CN102615221B - Radial and axial rolling forming method for large-sized double-groove ring piece - Google Patents
Radial and axial rolling forming method for large-sized double-groove ring piece Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention relates to a radial and axial rolling forming method for a large-sized double-groove ring piece. The method mainly comprises the following steps: (1), manufacturing blanks: uniformly heating the bar section to the hot forging deformation temperature, unsetting, piercing and punching the hot material section on a press to manufacture ring piece blanks, wherein the size of each ring piece blank is determined according to the ring piece size, the rolling ratio and the radial and axial feeding quantity ratio; (2), designing a rolling hole shape, wherein the rolling hole shape consists of a driving roller working surface and a core roller working surface and the size of the driving roller working surface and the core roller working surface is determined according to the rolling linear velocity, the equipment parameters, the rolling deformation condition, the size of the ring piece blank and the size of the ring piece; and (3), rolling and forming: placing the ring piece blank on a ring rolling machine and rolling, wherein the rolling process is controlled by reasonably distributing feeding speed and feeding quantity according to three stages of prerolling, primary rolling and shaping rolling and the rolling process is finished when the outer diameter of the ring piece reaches the preset value. The method has the characteristics of high production efficiency, low production cost and high product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a radial and axial rolling forming method for a large double-groove ring piece.
Background
The large double-groove ring with the diameter of more than 1 meter and the inner surface provided with the symmetrical grooves is used as a rotary supporting ring, a large bearing ring and the like, and is widely applied to engineering machinery, port machinery, wind power generation equipment and the like. The ring piece has severe working conditions, can bear low temperature, heavy load, high impact and the like for a long time, and has higher requirements on the performance and the service life. The radial and axial rolling (shown in figure 1) of the ring piece is an advanced plastic processing technology for producing the large ring piece, and the high-quality large ring piece with high geometric precision and good structure performance can be obtained in a short time through continuous local plastic deformation. However, the radial and axial rolling process of the ring is a complex deformation process under the coupling action of multiple process parameters, the design of the rolling process parameters and the control of the process are difficult, and particularly for rolling the ring with the special-shaped section, the design of the process parameters or the control of the process are unreasonable, so that when the diameter of the ring meets the size requirement, the section profile cannot be filled, even the rolling process is unstable, rolling defects are formed, and the waste rate and the defective rate are high. Therefore, most of the large-sized ring pieces with special-shaped cross sections are rolled into ring pieces with rectangular cross sections in the radial and axial directions, and then cross section profiles are machined, namely the large-sized double-groove ring pieces. The grooves are machined through mechanical cutting, the loss of cutting materials and the consumption of machining working hours are large, the machining precision of the two grooves is difficult to keep consistent, the streamline distribution of the metal of the ring is damaged through the cutting, the mechanical performance of the ring is reduced, and therefore the production efficiency is low, the cost is high, and the quality and the service life are difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages, the present invention provides a radial and axial rolling forming method for a large double-groove cross-section ring, which can realize direct rolling forming from a rectangular cross-section ring blank into a double-groove ring by reasonably designing rolling process parameters and optimizing the rolling process, thereby significantly reducing groove cutting material and labor consumption, obtaining better metal streamline distribution, improving production efficiency and product quality, and reducing production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the radial and axial rolling forming method of the large double-groove cross-section ring piece (hereinafter referred to as the ring piece) comprises the following implementation steps:
(1) blank preparation: uniformly heating the bar material section from room temperature to a hot forging deformation temperature, and then upsetting, punching and punching the hot material section on a press machine to prepare the ring blank for rolling. The ring blank is sized as follows
1) Calculating the volume and cross-sectional area of the ring
Ring bodyProduct of large quantitiesCalculated by the following formula
Wherein,is the ring width;、the inner radius and the outer radius of the ring piece are respectively;is the ring groove radius;is the central angle of the cross section of the groove.
Cross sectional area of ringCalculated by the following formula
WhereinIs the ring wall thickness.
2) Determination of the Rolling ratio
Rolling ratioIs the sectional area of ring blankAnd ring cross-sectional areaThe ratio of the rolling ratio to the deformation of the ring blank reflects the rolling deformation degree of the ring blank, and the larger the rolling ratio is, the larger the deformation amount of the ring blank is. The rolling ratio is too small, and the ring blank cannot be deformed sufficiently to obtain fine and uniformly distributed grain structures; the rolling ratio is too large, and the ring blank is easy to generate internal damage, cracks and other tissue defects due to excessive deformation. For radial and axial rolling of large double groove rings,the value is generally 2.5 to 4.
3) Determining a ratio of radial to axial feed
In the rolling process of the ring blank, the radial wall thickness and the axial height of the ring blank are reduced at the same time, and the reasonable distribution of radial and axial deformation is very important for the stability of the rolling process and the geometric precision of the formed ring. For radial and axial rolling of large double-groove ring piece, ratio of radial and axial feeding amountsCan be determined as follows:
wherein,、respectively radial and axial total feed of ring rolling,、the wall thickness and height of the ring blank.
4) Determining wall thickness and height of ring blank
According to rolling ratioRadial and axial feed ratioThe wall thickness of the ring blank can be determinedAnd heightIs composed of
，
5) Determining the inner and outer radii of the ring blank
According to the wall thickness of the blankHeight, heightAnd ring volumeCombining the principle of unchanged volume of plastic deformation, the outer radius of the ring blank can be determinedInner radius ofIs composed of
，
(2) Designing a rolling pass: the rolling pass consists of a driving roll face and a core roll face. The working surface of the driving roller is a cylindrical surface, the working surface of the core roller is formed by combining the cylindrical surface and two groove spherical surfaces, and the driving roller and the core roller are structurally shown in figure 4. The drive roll and core roll face dimensions are determined as follows:
1) determining drive roller face radius and width
In order to ensure the stable rolling forming of the ring piece, the linear speed of the driving rollerUsually 1.1-1.3 m/s, based on the linear velocity of the driving rollerDrive roller face radius determinationWhereinin order to drive the rotational speed of the roller,the number of revolutions of the motor is,in order to achieve the above-mentioned transmission ratio,、determined by the device parameters. Width of working surface of driving roller
2) Determining core roller groove ball size
The core roller groove ball is used for forming the ring groove, the size of which corresponds to the size of the ring groove, and the following can be determined
，，，
Wherein,、respectively the depth and the width of the groove of the ring piece,、、、respectively, the core roller groove ball depth, height, radius and section central angle.
3) Determining core roller groove spherical radius and width
In order to ensure that the ring blank generates continuous rolling deformation in the radial hole type, the radius of the working surface of the driving roller and the spherical radius of the core roller groove meet the following conditions.
In the formula,the radius of the spherical surface of the core roller groove;in order to be the angle of friction,is the coefficient of friction. In order to ensure that the core roller can smoothly penetrate into the inner hole of the ring blank for rolling, the maximum working surface radius of the core roller is generally ensured. The radius of the spherical surface of the core roller groove can be determined to be within the range of
Thereby determining the radius of the cylindrical surface of the core roll as. According to the geometric relation, the axial width of each working face of the core roller can be determined as
，，
(3) Rolling and forming: and (3) putting the prepared ring blank on a ring rolling machine for rolling, wherein the rolling process is controlled according to three stages of pre-rolling, main rolling and shaping rolling. In the pre-rolling stage, the core roller and the upper conical roller are controlled to feed slowly along the radial direction and the axial direction respectively, and the wall thickness difference and the height difference generated by forging and blank making are gradually eliminated; in the main rolling stage, the equipment capacity is fully utilized, and the core roller and the upper conical roller are controlled to feed along the radial direction and the axial direction respectively and quickly, so that the ring piece is deformed fully; and in the shaping rolling stage, when the outer diameter distance of the ring piece is 100-200 mm, controlling the core roller and the upper conical roller to slowly feed along the radial direction and the axial direction respectively, eliminating the wall thickness difference and the ovality generated by the deformation of the ring piece, keeping the ring piece to slowly grow up, stopping feeding along the radial direction and the axial direction when the measured outer diameter of the ring piece reaches a preset value, and finishing the rolling process. In the rolling process, the control curve of the feeding speed and the feeding amount at each stage is shown in fig. 5, and each parameter in the control curve is determined as follows:
radial feed rate:，，
radial feed amount:，，，
axial feed rate:，，
axial feed amount:，，，
wherein,
the minimum feed speed required to produce the rolling deformation of the ring,。
the invention adopts the ring radial and axial rolling process to process the large double-groove ring, realizes the direct rolling and forming of the double-groove ring from the rectangular ring blank by designing the ring blank and the rolling pass in total and controlling the rolling process, reduces the consumption of materials and processing working hours, improves the metal streamline distribution of the ring, improves the production efficiency and the product quality and reduces the production cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of radial and axial rolling of a ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
1-driving roller, 2-core roller, 3-guide roller, 4-ring blank, 5-upper conical roller, 6-lower conical roller and 7-measuring roller;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a ring blank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drive roller work surface configuration view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a core roll work surface configuration view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a radial feed rate and radial feed rate control graph for ring rolling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, a pre-rolling stage, a main rolling stage and a shaping rolling stage are adopted;
FIG. 7 is a control graph of axial feeding amount and axial feeding speed in ring rolling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, a pre-rolling stage, a main rolling stage and a shaping rolling stage are adopted.
Detailed Description
Such as byThe large double-groove ring (ring for short) shown in fig. 2 is an implementation object, and the geometric dimensions of the ring are as follows: outer radius1050mm, inner radius944 and widthIs 178mm,40.25mm,18.5mm, central angle of grooveIs composed ofRadius of arc of grooveIs 20mm, the depth of the grooveIs 17mm, the width of the grooveIs 39.5 mm. The radial and axial rolling forming method is realized by the following steps:
1) blank preparation: uniformly heating the bar material section from room temperature to a hot forging deformation temperature, and then upsetting, punching and punching the hot material section on a press machine to prepare the ring blank 4 for rolling. According to the ring blank 4 size design method, the rolling ratio is takenTo 3.5, the ring blank 4 was determined to have dimensions: outer radius409.51mm, inner radius162.87mm in width251.63 mm. (shown in FIG. 3).
2) Designing a rolling pass: taking rolling line speedAt 1.2m/s, the rolling pass was designed according to the rolling pass design method with the structure shown in FIG. 4, wherein: radius of working surface of drive roller 1Is 350mm in widthIs 178 mm; core roller 2 groove ball depthIs 17mm, and the width of the groove ball39.5mm, central angle of the gutter ballIs composed ofRadius of ball of groove20mm, 2 groove spherical surface radius of the core roller150mm, cylinder face radius133mm, width of the core roll 2Is 178mm,113.88mm,18.5mm,Is 40.25 mm.
3) Rolling and forming: and (3) placing the ring blank 4 which is manufactured according to the size on a ring rolling machine for rolling, wherein the rolling process is controlled according to three stages of pre-rolling, main rolling and shaping rolling. The radial and axial feed rates and feed rates at each stage of the rolling process are controlled according to the curves shown in fig. 6, wherein: pre-rolling stage, radial and axial feed rates、0.65mm/s and 0.38mm/s, respectively, and the radial and axial feed amounts、Respectively 6.18mm and 3.68 mm; main rolling stage, radial and axial feed rate、3.78mm/s and 2.24mm/s, respectively, and the radial and axial feed rates、105.09mm and 62.59mm respectively; shaping rolling stage, radial and axial feed rates、0.54mm/s and 0.32mm/s, respectively, and the radial and axial feed amounts、12.36mm and 7.36mm respectively. When the outer diameter of the ring member measured by the measuring roll 7 reaches a preset value, the feeding is stopped in the radial direction and the axial direction, and the rolling process is finished.
Claims (1)
1. A radial and axial rolling forming method for a large inner double-groove ring piece comprises the following implementation steps:
(1) blank preparation: uniformly heating the bar material section from room temperature to a hot forging deformation temperature, then upsetting, punching and punching the hot material section on a press machine to prepare a ring blank for rolling, wherein the size of the ring blank is determined according to the following steps
1) Calculating the volume and cross-sectional area of the ring
The ring volume is determined by
Wherein,is the ring width;、the inner radius and the outer radius of the ring piece are respectively;is the ring groove radius;is a groove section central angle;
cross sectional area of ringDetermined by the following formula
WhereinThe wall thickness of the ring part;
2) determination of the Rolling ratio
Rolling ratioIs the sectional area of ring blankAnd ring cross-sectional areaRatio of rolling to rollingThe value is 2.5-4;
3) determining a ratio of radial to axial feed
Ratio of radial to axial feedDetermined as follows:
wherein,、respectively radial and axial total feed of ring rolling,、the wall thickness and the height of the ring blank,the depth of the ring groove is taken as the depth of the ring groove;
4) determining wall thickness and height of ring blank
According to rolling ratioRadial and axial feed ratioDetermining the wall thickness of the ring blankAnd heightIs composed of
，
5) Determining the inner and outer radii of the ring blank
According to the wall thickness of the blankHeight, heightAnd ring volumeDetermining the outer radius of the ring blank by combining the principle of unchanged volume of plastic deformationInner radius ofIs composed of
，
(2) Designing a rolling pass: the rolling pass consists of a driving roller working surface and a core roller working surface, the driving roller working surface is a cylindrical surface, the core roller working surface is formed by combining the cylindrical surface and two groove spherical surfaces, and the sizes of the driving roller working surface and the core roller working surface are determined according to the following steps:
1) determining drive roller face radius and width
Linear velocity of drive rollerTaking 1.1-1.3 m/s, and driving the roller according to the linear velocityDetermining drive roller face radiusWhereinin order to drive the rotational speed of the roller,the number of revolutions of the motor is,for gear ratio, motor speedTransmission ratio ofDrive roll face width determined by machine parameters
2) Determining core roller groove ball size
The core roller groove ball is used for forming the ring groove, the size of the core roller groove ball corresponds to that of the ring groove, and the size is determined according to the following formula
，，，
Wherein,、respectively the depth and the width of the groove of the ring piece,、、、the depth, height, radius and section central angle of the core roller groove ball are respectively;
3) determining core roller groove spherical radius and width
The radius of the working surface of the driving roller and the spherical radius of the core roller groove satisfy the following formula
In the formula,the radius of the spherical surface of the core roller groove;in order to be the angle of friction,the maximum working surface radius of the core roller is satisfied by the friction coefficientDetermining the value range of the spherical surface radius of the core roller groove according to the conditions as
Thereby determining the radius of the cylindrical surface of the core roll to beDetermining the axial width of each section of the working surface of the core roller as
，，
Wherein, B1aIs the axial distance from the groove on the ring to the upper end face of the ring, B1bThe axial distance between the upper groove and the lower groove of the ring piece is defined;
(3) rolling and forming: putting the prepared ring blank on a ring rolling machine for rolling, wherein the rolling process is controlled according to three stages of pre-rolling, main rolling and shaping rolling; in the pre-rolling stage, the core roller and the upper conical roller are controlled to be respectivelyRadial and axial feed, pre-rolling radial feed ratePre-rolling radial feedPre-rolling axial feed ratePre-rolling axial feedGradually eliminating the wall thickness difference and the height difference generated by forging blank making; in the main rolling stage, the core roller and the upper conical roller are controlled to respectively feed along the radial direction and the axial direction, and the radial feeding speed of the main rollingRadial feed of main rollingMain rolling axial feed speedAxial feed of main rollingFully deforming the ring piece; in the shaping rolling stage, when the outer diameter distance of the ring piece is 100-200 mm, controlling the core roller and the upper conical roller to respectively feed along the radial direction and the axial direction, and controlling the radial feeding speed of the shaping rollingRadial feed of shaping rollingAxial feed rate of shaping rollingAxial feed of shaping rollingEliminating wall thickness difference and ovality generated by ring deformation, keeping the ring to grow slowly, stopping feeding in the radial direction and the axial direction when the outer diameter of the ring measured by the measuring roller reaches a preset value, finishing the rolling process,
whereinThe minimum feed speed required to produce the rolling deformation of the ring,。
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