CN102580238B - Multilevel high and constant voltage pulse generator circuit - Google Patents
Multilevel high and constant voltage pulse generator circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102580238B CN102580238B CN201210056254.6A CN201210056254A CN102580238B CN 102580238 B CN102580238 B CN 102580238B CN 201210056254 A CN201210056254 A CN 201210056254A CN 102580238 B CN102580238 B CN 102580238B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a multilevel high and constant voltage pulse generator circuit. The multilevel high and constant voltage pulse generator circuit comprises a flyback high voltage charging circuit, a resistance network voltage division circuit, a triode constant voltage output control circuit and a microcontroller, wherein the flyback high voltage charging circuit generates high voltage through a flyback switching power supply and charges a reservoir capacitor; the resistance network voltage division circuit divides the high voltage of the reservoir capacitor through a resistance network, so the required voltages at different levels are obtained; the triode constant voltage output control circuit takes a bipolar triode as a follower, the constant differential voltage principle of an emitting electrode and a base electrode of the bipolar triode is utilized, so that constant voltage output control is realized; and the microcontroller is used for the charge control and feedback control of the flyback high voltage charging circuit, the control of various analog switches of the resistance network voltage division circuit, the output control of the triode constant voltage output control circuit and the like. The pulse width and magnitude of the pulse generator circuit can be adjusted, and the pulse generator circuit can be used for pre-operative nerve positioning and intraoperative nerve monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Medical Instruments technical field, be specifically related to a kind of pulsewidth, multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating that amplitude is adjustable, for preoperative nerve positioning and art Neural monitoring.
Background technology
Preoperative nerve stimulation can be used for locating nerve location, and in art, nerve stimulation can be used for monitoring neural status.
Peripheral blockade be a lot of operating must steps, and the position of accurately locating plexus nervorum is that blocking operation is successfully crucial.Traditional peripheral blockade operation adopts blind spy method in conjunction with internal anatomy, and the experience and the patient that rely on doctor judge to the feedback of paresthesia whether injection needle point arrives suitable position.If doctor lacks experience, the method that this blindness is soundd out may cause mechanical injuries and bring pain patient's nerve; Or patient being when lying in a comatose condition or mismatching, the method cannot be implemented, and especially for obese patient, its body surface causes body surface anatomic landmark not obvious owing to piling up significant quantities of fat, and it is very limited that the method effect becomes.
Nervous physiology monitoring technology is the new technique that current neurosurgery and field of spinal surgery are subject to extensive concern, it is mainly the electric pulse stimulation nerve by adopting special parameter, observe neural indices and understand and monitor neural function status, clinically with avoiding nerve injury and prevention of postoperative function of nervous system impaired in Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae.Wherein Motion Evoked Potential (MEP) monitoring is neural monitoring (Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in art, IONM) important component part of system, can under the condition of not opening cranium, apply stimulation to motor cortex, the integrity of nervous function in the hole in real-time assessment art, and point out patient to take intervening measure nerve injury is eliminated or reduced to minimum.The enforcement of MEP needs special high voltage, large electric current, short pulse electrostimulator, and the excursion of the voltage of output boost pulse, electric current, width is large, and stimulus modelity is many.。
Referenced patent: " plexus nervorum stimulating system and plexus nervorum stimulator ", application number 201120096646.6.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned two backgrounds, i.e. preoperative nerve stimulation can be used for locating nerve stimulation in nerve location and art and can be used for monitoring neural status, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of pulsewidth, multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating that amplitude is adjustable.According to clinical demand, can select the stimulus modelity that adopts parameter different, be mainly reflected in stimulus intensity, i.e. pulse amplitude, and pulse width, pulse spacing and pulse number.Be particularly suitable for Motion Evoked Potential monitoring.
One of key technology of nerve stimulator is the design of multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating, is also main contents of the present invention, is mainly reflected in high pressure, the multistage adjustable and constant voltage of output pulse amplitude.High pressure is that the highest output pulse amplitude of the present invention will reach kilovolt; Output pulse amplitude is multistage is adjustablely that the present invention can be according to default shelves level regulation output pulse amplitude; Constant voltage is the impact that output pulse amplitude is not changed by load impedance.
The adjustable multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating of pulsewidth, amplitude that the present invention proposes, is made up of inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit, resistor network bleeder circuit, audion constant-voltage output control circuit and microcontroller.Wherein, described inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit boosts to required high pressure and storage capacitor is charged for low-voltage dc power supply outer; Resistor network bleeder circuit carries out dividing potential drop by resistor network to the high pressure on storage capacitor, obtains required each step voltage; The base stage of described audion constant-voltage output control circuit is taken out required target voltage from resistor network, and according to the constant principle of the pressure reduction of transistor emitter and base stage, target voltage is loaded in the load that is connected on emitter stage to the constant voltage output pulse that the amplitude that finally realizes is adjustable; Described microcontroller is responsible for the control of each analog switch and the output control of audion constant-voltage output control circuit in the charging control of inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit and feedback control, resistor network bleeder circuit; The control of pulse width, pulse spacing and pulse number realizes by ON time, turn-off time and the conducting number of times of controlling main switch respectively.
The present invention can realize 0 and regulate to the fixing shelves level of pulse amplitude in kilovolt high pressure range.
Described inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit boosts to required high pressure by outer for low-voltage dc power supply by inverse-excitation type switch power-supply.Inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit can adopt the circuit described in patent ZL 200720074627.7 herein.
Described resistor network bleeder circuit can be divided into storage capacitor voltage required target shift level.
The present invention has adopted inverse-excitation type switch power-supply to obtain required high pressure.That inverse-excitation type switch power-supply has advantages of is simple in structure, cost is low, volume is little, efficiency is high.
One of major function of this pulse generating circuit is that output pulse amplitude classification is adjustable.Realize the adjustable method of pulse amplitude numerous, in conjunction with high pressure and the multistage adjustable requirement to circuit of output pulse amplitude, the present invention adopts resistor network to carry out dividing potential drop to storage capacitor voltage, obtains required each grade of step voltage.By capacitor discharge formula U
t=U
0e
-t/RC(wherein U
tfor electric capacity current voltage, U
0for electric capacity initial voltage) known, current voltage U
twith respect to initial voltage U
0decay by discharge time t, impedance discharge R and storage capacitor capacitance C determine.When the maximum of t discharge time, minima one timing of impedance discharge R, can be according to desired constant voltage error (U
twith respect to U
0decay) select suitable storage capacitor capacitance.Storage capacitor capacitance is larger, at t and R certain in the situation that, and U
twith respect to U
0decay less, the error of output pulse amplitude is less; But should be noted that, the capacitance of storage capacitor is larger, the time that is charged to certain voltage is just longer, and the volume of electric capacity is also larger.Therefore should require to select suitable storage capacitor capacitance according to the range of error setting and charging interval.
For resistor network bleeder circuit, the present invention has designed two schemes:
The first scheme is the method for design two-stage resistor network dividing potential drop.If voltage is divided into X shelves level, first order resistor network arranges P shelves level, second level resistor network arranges Q shelves level, X=PQ (P, Q are positive integer), second level resistor network is parallel on certain resistance of first order resistor network, can between certain resistance of second level resistor network and ground, obtain required shelves step voltage.For strengthening the driving force of second level resistor network, between first order resistor network and second level resistor network, apply follower.
First scheme is the single-stage resistor network of a kind of binary system index coding of design.This scheme can reduce resistance number, and improves the problem of second level resistance driving force deficiency.If voltage is divided into X shelves level, resistance is counted N and is met 2
n-1≤ X≤2
n, according to resistance present position, corresponding weights 2 are set
n(n=1,2 ...).There is the voltage of corresponding weight value at the resistance two ends of different weights, have realized the grading control of voltage by the voltage at analog switch composite object weights resistance two ends.
Two kinds of resistor networks respectively have pluses and minuses, are applicable to separately different application scenarios.The advantage of two-stage resistor network is that required analog switch number is little, controls simple; And the advantage of the resistor network of binary system index coding is that required resistance number is little, driving force is strong.
In order to realize constant voltage control, it is the impact that load voltage is not changed by load resistance, this invention adopts double pole triode as follower, utilize the constant principle of pressure reduction of its emitter stage and base stage, take out each step voltage by base stage, emitter stage puts in load, and colelctor electrode is connected to power supply, realizes constant voltage output and controls.
In the present invention, load current can reach amperage magnitude.In high pressure resistant audion field, the current amplification factor β of audion is mostly 10 left and right, and now, the by-pass current being provided by resistor network will be not enough to drive this audion normally to work.Therefore described audion constant-voltage output control circuit adopts multistage audion to be combined into the form of Darlington transistor.Every increase one-level audion, the driving force of base current will increase an order of magnitude.Meanwhile, the pressure reduction of single-stage transistor emitter and base stage is generally 0.7V at silicone tube, and the pressure reduction of multistage audion is with the increase growth in direct ratio of compound transistor number.Correspondingly, by compensating this linearity error at the diode of main resistor grid grounding end series connection respective amount.The current amplification factor β of the peak power according to divider resistance and audion is jointly weighed decision by the progression of resistor network resistance and compound transistor.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is circuit general diagram.
Fig. 2 is inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit diagram.
Fig. 3 is resistor network bleeder circuit figure A.
Fig. 4 is resistor network bleeder circuit figure B.
Fig. 5 is audion constant-voltage output control circuit figure.
Detailed description of the invention
This specific embodiment is to provide a kind of implementation that can be used for the multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating of Neural monitoring in preoperative nerve positioning and art.Design objective is: pulse amplitude 0-1200V, step-length 20V, pulse amplitude error ± 10%, pulse width 50 μ s-150us, 1-10 of the pulse numbers of each train of pulse.
Figure 1 shows that circuit general diagram of the present invention.12V DC source is boosted to 1250V by inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit S1, and storage capacitor C1 is charged; Resistor network bleeder circuit S2 is divided into 60 grades of levels to the 1200V in the 1250V voltage on storage capacitor C1 by mono-grade of every 20V; Audion constant-voltage output control circuit S3 utilizes the constant pressure difference of transistor emitter and base stage to realize the constant voltage control to load; Microcontroller is responsible for charging control and feedback control, the control of the each analog switch of resistor network bleeder circuit S2 and the output control of audion constant-voltage output control circuit S3 of inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit S1.
Figure 2 shows that inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit diagram of the present invention.Described inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit is connected to form by DC source DC, switching tube Q1, transformator T1, storage capacitor C1, diode D1, resistance R 1.Wherein the elementary one end (Same Name of Ends) of transformator T1 connects the positive pole of DC source, the drain electrode of another termination switching tube Q1; The source electrode of switching tube Q1 connects the negative pole of DC source and connects on the spot; The grid of switching tube Q1 fetches the control signal of self-controller.The termination of the same name of T1 level of transformator connects the negative pole of storage capacitor C1 and connects floating ground, the positive pole of another terminating diode D1; The negative pole of diode D1 connects the positive pole of storage capacitor C1.Resistance R 1 is in parallel with storage capacitor C1.The turn-on and turn-off of control signal Ctrl1 gauge tap pipe Q1.In the time of switching tube Q1 conducting, low-voltage dc power supply DC is to transformator T1 charging, and transformator T1 is elementary has electric current to flow through, and now secondary have induced potential, but because diode D1 oppositely ends, and secondary do not have an electric current, and stored energy is among transformator T1.In the time that switching tube Q1 turn-offs, it is 0 that primary current die-offs, but because transformer flux can not be suddenlyd change, secondary meeting induced inversion electromotive force, so diode D1 forward conduction is realized storage capacitor C1 is charged.Switching tube Q1 repeatedly switch can realize lasting charging, and final, stored energy is on storage capacitor.Inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit referenced patents ZL 200720074627.7 herein.
In the present invention, the minimum load impedance R1 ≈ 1K Ω of storage capacitor, the overall width t≤1.5ms of one group of output pulse sequence, storage capacitor capacitance C1=120uF, the pulse amplitude error of storage capacitor output is less than or equal to 1.3%.
Figure 3 shows that resistor network bleeder circuit figure A of the present invention.The emitter stage of R2 termination switching tube Q2 in the resistance string (resistance R 2, multiple R3 in this example) that the first order connects with series system, the floating ground of another termination; The colelctor electrode of switching tube Q2 connects the positive pole of storage capacitor C1, and base stage fetches the control signal ctrl2 of self-controller.The resistance string (in this example as multiple resistance R 4) that the second level connects taking series system by switch selectively and be connected in any one resistance R 3 in first order resistance string.In this circuit, voltage pulse output is 0-1200V, and stepping 20V is adjustable, establishes voltage and is divided into X=60 shelves level, and this resistor network adopts respectively first order P=6 shelves level, second level Q=10 shelves level.Conducting and the cut-off of control signal Ctrl2 gauge tap pipe Q2.In the time of switching tube Q2 conducting, 1250V voltage on storage capacitor C1 puts on the substitutional resistance R3 and a small resistor R2 of 6 connect in series, the pressure reduction of resistance R 2 both end voltage the 50V required power supply VCC of collector junction forward bias and base potential when follower is normally worked in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, each resistance R 3 both end voltage are 200V.The analog switch at resistor network two ends, the microprocessor controls second level, the divider resistance of the combined effect gating first order, is connected in parallel on the substitutional resistance of 10 connect in series in the second level at certain resistance two ends of the first order.Like this, the each resistance both end voltage in the second level is 20V, has realized stepping 20V and has regulated.
Figure 4 shows that resistor network bleeder circuit figure B of the present invention.By resistance R 5 resistance 1*R6, the 2*R6 relevant with a string resistance ..., 32*R6(wherein 2*R6 represent that resistance is 2 times of R6, remaining with) after series connection, the emitter stage of R3 place termination switching tube Q3, the floating ground of another termination; The colelctor electrode of switching tube Q4 connects the positive pole of storage capacitor C1, and base stage meets the control signal ctrl3 of controller.Voltage is divided into X=60 shelves level, so resistance is counted N=6.Conducting and the cut-off of control signal Ctrl3 gauge tap pipe Q4.In the time of switching tube Q4 conducting, 1250V voltage on storage capacitor C1 puts on the resistance R 6 of 6 connect in series and one in the resistance R 5 of this series resistance, the pressure reduction of the required power supply VCC of collector junction forward bias and base potential when resistance R 5 both end voltage 50V normally work for generation of follower in Fig. 5.The magnitude of voltage at each resistance two ends is proportional to its weights, and the voltage of different weights is combined, has obtained the target voltage of different shelves levels.Count the situation of N=6 for resistance, each resistance two ends all need 6 analog switches, and the different compound mode of analog switch realizes 6 series sequences that resistance is different, then take out the voltage of certain node, and its electromotive force is relatively exactly required target voltage.
Figure 5 shows that audion constant-voltage output control circuit figure of the present invention.Three audion Q5, Q6, Q7 are combined into Darlington transistor, the emitter stage of previous stage audion connects the base stage of rear one-level audion, the power supply VCC that colelctor electrode map interlinking 3 or Fig. 4 obtain, base stage obtains target voltage Vin from resistor network bleeder circuit S2, and it is upper by emitter stage, the output voltage V o of follower to be put on to load resistance RL, between Vo and Vin, be fixing pressure reduction 0.7V*3=2.1V.Meanwhile, the 2.1V pressure reduction causing for compensating three grades of followers, the diode that is 0.7V in three conducting voltage of main resistor grid grounding end series connection can be realized.
The control of pulse width, pulse spacing and pulse number realizes by ON time, turn-off time and the conducting number of times of the main switch Q2 in control figure 3 or the main switch Q4 in Fig. 4 respectively.
Above; be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, any be familiar with those skilled in the art the present invention disclose technical scope in; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in the protection domain of invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should require the protection domain being defined to be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (7)
1. a multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating, is characterized in that: comprise inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit, resistor network bleeder circuit, audion constant-voltage output control circuit and microcontroller, wherein:
Described inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit boosts to required high pressure and storage capacitor is charged for low-voltage dc power supply outer;
Described resistor network bleeder circuit carries out dividing potential drop by resistor network to the high pressure on storage capacitor, obtains required each step voltage;
The base stage of described audion constant-voltage output control circuit is taken out required target voltage from resistor network, and constant according to the pressure reduction of transistor emitter and base stage, target voltage is loaded in the load that is connected on emitter stage to the constant voltage output pulse that the amplitude that finally realizes is adjustable;
Described microcontroller is responsible for the control of each analog switch and the output control of audion constant-voltage output control circuit in the charging control of inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit and feedback control, resistor network bleeder circuit;
The control of pulse width, pulse spacing and pulse number is realized by ON time, turn-off time and the conducting number of times of controlling main switch respectively by microcontroller.
2. multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, realizes 0 and regulates to the fixing shelves level of pulse amplitude in kilovolt high pressure range.
3. multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inverse-excitation type high-voltage charging circuit is connected to form by DC source DC, switching tube Q1, transformator T1, storage capacitor C1, diode D1, resistance R 1; The wherein positive pole of the elementary termination DC source of the same name of transformator T1, the drain electrode of another termination switching tube Q1; The source electrode of switching tube Q1 connects the negative pole of DC source and connects on the spot; The grid of switching tube Q1 fetches the control signal of self-controller; The termination of the same name of T1 level of transformator connects the negative pole of storage capacitor C1 and connects floating ground, the positive pole of another terminating diode D1; The negative pole of diode D1 connects the positive pole of storage capacitor C1; Resistance R 1 is in parallel with storage capacitor C1.
4. multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described resistor network bleeder circuit is realized capacitance voltage is divided into X shelves level.
5. multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described resistor network bleeder circuit adopts two-stage resistor network, if voltage is divided into X shelves level, first order resistor network arranges P shelves level, and second level resistor network arranges Q shelves level, X=PQ, P, Q are integer, and second level resistor network is parallel on certain resistance of first order resistor network, can between certain resistance of second level resistor network and ground, obtain required shelves step voltage.
6. multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described resistor network bleeder circuit adopts the single-stage resistance of binary system index coding to realize, and establishes voltage and is divided into X shelves level, and resistance is counted N and met 2
n-1≤ X≤2
n, according to resistance present position, corresponding weights 2 are set
n, n=1,2 ..., there is the voltage of corresponding weight value at the resistance two ends of different weights, realize the grading control of voltage by the voltage at analog switch composite object weights resistance two ends.
7. multistage high pressure constant pressure impulse circuit for generating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described audion constant-voltage output control circuit is for to be combined into Darlington transistor form by multistage audion, and works in follower pattern.
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| CN103138719B (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2016-01-20 | 复旦大学 | Controllable constant voltage pulse generation circuit |
| CA3085193A1 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-20 | Radio Systems Corporation | Method and apparatus for applying, monitoring, and adjusting a stimulus to a pet |
| CN115227971B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-11-24 | 喻鹏铭 | Autonomic nerve electric stimulator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101069769A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2007-11-14 | 南京济生医疗科技有限公司 | Needle-free pain-relieving instrument and its setting method |
| CN101564574A (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-28 | 温立 | High-voltage pulse generating circuit suitable for extracorporeal defibrillator |
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| EP2575962B1 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2015-04-01 | University Health Network | Electrical stimulation device |
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| CN101069769A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2007-11-14 | 南京济生医疗科技有限公司 | Needle-free pain-relieving instrument and its setting method |
| CN101564574A (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-28 | 温立 | High-voltage pulse generating circuit suitable for extracorporeal defibrillator |
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