CN102590460B - Method for rating of raw milk quality - Google Patents
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- CN102590460B CN102590460B CN201210054655.8A CN201210054655A CN102590460B CN 102590460 B CN102590460 B CN 102590460B CN 201210054655 A CN201210054655 A CN 201210054655A CN 102590460 B CN102590460 B CN 102590460B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000020185 raw untreated milk Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007621 cluster analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 231100000678 Mycotoxin Toxicity 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002636 mycotoxin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008452 baby food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012009 microbiological test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012562 intraclass correlation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021393 food security Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000273 veterinary drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Dairy Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for rating of raw milk quality. The method for rating of raw milk quality comprises the following steps of determining fat content, protein content, fungimycin content, total bacterial colony content and impurity content of a raw milk sample, respectively carrying out normalization treatment on data of the fat content, the protein content, the fungimycin content, the total bacterial colony content and the impurity content through the existing neural network normalization method, drawing a radar map according to the treated data, carrying out cluster analysis of the treated data by the radar map, transforming the radar map into a pyramid form by a topological transformation method of mathematics, carrying out inverted normalization treatment on data of the pyramid form, and carrying out grading of the data of the pyramid form according to raw milk quality information needed actually so that rating of raw milk quality is realized. The method for rating of raw milk quality can realize concise and clear rating of raw milk quality by a three dimensional image, is reasonable and feasible, has a wide application scope and a high practical value, and is conducive to objective evaluation and selection given by consumers, enterprises and milk farmers on quality of raw milk and congeneric related foods according to vital interests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of method of rating of raw milk quality, belongs to food security and quality field.
Background technology
Field of food safety about the safety of lactogenesis is: within 2010, country has promulgated 66 national food safety standard such as " lactogenesis " (GB19301-2010), wherein defining total plate count index in lactogenesis is 2,000,000 CFU/ milliliters, lactogenesis protein content is greater than 2.8%, fat content is greater than 3.1%, the relevant criterion such as pollutant limitation, mycotoxin limitation, Pesticide Residue and residue of veterinary drug limitation, it is classification acquisition criteria that country encourages enterprise to arrange total plate count in lactogenesis purchase, guide dairy farmer's standardization breeding scale, improve constantly Raw Milk Quality.
Abroad, the standard comprising the national lactogenesis grading of International Dairy Federation (IDF) of Canada, Czech, New Zealand, the U.S., Britain, Japan etc. just carries out classification for milk composition wherein, aerobic plate count and impurity degree respectively, milk composition is all taken seriously and composition height person price is higher, aerobic plate count and impurity scale standard are divided into four to five grades, and are not quite similar for the Interventions Requested of foodsafety each International Dairy Federation member national requirements.Now no matter domestic or external, be all limited in using several key factor as rating scale, with the information of plane, static, unilateral model approach reflection lactogenesis quality, but all can not in time, the succinct quality effectively reflecting lactogenesis.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the method setting up rating of raw milk quality, formulate relevant rating system, for similar food quality grading reflects that the foundation of quality information model provides a kind of new method more comprehensively, exactly, realized by following technical proposal.
The invention provides a kind of method of rating of raw milk quality, through following each step:
(1) content of fat in lactogenesis sample is measured; Measure the content of protein in lactogenesis sample; Measure the content of mycotoxin in lactogenesis sample; Measure the content of total plate count in lactogenesis sample; Measure the content of lactogenesis sample impurity degree;
(2) use existing neural network method for normalizing to be normalized respectively the data of each content of step (1) gained, then data separate radar map is carried out cluster analysis;
(3) use existing topological transformation method in mathematics that radar map drawn for step (2) is changed into pyramid form, and the data in pyramid are carried out renormalization process;
(4) by the lactogenesis quality information needed for reality, the Various types of data in step (3) pyramid is carried out classification, namely realizes the grading of lactogenesis quality.
In described mensuration lactogenesis sample, the content of fat uses the GB5413.3-2010 mensuration of fat " in infant food and the dairy products " to measure.
In described mensuration lactogenesis sample, the content of protein uses GB5009.5-2010 " mensuration of Protein in Food " to measure.
In described mensuration lactogenesis sample, the content of mycotoxin uses existing vapor-phase chromatography to measure.
In described mensuration lactogenesis sample, the content of total plate count uses GB4789.2-2010 " microbiological test of food hygiene total plate count mensuration " to measure.
The content of described mensuration lactogenesis sample impurity degree uses GB5413.30-2010 " mensuration of Extraction hydrochloric acid impurity degree " to measure.
The present invention carries out rating of raw milk quality research according to Dairy Cattle species characteristic and the regularity of distribution, the innovation sample methods of sampling, reduction detects sample, improves the representativeness of sample, science simultaneously, for a kind of new theoretical method is explored in generic sample investigation on a large scale; Pass through proof analysis again, study and set up rating of raw milk quality Three-Dimensional Dynamic pyramid model, break through the modeling method of conventional two-dimensional plane pyramid model, for similar food quality grading reflects that the foundation of quality information model provides a kind of new thinking more comprehensively, exactly.
On the national standard basis of lactogenesis, use for reference country of International Dairy Federation lactogenesis rating scale, explore rating of raw milk quality crucial effect key element, and build the computing method of rating of raw milk quality crucial effect key element weight; Build rating of raw milk quality theoretical method, formulate relevant rating system, the lactogenesis grade scale being about to formulate for the Ministry of Agriculture provides theoretical reference, simultaneously for relevant food quality ratings provides theory support and method to use for reference, for consumer selects dairy products to provide science, just measurement instrument.
Beneficial effect of the present invention and advantage are:
(1) the method breaks through conventional two-dimensional plane rating methods, divides lactogenesis quality grade simple and clear by 3-D view;
(2) methods of sampling science, novelty in the method, and can effectively reduce detection sample;
(3) the method reasonable, applied range;
(4) the present invention is applied to the grading to lactogenesis and intra-class correlation food quality, the method is simple and convenient, there is very high practical value, and contribute to consumer, enterprise, dairy farmer and from vital interests, objective evaluation and selection are made to lactogenesis and intra-class correlation food quality respectively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the lactogenesis quality crucial effect element distribution radar map of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the rating of raw milk quality pyramid model figure of embodiment 1.
Embodiment
Illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but these examples do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
To in the milk cow investigation in ecological cattle farm, somewhere, Yunnan, first the hereditary feature of this cattle farm is investigated and analysed, grasp this area's milk cow hereditary feature, wherein will be divided into three groups by milk cow: establish and newly introduce external cows R
1, original seed group R
2, mating population R
3; Then use for reference International Dairy Federation's national standard, use clustering methodology and techniques of discriminant analysis to refine the crucial effect key element of this cattle farm lactogenesis quality: mycotoxin, total plate count, protein, fat and impurity degree etc.
First cows R is randomly drawed respectively
1, R
2, R
3lactogenesis sample some, often kind is divided into three groups, x
1, x
2, x
3represent cows R
1measured value; x
4, x
5, x
6represent cows R
2measured value; x
7, x
8, x
9represent cows R
3measured value.
(1) the GB5413.3-2010 mensuration of fat " in infant food and the dairy products " is used to carry out measuring the content (unit is: g/100g) of fat in lactogenesis sample: a
1=3.92, a
2=3.81, a
3=3.84; a
4=3.31, a
5=3.21, a
6=3.39; a
7=3.81, a
8=3.68, a
9=3.73; GB5009.5-2010 " mensuration of Protein in Food " is used to carry out measuring the content (unit is: g/100g) of protein in lactogenesis sample: b
1=3.18, b
2=3.11, b
3=3.15; b
4=2.86, b
5=2.90, b
6=2.94; b
7=3.12, b
8=3.05, b
9=3.09; Existing vapor-phase chromatography is used to carry out measuring the content (unit is: μ g/kg) of mycotoxin in lactogenesis sample: c
1=0.31, c
2=0.29, c
3=0.36; c
4=0.46, c
5=0.42, c
6=0.48; c
7=0.37, c
8=0.34, c
9=0.35; GB4789.2-2010 " microbiological test of food hygiene total plate count mensuration " is used to carry out measuring the content (unit is: CFU/g (mL)) of total plate count in lactogenesis sample: d
1=1.38 × 10
6, d
2=0.75 × 10
6, d
3=0.94 × 10
6, d
4=1.58 × 10
6, d
5=1.59 × 10
6, d
6=1.76 × 10
6, d
7=1.29 × 10
6, d
8=1.02 × 10
6, d
9=1.41 × 10
6; GB5413.30-2010 " mensuration of Extraction hydrochloric acid impurity degree " is used to carry out measuring the content (unit is: mg/kg) of lactogenesis sample impurity degree: e
1=2.31, e
2=2.98, e
3=2.40; e
4=3.85, e
5=3.64, e
6=3.71; e
7=3.05, e
8=3.12, e
9=3.41;
(2) use existing neural network method for normalizing to be normalized respectively the data of each content of step (1) gained, obtain 15 groups of corresponding data: a '
1=0.265, a '
2=0.229, a '
3=0.239; A '
4=0.068, a '
5=0.035, a '
6=0.094; A '
7=0.229, a '
8=0.187, a '
9=0.203; B '
1=0.136, b '
2=0.111, b '
3=0.125; B '
4=0.021, b '
5=0.036, b '
6=0.050; B '
7=0.114, b '
8=0.089, b '
9=0.104; C '
1=0.360, c '
2=0.420, c '
3=0.320; C '
4=0.080, c '
5=0.160, c '
6=0.040; C '
7=0.300, c '
8=0.360, c '
9=0.340; D '
1=0.310, d '
2=0.625, d '
3=0.530; D '
4=0.210, d '
5=0.205, d '
6=0.120; D '
7=0.355, d '
8=0.490, d '
9=0.295; E '
1=0.443, e '
2=0.225, e '
3=0.371; E '
4=0.400, e '
5=0.038, e '
6=0.090; E '
7=0.238, e '
8=0.205, e '
9=0.148; Again by each data of dividing into groups respectively label be 1. ~, and described point, line, be depicted as radar map and carry out cluster analysis, as shown in Figure 1;
(3) use topological transformation method (
;
represent the largest circumference of radar map,
rrepresent the distance of described point to the center of circle), radar map drawn for step (2) is changed into pyramid form, and the data in pyramid are carried out renormalization process;
(4) by the lactogenesis quality information needed for reality, the Various types of data in step (3) pyramid is carried out classification, namely realizes the grading of lactogenesis quality.
What quantizing range corresponding to index at different levels can realize lactogenesis quality is rated A(top grade), the good level of B(), C(middle rank).Division is made to the lactogenesis quality of this cattle farm, and generating three-dimensional figures picture, then according to surveying cows R
1, R
2, R
3data complete grading according to ranking method.Last rating result is: cows R
1the lactogenesis produced is A level, cows R
3the lactogenesis produced is B level, cows R
2the lactogenesis produced is C level (as shown in Figure 2).
Claims (6)
1. a method for rating of raw milk quality, is characterized in that through following each step:
(1) content of fat in lactogenesis sample is measured; Measure the content of protein in lactogenesis sample; Measure the content of mycotoxin in lactogenesis sample; Measure the content of total plate count in lactogenesis sample; Measure the content of lactogenesis sample impurity degree;
(2) use existing neural network method for normalizing to be normalized respectively the data of each content of step (1) gained, then data separate radar map is carried out cluster analysis;
(3) use existing topological transformation method in mathematics that radar map drawn for step (2) is changed into pyramid form, and the data in pyramid are carried out renormalization process;
(4) by the lactogenesis quality information needed for reality, the Various types of data in step (3) pyramid is carried out classification, namely realizes the grading of lactogenesis quality.
2. the method for rating of raw milk quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described mensuration lactogenesis sample, the content of fat uses the GB5413.3-2010 mensuration of fat " in infant food and the dairy products " to measure.
3. the method for rating of raw milk quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described mensuration lactogenesis sample, the content of protein uses GB5009.5-2010 " mensuration of Protein in Food " to measure.
4. the method for rating of raw milk quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described mensuration lactogenesis sample, the content of mycotoxin uses existing vapor-phase chromatography to measure.
5. the method for rating of raw milk quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described mensuration lactogenesis sample, the content of total plate count uses GB4789.2-2010 " microbiological test of food hygiene total plate count mensuration " to measure.
6. the method for rating of raw milk quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the content of described mensuration lactogenesis sample impurity degree uses GB5413.30-2010 " mensuration of Extraction hydrochloric acid impurity degree " to measure.
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| CN105699611A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-22 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Quality grade division method for fresh and raw milk |
| CN105787073A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-07-20 | 上海源庐加佳信息科技有限公司 | Enterprise credit assessment method based on big data mining technology |
| CN106198900B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-06-15 | 深圳市检验检疫科学研究院 | Food safety assessment method and device |
| CN110992357B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2023-04-14 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Radar chart analysis method, medium and single chip microcomputer for storing radar chart analysis method and respective application |
| CN116660482B (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-10-27 | 北京三元食品股份有限公司 | Food quality evaluation method based on mineral element content and content ratio and application thereof |
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