CN102596942A - 环状叠氮基钠通道阻断剂 - Google Patents
环状叠氮基钠通道阻断剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102596942A CN102596942A CN2010800309087A CN201080030908A CN102596942A CN 102596942 A CN102596942 A CN 102596942A CN 2010800309087 A CN2010800309087 A CN 2010800309087A CN 201080030908 A CN201080030908 A CN 201080030908A CN 102596942 A CN102596942 A CN 102596942A
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- C07D253/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D251/00 not condensed with other rings
- C07D253/06—1,2,4-Triazines
- C07D253/065—1,2,4-Triazines having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D253/07—1,2,4-Triazines having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms, or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D253/075—Two hetero atoms, in positions 3 and 5
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/53—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with three nitrogens as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. chlorazanil, melamine
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有钠通道阻断性的三嗪化合物,和涉及所述化合物用于制备治疗相关疾病的药物的用途。所述化合物为式(I)的化合物或其盐:其中z为单键或任选取代的连接基团,Rl为卤代烷基;和A为任选取代的芳族杂环环系统或碳环环系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有钠通道阻断性的三嗪化合物,以及涉及所述化合物用于制备治疗相关疾病的药物的用途。
背景技术
美国专利4,649,139公开了式(A)的化合物:
其中R1为C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基或C3-10环烷基,任何这些可以任选取代,和R2至R6独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-6烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基(全部由一个或多个卤素、羟基和芳基任选取代)、氨基、单-或二-取代氨基、烯氧基、酰基、酰氧基、氰基、硝基、芳基和硫代烷基,或者连接R2至R6任何邻接的两个从而形成(-CH=CH-CH=CH-)基团。公开了这些化合物在治疗心脏疾病方面是积极的,以及在治疗心律失常方面是特别有用的。
我们的在先专利申请WO2008/007149公开了式(B)的化合物的用途:
其中R1为氢(和=NH为NH2),或羧酰氨基、C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、 C1-3烷基-芳基、C1-3烷基-杂环基或C3-10环烷基,任何这些可以任选由羟基、卤素、羧酰胺基、卤代C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基取代;和R2至R6独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-6烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基(全部任选由一个或多个卤素、羟基和芳基取代)、氨基、单-或二-取代氨基、烯氧基、酰基、酰氧基、氰基、硝基、芳基和硫代烷基;
(a)作为电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂(voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker),用于治疗哺乳动物尤其是人类的疾病,特别地癫痫症、多发性硬化症、青光眼和葡萄膜炎(uevitis)、脑外伤和脑缺血、中风、头颅损伤、脊髓损伤、手术创伤、神经退行性疾病、运动神经元病、阿兹海默症、帕金森病、慢性炎症性疼痛、神经性疼痛、偏头疼、躁郁症、情绪病、焦虑症和认知障碍、精神分裂症和三叉自主神经性头痛;和
(b)作为抗叶酸剂(antifolates),用于治疗哺乳动物尤其是人类的疾病,特别地用于治疗哺乳动物癌症;和作为针对间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫疟疾的抗疟药。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供一种式(I)的化合物:
其中z为单键或任选取代的连接基团,
R1为卤代-烷基;和
A为(任选取代的)芳族杂环环系统或碳环环系统。
环系统A可以包括任何数目的环组分。
芳族碳环环系统典型地为苯基、任选取代的苯基。
芳族杂环环系统典型地为任选取代的(苯并)噻吩基、或(苯并)呋喃基、或(苯并)吡喃基、或(异)吲哚基、或(异)喹啉基或吡啶基。
优选地,R1为C1-10卤代-烷基。更优选地,R1为由一个或多个卤素优选氯、溴或氟取代的甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、异丁基或正丁基。最优选地,R1为二卤代或三卤代(尤其是氯代和/或氟代)取代的。
适合地,Z为连接基团,其包括具有一个或两个任选取代的烷基或苯基的碳原子。
优选地,A为任选用一个或多个卤素如氯、溴或氟,或氟代烷基如CF3,烷氧基如甲氧基或乙氧基,和/或芳氧基如苯氧基或苄氧基取代的芳族碳环环系统,如苯基、萘基、蒽基或芴基。
在一个基团中,A选自氯苯基,如二氯苯基或三氯苯基,例如2,3-、2,6-或3,5-二氯苯基,或者2,3,5-三氯苯基;溴苯基,如2-溴苯基或3-溴苯基;三氟甲基-苯基如二-三氟甲基苯基,例如3,5-三氟甲基苯基;(甲)乙氧基-苯基如二(甲)乙氧基-苯基或三(甲)乙氧基-苯基,例如4,5-二甲氧基苯基或3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基;氟(甲)乙氧基苯基如二(氟(甲)乙氧基)-苯基,例如2-氟(甲)乙氧基苯基、4-氟(甲)乙氧基苯基或2,4-二(氟(甲)乙氧基)苯基。
在进一步的基团中,A为稠合双环(bicyclic)基团。适合地,所述稠合双环基团选自萘基,例如1-萘基和2-萘基或四氢萘基;或亚烷基二氧基苯基,如亚(甲)乙二氧苯基或苯并二氧杂环戊烷基(benzodioxolo)。所述基团可以例如任选由一个或多个卤素如溴或氟取代,例如6-溴萘基、2,2-二氟苯并二氧杂环戊烷基,或由一个或多个烷氧基如(甲)乙氧基任选取代,例如2-或3-(甲)乙氧基萘基或1,4-、2,5-或3,7-二(甲)乙氧基萘基。
在又一个基团中,A为三环基团。所述三环基团适合地为如上所述任选取代的包含一个或多个芳环的稠环系统,例如蒽基或芴基,或者非芳环如金刚烷基。
在再一个基团中,A为包括任何如上所述环系统的两个环取代基的未稠合二环基团(bis-cyclic group)。
在式(I)的化合物的一类中,A环上的取代基包括在苯环上任选用卤素或烷氧基或如上所述其它取代基取代的苯基和苯氧基、苄基和苄氧基。
在该化合物的另一类中,A为任选取代的杂环环系统;例如,具有一个或多个氧或硫或氮原子的单环或稠合双环杂环基团;尤其是芳族杂环环系统。
适合地,其中A为杂环基的式(I)的化合物为式(II)的化合物:
其中W为硫、氧或氮;n为1、2或3;和R3为一个或多个取代基。
适合地,杂环基团为(i)选自噻吩基和苯并噻吩基的含硫杂环;(ii)选自呋喃基、苯基呋喃基和苯并吡喃基的含氧杂环;或选自吡啶基、吲哚基、喹啉基和异喹啉基的含氮杂环。有利地,关于上述结构,关于碳环A环,例如由卤素、烷基或烷氧基尤其是由1、2或3个氯或溴原子取代。含氮杂环由烷基如甲基任选地N-取代,或由苯氧基或硫代苯基取代的,其中苯基任选由卤素如氯取代的。
任选地,杂环A环为双杂环化合物。
在一个实施方案中,式(I)的化合物为式(III)的化合物:
该实施方案涵盖其中两个式(I)的化合物共享共用A环的化合物;和未稠合二环结构的化合物。
本发明还提供任何上述化合物的盐。优选的盐为药学上可接受的酸加成盐(addition salt)。适合的药学上可接受的酸加成盐包括用有机酸和无机酸二者形成的那些,所述有机酸和无机酸例如由盐酸、硫酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、磷酸、乳酸、丙酮酸(pyruvic)、乙酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、草酸、富马酸、马来酸、草酰乙酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、谷氨酸、萘甲酸和羟乙基磺酸。乙磺酸盐、苹果酸盐、扁桃体酸盐、安息香酸盐和水杨酸盐也是适合的。
本发明还提供任何式(I)的化合物或其盐的溶剂化物。所述化合物或其盐可以作为反应溶剂或结晶溶剂或其组分的溶剂化物以所述化合物制剂而得到。适合的药学上可接受的溶剂化物包括水合物。
式(I)的化合物可具有手性中心且可以作为外消旋酸盐、外消旋混合物和作为个别对映体或非对映异构体出现。所有此类同质异构形势包括在本发明的范围中。本发明的范围内还包括无论是作为个别异构体或其混合物的所有式(I)的化合物的几何异构体。因而,反式-和顺式-构造中的式(I)的化合物涵盖在本发明中;互变异构形式及其混合物,和多形态的结晶形式也涵盖在本发明中。
特定式(I)的化合物可以通过上述美国专利4,649,139中公开的工艺制备,在此将其全部公开内容引入以作参考且应进一步参考。特定式(I)的化合物也可以通过EP 0 021 121 A中公开的方法制备,在此将其全部公开内容引入以作参考且应进一步参考。
上述具体化合物的制备在本说明书中稍后示出。本发明的范围内的相关化合物可以通过公开工艺的显而易见或常规变化使用适当的原料从而引入式(I)范围内的化合物的期望的取代基和部分来制备。
式(I)的化合物的盐可以通过在制备工艺中残余酸的存在而获得。可选择的盐可以通过在适合的溶剂中将式(I)的化合物作为游离碱与药学上可接受的酸混合并除去溶剂从而回收盐或者从溶剂中使盐结晶而制备。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供一种药物组合物,其包括与药学上可接受载体混合的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。所述化合物适合用于治疗疾病如癫痫症、多发性硬化症、青光眼和葡萄膜炎、脑外伤和脑缺血、中风、头颅损伤、脊髓损伤、手术创伤、神经退行性疾病、运动神经元病、阿兹海默症、帕金森病、慢性炎症性疼痛、神经性疼痛、偏头疼、躁郁症、情绪病、焦虑症和认知障碍、精神分裂症和三叉自主神经性头痛;用于治疗哺乳动物癌症;或用于治疗疟疾。
式(I)的化合物以有效单位剂量的形式即以足以有效针对活体内疾病的量存在于本发明的组合物中。
本发明的组合物中存在的药学上可接受的载体可以是常规用于将药物给药目的的材料。这些可以是液体或固体材料,另外是惰性或医学上可接受的以及与活性成分相容的。
这些药物组合物可以经口或不经肠胃例如作为栓剂、药膏、 乳霜、粉剂或皮肤贴剂给药。然而,优选口服给药和静脉注射该组合物。
对于口服给药,细粉或粒剂包含稀释剂、分散剂和/或表面活性剂,并且可以存在于药水(draught)中、水或糖浆中,以干状态或以其中包括悬浮剂的非水性悬浮液或者以在水或糖浆中的悬浮液形式存在胶囊或小袋(sachets)中。如果期望或需要,可以包括调味剂、防腐剂(preserving agent)、悬浮剂或增稠剂。可以压缩干粉末或粒剂从而形成片剂或容纳在胶囊中。
对于注射,所述化合物可以存在于可包含抗氧化剂或缓冲剂的消毒水注射液中。
游离碱或者其盐或溶剂化物也可以以其不与其它添加剂结合的纯净形式给药,在该情况下,胶囊或小袋是优选的载体。
可选择地,活性化合物以有效单位剂量的纯净形式例如被压缩为片剂等存在。
可包括的其它化合物例如为,药物惰性的成分,如固体和液体稀释剂例如用于片剂或胶囊的乳糖、淀粉或磷酸钙;用于软胶囊的橄榄油或油酸乙酯;和用于悬浮液或乳液的水或植物油;润滑剂如滑石或硬脂酸镁;胶凝剂如胶质粘土;增稠剂如黄蓍胶或海藻酸钠;和其它治疗上可接受的助剂如湿润剂、防腐剂、缓冲剂和抗氧化剂,在此类配方中这些可用作载体。
以单独单元提供的片剂或其它存在形式可以方便地包含在此剂量下有效的量的或作为该剂量的多倍有效的量的式I化合物,例如所述单元包含5mg-500mg、通常在约10mg-250mg。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过式(I)的化合物与药学上可接受载体的混合而制备。如有必要可以混合常规的药学赋形剂。适合的配方的实例在上述美国专利4,649,139中给出。
本发明提供通过将无毒有效量的式(I)的化合物或者其药 学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,或者如上文中定义的组合物给药的治疗方法。所述方法特别适合于治疗易受到钠通道阻断剂和抗叶酸剂影响的哺乳动物的疾病,特别是疾病如癫痫症、多发性硬化症、青光眼和葡萄膜炎、脑外伤和脑缺血、中风、头颅损伤、脊髓损伤、手术创伤、神经退行性疾病、运动神经元病、阿兹海默症、帕金森病、慢性炎症性疼痛、神经性疼痛、偏头疼、躁郁症、情绪病、焦虑症和认知障碍、精神分裂症和三叉自主神经性头痛;适合于治疗哺乳动物癌症;和适合于治疗疟疾。
本发明提供式(I)的化合物或者其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,或者如上文中定义的组合物,其用于药物的制备。所述药物特别适合于治疗易受到钠通道阻断剂和抗叶酸剂影响的哺乳动物的疾病,特别是疾病如癫痫症、多发性硬化症、青光眼和葡萄膜炎、脑外伤和脑缺血、中风、头颅损伤、脊髓损伤、手术创伤、神经退行性疾病、运动神经元病、阿兹海默症、帕金森病、慢性炎症性疼痛、神经性疼痛、偏头疼、躁郁症、情绪病、焦虑症和认知障碍、精神分裂症和三叉自主神经性头痛;用于治疗哺乳动物癌症;或用于治疗疟疾。
如上所示,式(I)的化合物通常通过口服或静脉注射治疗此类疾病。
式(I)的化合物通常以每日0.01mg/kg-20mg/kg、优选每日0.1-5.0mg/kg的剂量给药。
鉴于结构上类似的化合物如拉莫三嗪和在式(I)范围内的其它已知化合物在人类中的已知应用,在式(I)的化合物的应用中预期没有大的毒性问题。然而,在临床应用前应进行合适的试验工序。
具体实施方式
本发明的上述和其它方面现在将参考所附实施例进一步详细地解释。
以下报道式(I)的示例性化合物和用于试验的其它化合物的制备的方法学。这可以适合于制备具有此处提及的另外或可替换的取代基或部分的类似化合物。
在以下工艺中,所有熔点的单位为℃。
3,5-二氨基-6-芳基-1,2,4-三嗪化合物
3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰腈(3;Ar=3,4-二甲氧基苯基)
将3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰氯[AcrosOrganics](14.05g;0.070mol)、干燥甲苯(32cm3)、干燥乙腈(8.0cm3)、氰化铜I(8.5;0.095mol)和C盐(5g)良好搅拌的混合物[桨式搅拌器]在回流下加热直至没有残留酸式氯化物(~1.5小时)。将暗色反应混合物冷却至~70°并用甲苯(150cm3)稀释。搅拌额外的~30分钟之后,将所得浆料通过层析硅胶(~2.5cm)床过滤,和浅黄色滤出液在真空下蒸发至恒重从而得到作为柠檬黄固体的标题化合物。产量=11.41g(85.3%),Mpt=143-145℃。将该产物直接用于下一阶段。
氨基胍二甲磺酸盐4
向99.5%的甲磺酸[Aldrich](422g;4.40mol)在甲醇(720cm3)中在40°下的搅拌溶液中经30分钟分批添加氨基胍碳酸氢盐[Aldrich](272.0g;2.00mol)。当完成添加时,搅拌溶液直至温度已经降低至~40°,然后用冷醚(500cm3)缓慢处理。在添加期间,无色针状物开始沉积。将所得浆料在0°下放置4小时,过滤,并将产物用冷醚洗涤和在真空下在50°下干燥过夜。产量=528g(99.25%),mpt=149-150°(Lit:WO/2004/026845;147.5°)。
希夫碱、氰基腙(5,Ar=3,4-二甲氧基苯基)
向氨基胍二甲磺酸盐(14.0g;0.053mol)在99.5%甲磺酸(22g)中在65-70°下的搅拌溶液中经~25分钟逐滴添加3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰腈(5.7g;0.030mol)在乙腈(30cm3)中的温溶液。然后将混合物在68°下搅拌直至样品给出在水中的清澈溶液(~2.5小时),然后灌入粉碎的冰/水(125g)得到浅黄色沉淀物。将搅拌的混合物用48%氢氧化钠(19.0cm3)中和(pH 8-9)得到亮黄色沉淀物。将产物过滤,用冷水洗涤和在真空下在45°下干燥。产量=6.21g(83.8%),Mpt=98-100℃,TLC[SiO2板,10%在氯仿中的甲醇],Rf=0.52。将该产物直接用于下一阶段。
6-烷基/芳烷基-3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三嗪化合物
氯化三苯乙烷[3;R1=R2=R3=Ph]
将三苯基乙酸(21.7g;0.075mol)和干燥二甲基甲酰胺(2滴)在干燥二氯甲烷(100cm3)中的搅拌混合物经~25分钟用以大约四等分添加的草酰氯(14g;0.11mol)处理。将混合物在35°下搅拌直至氯化氢的散发终止(~4小时)。将所得无色溶液在真空中在40°下蒸发至恒重从而得到作为无色结晶固体的标题化合物。产量=23.24g(100.0%)。将该产物直接用于下一阶段。
类似的制备如下:
氰化三苯乙烷[4;R1=R2=R3=Ph]
将氯化三苯乙烷(23.24g;0.075mol)、干燥甲苯(40cm3)、干燥乙腈(1cm3)、氰化铜I(9.20g;0.103mol)、C盐(3.5g)和微细粉碎的碘化钾(2g)良好搅拌的混合物[桨式搅拌器]在回流下加热直至没有残留酸式氯化物(~18小时)。将暗色反应混合物冷却至~75°并用甲苯稀释(150cm3)。搅拌额外的~30分钟之后,将所得浆料通过层析硅胶(~2.5cm)床过滤,和无色滤出液在真空下 蒸发至恒重从而得到作为无色固体的标题化合物。产量=21.97g(98.7%),Mpt=67-69°。将该产物直接用于下一阶段。
希夫碱,氰基腙,[4;R1=R2=R3=Ph]
向氨基胍二甲磺酸盐(15.00g;0.0564mol)在99.5%甲磺酸(22.5g)中在65-70°下的搅拌溶液中经~25分钟逐滴添加氰化三苯乙烷(8.91g;0.030mol)在乙腈(25cm3)中的溶液。然后将混合物在68°下搅拌直至样品得到在水中的清澈溶液(~28小时),然后灌入粉碎的冰/水(150g)得到半固体无色沉淀物。将混合物用48%氢氧化钠(17.5cm3)中和(pH 8-9)得到作为乳状颗粒固体的标题化合物。将产物过滤,用水洗涤和在真空下在45°下干燥。产量=8.47g(80.0%),Mpt=112-114°,TLC[SiO2板,10%在氯仿中的甲醇],Rf=0.68。将该产物直接用于下一阶段。
三嗪化合物
5(3)-氨基-6-(2,3-二氯苯基)-2,3(2,5)-二氢-3(5)-亚氨基-2-(2,2,2-三氯乙基)-1,2,4-三嗪三氟甲磺酸酯[CEN-216]:
三氟甲磺酸酯
将3,5-二氨基-6-(2,3-二氯苯基)-1,2,4-三嗪(拉莫三嗪)(0.9g;3.50毫摩尔)、三氟甲磺酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯(2,2,2-trichloroethyl triflate)(1.0g;3.55毫摩尔),、丁烷-2-酮(10cm3)和二甲基甲酰胺(5滴)在氮气氛、回流下搅拌25小时。
将溶液蒸发至干燥并茶色残余物由丙酮中结晶出从而得到淡黄褐色微结晶粉末。产量=510mg。Mpt=236-238,tlc(10%甲醇-氯仿),Rf=0.38。
三氟甲磺酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯
将2,2,2-三氯乙醇(7.5g;0.05摩尔)和三氟甲磺酸酐(14.1g;0.05摩尔)的混合物在80℃下加热60分钟。
冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用醚(100cm3)稀释并用冰冷却的5%碳酸氢钠溶液(3×50cm3)萃取,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤和在低于20℃的真空下蒸发至干燥。产生无色油。这在4℃下放置时凝固至无色柱状物。产量=10.91g(77.8%),熔点28-30℃。该产物不需进一步纯化直接使用。
三氟甲磺酸2,2,-二氯乙酯
将2,2-二氯乙醇(5.75g;0.05摩尔)和三氟甲磺酸酐(14.1g;0.05摩尔)的混合物在80℃下加热60分钟。
冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用醚(100cm3)稀释并用冰冷却的5%碳酸氢钠溶液(3×50cm3)萃取,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤和在低于20℃的真空下蒸发至干燥。产生无色油。该产物不 需进一步纯化直接使用。
三氟甲磺酸2,2,2,-溴乙酯
将2,2,2-三氯乙醇(14.15g;0.05摩尔)和三氟甲磺酸酐(14.1g;0.05摩尔)的混合物在80℃下加热120分钟。
冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用醚(100cm3)稀释并用冰冷却的5%碳酸氢钠溶液(3×50cm3)萃取,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤和在低于20℃的真空下蒸发至干燥。产生无色固体。熔点41-43℃。该产物不需进一步纯化直接使用。
生物试验
式(I)的化合物如下测试各种活性:
筛查策略
设计筛查策略从而以适当的钠通道阻断活性和低副作用倾向性选择化合物。为此,所有化合物通过一次钠通道分析(藜芦碱诱发的摄取[14C]胍至大鼠前脑突触体)和由产生的浓度-效果曲线计算的IC50值处理。为了补充该数据,还测量用于选择的化合物以抑制[3H]BTX-B的结合(binding of[3H]BTX-B)的IC50。
先前的研究已经显示取代的三嗪为潜在的二氢叶酸还原酶(DiHydroFolate Reductase)(DHFR)活性的抑制剂(McCullough 和Bertino 1971;Cashmore等,1975;Booth等,1987和Sapse等,1994)。DHFR的抑制剂(如甲氨喋呤)已经用于治疗各种癌症(Suster等,1978和Niculescu-Duvaz等,1982),因为该酶的抑制干扰细胞生长,但由于该效果(在细胞生长方面)DHFR的抑制剂也会致畸(Skalko和Gold,1974;Feldcamp和Carey,1993和Buckley等,1997)。应发现作为潜在的DHFR的抑制剂的化合物,然后此类化合物它们自身可以具有作为抗癌试剂的潜力。几种方法可用于测量DHFR活性的抑制,为了该研究,我们已经调查了化合物抑制[3H]甲氨蝶呤的结合的效果(Myers等,1975和 Rothenberg等,1977)。
另外的共同副作用标记为由于通过长期QT综合症的发展引起的心脏衰竭会致命的人类Ether-a-go-go相关基因(human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene)钾(hERG)钾通道(内向整流性,IKr)活性的抑制。评价影响该通道潜力的可用初步筛查通过测量[3H]阿司咪唑(astemizole)对表现hERG的细胞膜的结合的抑制来评价。对于该活性,选择的化合物通过测量抑制10μM来测试。假设抑制值位于10%和90%之间,则可以计算各化合物的外推IC50。
上述筛查级联鉴定具有低的(较低的)前述副作用倾向性倾向的具有适当钠通道阻断活性的化合物。为了进一步开发这些化合物,需要它们药效动力学性质的一些知识。
钠通道阻断剂如西帕曲近(Sipatrigine)(在大鼠中大脑中动脉阻塞后既降低神经功能缺损又减少梗死体积)(Smith等,1997)和苯妥英(phenytoin)(保护青光眼的实验模型中视网膜神经节细胞死亡)(Hains和Waxman,2005)在神经退化的模型范围中显示神经保护功效。由于氧供给的失败使糖酵解和氧化磷酸化妥协,因此缺血性损伤最终导致电气失败(神经信号)和泵浦失败(细胞膜电位的还原)。这些失败(电气和离子泵浦活性的)与ATP降低的局部浓度相关(Astrup等1981)。因而,使用所述化合物在严重代谢刺激之后维持在大鼠海马0.4mm切片中的ATP浓度的效果。
实验工序
大鼠前脑突触体和匀浆的制备
实验使用重175-250g的雄性维斯塔(Wistar)大鼠的前脑(全脑,较少小脑/髓质)进行。进行所有努力以减少使用动物的数量,和所有实验根据1986年英国动物(科学程序法)法案和欧洲 共同体理事会1986年11月24日指示(86/609/EEC)进行。使动物昏倒后杀死和斩首,将前脑(全脑,较少小脑/髓质)快速切开并转移至含冰冷却的0.25M蔗糖的称重管。
突触体(重和轻的包含突触体的线粒体部分)通过以下制备:通过转移前脑(已知湿重量的)至已添加9体积冰冷却的0.25M蔗糖的玻璃波特(Potter)容器,并通过设定至900rpm的布朗波特(Braun Potter)S马达驱动的匀浆器的8次′上下击打′使用特氟隆杵来匀浆化。将所得匀浆在4°下在1036×g时离心10分钟并收集上清液。如上所述,将残余颗粒在新鲜冰冷却的0.25M蔗糖中再悬浮并重复离心步骤。将上清液部分汇集并在4°下在40,000×g(平均)时离心15分钟,并将所得颗粒在以每ml适当分析缓冲液20-25mg湿重的浓度的适当分析缓冲液中再悬浮。
匀浆通过转移已知重量的前脑至包含9体积冰冷却的50mM pH 7.4 HEPES缓冲液的冷却的管中制备。将混合物在4°下通过设定至最大速度的Ultra-TurraxTM匀浆器的3×5sec爆破(bursts)匀浆化。将所得匀浆在4°下在40,000×g(平均)时离心15分钟并弃用上清液。将所得颗粒在9体积新鲜冰冷却的pH 7.4缓冲液中再悬浮(同上),重复离心步骤,并将所得颗粒在以每ml分析缓冲液20-25mg湿重的浓度在[3H]BTX-B结合缓冲液中再悬浮。
[14C]胍通量和[3H]BTX-B的结合
两种分析均使用添加在试验中浓度范围内的化合物的14ml聚丙烯试管进行。将试验化合物溶解于DMSO中并添加至分析液以致DMSO的最大浓度不超过2%v/v。
[14C]胍通量:
除了在30°下进行21/2分钟以外,[14C]胍通量分析使用Pauwels PJ等(1986)的方法测量。
参考:
Pauwels PJ,Leysen JE,Laduron PM.[3H]Batrachotoxinin A20-alpha-benzoate binding to sodium channels in rat brain:characterization and pharmacological significance.Eur J Pharmacal.1986年5月27日;124(3):291-8。
[3H]BTX-B的结合
除了两种牛血清白蛋白和TTX从温育介质中略去以外,[3H]BTX-B结合使用由Catterall等(1981)描述的方法进行。
参考:
Catterall WA,Morrow CS,Daly JW,Brown GB.Binding of batrachotoxinin A 20-alpha-30 benzoate to a receptor site associated with sodium channels in synaptic nerve ending particles.J Bio.Chem.1981年9月10日;256(17):8922-7。
[H]甲氨蝶呤的结合
所有步骤在4°下(或冰上)进行。将新切开的大鼠肝脏切开至0.25M冰冷却的蔗糖中,随后在含15mM二硫苏糖醇的50mMpH 6.0磷酸缓冲液(10ml/g组织)中匀浆化(U-turrax)。将所得匀浆在47,500×g下离心20分钟并将上清液(通过脱脂棉过滤从而去除脂肪块)在使用前贮存在-80°下(Rothenberg等)。
[3H]甲氨蝶呤对大鼠干燥匀浆上清液部分的结合的抑制基本上如Arons等,1975描述的进行。计算结果作为由浓度-效应曲线衍生的IC50值(见下文)或作为通过比较对照和冷的甲氨蝶呤(10μM最终浓度)结合值的比较确定的抑制百分率值。
参考:
Elliot Arons,Sheldon P.Rothenberg,Maria da Costa,Craig Fischer and M.Perwaiz Iqbal;Cancer Research 35,1975年8月1日,2033-2038。
IC50值的计算
数据作为括弧中所示的试验数目的平均±sem存在。IC50值通过绘制log10浓度与结合的配体/摄取的胍由放射性配体取代或胍通量抑制曲线根据以下等式获得:-
y=Rmin+Rsp/{1+exp[-n(x-C)]}
其中y=结合量(bound)(dpm)
x=log10化合物浓度
Rmin=下渐近线(即,100%抑制)
Rsp=上渐近线-Rmin(即,特定结合)
n=斜率(loge)
和C=IC50(即,抑制50%特定结合所需的浓度)。
海马切片分析
除了使用碘乙酸盐(400μM)2作为代谢刺激以外,神经保护功效在大鼠海马0.4mm切片中使用由Fowler和Li(1998)1描述的方法测量。化合物(通常30μM)总是直接与河豚毒素(1μM)3比较它们在抑制糖酵解之后维持ATP的切片浓度的能力。
参考:
1.Fowler J C,Li Y.Contributions of Na′flux and the anoxic depolarization to adenosine 5′-triphosphate leVels in hypoxic/hypoglycemic rat hippocampal slices.Neuroscience 1998,83,717-722。
2.Reiner PB,Laycock AG,Doll CJ.A pharmacological model of ischemia in the hippocampal 35 slice.Neurosci Lett1990;119:175-8。
3.Boening JA,Kass IS,Cottrell JE,Chambers G.The effect of blocking sodium influx on anoxic damage in the rat hippocampal slice.Neuroscience.1989.卷33(2),263-268。
ATP和蛋白质的测量
个别切片通过超声处理分裂,将所得匀浆在4°下在10,000×g时离心5分钟。将上清液导入新鲜管中并将任何残余上清液通过真空吸引术去除。将颗粒通过超声处理在0.5ml 0.1MKOH中再悬浮,并将所得悬浮液在温和振荡时在37°下加温30分钟。
ATP的浓度通过与荧光素酶试剂(Perkin Elmer的ATPLite)混合和测量在96-孔板计数器中随后的发光在6μl上清液中来测量。
蛋白质浓度使用BCATM蛋白质分析(Pierce)与牛血清白蛋白作为参考标准测量。
ATP浓度表示为nmol/mg蛋白质和通过与1μM TTX的效果直接比较计算的神经保护指标(%保护)。
hERG:
将化合物送至MDS Pharma以测量它们在10μM浓度下抑制[3H]阿司咪唑对表现人类重组(recombinant)hERG的HEK-293细胞的结合。假设结合斜率为1.0,对于表示由5%和95%之间的结合抑制的化合物,可计算IC50值(见上文)。
L-型钙通道
将化合物送至MDS Pharma以测量它们在10μM浓度下抑制[3H]尼群地平(nitrendipine)对大鼠脑皮质膜的结合。假设结合斜率为1.0,可计算IC50值(见上文)用于表示由5%和95%之间的结合抑制的化合物。
大鼠微粒体稳定性
将化合物送至BioFocus以测量它们在1μM浓度下在与大鼠肝脏微粒体在37°下温育40分钟之后的稳定性。
MES方法学(最大电休克)
使用由BioLasco Taiwan(在查理斯河实验技术许可(Charles River Laboratories Technology Licensee))提供的雄性维斯塔鼠。五个动物的空间分配为45×23×21cm。将动物安置在动物笼中并在使用前在MDS Pharma Services-Taiwan Laboratory中在12小时光/暗循环的控制温度(21-23℃)和湿度(50%-70%)的环境下维持至少3天。随意地给予大鼠对于标准实验狗的自由接近[MF-18(Oriental Yeast Co.,Ltd.Japan)]和反渗透(RO)水。包括动物的住宿、实验和处理的该工作所有方面通常根据实验动物的关心和使用指南(National Academy Press,Washington,D.C.,1996)进行。
将试验化合物悬浮/溶解于2%吐温(Tween)80中,并在最大电休克(MES,60Hz正弦波,150mA,200毫秒持续时间)通过角膜电极施加之前1小时,以10ml/Kg的剂量体积口服给药至五个重180+/-20g的维斯塔雄鼠组中。对于各动物确定最大电休克引发的强直性惊厥(MES)的出现。通过实验物质的强直性惊厥50%以上(50%)的抑制表示显著的抗惊厥活性。
设备/化学品:
动物笼(Allentown,USA),电击发生器(In-house,R.O.C.),口服给药的针(Natsume,Japan)和大鼠等级(500g,Yamato,Japan)。二苯乙内酰脲钠盐(Sigma,USA)和吐温80(Sigma,USA)。
将测试物质(CEN-216、CEN-145、CEN-148、CEN-152和CEN-154)以14、42或100mg/kg口服给药至五个重180±20g的得自维斯塔的雄鼠组。
结果
由各种试验工序得到的数据示于下表:
抑制[3H]BTX-B的结合
[3H]箭毒蛙毒素结合方法-279510钠通道、位点2的总结
来源:维斯塔鼠大脑
配体:5nM[.H]箭毒蛙毒素
媒介物:1%DMSO
温育时间/温度:37℃60分钟
温育缓冲液:50mM HEPES,50mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4,130mM
胆碱氯化物,5.4mM KCl,0.8mM MgCl,5.5mM葡萄糖,40μg/mlLqTx
KD:0.052μM*
非特定配体:100μM藜芦定
Bmax:0.7皮摩尔/mg蛋白质*
特定结合:77%
定量方法:放射性配体结合
重要标准:>/=50%最大刺激或抑制
海马切片数据
N-烷基取代的三嗪的MES结果
(n=5只大鼠)
在L-型钙(苯基烷基胺位点)结合测定中CEN-216外推的IC50=27μM
使用相同酶制剂125μM的拉莫三嗪结果给出26%抑制
在癫痫症(最大电休克-ME S)的大鼠模型中,其中化合物在′电击′之前一小时口服给药,CEN-216的ED50(从肢体伸展等中保护大鼠的50%的有效剂量)接近9mg/kg游离碱。
在100mg/kg游离碱时在上述MES试验CEN-217和218分别给出60%和40%保护,即,化合物的ED50(非常接近)分别为80和120mg/kg游离碱。
在癫痫症(MES)的小鼠模型中,化合物CEN-079和CEN-216在′电击′之前1h、6h和24h口服给药(分别为100和72mg/kg游离碱)。两种化合物显示在所有时间点看到100%保护的显著保护,除了在24h之外的所有时间点CEN-079保护效果降低至40%保护。
关于本发明代表性化合物获得的筛查数据指出通式(I)的化合物用于以下的适宜性):治疗易受到钠通道阻断剂和抗叶酸剂影响的哺乳动物的疾病,特别是疾病如癫痫症、多发性硬化症、青光眼和葡萄膜炎、脑外伤和脑缺血、中风、头颅损伤、脊髓损伤、手术创伤、神经退行性疾病、运动神经元病、阿兹海默症、帕金森病、慢性炎症性疼痛、神经性疼痛、偏头疼、躁郁症、情绪病、焦虑症和认知障碍、精神分裂症和三叉自主神经性头痛;治疗哺乳动物癌症;和治疗疟疾。
Claims (21)
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1为C1-10卤代-烷基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的化合物,其中R1为卤代-甲基、卤代-乙基、卤代-异丙基、卤代-正丙基、卤代-异丁基或卤代-正丁基。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的化合物,其中R1为二卤代基团或三卤代基团。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1为-CH2CCl3;-CH2CBr3;-CH2CHCl2;-CH2CHBr2;-CH2CF3;-CH2CHCF2或-CH2CF2CF3或-CH2CF2CHF2。
6.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的化合物,其中z为连接基团且为具有一个或两个任选取代的烷基或苯基的碳原子。
7.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的化合物,其中A为任选取代的苯基、苯氧基、苄基、苄氧基、(苯并)噻吩基、(苯并)呋喃基、苯基呋喃基、(苯并)吡喃基、(异)吲哚基、(异)喹啉基或吡啶基。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的化合物,其中A为任选用一个或多个卤素如氯、溴或氟,卤代烷基如CF3,烷氧基如OMe或OEt,或者芳氧基如苯氧基或苄氧基取代的芳族碳环环系统如苯基、萘基、蒽基或芴基。
9.根据权利要求8所述的化合物,其中A为氯苯基,如二氯苯基或三氯苯基,例如2,3-、2,6-或3,5-二氯苯基,或者2,3,5-三氯苯基;溴苯基,如2-溴苯基或3-溴苯基;三氟甲基-苯基如二-三氟甲基苯基,例如3,5-三氟甲基苯基;(甲)乙氧基-苯基如二(甲)乙氧基苯基或三(甲)乙氧基-苯基,例如4,5-二甲氧基苯基或3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基;氟(甲)乙氧基-苯基如二(氟(甲)乙氧基)-苯基,例如2-氟(甲)乙氧基苯基、4-氟(甲)乙氧基苯基或2,4-二(氟(甲)乙氧基)苯基。
10.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的化合物,其中A为稠合双环取代基如萘基,例如1-萘基和2-萘基或四氢萘基;或亚烷基二氧基苯基,如亚(甲)乙二氧苯基或苯并二氧杂环戊烷基;所述稠合双环取代基或亚烷基二氧基苯基例如任选由一个或多个卤素如溴或氟取代,如6-溴萘基、2,2-二氟苯并二氧杂环戊烷基,或任选由一个或多个烷氧基如(甲)乙氧基取代,如2-或3-(甲)乙氧基萘基或1,4-、2,5-或3,7-二(甲)乙氧基萘基。
11.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的化合物,其中A为三环取代基,如包含一个或多个芳环的稠环系统,例如蒽基或芴基,或者非芳环如金刚烷基;所述三环取代基任选由一个或多个卤素或烷氧基取代。
12.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的化合物,其中所述A环具有包括两个环取代基的未稠合二环,所述环取代基如单环、稠合双环和三环结构。
13.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中z为单键和其中
i)A为2,3-二氯苯基和R1为-CH2CCl3或-CH2CF2CF3或-CH2CF2CHF2;
ii)A为2,3,5-三氯苯基和R1为-CH2CCl3或-CH2CHCl2或-CH2CBr3;
iii)A为3,5,-双三氟甲基苯基和R1为-CH2CCl3或-CH2CHCl2或-CH2CBr3;
iv)A为二苯基甲基和R1为-CH2CCl3或-CH2CHCl2或-CH2CBr3;或
v)A为2-(3,4,5,-三氯-二苯基和R1为-CH2CCl3或-CH2CHCl2或-CH2CBr3。
15.根据权利要求14所述的化合物,其中R2为NH2。
17.根据权利要求16所述的化合物,其中A为任选取代的苯基或萘基,和z为亚甲基或醚桥。
18.一种药物组合物,其包括与药学上可接受的载体混合的根据前述权利要求任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
19.根据权利要求18所述的药物组合物,其用于治疗以下疾病:易受到钠通道阻断剂和抗叶酸剂影响的哺乳动物的疾病,特别是癫痫症、多发性硬化症、青光眼和葡萄膜炎、脑外伤和脑缺血、中风、头颅损伤、脊髓损伤、手术创伤、神经退行性疾病、运动神经元病、阿兹海默症、帕金森病、慢性炎症性疼痛、神经性疼痛、偏头疼、躁郁症、情绪病、焦虑症和认知障碍、精神分裂症和三叉自主神经性头痛;哺乳动物癌症;或疟疾。
20.根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,或者根据权利要求18或19所述的组合物,用于制备治疗以下疾病的药物或用于治疗以下疾病:易受到钠通道阻断剂和抗叶酸剂影响的哺乳动物的疾病,特别是疾病如癫痫症、多发性硬化症、青光眼和葡萄膜炎、脑外伤和脑缺血、中风、头颅损伤、脊髓损伤、手术创伤、神经退行性疾病、运动神经元病、阿兹海默症、帕金森病、慢性炎症性疼痛、神经性疼痛、偏头疼、躁郁症、情绪病、焦虑症和认知障碍、精神分裂症和三叉自主神经性头痛;哺乳动物癌症;或疟疾。
21.根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物或者根据权利要求18或19所述的组合物用于制备治疗以下疾病的药物或用于治疗以下疾病的用途:易受到钠通道阻断剂和抗叶酸剂影响的哺乳动物的疾病,特别是疾病如癫痫症、多发性硬化症、青光眼和葡萄膜炎、脑外伤和脑缺血、中风、头颅损伤、脊髓损伤、手术创伤、神经退行性疾病、运动神经元病、阿兹海默症、帕金森病、慢性炎症性疼痛、神经性疼痛、偏头疼、躁郁症、情绪病、焦虑症和认知障碍、精神分裂症和三叉自主神经性头痛;哺乳动物癌症;或疟疾。
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HU225667B1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2007-05-29 | Richter Gedeon Nyrt | Method for producing high-purity 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine |
GB2471729A (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-12 | Univ Greenwich | 1,2,4-triazine derivatives and their use as sodium channel blockers |
GB2471713A (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-12 | Univ Greenwich | 1,2,4-triazine derivatives and their use as sodium channel blockers |
-
2009
- 2009-07-15 GB GB0912271A patent/GB2471729A/en not_active Withdrawn
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2010
- 2010-07-08 IN IN870DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN00870A/en unknown
- 2010-07-08 ES ES10732407.1T patent/ES2573506T3/es active Active
- 2010-07-08 EP EP10732407.1A patent/EP2451806B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-07-08 CA CA2767296A patent/CA2767296C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-08 KR KR1020127002939A patent/KR101776346B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-07-08 CN CN201080030908.7A patent/CN102596942B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-08 WO PCT/GB2010/051126 patent/WO2011004195A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2010-07-08 AU AU2010269981A patent/AU2010269981B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-07-08 US US13/382,720 patent/US8748599B2/en active Active
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- 2012-11-12 HK HK12111420.3A patent/HK1170726A1/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4649139A (en) * | 1983-10-27 | 1987-03-10 | Burroughs Wellcome Co. | 1,2,4-triazines |
WO2008007149A2 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-17 | University Of Greenwich | New medical use of triazine derivatives |
CN101918378A (zh) * | 2008-01-16 | 2010-12-15 | 格林威治大学 | 环状叠氮和重氮钠通道阻滞剂 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107921046A (zh) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-04-17 | 格林威治大学 | 作为干扰素‑γ抑制剂的三嗪衍生物 |
CN115737651A (zh) * | 2015-06-12 | 2023-03-07 | 格林威治大学 | 作为干扰素-γ抑制剂的三嗪衍生物 |
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CA2767296C (en) | 2017-12-05 |
GB2471729A (en) | 2011-01-12 |
US8748599B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 |
IN2012DN00870A (zh) | 2015-07-10 |
JP2012532857A (ja) | 2012-12-20 |
WO2011004195A3 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
CA2767296A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
CN102596942B (zh) | 2016-11-02 |
IL217331A0 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
KR101776346B1 (ko) | 2017-09-19 |
AU2010269981B2 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
GB0912271D0 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
EP2451806B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
KR20120054592A (ko) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2451806A2 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
ES2573506T3 (es) | 2016-06-08 |
AU2010269981A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
US20120135992A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
JP5731496B2 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
US9000155B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
WO2011004195A2 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
IL217331A (en) | 2017-05-29 |
US20140243343A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
HK1170726A1 (zh) | 2013-03-08 |
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