CN102596535B - 用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材的方法以及纤维强化的挤压型材 - Google Patents

用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材的方法以及纤维强化的挤压型材 Download PDF

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CN102596535B
CN102596535B CN201080049237.9A CN201080049237A CN102596535B CN 102596535 B CN102596535 B CN 102596535B CN 201080049237 A CN201080049237 A CN 201080049237A CN 102596535 B CN102596535 B CN 102596535B
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CN102596535A (zh
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艾哈迈德·阿尔-舍亚布
拉尔夫·桑德
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Rehau Automotive SE and Co KG
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    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材(1)的方法，其中，首先预热(3)至少一个带形的、由集成有强化纤维的塑料基质构成的纤维-基质半成品(2)，并且然后将所述纤维-基质半成品挤入(7)到基础塑料基质(6)中。

Description

用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材的方法以及纤维强化的挤压型材
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材的方法。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知的是，借助钢筋或者板筋来强化塑料挤压型材。虽然这引起型材的机械负荷能力的所期望的提高，但也具有缺点。这里列举为相对高的制造成本、由金属加衬决定的明显更高的重量和有缺陷的可焊接性。此外，这些连接型材表现出经常为非期望的热特性并且易于腐蚀。
此外已知的是，借助纯单向定向的、并排而置的强化纤维来加固塑料型材。相对于钢筋，该方法的出色之处在于由此制成的型材的更低的重量。然而在此，性能即机械负荷能力也比钢筋情况下明显更低。此外，在这种方法中应用拉挤，这相对于传统的挤压具有工艺流程方面的缺点。
发明内容
本发明基于以下目的，即说明一种用于制造挤压型材的方法，该方法的出色之处在于，在低重量的同时具有很高的机械负荷能力。
根据本发明，该目的通过一种用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材的方法实现，其中，首先预热由其中集成有强化纤维的塑料基质构成的至少一个带形的纤维-基质半成品，并且然后将该纤维-基质半成品挤入到基础塑料基质中。通过应用根据本发明的纤维-基质半成品，相对于仅由并排而置的强化纤维形成的加固明显地提升了机械性能。相对于钢筋，根据本发明的方法的出色之处在于由此制成的挤压型材的明显更低的重量。适宜的是，基础塑料基质为非强化的材料。在此，作为材料可优选应用聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或者聚苯硫醚(PPS)以及上述材料的混合物。但同样在本发明的范围中的是，对于基础塑料基质本身已应用借助纤维(例如玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维和/或芳纶纤维)强化的材料，其中，在此刚刚提到的材料自然也可用于提供基质。
作为强化纤维优选使用玻璃纤维、碳纤维或者芳纶纤维，其中，所述纤维材料中的两种的或者全部三种纤维材料的混合物在本发明的范围中。首先将这些强化纤维浸入到塑料基质中，并且在基质凝固之后与该基质一起构成纤维-基质半成品。借助根据本发明的方法制成的挤压型材的优选应用领域是汽车制造(载客汽车制造和/或载重汽车制造)、冷却设备制造(尤其是冷却设备机架)、空调制造、一般建筑领域尤其是窗户型材和支柱型材、飞机制造以及船舶制造。但这些型材显然也可应用在通常的机器构造和装置构造中。适宜的是，挤压型材的表面仅由基础塑料基质构成。
优选的是，在挤压过程之前使纤维-基质半成品变形，尤其是弯折或者弯曲。尤其也可多次弯折。这允许将纤维强化部的几何形状柔性地匹配于挤压型材的横截面。此外，在本发明的范围中，将多个纤维-基质半成品挤入到基础塑料基质中。PP、PA、PBT、PET或者PPS或者这些材料的混合物尤其适合作为塑料基质的材料，在所述塑料基质中集成有强化纤维。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，将热塑性半成品尤其有机板用作为纤维-基质半成品。所述半成品可具有连续纤维，连续纤维例如单向定向地构造，但或者也例如构造为织物。作为替选也可考虑应用热固性的预浸料。
强化纤维能够全部沿幅面方向定向。然而替选于此也可行的是，呈格栅形地设置纤维-基质半成品的强化纤维。优选的是，格栅形状构造成使得强化纤维相互成直角地延伸。
在这种情况下，强化纤维例如可以平行或者垂直于幅面方向定向，或者替代地也能以相对于幅面方向大约成45°的角度定向。
挤压型材本身可构造为封闭的或者敞开的空心型材。同样在本发明的范围中的是，除了纤维-基质半成品之外，借助根据本发明的方法制成的挤压型材额外地包含例如呈挤入的金属板的形式的金属加固部。同样在本发明的范围中的是，多个纤维-基质半成品以相互层叠的形式挤入到基础塑料基质中。此外也可考虑的是，在强化纤维的上述格栅形的定向的情况下，强化纤维的多个格栅层相互层叠并且然后共同集成到塑料基质中，以用于构成纤维-基质半成品。在该多层的结构中，一方面上述的平行于或者垂直于幅面方向定向的格栅和另一方面相对于幅面方向成大约45°的角度定向的格栅尤其可以相互层叠，例如交互地，从而使得多个不同的栅层彼此组合。
此外，本发明的主题是一种纤维强化的连续型材，其具有至少一个带形的、由集成有强化纤维的塑料基质构成的纤维-基质半成品，其中，所述纤维-基质半成品被挤入到基础塑料基质中。
附图说明
下面，根据仅示出一个实施例的附图详细地解释本发明。附图示意地示出：
图1示出根据本发明的用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材的方法；
图2示出关于借助根据图1的方法制成的挤压型材的强化纤维的定向的不同实施方式；以及
图3a至3f以横截面图示出借助根据本发明的方法制成的不同挤压型材；
图4示出图1中的剖面A-A。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材1的方法。首先从卷筒10抽出两个幅面形的纤维-基质半成品2并且借助热辐射器3预热。这些纤维-基质半成品2具有由玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维和/或芳纶纤维制成的强化纤维4(参见图4)，其中，强化纤维4被集成到塑料基质5中。在预热之后，这些纤维-基质半成品2被挤入到非强化的(或者替代地也纤维强化的)基础塑料基质6中。将基础塑料基质6的材料，例如PVC、PA、PP、PBT、PET、PPS或者所述材料的混合输送至挤压机7，使得在挤压机7的出口处得到期望的纤维强化的挤压型材1。如由图3a至3f可获知的，挤压型材1的表面仅由基础塑料基质6构成。在根据图3b、3d和3e的实施方式中，纤维-基质半成品2在挤压工艺之前被弯折，在根据图3d和3e的实施例中分别弯折两次。替代于此的是，例如在制造管时也可考虑在挤压过程之前进行纤维-基质半成品的弯曲。在实施例中，使用有机板作为纤维-基质半成品2。
图2示意地示出集成到塑料基质5中的强化纤维4相对于纤维-基质半成品2的幅面方向x(参见图1)的不同定向。在图2的左边的示图中，强化纤维4全部沿幅面方向x定向。在中间和右边的示图中，强化纤维4呈格栅形地设置。在中间的示图中强化纤维4平行于或者垂直于幅面方向x地定向，而在右边的示图中强化纤维4以相对于幅面方向x成45°的角度α定向。尤其在本发明的范围中的是，通过例如将不同定向的格栅层8相互层叠地并且一起集成到塑料基质5中，将根据图2的中间和右边的示图的格栅式布置相互组合。相应地，将不同定向的格栅层8彼此组合，并从而提高由此制成的纤维-基质半成品2的整体刚度。
在图3a、3b和3e中，挤压型材1构造为封闭的空心型材。但替选于此也可考虑的是，借助根据本发明的方法产生敞开的空心型材(图3d)。在上述的实施例中，挤压型材1的横截面是矩形的，尤其是正方形的。相对地，图3c和3f示出双T型材，其中，简单的T型材自然也在本发明的范围中。此外，其他横截面型材显然也可借助根据本发明的方法制成。在图3f中示出的型材1中，除了纤维-基质半成品2之外，额外地将金属板9挤入到基础塑料基质6中。
图4示出带形的纤维-基质半成品2的横截面。可看出的是，强化纤维4被集成到塑料基质5中并且与塑料基质5一起构成纤维-基质半成品2。为了制造纤维-基质半成品2，首先将强化纤维4浸入到塑料基质5中浸湿。然后进行基质5的凝固，由此产生完成的纤维-基质半成品2。然后，将该纤维-基质半成品在挤压过程期间挤入到基础塑料基质6中。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材的方法，
-其中，首先从带的卷筒上抽出至少一个带形的、由集成有连续的强化纤维的热塑性塑料基质构成的纤维-基质半成品，所述纤维-基质半成品构造为有机板的纤维-基质半成品，
-其中所述强化纤维全部沿带方向定向，
-然后预热所述有机板，
-并且然后将所述有机板挤入到基础塑料基质中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述挤压型材的表面仅由所述基础塑料基质构成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在挤压过程之前使所述纤维-基质半成品变形。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在挤压过程之前使所述纤维-基质半成品弯折或者弯曲。
5.根据权利要求1-2、4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将多个纤维-基质半成品挤入到所述基础塑料基质中。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，将多个纤维-基质半成品挤入到所述基础塑料基质中。
7.根据权利要求1-2、4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述挤压型材构造为封闭的或者敞开的空心型材。
8.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述挤压型材构造为封闭的或者敞开的空心型材。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述挤压型材构造为封闭的或者敞开的空心型材。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述挤压型材构造为封闭的或者敞开的空心型材。
CN201080049237.9A 2009-10-28 2010-10-09 用于制造纤维强化的挤压型材的方法以及纤维强化的挤压型材 Expired - Fee Related CN102596535B (zh)

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