Expired - Fee Related CN100394203C (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2002-10-11 | Rapid electric field change detecting instrument |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102565553A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-11 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Unattended measuring apparatus of electric field real-time change rate |
| CN102621414A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-08-01 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Method and system for comprehensively and synchronously observing lightning stroke discharge |
| CN103543341A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-29 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Lightning fast-slow electric field change measurement antenna capable of preventing raindrops from carrying electricity |
| CN104914320A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-16 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Electromagnetic coupling comprehensive detection device |
| CN106645994A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Electric field change measurement device and method |
| CN107918062A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-17 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of transient state spatial electronic field measurement system and method for wide frequency domain |
| CN109342835A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-02-15 | 云南频谱通信网络有限公司 | A kind of atmospheric electric field static monitoring techniques method |
| CN113933913A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Oil tank thunder and lightning early warning device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL1001035C2 (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1997-02-25 | Heide Beheer B V V D | Device for recording lightning strikes. |
| US5977762A (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-11-02 | Mirage Lighting Technology Ltd | Lightning detection apparatus and methodology |
| GB9825435D0 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 1999-01-13 | Philipp Harald | Charge transfer capacitance measurement circuit |
| CN2488071Y (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2002-04-24 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Measurer for change of lightning slow electric field |
-
2002
- 2002-10-11 CN CNB021394733A patent/CN100394203C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102565553B (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-09-25 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Unattended measuring apparatus of electric field real-time change rate |
| CN102565553A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-11 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Unattended measuring apparatus of electric field real-time change rate |
| CN102621414B (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2015-04-15 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Method and system for comprehensively and synchronously observing lightning stroke discharge |
| CN102621414A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-08-01 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Method and system for comprehensively and synchronously observing lightning stroke discharge |
| CN103543341B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | The lightning fast the slow electric field change measurement antenna that anti-raindrop is charged |
| CN103543341A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-29 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Lightning fast-slow electric field change measurement antenna capable of preventing raindrops from carrying electricity |
| CN104914320A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-16 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Electromagnetic coupling comprehensive detection device |
| CN104914320B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2018-06-19 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | A kind of electromagnetic coupling comprehensive survey device |
| CN106645994A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Electric field change measurement device and method |
| CN106645994B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2019-02-19 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Electric field change measuring device and method |
| CN107918062A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-17 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of transient state spatial electronic field measurement system and method for wide frequency domain |
| CN107918062B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2021-02-05 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Wide-frequency-domain transient space electric field measurement system and method |
| CN109342835A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-02-15 | 云南频谱通信网络有限公司 | A kind of atmospheric electric field static monitoring techniques method |
| CN113933913A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Oil tank thunder and lightning early warning device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100394203C (en) | 2008-06-11 |
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Granted publication date: 20080611 Termination date: 20111011 |