CN102612457A - 载重车辆 - Google Patents
载重车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
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- B62D53/02—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains comprising a uniaxle tractor unit and a uniaxle trailer unit
- B62D53/025—Comprising a transmission shaft passing through the coupling joints
- B62D53/026—With all wheels powered
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract
一种铰接转向载重车辆(1),具有通过转向接头(10)连接到后部(3)的前部(2),其中,前部(2)包括第一动力发动机(12)和至少一个前从动轮对(5、5’),并且,后部(3)包括载荷容纳装置(6)和至少两个从动轮对(7、7’;8、8’)。后部上的所述至少两个从动轮对(7、7’;8、8’)中的第二轮对(8、8’)转向地连接到后部。本发明还涉及用于驱动这种载重车辆的系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铰接转向载重车辆,该载重车辆具有通过转向接头连接到后部的前部,其中,前部包括第一动力发动机和设置在前轮轴上的至少一个前从动轮对,以及,后部包括载荷容纳装置和至少两个从动轮对,所述至少两个从动轮对包括设置在第一轮轴上的第一轮对和设置在第二轮轴上的第二轮对。
背景技术
从WO2009/108089 A1在先已知这种铰接转向载重车辆。该文献涉及一种混合动力型铰接转向载重车辆,其中,安装在前部的内燃发动机通过发电机为前轮对和设置在后部上的两个从动轮对提供动力,其中,这两个从动轮对设置在转向架构造中。
与具有一个从动前轮对和在后部上仅具有一个从动轮对的铰接转向载重车辆相比,先前已知的车辆通过这种结构一方面具有更大的载重能力,另一方面具有增强的推进能力。
然而,根据WO2009/108089 A1的载重车辆在使用和操纵性能方面受到限制。
作为用于在具有大载荷的情况下上坡行驶期间提高运输速度的背景技术的示例为:传动系统中的增大的动力,即,增大的发动机动力,传动装置和传动系的提高的性能。然而,先前已知的方案给出了增大的车辆尺寸,尤其是轮的尺寸。除用于车辆的传动齿轮和底盘结构的附加成本以及轮的成本之外,由此增加了对增大的隧道的尺寸的需求,其中,车辆要在由此产生的所有经济后果的情况下行驶,例如对于用于隧道行驶的增加的成本的需要。
SE 465 771、DE 10005527和SE 509 847是代表背景技术的文献的另外的示例。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种经济上可生产的、如上所述类型的铰接转向载重车辆,所述铰接转向载重车辆在大载荷能力期间具有良好的驾驶性能和灵活性。
该目的在如上所述的载重车辆中获得,其中,就转向而言,通常定位在后部最后方的第二轮对转向地连接到后部,第二轮对通过电动马达装置被电动地马达驱动,第二动力发动机设置成通过电动发电机为所述电动马达装置供应动力,并且第二动力发动机和相关的电动发电机设置在后部中。其中“就转向而言”在此是指用于车辆的转弯目的的转向。
因此,特别对于旨在用于地面以下的矿区的铰接转向载重车辆而言获得极大的优点,其中非常重要的是:带有尽可能大的负载能力的载重车辆能够在尽可能狭窄的隧道和廊道中尽可能平稳地行驶。
特别地,本发明对于上坡行驶是有利的,这是因为根据本发明的车辆能够在较陡峭的斜坡上行驶。这使得可以将隧道整平为具有较大的倾斜角度,这是极大的经济优点,因为由此能够为矿区或地下建筑工程整平总体较短的隧道。
在采矿期间,用于输送隧道的隧道传动从经济上考虑在一定程度上是非常麻烦的:需要具有尽可能窄的尺寸的尽可能短的隧道,以便避免用于传动、扩展(scaling out)和加固更大尺寸的隧道所带来的成本。隧道的尺寸越小,则用于在矿区中获得的材料的提取成本就越低。为此,存在提供具有良好操作性并且特别是在具有尽可能小的尺寸的隧道内的弯道中被驱动的能力的较长车辆的目的。然而,当提供较长的载重车辆时,从轮到驱动发动机的每个部件的尺寸都存在问题。
通过在后部上设置两个从动轮对,其中,就转向而言,第二轮对也转向地连接到后部,轮可以被最佳地使用,并且,由于转向架上的滑行轮胎未被转向,因此能够避免根据WO2009/108089 A1的车辆所遭受的磨损问题。其中“滑行轮胎”在此是指由于车轮轴线没有背向车辆的转弯中心因而没有相对于路面理想地滚动的轮胎,并且该轮胎因此还在正常转弯期间经历靠着路面的某种“滑行”。因此,就根据本发明的车辆而言,载重车辆的工作寿命以及尤其是轮胎的工作寿命能够得以大大地延长。
通过另外的第二动力发动机,该第二动力发动机通过电动发电机设置成为驱动第二轮对的轮的电动马达装置供应动力,在向上斜坡上的负载能力和运输速度在隧道的宽度和高度受限的空间内大大地提高,其中,不必将第一驱动马达和相关的传动系部件的尺寸设定为用于为该第二轮对中的轮供应动力。因此,提高了车辆的负载能力与轮胎尺寸之间的比率并减小了所需的空间。
通过设置在后部中的第二动力发动机和相关的电动发电机,可以获得关于安装和空间的优点。
所述第二动力发动机能够设置成根据需要接合,例如当负载上坡行驶时,其中,在该情形下,车辆的全部轮对都被驱动。在动力需求较小的驱动模式期间,第二动力发动机能够被分离并且推动力通过作为车辆的主发动机的第一动力发动机产生。
在特定的方面中,第一轮对通过另外的电动马达装置电动地驱动,其中,另外的动力发动机设置成通过另外的电动发电机为所述另外的电动马达装置供应动力。因此,可以省却车辆的部件之间的机械驱动传动装置。
优选的是,也将所述另外的动力发动机和相关的电动发电机设置在后部中,因为这种设置还产生了关于安装和空间的优点。
第一动力发动机优选地通过驱动轴和传动装置设置成通过驱动轴机械地驱动承载有前轮对的前轮轴。此外,根据第二方面,第一动力发动机通过驱动轴和传动装置设置成通过驱动轴机械地驱动后部中的第一轮轴,所述第一轮轴因此承载第一轮对。
恰当地,前轮对设置在刚性前轮轴上并且第一从动轮对设置在刚性的第一轮轴上,其中,后部上的所述至少两个从动轮对中的第一轮对设置成最靠近刚性地连接至后部的转向接头。
通过将第一轮轴与经由摆式悬挂装置承载第二从动轮对的第二轴互连,形成转向架装置并且获得在不平坦路面上的良好操纵性。
通常,根据本发明的车辆提供驾驶舱,但也可以遥控控制。
通过本发明,高度模块化成为可能,这意味着在具有两个轮对的常规构造的铰接转向载重车辆中,能够保持普通的发动机和普通的传动系。因此,在需要的情况下可根据需要设置辅助模块以提高能力利用,作为示例,辅助模块以其最简单的形式包括如下单元:所述单元包括具有适当的调节部件的用于第二轮对的传动装置。在出现要求提高能力和传动效果的情形下,其中的第二轮对设置成非从动的车辆因此能够以用于车辆升级的驱动设置来实现。
优选地,第二轮对的转向形成为下列组中的任一个:液压从动控制,该液压从动控制由在转弯期间车辆的各部分之间的角度来调节;机械控制,其中,连接系统检测转向接头的角度调节并且将旋转运动传递到第二轮对的相应的轮;电动控制,其中,转向接头中的角度检测器设置成向控制构件发送信号,所述控制构件设置成向用于轮的旋转致动器提供输出信号。
本发明还涉及用于驱动根据前述的铰接转向载重车辆的系统,其具有可控制接头,第二轮对设置在铰接转向载重车辆的后部中,其中,该系统包括用于电动地马达驱动第二轮对的电动马达装置。
该系统优选地包括用于具有两个轮对的常规构造的铰接转向载重车辆的辅助模块。
该系统优选地包括用于通过电动发电机为所述电马达装置供应动力的第二动力发动机。
附图说明
现在参照附图通过实施方式对本发明进行更加详细的描述,其中:
图1以侧视图示出根据本发明的铰接转向载重车辆,以及
图2以示意平面图示出图1中的铰接转向载重车辆在转弯期间的驱动装置。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出根据本发明的铰接转向载重车辆1,该铰接转向载重车辆1包括前部2和后部3,前部2具有驾驶舱4,后部3具有呈倾卸平台形式的载荷容纳装置6。前部2通过转向接头10与后部3以本身已知的方式枢转地连接。
前部2包括前驱动轮对,其中一个轮用5标示,后部3包括转向架装置,该转向架装置具有通过摆式悬挂装置彼此互连的两个轮对,其中,摆臂用9标示。摆臂承载第一从动轮对和第二从动轮对,第一从动轮对定位成最靠近车辆前部,其中,一个轮用7标示,第二从动轮对与车辆的前部具有最大距离,其中,一个轮用8标示。
载重车辆1特别适于在地面以下的环境中运载大载荷,例如在采矿、隧道作业等等方面,并且通过其结构灵活性,也能够在隧道和廊道内的窄小通道中行驶。
在图2中示出对于载重车辆的驱动来说非常重要的部件,其中,示出属于前部2的第一动力发动机12,第一动力发动机12通过传动装置13、驱动轴14、15和15’设置成:通过驱动轴15机械地驱动承载前轮对5、5’的前轮轴16,并且通过驱动轴15’驱动后部的第一轮轴17,其中,第一轮轴17承载第一轮对7、7’。后部的框架用22标示。
此外,根据本发明的载重车辆包括设置在第二轮轴20上的第二轮对8、8’,第二轮对8、8’一方面能够通过电动马达装置19驱动,另一方面就用于使车辆转弯的转向而言,还通过动力驱动的旋转接头11和11’转向地连接到后部3。
第二轮对的转向可以以不同的方式实现,例如以液压方式实现,比如通过在转向期间车辆各部分之间的角度来调节的液压从动控制。可替代地,转向被机械地致动,其中,未示出的连接系统检测转向接头10的角度调节并且将旋转运动传递到第二轮对的相应轮。
在另一实施方式中,第二轮对8、8’的轮被电动地控制,其中,转向接头10中的角度检测器将信号发送到未示出的控制装置,该控制装置设置成将输出信号提供到设置在旋转接头11和11’的区域中的未示出的旋转体装置,以便将第二轮对中的相应轮8、8’铰接到所需的旋转位置,使得所有轮的轴线的延伸都指向一个并且是同一个点,即车辆的转向中心,图2中的细部21。
本发明可以在下列权利要求的范围内进行修改。第一从动轮对7、7’因此还可以通过另外的第二动力发动机8’驱动,第二动力发动机通过另外的发电机向电动马达装置19’提供电力供应,用于驱动该第一轮对。当然,这种驱动装置或定位在后部中的任意其他驱动装置的存在省却了从第一动力发动机12提供对第一轮对7、7’的驱动的传动装置。
车辆也可以制成不具有在附图上示出的转向架结构,并且不排除前部具有一个以上的轮轴并且后部具有两个以上的轮轴,在此情形下另外的轮轴也可被转向以及被驱动。
同样,第一从动轮对7、7’的轮可以是能够转向的,其中,例如可以实现更窄的转弯。
作为对通过第一动力发动机和第二动力发动机的内燃发动机操作的替代方案,车辆的动力供应可以是通过例如具有例如处在隧道顶部中的集电器的“吊车操作(trolley operation)”的完全电动方式。
本发明带来许多优点,特别是对于用于矿山、隧道和类似场所的载重车辆。如上所述,由于这种车辆会出现高车轴载荷压力,所以根据所述WO文献的设备几乎没有优势,特别是如果存在在狭窄的地方内的灵活转向的需要时。
根据通过本发明提供的第二从动轮轴的可转向性,这些部件能够以非常有效的方式使用,其中,能够避免例如轮和发动机的部件尺寸的增大。
示例
在根据本发明并且总体上根据图1和2的铰接转向载重车辆的示例中,设置有输出760马力的第一动力发动机和输出275马力的第二动力发动机。根据该示例,载荷能力可以从对于通常不具有根据本发明的第二轮对的假想的双轴铰接转向载重车辆而言的大约60吨增大到对于根据本发明的铰接转向三轴载重车辆而言的大约85吨。然后,使双轴车辆配置有输出760马力的相同(第一)动力发动机和用于驱动这两个轴的传动系。表述这一点的另一种方式是声明对于采取这些措施的车辆的驱动效果可以提高大约30%。
这两种车辆都具有相同的横向尺寸并且可以在具有相应的横向尺寸的通道(也可以是狭窄通道)中操作。
模块化的另外的优点在于其可以允许速度的增加以及对不同需求、载荷能力和用户需求的高度适应。还应当提及的是,根据本发明的车辆的制动能力相比于传统的载重车辆得到增强。由此,电动马达可以用作制动发电机,并且产生的能量可以用例如水或空气冷却。
Claims (12)
1.铰接转向载重车辆(1),所述铰接转向载重车辆(1)具有通过转向接头(10)连接到后部(3)的前部(2),其中,所述前部(2)包括第一动力发动机(12)和设置在前轮轴(16)上的至少一个前从动轮对(5、5’),所述后部(3)包括载荷容纳装置(6)和至少两个从动轮对(7、7’;8、8’),所述至少两个从动轮对(7、7’;8、8’)包括设置在第一轮轴(17)上的第一轮对(7、7’)和设置在第二轮轴(20)上的第二轮对(8、8’),其特征在于,
-就转向而言,所述第二轮对(8、8’)转向地连接到所述后部(3),
-所述第二轮对(8、8’)通过电动马达装置(19)被电动地马达驱动,
-第二动力发动机(18)设置成通过电动发电机为所述电动马达装置(19)供应动力,以及
-所述第二动力发动机(18)与相关的所述电动发电机设置在所述后部(3)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的载重车辆,
其特征在于,所述第一轮对(7、7’)通过另外的电动马达装置(19’)被电动地马达驱动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的载重车辆,
其特征在于,另外的动力发动机(18’)设置成通过另外的电动发电机为所述另外的电动马达装置(19’)供应动力。
4.根据权利要求3所述的载重车辆,
其特征在于,所述另外的动力发动机(18’)与相关的另外的电动发电机设置在所述后部(3)中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的载重车辆,
其特征在于,所述第一动力发动机(12)通过驱动轴(14)和传动装置(13)设置成通过驱动轴(15)机械地驱动承载所述第一轮对(5、5’)的所述前轮轴(16)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的载重车辆,
其特征在于,所述第一动力发动机(12)通过所述驱动轴(14)和所述传动装置(13)设置成通过驱动轴(15’)机械地驱动位于所述后部(3)中的第一轮轴(17),所述第一轮轴(17)承载所述第一轮对(7、7’)。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的载重车辆,
其特征在于,所述前轮轴(16)是刚性轮轴。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的载重车辆,
其特征在于,所述第一轮轴(17)是刚性轮轴。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的载重车辆,
其特征在于,所述第一轮轴(17)通过摆式悬挂装置(9、9’)与所述第二轮轴(20)互连。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的载重车辆,
其特征在于,所述第二轮对(8、8’)的转向形成为下列组中的任一个:液压从动控制,所述液压从动控制由在转向期间所述车辆的各部分之间的角度来调节;机械控制,其中,连接系统检测所述转向接头(10)的角度调节并且将旋转运动传递至所述第二轮对(8、8’)中的相应的轮;电动控制,其中,所述转向接头(10)中的角度检测器被设置成向控制构件发送信号,所述控制构件设置成向用于所述轮的旋转致动器提供输出信号。
11.用于驱动根据权利要求1-10中的任一项所述的铰接转向载重车辆的系统,所述铰接转向载重车辆具有通过转向接头(10)连接到后部(3)的前部(2),其中,所述前部(2)包括第一动力发动机(12)和至少一个前从动轮对(5、5’),所述后部(3)包括载荷容纳装置(6)和至少两个从动轮对(7、7’;8、8’),所述至少两个从动轮对(7、7’;8、8’)包括第一轮对(7、7’)和第二轮对(8、8’),其中,所述系统包括:
-就转向而言,所述第二轮对(8、8’)与所述后部(3)的可转向连接件;
-电动马达装置(19),所述电动马达装置(19)用于电动地马达驱动所述第二轮对(8、8’);
-第二动力发动机(18),所述第二动力发动机(18)用于通过电动发电机为所述电动马达装置(19)供应动力,
其中,所述第二动力发动机(18)和相关的所述电动发电机设置在所述后部(3)中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其特征在于,所述系统包括用于具有两个轮对的常规构造的铰接转向载重车辆的辅助模块。
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US20120241229A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
EP2501602A4 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
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RU2544449C2 (ru) | 2015-03-20 |
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AU2010322473B2 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
WO2011062545A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
BR112012011717A2 (pt) | 2016-03-08 |
CN102612457B (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
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CA2778783A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
RU2012125020A (ru) | 2013-12-27 |
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