CN102592041A - Computing method for forecasting small floods in Zhelin reservoir - Google Patents
Computing method for forecasting small floods in Zhelin reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A forecasting model for small floods in the Zhelin reservoir is of a dispersive structure. A computing method includes the steps: firstly, dividing a river basin into a plurality of river basin units, computing runoff generation and confluence for each river basin unit, and obtaining outlet flow of each river basin unit; secondly, performing flood routing of a river channel below each river basin unit outlet, and obtaining flow of a river basin outlet; and thirdly, adding the effluent flow of all the river basin units together so as to obtain the total effluent flow of the river basin outlet. The method is applicable to forecasting computation of the small floods in reservoirs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the computing method of three-bristle cudrania woods reservoir medium and small flood forecast, belong to water conservancy flood control forecasting technique field.
Background technology
Three-bristle cudrania woods water-control project is positioned at middle reaches, Xiu Shui master stream, northwest, Jiangxi.Repairing water is one of Poyang Lake water system five big rivers, rises in the Huanglong mountain of border, Hubei Province, Hunan Mufu mountain range, and Poyang Lake injects in Wu Cheng in the counties such as repairing water, Wuning, Yongxiu that flows through from West to East.14700 square kilometres of full drainage areas, 9340 square kilometres of three-bristle cudrania woods hinge controls account for 63.5% of full basin, 304 kilometers of master stream length overalls.
Repair the current territory and belong to monsoon region, the southeast, Asia, be one of five torrential rain centers, Jiangxi, average annual precipitation is 1615 millimeters for many years, and wherein half precipitation concentrates on for 4～June, and heavy rain occurs between 5～July mostly, with June frequency maximum.Luxuriant, the table soil loosening of vegetation belongs to humid region in the basin.Embracing sub-stone above is mountain area, the upper reaches, and The turbulent river crashes its way through, the average gradient 1.05 ‰ in river course, and river surface is wide 50～100 meters; Embracing sub-stone to three-bristle cudrania woods is the hills area, middle reaches, have three all, two basins, Wuning, and the average gradient 0.42 ‰ in river course, the water surface is by 150 meters expansion to 300～400 meter; Be downstream below the three-bristle cudrania woods, the river course is fade-in the river plain, and the flow of water is mild, average gradient only 0.12 ‰.Repair 676 meters of water total throws, average annual run-off 108.1 billion cubic meters, 67.42 ten thousand kilowatts of water ability reserves.The basin vegetation is good, and the river silt content is little, only 1,530,000 tons of average annual sedimentary loadings.The basin belongs to the moistening monsoon climatic region of middle subtropical zone, and vegetation is abundant, is main with China fir and masson pine, and the crinosity bamboo.Rare trees such as camphor tree, nanmu, Chinese catalpa, cypress and yellow wingceltis are arranged.Forest-covered area is higher than the whole province's level.More than 20,000 of large, medium and small type reservoir and dyke built up in full basin; 572 kilometers on flood control country fair dike reaches a large amount of diversions, water lift engineering, and effective irrigation area reaches 10.9 ten thousand hectares; 9.08 ten thousand hectares of areas of high yields irrespective of drought or water logging account for 68% and 57% of total area under cultivation in the basin respectively.
It is main with generating that hinge is one, has the hydraulic engineering of comprehensive benefits such as flood control, irrigation, shipping, breed concurrently.The hinge key construction has key dam, pays two on dam, two in spillway, flood discharging tunnel, generating diversion system and factory building, irrigation draught buildings, navigation structure etc.Reservoir begins retaining in January, 1972, August in the same year first unit generation, four unit full operations June in 1975.Three-bristle cudrania woods reservoir normal high water level (N.H.W.L.) is 65.0 meters, 64.0 meters of limits of flood-season water level, 50.0 meters of level of dead waters, 47.0 meters of limit level of dead waters; 70.13 meters of design flood levels, 73.01 meters in the highest flood, total reservoir storage 79.2 billion cubic meters (being that China has built a maximum reservoir of storage capacity in the earth and rockfill dam reservoir at present); Utilizable capacity 34.47 billion cubic meters wherein, storage capacity 32.00 billion cubic meters, minimum capacity of a reservoir 15.7 billion cubic meters; Storage coefficient 42.7%, runoff usage factor 93.4% is carry-over storage.
The effect of human activity was bigger in the three-bristle cudrania woods was reservoir watershed; Have numerous reservoirs, dykes such as big section, Dong Jin, Pan Xi; The reservoir of storage capacity more than hundred ten thousand steres reaches more than 60, and the drainage area of control is more than 2700 square kilometres, and aggregate storage capacity reaches more than 12 billion cubic meters.When the real-time prediction operation; Except that might obtaining reservoir, minority reservoir (Ru Dongjin, big section) goes out the library information; Most of reservoirs all seldom arrive the ruuning situation information of reservoir; Thereby brought at the beginning of very big influence, especially medium and small flood and the flood or the flood first time behind the drouth for the simulation of historical flood process and Real-time Flood Forecasting scheduling.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, a kind of computational algorithm and model that is applicable to the forecast of three-bristle cudrania woods reservoir medium and small flood is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, is divided into many module units basin to the basin, and each basin, unit is done to produce runoff concentration calculation, draws the rate of discharge process in basin, unit; Export following river flood calculation again, try to achieve the discharge process of basin outlet; The process of the effluenting addition in each basin, unit, just tried to achieve the process of always effluenting of basin outlet.
Computing method of the present invention mainly comprise:
(1) evapotranspiration is calculated
Adopt the model of three soil layers, its parameter is deep layer evapotranspiration coefficient C, evapotranspiration conversion factor K, and aeration zone tension force water capacity WM divides upper strata WUM, the WLM of lower floor, deep layer WDM; Soil moisture W divides upper strata WU, the WL of lower floor, deep layer WD.
The evapotranspiration computing formula is following:
When the upper strata tension force water amount of holding was enough, upper strata evapotranspiration was: EU=K * EM
Dried when the upper strata, and lower floor's amount of holding is when enough, then: EU=WU
ＥＬ＝Ｋ×ＥＭ×ＷＬ／ＷＬＭ
When lower floor's amount of holding also not enough, in the time of touching deep layer: EU=WU; EL=WL
ＥＤ＝Ｃ×Ｋ×ＥＭ
(2) runoff yield calculates
Press the runoff yield under saturated storage notion, parameter is aeration zone tension force water capacity WM, the degree B of tension force water reservoir capacity curve, and waterproof area ratio I M, MM is a basin maximum point reservoir capacity, used formula is:
ＭＭ＝ＷＭ×(１＋Ｂ)／(１－ＩＭ)
Ａ＝ＭＭ(１－(１－Ｗ/ＷＭ)
１／(１＋Ｂ))
As P-K * EM≤0, then R=0
Otherwise, when P-K * EM+A MM,
Ｒ＝Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ－ＷＭ＋Ｗ＋ＷＭ×（１－（Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ＋Ａ）／ＭＭ）
１＋Ｂ
Not so, R=P-KEM-WM+W then
R is a runoff yield in the formula
(3) divide the water source to calculate
Divide three kinds of water sources, i.e. surface runoff RS, run in depth RG and interflow RSS.Parameter is veneer of soil free water reservoir capacity SM, the degree EX of top layer free water reservoir capacity curve, and top layer free water pondage is to the COEFFICIENT K SS that effluents of phreatic effluent COEFFICIENT K G and interflow, and used formula does
ＭＳ＝(１＋ＥＸ)×ＳＭ
ＡＵ＝ＭＳ×(１－(１－Ｓ／ＳＭ)
１／(１＋ＥＸ))
ＦＲ＝(Ｒ－ＩＭＰ×(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ))／(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ)
ＲＧ＝Ｓ×ＫＧ×ＦＲ
ＲＳＳ＝Ｓ×ＫＳＳ×ＦＲ
As P-K * EM≤0, RS=0
Otherwise, when P-K * EM+AU MS, then
ＲＳ＝(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ－ＳＭ＋Ｓ＋ＳＭ×(１－(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ＋ＡＵ)／ＭＳ)
１＋ＥＸ)×ＦＲ
As P-K * EM+AU >=MS, then
ＲＳ＝(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ＋Ｓ－ＳＭ)×ＦＲ
(4) runoff concentration calculation
Run in depth is simulated with linear reservoir, and its coefficient of extinction is KKG, goes out to flow into the network of waterways.Also with linear reservoir simulation, its coefficient of extinction is KKSS to the deep layer free water of interflow.Confluxing and disregard in the hillside fields of surface runoff, directly gets into the network of waterways.Computing formula is:
ＱＧ(Ｉ)＝ＱＧ(Ｉ－１)×ＫＫＧ＋ＲＧ(Ｉ)×(１－ＫＫＧ)×Ｕ
ＱＩ(Ｉ)＝ＱＩ(Ｉ－１)×ＫＫＳＳ＋ＲＳＳ(Ｉ)×(１－ＫＫＳＳ)×Ｕ
Wherein U is a unit conversion factor, and the concentration of river network of cellar area calculates with unit hydrograph method.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the computing method of three-bristle cudrania woods reservoir medium and small flood forecast of the present invention are calculated easy in the medium and small flood forecast, forecast accurately.
The present invention is applicable to that medium and small reservoir flood forecasting calculates.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the invention practical implementation in the forecast of three-bristle cudrania woods reservoir medium and small flood is calculated.
Three-bristle cudrania woods model of reservoir is the decentralized structure, and it is divided into many module units basin to the basin, and each basin, unit is done to produce runoff concentration calculation, draws the rate of discharge process in basin, unit.Export following river flood calculation again, try to achieve the discharge process of basin outlet.The process of the effluenting addition in each basin, unit, just tried to achieve the process of always effluenting of basin outlet.
Model is input as actual measurement rainfall P, actual measurement evaporation from water surface EM; Be output as basin rate of discharge Q, basin evapotranspiration E.
Model structure and computing method can be divided into following four major parts.
1) evapotranspiration is calculated
With the model of three soil layers, its parameter is deep layer evapotranspiration coefficient C, evapotranspiration conversion factor K, and aeration zone tension force water capacity WM divides upper strata WUM, the WLM of lower floor, deep layer WDM.
Soil moisture W divides upper strata WU, the WL of lower floor, deep layer WD.Formula is following:
When the upper strata tension force water amount of holding was enough, upper strata evapotranspiration was:
ＥＵ＝Ｋ×ＥＭ
Dried when the upper strata, and lower floor's amount of holding is when enough, then:
ＥＵ＝ＷＵ
ＥＬ＝Ｋ×ＥＭ×ＷＬ／ＷＬＭ
When lower floor's amount of holding also not enough, in the time of touching deep layer:
ＥＵ＝ＷＵ
ＥＬ＝ＷＬ
ＥＤ＝Ｃ×Ｋ×ＥＭ
2) runoff yield calculates
Press the runoff yield under saturated storage notion, parameter is aeration zone tension force water capacity WM, the degree B of tension force water reservoir capacity curve, and waterproof area ratio I M, used formula does
ＭＭ＝ＷＭ×(１＋Ｂ)／(１－ＩＭ)
Ａ＝ＭＭ(１－(１－Ｗ/ＷＭ)
１／(１＋Ｂ))
As P-K * EM≤0, then R=0
Otherwise, when P-K * EM+A MM,
Ｒ＝Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ－ＷＭ＋Ｗ＋ＷＭ×（１－（Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ＋Ａ）／ＭＭ）
１＋Ｂ
Not so, R=P-KEM-WM+W then
In the formula: R is a runoff yield; MM is a basin maximum point reservoir capacity.
3) divide the water source to calculate
Divide three kinds of water sources, i.e. surface runoff RS, run in depth RG and interflow RSS.Parameter is veneer of soil free water reservoir capacity SM, the degree EX of top layer free water reservoir capacity curve, and top layer free water pondage is to the COEFFICIENT K SS that effluents of phreatic effluent COEFFICIENT K G and interflow, and used formula is:
ＭＳ＝(１＋ＥＸ)×ＳＭ
ＡＵ＝ＭＳ×(１－(１－Ｓ／ＳＭ)
１／(１＋ＥＸ))
ＦＲ＝(Ｒ－ＩＭＰ×(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ))／(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ)
ＲＧ＝Ｓ×ＫＧ×ＦＲ
ＲＳＳ＝Ｓ×ＫＳＳ×ＦＲ
As P-K * EM≤0, RS=0
Otherwise, when P-K * EM+AU MS, then
ＲＳ＝(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ－ＳＭ＋Ｓ＋ＳＭ×(１－(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ＋ＡＵ)／ＭＳ)
１＋ＥＸ)×ＦＲ
As P-K * EM+AU >=MS, then
ＲＳ＝(Ｐ－Ｋ×ＥＭ＋Ｓ－ＳＭ)×ＦＲ
4) runoff concentration calculation
Run in depth is simulated with linear reservoir, and its coefficient of extinction is KKG, goes out to flow into the network of waterways.Also with linear reservoir simulation, its coefficient of extinction is KKSS to the deep layer free water of interflow.Confluxing and disregard in the hillside fields of surface runoff, directly gets into the network of waterways.Computing formula is:
ＱＧ(Ｉ)＝ＱＧ(Ｉ－１)×ＫＫＧ＋ＲＧ(Ｉ)×(１－ＫＫＧ)×Ｕ
ＱＩ(Ｉ)＝ＱＩ(Ｉ－１)×ＫＫＳＳ＋ＲＳＳ(Ｉ)×(１－ＫＫＳＳ)×Ｕ
Wherein U is a unit conversion factor.The concentration of river network of cellar area calculates with unit hydrograph method.
The character of model parameter with approximately the value:
1) B is the degree of tension force water reservoir capacity curve, the unevenness that reservoir capacity distributes on the face of reflection basin.Relevant with area generally speaking, to getting 0.1, get 0.2～0.3 during thousand square kilometres of hundreds ofs to less than five square kilometres basin, get about 0.4 in the time of several thousand square kilometres.
2) C is a deep layer evapotranspiration coefficient, is decided by the area coverage of dark root thing, and the district can reach 0.18 in many forest lands, south, and the north half humid region is about 0.08.
3) EX is the index of free water reservoir capacity curvilinear equation on the runoff yield area.It is decided by the uneven distribution of top layer free water water storage condition, generally about 1～1.5.
4) IMP is the percentage that waterproof area accounts for full drainage area on the face of basin.This value is very little in natural basin, is about 0.01～0.02, and the area, cities and towns then maybe be very big.
5) K is an evapotranspiration ability conversion factor, generally gets 0.5～1.
6) WM=WUM+WLM+WDM upper, middle and lower-ranking soil water storage capacity.The maximum water deficit of basin tension force water just, the degree of drought in expression basin.WM is about 100 millimeters in China south, and northern half humid region is about 170 millimeters.WUM comprises that plant holds back, desirable 5 millimeters at openning, and desirable 20 millimeters of many forest lands.WLM often gets 60～90 millimeters.
7) SM is a free water reservoir filling capacity, and this parameter receives the influence of rainfall data time slot homogenizing, when use day as the time during segment length, in the very thin mountain area of soil layer, its value is 10 millimeters or smaller.In the luxuriant very strong basin of water permeability of the dark woods of soil, its value can reach 50 millimeters or bigger, and general basin is between 10～20 millimeters.When the segment length reduced when getting, this parameter should strengthen.How many this parameters plays a decisive role to surface runoff.
8) KG is the phreatic coefficient that effluents in the free water.
9) KSS is the coefficient that effluents of free water interflow.
These two coefficients that effluent of KG and KSS are parallelly connected, itself and the speed of (KG+KSS) representing free water to effluent.For a basin, they all are constants.End to the time that interflow is ended from rain in basin about 1000 square kilometres, is generally about 3 days, is equivalent to KG+KSS=0.7; If water-break is lasted for 2 days, then KG+KSS=0.8.
10) KKG is the interflow coefficient of extinction.As not having the deep layer interflow, KKG is tending towards 0; When interflow was enriched very much, KKG was tending towards 0.9, and being equivalent to the concentration time is 10 days.
11) KKSS is the underground water coefficient of extinction.Segment length when being with the day, this value is generally 0.98～0.988, and being equivalent to the concentration time is 50～500 days.
Claims (1)
1. the computing method of a three-bristle cudrania woods reservoir medium and small flood forecast is characterized in that said method is divided into many module units basin to the basin, and each basin, unit is done to produce runoff concentration calculation, draw the rate of discharge process in basin, unit; Export following river flood calculation again, try to achieve the discharge process of basin outlet; The process of the effluenting addition in each basin, unit, just tried to achieve the process of always effluenting of basin outlet.
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| CN105929466A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-09-07 | 国家电网公司 | Flood forecast method dealing with influence on human activities |
| CN108597189A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-28 | 河海大学 | Small watershed geological disaster and flood warning method in distribution based on Critical Rainfall |
| CN109816154A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-05-28 | 浙江同川工程咨询有限公司 | A kind of small watershed mountain torrents forecasting procedure |
| CN114819301A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-29 | 广东省水文局韶关水文分局 | Flood forecasting method for medium and small rivers |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105303264A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-02-03 | 南京南瑞集团公司 | Flood forecasting method under influences of human activities |
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| CN109816154A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-05-28 | 浙江同川工程咨询有限公司 | A kind of small watershed mountain torrents forecasting procedure |
| CN114819301A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-29 | 广东省水文局韶关水文分局 | Flood forecasting method for medium and small rivers |
| CN114819301B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-12-13 | 广东省水文局韶关水文分局 | Flood forecasting method for medium and small rivers |
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