CN102589858A - Blade static loading bench and blade static test system - Google Patents
Blade static loading bench and blade static test system Download PDFInfo
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
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Abstract
本发明公开一种叶片静态加载台及叶片静态试验系统。公开的叶片静态加载台包括固定叶片的台体,还包括加载装置和位移驱动机构;加载装置包括回转驱动机构、底座和加载架,加载架通过回转机构安装在底座上;加载驱动机构安装在加载架上;台体上具有轨道,底座与轨道滑动配合。在叶片由于受力而弯曲,加载点的叶片法线与加载作用力的方向之间的具有加载偏角或加载偏角过大时,加载装置沿轨道相对于台体移动,加载架相对于底座旋转,进而在不改变加载点位置的情况下,调整加载作用力的方向,使加载作用力的方向与该加载点的叶片法线保持一致或使二者之间的加载偏角保持在预定的范围之内,这样就能够减小加载作用力与加载点叶片法线方向实际负载之间的差别。
The invention discloses a blade static loading platform and a blade static test system. The disclosed blade static loading platform includes a platform for fixing blades, and also includes a loading device and a displacement drive mechanism; the loading device includes a rotary drive mechanism, a base and a loading frame, and the loading frame is installed on the base through the rotary mechanism; the loading drive mechanism is installed on the loading frame. on the shelf; there is a track on the table body, and the base and the track are slidingly matched. When the blade is bent due to the force, there is a loading deflection angle between the blade normal of the loading point and the direction of the loading force or the loading deflection angle is too large, the loading device moves along the track relative to the platform, and the loading frame relative to the base Rotate, and then adjust the direction of the loading force without changing the position of the loading point, so that the direction of the loading force is consistent with the normal line of the blade at the loading point or the loading deflection angle between the two is maintained at a predetermined In this way, the difference between the loading force and the actual load in the normal direction of the blade at the loading point can be reduced.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种风力发电设备的试验技术,特别涉及一种用于对风力发电设备的叶片进行加载的叶片静态加载台,还涉及一种包括该叶片静态加载台的叶片静态试验系统。The invention relates to a test technology of wind power generation equipment, in particular to a blade static loading platform for loading blades of wind power generation equipment, and also relates to a blade static test system comprising the blade static loading platform.
背景技术 Background technique
风力发电设备包括叶片和发电机,叶片用于吸收风能,将风能转换为机械能并驱动发电机运转,使发电机输出电能。叶片为长条状结构,其根端与轮毂相连,尖端向外伸出。在风力发电设备运行过程中,叶片在风力作用下旋转,通过轮毂带动发电机输入轴旋转,使发电机输出电能。叶片运行性能的优劣直接决定能量转换的效率,决定风力发电设备是否能够正常运转;因此,叶片一直是风力发电设备的关键部件,许多国家还颁布了与叶片相关的技术标准。Wind power generation equipment includes blades and generators. The blades are used to absorb wind energy, convert wind energy into mechanical energy and drive generators to output electrical energy. The blade is a long strip structure, its root end is connected with the hub, and the tip protrudes outward. During the operation of wind power generation equipment, the blades rotate under the action of wind, and drive the input shaft of the generator to rotate through the hub, so that the generator outputs electric energy. The operating performance of blades directly determines the efficiency of energy conversion and determines whether wind power generation equipment can operate normally; therefore, blades have always been a key component of wind power generation equipment, and many countries have also promulgated technical standards related to blades.
由于叶片的受力非常复杂,且其负载不能精确确定,因此,在生产之后,需要对叶片的相关技术参数进行检测,以确定叶片的实际承载能力;同时,在获得相关技术参数的基础上,可以确定叶片的型号,进而为确定叶片系列规格提供准确依据。Since the force of the blade is very complicated, and its load cannot be accurately determined, after production, it is necessary to test the relevant technical parameters of the blade to determine the actual bearing capacity of the blade; at the same time, on the basis of obtaining the relevant technical parameters, The model of the blade can be determined, thereby providing an accurate basis for determining the specifications of the blade series.
叶片的相关技术参数中,静态强度是表征叶片技术状态的关键数据。当前,对叶片静态强度进行检测主要通过加载机构对叶片的预定位置进行加载,根据加载作用力及叶片产生的挠度变形获得相应的强度参数数据。中国专利文献CN201397251Y就公开一种多功能叶片测试试验台,该试验台具有台体和试验坑等结构;在对叶片进行检测时,先将叶片固定,并使叶片中间部分悬空;然后,再用起重机或其他起吊装置,从上方或侧面对叶片进行加载,完成静态强度试验,获得叶片静态强度参数。Among the relevant technical parameters of the blade, the static strength is the key data that characterizes the technical state of the blade. At present, the detection of the static strength of the blade is mainly through the loading mechanism to load the predetermined position of the blade, and obtain the corresponding strength parameter data according to the loading force and the deflection deformation generated by the blade. Chinese patent document CN201397251Y discloses a multifunctional blade test bench, which has structures such as a bench body and a test pit; when the blade is tested, the blade is first fixed, and the middle part of the blade is suspended; A crane or other lifting device loads the blade from above or from the side, completes the static strength test, and obtains the static strength parameters of the blade.
请参考图1,该图是现有技术中叶片静态强度试验的加载原理示意图。图中,叶片100根端固定,从叶片根端到叶片尖端,设置有五个加载点1、2、3、4和5,形成五个加载作用力F1、F2、F3、F4和F5。在加载过程中,如图中虚线所示,叶片100会产生弯曲,各加载点位置会产生相应位移变化,从根端到尖端,各加载点的位移量逐渐增加。如第1个加载点处,在叶片100弯曲之后,作用力F1的方向会与该位置的叶片法线(与通过该点水平切线垂直的水平线)之间具有一个加载偏角;这样,在叶片法线方向上,叶片100的加载点1处的实际承载的作用力就会与作用力F1不同,因此,作用力F1并不能表征加载点1的实际负载;同样,其他各加载点的作用力与相应加载点的实际负载也不相同,也不能表征相应加载点的实际负载。另外,由于叶片100弯曲曲率不同,通过换算也很难获得准确的各加载点的实际负载;这样根据各作用力获得的叶片100的静态强度参数与叶片100实际静态强度参数之间就会存在误差,进而无法准确地确定叶片100的技术状态。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the loading principle of the blade static strength test in the prior art. In the figure, the root end of the
因此,如何提高叶片静态强度试验获得的静态强度参数的准确度是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术难题。Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of the static strength parameters obtained from the blade static strength test is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的第一个目的在于,提供一种叶片静态加载台,以减小加载作用力与相应加载点叶片法线方向的实际负载之间的差别。The first object of the present invention is to provide a blade static loading table to reduce the difference between the loading force and the actual load in the normal direction of the blade at the corresponding loading point.
在提供上述叶片静态加载台的基础上,本发明的第二目的在于,提供了一种包括上述叶片静态加载台的叶片静态试验系统,以更准确地获得叶片静态强度参数。On the basis of providing the blade static loading table above, the second object of the present invention is to provide a blade static test system comprising the above blade static loading table, so as to obtain blade static strength parameters more accurately.
本发明提供的叶片静态加载台包括台体,所述台体一端具有与叶片根端配合的固定机构,使叶片的尖端沿纵向另一端延伸,还包括加载装置和位移驱动机构;所述加载装置包括回转驱动机构、加载驱动机构、底座和加载架,所述加载架通过回转机构安装在所述底座上,所述回转驱动机构驱动加载架相对于与底座回转;所述加载驱动机构安装在加载架上;所述台体上具有两端分别向台体两端分别延伸的轨道,所述底座与所述轨道滑动配合;所述位移驱动机构驱动加载装置沿所述轨道移动。The blade static loading table provided by the present invention includes a table body, and one end of the table body has a fixing mechanism matched with the root end of the blade, so that the tip of the blade extends along the other end in the longitudinal direction, and also includes a loading device and a displacement driving mechanism; the loading device It includes a rotary drive mechanism, a loading drive mechanism, a base and a loading frame. The loading frame is installed on the base through a rotary mechanism, and the rotary drive mechanism drives the loading frame to rotate relative to the base; the loading drive mechanism is installed on the loading frame. on the frame; the two ends of the platform are respectively extended to the two ends of the track, and the base is slidingly matched with the track; the displacement driving mechanism drives the loading device to move along the track.
可选的,所述轨道直线延伸,且其延伸方向与台体的长度方向平行。Optionally, the track extends linearly, and its extending direction is parallel to the length direction of the platform.
可选的,所述台体还包括倒“T”定位轨道槽和竖向定位轨道面,所述底座包括垂直受力滚轮和水平受力滚轮,所述垂直受力滚轮的滚动面与所述倒“T”定位轨道槽的内顶面相配合,所述水平受力滚轮的滚动面与所述水平定位面相配合。Optionally, the table body also includes an inverted "T" positioning track groove and a vertical positioning track surface, the base includes vertical force rollers and horizontal force rollers, the rolling surfaces of the vertical force rollers are in line with the The inner top surface of the inverted "T" positioning track groove cooperates, and the rolling surface of the horizontal force-bearing roller cooperates with the horizontal positioning surface.
可选的,包括两个分别位于所述加载装置两侧的所述位移驱动机构;所述位移驱动机构包括安装在台体上的两个卷筒和两个换向机构,所述换向机构包括相对应的纵向定滑轮和横向定滑轮;一个钢丝绳的一端与加载装置的前部相连,另一端顺序绕过一个换向机构的纵向定滑轮和横向定滑轮,再绕在一个卷筒上;另一个钢丝绳的一端与加载装置的后部相连,另一端顺序绕过另一个换向机构的纵向定滑轮和横向定滑轮,再绕在另一个卷筒上。Optionally, it includes two displacement drive mechanisms located on both sides of the loading device; the displacement drive mechanism includes two reels and two reversing mechanisms installed on the platform, and the reversing mechanism Including corresponding longitudinal fixed pulleys and horizontal fixed pulleys; one end of a steel wire rope is connected to the front of the loading device, and the other end is sequentially wound around a longitudinal fixed pulley and a horizontal fixed pulley of a reversing mechanism, and then wound on a drum; One end of the other steel wire rope is connected with the rear portion of the loading device, and the other end is wound around the longitudinal fixed pulley and the horizontal fixed pulley of another reversing mechanism in sequence, and then wound on another drum.
可选的,所述位移驱动机构的两个卷筒上钢丝绳绕向相反,且两个卷筒的旋转轴线重合,并由一个动力源驱动。Optionally, the wire ropes on the two reels of the displacement driving mechanism are wound in opposite directions, and the rotation axes of the two reels coincide, and are driven by a power source.
可选的,包括多个加载装置和与加载装置相对应的位移驱动机构;多个加载装置沿台体的纵向方向排列。Optionally, multiple loading devices and displacement drive mechanisms corresponding to the loading devices are included; the multiple loading devices are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the platform.
本发明提供的叶片静态试验系统包括控制器、力传感器和上述任一种叶片加载试验台;所述力传感器用于获取加载装置对叶片的加载作用力;所述控制器用于控制位移驱动机构和回转驱动机构。The blade static test system provided by the present invention includes a controller, a force sensor and any one of the above-mentioned blade loading test benches; the force sensor is used to obtain the loading force of the loading device on the blade; the controller is used to control the displacement drive mechanism and Rotary drive mechanism.
可选的,所述加载驱动机构的施力端通过钢丝绳与叶片的加载点相连,所述力传感器安装在钢丝绳与施力端之间,或安装在钢丝绳与叶片的加载点之间。Optionally, the force applying end of the loading drive mechanism is connected to the loading point of the blade through a steel wire rope, and the force sensor is installed between the steel wire rope and the force applying end, or between the steel wire rope and the loading point of the blade.
可选的,还包括安装在叶片加载点的角度检测装置,所述角度检测装置用于检测叶片加载点的叶片法线与钢丝绳延伸方向之间的加载偏角;所述控制器根据角度检测装置获得的加载偏角控制位移驱动机构和回转驱动机构。Optionally, it also includes an angle detection device installed at the blade loading point, the angle detection device is used to detect the loading deflection angle between the blade normal of the blade loading point and the extension direction of the wire rope; the controller according to the angle detection device The obtained loading deflection controls the displacement drive mechanism and the slewing drive mechanism.
可选的,所述加载装置的动力源为伺服电机,所述位移驱动机构的动力源为步进电机,所述回转驱动机构的动力源为同步伺服电机。Optionally, the power source of the loading device is a servo motor, the power source of the displacement drive mechanism is a stepper motor, and the power source of the rotary drive mechanism is a synchronous servo motor.
本发明提供的叶片静态加载台中,除包括台体之外,还包括加载装置和与加载装置相对应的位移驱动机构;所述加载装置包括回转驱动机构、加载驱动机构、底座和加载架。通过加载驱动机构可以对叶片预定的加载点加载预定作用力;在叶片由于受力而弯曲,加载点的叶片法线与加载驱动机构加载的作用力方向之间产生加载偏角或加载偏角过大时,可以通过位移驱动机构驱动加载装置沿轨道相对于台体移动;同时,通过回转驱动机构使加载架相对于底座旋转,使加载驱动机构相对于台体旋转预定角度,进而在不改变叶片加载点位置的情况下,调整加载驱动机构加载作用力的方向,使该作用力的加载方向与该加载点的叶片法线保持一致或使二者之间的加载偏角保持在预定的范围之内;这样就能够以减小加载驱动机构的加载作用力与相应加载点的叶片法线方向的实际负载之间的差别。The blade static loading table provided by the present invention includes a loading device and a displacement driving mechanism corresponding to the loading device in addition to the table body; the loading device includes a rotary driving mechanism, a loading driving mechanism, a base and a loading frame. The predetermined force can be applied to the predetermined loading point of the blade through the loading drive mechanism; when the blade is bent due to the force, a loading deflection angle or a loading deflection angle is generated between the normal line of the blade at the loading point and the direction of the force loaded by the loading drive mechanism. When it is large, the displacement drive mechanism can be used to drive the loading device to move along the track relative to the table body; at the same time, the rotary drive mechanism can be used to rotate the loading frame relative to the base, so that the loading drive mechanism can rotate a predetermined angle relative to the table body, and then without changing the blade In the case of the loading point position, adjust the direction of the loading force of the loading drive mechanism so that the loading direction of the force is consistent with the normal line of the blade at the loading point or keep the loading deflection angle between the two within a predetermined range In this way, the difference between the loading force of the loading drive mechanism and the actual load in the normal direction of the blade at the corresponding loading point can be reduced.
在进一步的技术方案中,使所述轨道直线延伸,且其延伸方向与台体的长度方向平行;这样可以更方便地控制加载装置的水平位移和旋转角度,更容易调整加载驱动机构加载作用力的方向。In a further technical solution, the track is extended in a straight line, and its extension direction is parallel to the length direction of the platform; this can more conveniently control the horizontal displacement and rotation angle of the loading device, and it is easier to adjust the loading force of the loading drive mechanism direction.
在进一步的技术方案中,所述台体还包括倒“T”定位轨道槽和竖向定位轨道面,所述底座包括水平受力滚轮和垂直受力滚轮,所述垂直受力滚轮的滚动面与所述倒“T”定位轨道槽的内顶面相配合,所述水平受力滚轮与所述竖向定位轨道面相配合。垂直受力滚轮能够平衡加载装置的倾覆力矩,水平受力滚轮能够平衡加载装置的承受的水平方向的作用力,二者相结合可以保持加载装置的运动的整体稳定性。In a further technical solution, the table body also includes an inverted "T" positioning track groove and a vertical positioning track surface, the base includes horizontal force-bearing rollers and vertical force-bearing rollers, and the rolling surface of the vertical force-bearing rollers Cooperate with the inner top surface of the inverted "T" positioning track groove, and cooperate with the vertical positioning track surface of the horizontal force bearing roller. The vertical force roller can balance the overturning moment of the loading device, and the horizontal force roller can balance the horizontal force of the loading device. The combination of the two can maintain the overall stability of the loading device's movement.
在进一步的技术方案中,通过卷筒和钢丝绳的配合,能够保证位移驱动机构的工作稳定性和可靠性;同时,位移驱动机构通过钢丝绳同时与加载装置的前部和后部相连,能够保证加载装置移动的稳定性。In a further technical solution, the working stability and reliability of the displacement driving mechanism can be guaranteed through the cooperation of the reel and the wire rope; at the same time, the displacement driving mechanism is connected to the front and rear of the loading device through the wire rope, which can ensure the loading Stability of device movement.
在进一步的技术方案中,所述位移驱动机构的两个卷筒的旋转轴线重合,且由一个动力源驱动。这样就可以在保证位移驱动机构工作稳定性的同时,提高位移驱动机构的工作可靠性。In a further technical solution, the rotation axes of the two drums of the displacement driving mechanism coincide with each other and are driven by a power source. In this way, the working reliability of the displacement driving mechanism can be improved while ensuring the working stability of the displacement driving mechanism.
在进一步的技术方案中,叶片静态加载台包括多个加载装置和与加载装置相对应的位移驱动机构;多个加载装置在台体的纵向方向上排列。这样不仅可以同时对叶片的多个加载点进行加载,还可以使叶片静态加载台能够对多种类型、多种长度的叶片进行加载,增加叶片静态加载台的适应性。In a further technical solution, the blade static loading platform includes multiple loading devices and displacement drive mechanisms corresponding to the loading devices; the multiple loading devices are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the platform body. In this way, not only can multiple loading points of the blade be loaded at the same time, but also the blade static loading table can load blades of various types and lengths, thereby increasing the adaptability of the blade static loading table.
在提供上述叶片加载试验台的基础上,包括上述叶片加载试验台的提供的叶片静态试验系统也具有相应的技术效果。On the basis of providing the above-mentioned blade loading test rig, the provided blade static test system including the above-mentioned blade loading test rig also has corresponding technical effects.
在进一步的技术方案中,所述加载驱动机构的施力端通过钢丝绳与叶片的加载点相连,所述力传感器安装在钢丝绳与施力端之间,或安装在钢丝绳与叶片的加载点之间。通过加载拉力对叶片加载作用力,可以提高作用力检测的准确性;用力传感器直接检测钢丝绳传递的加载作用力,可以提高测量的准确性。In a further technical solution, the force application end of the loading drive mechanism is connected to the loading point of the blade through a steel wire rope, and the force sensor is installed between the steel wire rope and the force application end, or between the steel wire rope and the blade loading point. The accuracy of force detection can be improved by applying force to the blade by loading tension; the force sensor can directly detect the load force transmitted by the wire rope, which can improve the accuracy of measurement.
在进一步的技术方案中,还包括安装在叶片加载点的角度检测装置,所述角度检测装置用于检测叶片加载点的叶片法线与钢丝绳延伸方向之间的加载偏角;所述控制器根据角度检测装置获得的加载偏角控制位移驱动机构和回转驱动机构。通过角度检测装置反馈的加载偏角,控制器实时控制位移驱动机构和回转驱动机构,进而实时控制加载装置相对于台体的位移和加载架体与底座之间的回转角度,使加载作用力的方向与相应加载点叶片法线方向保持在更小的范围内,更进一步的减少加载作用力与相应加载点叶片法线方向上的实际负载之间的差别,提高叶片静态试验系统检测数据的准确性。In a further technical solution, it also includes an angle detection device installed at the blade loading point, the angle detection device is used to detect the loading deflection angle between the blade normal line of the blade loading point and the extension direction of the steel wire rope; the controller according to The loading deflection angle obtained by the angle detection device controls the displacement drive mechanism and the slewing drive mechanism. Through the loading deflection angle fed back by the angle detection device, the controller controls the displacement drive mechanism and the rotation drive mechanism in real time, and then controls the displacement of the loading device relative to the table body and the rotation angle between the loading frame and the base in real time, so that the loading force The direction and the normal direction of the blade at the corresponding loading point are kept within a smaller range, further reducing the difference between the loading force and the actual load in the normal direction of the blade at the corresponding loading point, and improving the accuracy of the detection data of the blade static test system sex.
所述加载装置的动力源为伺服电机,所述位移驱动机构的动力源为步进电机,所述回转驱动机构的动力源为同步伺服电机。这样一方面可以方便叶片静态试验系统的控制,另一方面可以提高叶片静态试验系统控制的精确性。The power source of the loading device is a servo motor, the power source of the displacement drive mechanism is a stepper motor, and the power source of the rotary drive mechanism is a synchronous servo motor. In this way, on the one hand, the control of the blade static test system can be facilitated, and on the other hand, the control accuracy of the blade static test system can be improved.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是现有技术中,叶片静态强度试验的加载原理示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the loading principle of the blade static strength test in the prior art;
图2是本发明实施例提供的叶片静态加载台的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a blade static loading platform provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例提供的叶片静态加载台中,随动加载单元的俯视图;Fig. 3 is a top view of the follow-up loading unit in the blade static loading platform provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图4是图3的A向视图;Fig. 4 is the A direction view of Fig. 3;
图5为图3的B向视图;Fig. 5 is the B direction view of Fig. 3;
图6是本发明实施例提供的叶片静态加载台的加载原理示意图;Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the loading principle of the blade static loading platform provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明提供的叶片静态加载台中,加载装置的下视立体结构图;Fig. 7 is a bottom perspective structural view of the loading device in the blade static loading platform provided by the present invention;
图8是本发明提供的叶片静态试验系统的控制框图。Fig. 8 is a control block diagram of the blade static test system provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述,本部分的描述仅是示范性和解释性,不应对本发明的保护范围有任何的限制作用。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not have any limiting effect on the protection scope of the present invention.
请参考图2,图2是本发明实施例提供的叶片静态加载台的结构示意图;为了描述方便,图中还示出的叶片100。Please refer to FIG. 2 . FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a blade static loading platform provided by an embodiment of the present invention; for the convenience of description, a
本发明实施例提供的叶片静态加载台包括台体200和5个加载单元;其中,5个加载单元包括两个随动加载单元300和三个根部加载单元400,各加载单元均具有加载驱动机构,加载驱动机构的施力端通过钢丝绳101与叶片100的5个加载点1、2、3、4、5相连;钢丝绳101与叶片100的加载点之间通常设置适当的夹具,以保证钢丝绳101与叶片100加载点之间连接的可靠性,并防止损伤叶片100的表面。台体200一端设置有固定机构,叶片100的根端通过固定机构固定在台体200上,叶片100尖端沿纵向方向向台体200的另一端延伸。The blade static loading table provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a
根部加载单元400包括根部加载架和安装在根部加载架的加载驱动机构;3个固定加载单元的加载驱动机构通过一个钢丝绳101与加载点3、4和5相连;加载点3、4和5靠近叶片100的根端。为了方便加载点的调整,适应对不同长度、不同类型叶片100的加载的需要;本例中,台体200上设置有在纵向方向延伸的根部轨道210,根部加载单元400的根部加载架与根部轨道210滑动配合;这样,固定加载单元400的加载架就可以沿根部轨道210相对于台体200移动,使根部加载单元400的加载驱动机构能够与叶片100不同位置相对应,进而调整叶片100相应加载点的位置。The
请参考图3、4和5,图3是本发明实施例提供的叶片静态加载台中,随动加载单元的俯视图;图4是图3的A向视图;图5为图3的B向视图。Please refer to Figures 3, 4 and 5. Figure 3 is a top view of the follower loading unit in the blade static loading platform provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a view from the direction A of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a view from the direction B of Figure 3 .
随动加载单元300包括加载装置310和两个位移驱动机构320。与随动加载单元300相对应的台体200上表面部分设置轨道220;本例中,轨道220直线延伸,且其延伸方向与台体200的长度方向平行。The
加载装置310包括回转驱动机构、加载驱动机构314、底座311和加载架312。底座311与轨道220滑动配合,使加载装置310能够相对于台体200沿轨道220移动;本例中,底座311包括有可旋转的移动滚轮3111,移动滚轮3111与轨道220相配合。加载架312通过回转机构313安装在底座311上,回转机构313的回转轴线与水平面垂直,这样,加载架312就可以相对于底座311在水平面内绕回转轴线旋转。回转驱动机构(图中未示出)用于驱动加载架312相对于底座311旋转,回转驱动机构可以包括动力源和齿图,动力源输出轴可以设置与齿图相啮合的齿轮;将动力源和齿图分别安装在加载架312和底座311上,就可以驱动加载架312相对于底座311旋转。回转驱动机构也可以是现有的其他具体结构。The
加载驱动机构314安装在加载架312上,用于产生加载作用力,对叶片100的预定加载点加载预定作用力。本例中,加载驱动机构314包括一个动力源和卷筒,动力源驱动卷筒旋转,卷筒绕有钢丝绳101,该钢丝绳101外端先绕过安装在加载架312上的定滑轮3121、3122再向叶片100的加载点伸出,这样可以使钢丝绳101的伸出端相对固定,避免由于卷筒缠绕位置不同而造成钢丝绳101伸出端的偏斜。同时,使定滑轮3121、3122安装位置具有适当的高度,这样可以调整钢丝绳101与叶片100加载点之间的水平度,以提高检测的准确度。The
位移驱动机构320包括安装在台体200上的两个卷筒321和两个换向机构322。结合图4和图5,每个换向机构322包括一个纵向定滑轮3221和横向定滑轮3222,纵向定滑轮3221垂直可旋转地安装在台体200上,且其旋转轴线与轨道220的延伸方向垂直;横向定滑轮3222也垂直可旋转地安装在台体200上,但其旋转轴线与轨道220延伸方向平行,即其旋转轴线与相对应的纵向定滑轮3221的旋转轴线垂直。本例中,横向定滑轮3222的位置高于纵向定滑轮3221的位置,且横向定滑轮3222钢丝槽外侧的垂向切线与纵向定滑轮3221钢丝槽外侧的垂向切线相对应。一个钢丝绳323的一端与加载装置310的前部,具体是底座311的前部(朝向叶片100方向为前)相连,另一端先从下方绕左侧(以图5为参照)换向机构322的纵向定滑轮3221垂直向上延伸;再横向延伸,从该换向机构322的横向定滑轮3222上方绕过,再绕在一个卷筒321上。同样,另一钢丝绳324的一端与底座311的后部相连,另一端先从下方绕另一个换向机构322的纵向定滑轮3221垂直向上延伸,再横向延伸,从该换向机构322的横向定滑轮3222上方绕过,再绕在另一个卷筒321上;钢丝绳323和324在两个卷筒321上绕向相反。本例中,两个卷筒321的旋转轴线重合,且由一个动力源驱动。两个位移驱动机构320分别位于加载装置310两侧;且对称布置。右侧(以图3为参照)位移驱动机构320分别通过钢丝绳325和326分别与底座311前部和后部相连。The
上述位移驱动机构320的工作原理是:在动力源驱动左侧的位移驱动机构320的两个卷筒321旋转时,由于两个卷筒321上钢丝绳323、324绕向相反,进而能够通过两个钢丝绳323、324驱动加载装置310向左侧移动;此时,右侧位移驱动机构320的两个卷筒321以相应的方向旋转,两个钢丝绳325、326松开。同样的原理,在动力源驱动右侧位移驱动机构的卷筒321旋转时,也能够驱动加载装置310向右移动。The working principle of the above-mentioned
根据上述描述,钢丝绳323缠绕方式不限于上述方式,根据横向定滑轮3222与纵向定滑轮3221位置不同,钢丝绳323可以以不同方向缠绕。如在横向定滑轮3222的位置低于纵向定滑轮3221的位置时,钢丝绳323一端可以先从上方绕过纵向定滑轮3221,然后垂直向下延伸,先横向绕过横向定滑轮3222,再绕到卷筒321上;同样,其他钢丝绳可以根据实际情况进行相应缠绕。According to the above description, the winding method of the
请参考图6,图6是本发明实施例提供的叶片静态加载台的加载原理示意图。Please refer to FIG. 6 . FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a loading principle of a blade static loading platform provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
5个加载单元分别通过其加载驱动机构对叶片的5个加载点进行加载;在加载过程中,叶片100各部分会产生相应变形,靠近尖端的加载点1和加载点2处的变形较大,使该加载点处的叶片法线(如图中虚线所示)逐渐偏斜。此时,如图6中随动加载单元300直线箭头所示,可以通过位移驱动机构320驱动随动加载单元300的加载装置310沿轨道220相对于台体200向右移动;同时,如图6中随动加载单元300中旋转箭头所示,通过回转驱动机构使加载架312相对于底座311旋转,使加载驱动机构314相对于台体200旋转预定角度,进而在不改变加载点1和加载点2位置的情况下,调整加载装置310的加载驱动机构314加载作用力的方向,使加载作用力的方向与相应加载点的叶片法线保持一致或使二者之间的加载偏角保持在预定的范围之内;这样就能够以减小各随动加载单元300中,加载驱动机构加载作用力与叶片100相应加载点叶片法线方向上的实际负载之间的差别。The five loading units respectively load the five loading points of the blade through their loading drive mechanisms; during the loading process, each part of the
对于加载点3、4和5来讲,由于叶片100的该位置变形量较小,各叶片法线偏斜量较小,可以保持固定加载单元400加载作用力的方向不变。For
请结合图5并参考图7,图7是本发明提供的叶片静态加载台中,加载装置下视立体结构图。底座311包括垂直受力滚轮3112和水平受力滚轮3113,垂直受力滚轮3112可旋转在安装底座311本体上,其旋转轴线与水平面平行;水平受力滚轮3113可旋转在安装底座311本体上,其旋转轴线与水平面垂直。与垂直受力滚轮3112和水平受力滚轮3113相对应,台体200上表面还形成倒“T”定位轨道槽201和包括竖向定位轨道面202的定位轨道槽,竖向定位轨道面202朝向加载装置310后部。垂直受力滚轮3112的滚动面与倒“T”定位轨道槽201的内顶面相配合,水平受力滚轮3113的滚动面与竖向定位轨道面201相配合。这样,垂直受力滚轮3112能够平衡加载装置310的倾覆力矩,水平受力滚轮3113能够平衡加载装置310的承受的水平方向的作用力,二者相结合可以保持加载装置310的运动的整体稳定性。本例中,加载架312为桁架结构,为了提高加载架312的稳定性,还可以在背向叶片100的后部设置配重块。Please refer to FIG. 5 in conjunction with FIG. 7 . FIG. 7 is a bottom perspective structural view of the loading device in the blade static loading platform provided by the present invention. The
根据上述描述,可以理解,轨道210不限于为直线型轨道,也可以是其他形状的轨道,只要其两端分别向台体200两端分别延伸,使加载装置310能够在纵向方向相对于台体200产生相对位移就可以实现发明的目的。另外,位移驱动机构320也不限于上述结构,也可以为其他能够驱动加载装置310沿预定轨道滑动的机构,比如:可以是丝杆导轨机构、齿轮齿条机构等等。According to the above description, it can be understood that the
在提供上述叶片加载试验台的基础上,本发明提供的叶片静态试验系统包括控制器、力传感器和上述叶片加载试验台。On the basis of providing the above-mentioned blade loading test bench, the blade static test system provided by the present invention includes a controller, a force sensor and the above-mentioned blade loading test bench.
请参考图8,该图是本发明提供的叶片静态试验系统的控制框图。控制器710的输出端与位移驱动机构320和回转驱动机构315相连,用于分别控制位移驱动机构320的动力源和回转驱动机构315的动力源,以通过位移驱动机构320控制各加载装置310的位置,并通过回转驱动机构315控制随动加载单元300中,加载驱动机构314的施力方向;当然,还可以通过控制器710控制随动加载单元300中加载驱动机构314的动力源,以控制加载驱动机构314产生的作用力;当然,也可以通过控制器710同时控制根部加载单元中的加载驱动机构的动力源。Please refer to FIG. 8 , which is a control block diagram of the blade static test system provided by the present invention. The output end of the controller 710 is connected with the
力传感器用于获取各加载装置对叶片100各加载点加载的作用力,并将获取的相关数据传递给适当的处理器。利用上述叶片加载试验台,可以更准确地获得叶片100的各加载点叶片法线方向的承受的负载,进而为核算叶片静态强度相关参数提供可靠依据。力传感器的安装位置可以根据实际需要设置,优选的方式为安装在钢丝绳101与加载驱动机构314的施力端之间,或安装在钢丝绳101与相对应叶片加载点之间,以通过直接测量的方式获得加载驱动机构的加载的作用力;也可以安装在图5所示的与定滑轮3121、3122相关的位置,以通过检测定滑轮3121、3122受力间接测量加载驱动机构314的加载作用力。The force sensor is used to acquire the force exerted by each loading device on each loading point of the
为了保证各加载点叶片法线与加载作用力方向之间的一致性,提高控制自动性;叶片静态试验系统还包括安装在叶片100的加载点1和加载点2上的两个角度检测装置720。角度检测装置720与控制器710的输入端相连,用于检测加载点1和加载点2的叶片法线与相应钢丝绳101延伸方向之间的加载偏角;控制器710根据角度检测装置720获得的加载偏角实时控制位移驱动机构320和回转驱动机构315,使加载点1和加载点2的叶片法线与相对应钢丝绳101的延伸方向尽量保持一致,或减小二者之间的加载偏角,减小加载作用力与叶片的相应加载点在叶片法线方向上的实际负载之间的差别,提高叶片静态试验系统检测数据的准确性。In order to ensure the consistency between the normal line of the blade at each loading point and the direction of the loading force, and improve the control automation; the blade static test system also includes two angle detection devices 720 installed on the
为了提高控制的准确性,本发明实施例中,加载驱动机构314的动力源为伺服电机,位移驱动机构320的动力源为步进电机,回转驱动机构315的动力源为同步伺服电机;这样一方面可以方便叶片静态试验系统的控制,另一方面可以提高叶片静态试验系统控制的精确性。当然,各驱动机构动力源可以根据实际需要选用,比如可以是液压元件。In order to improve the accuracy of control, in the embodiment of the present invention, the power source of the
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,比如,加载驱动机构314不限于通过拉力对叶片100加载,也可以通过推力或压力对叶片100加载,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, such as loading the
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CN109374403A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-02-22 | 江苏金风科技有限公司 | Blade test platform and blade test method |
CN109374403B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2021-01-22 | 江苏金风科技有限公司 | Blade testing platform and blade testing method |
CN112763176A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | High-precision ground calibration system and method for wing load |
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CN114659775A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Static strength test method and stretching device for rotary structural member of aircraft engine |
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