CN102577897A - Method for ecological safety evaluation on nilaparvata lugens by Bt genetically modified rice based on intervention of pesticides - Google Patents
Method for ecological safety evaluation on nilaparvata lugens by Bt genetically modified rice based on intervention of pesticides Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for ecological safety evaluation on nilaparvata lugens by Bt genetically modified rice based on intervention of pesticides. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: selecting triazophos and validamycin to simulate a pesticide spraying method for rice fields to respectively spraying the farm chemicals to the Bt genetically modified rice plant and a parent comparison rice plant during the tillering stage of the rice plant, collecting lower rice plant stems with a same growing condition for raising lately hatched nymphs of the nilaparvata lugens in an illumination incubator, recording the growing parameters of the nilaparvata lugens population and analyzing and comparing the population generation indexes after the farm chemicals are sprayed for 24h; putting 100 nymphs in third instar on each potted rice plant, checking the survival rate of the nymphs every 24h, and observing the injury grade of the rice plants respectively at seventh day and fourteenth day after the rice plants receiving the nymphs; and comparing the oxalate contents of the two rice plants after the farm chemicals are sprayed for 7 days. According to the invention, the facticity of ecological safety harmfulness evaluation on non-target important nilaparvata lugens by the Bt genetically modified rice plant is increased, and the method is low in cost and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on the method for agricultural chemicals intervention back trans Bt gene paddy rice to the brown planthopper safety evaluatio.
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of most important cereal crops of China; Insect is the key factor that causes the rice yield loss; The loss that causes like lepidoptera pest (striped rice borer, paddy stem borer, pink rice borer and rice leaf roller etc.) accounts for 2%~10% of Asia annual production, and the loss that China causes because of insect pest every year accounts for more than 5% of paddy rice gross yield.Along with the progress of biotechnology, anti-lepidoptera pest trans Bt gene (thuringiensis) rice varieties successfully comes out, and a lot of research confirms that they have tangible resistance to target pest.But the trans Bt gene paddy rice is not worldwide commercially produced widely, and this depends on their ecological environment security property and foodsafety to a great extent.In the evaluation of ecological environment security property, be the important content of anti-lepidoptera pest trans Bt gene rice safety property evaluation to the evaluation of non-target pest occurrence risk.
Change Cry2A gene (a kind of toxalbumin expressing gene) paddy rice T2A-1 from crop genetic improvement National Key Laboratory of Hua Zhong Agriculture University molecular biology locellus, the genes of interest of introducing in the genetically modified plants be artificial reconstructed synthetic thuringiensis (
Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt).From 2005; Transgenic pest-resistant rice T2A-1 has successively carried out pilot experiment and environment and has discharged in Hubei Province, result of the test shows, the T2A-1 inheritance stability; Harmless and economical character and bright extensive 63 basically identicals of former kind to non-target organism; Paddy rice main harm property snout moth's larva (striped rice borer and rice leaf roller) is had extremely strong and single-minded toxicity, but non-lepidoptera pest is not all had any resistance, especially break out the important pests brown planthopper that causes disaster in recent years continuously like paddy rice.For this reason; Domestic a lot of expert has set up some trans Bt gene paddy rice to rice fulgorid impact assessment method; Investigate this insect growth and development state like artificial feeding brown planthopper on the trans Bt gene paddy rice, or the generation harm situation of this insect of field investigation on the trans Bt gene paddy rice.These methods can fundamental reaction trans Bt gene paddy rice to the direct influence of brown planthopper, but do not consider other Effect of Environmental in the Rice Production process, especially like the effect of the agricultural chemicals of chemical control to brown planthopper.In fact, control effect preferably though the trans Bt gene paddy rice can have the target lepidoptera pest, the field will continue to use to the chemical pesticide of the non-target pest of trans Bt gene paddy rice undoubtedly.Therefore, set up a kind of agricultural chemicals and get involved the method for back trans Bt gene paddy rice, will for the effective prevention and control of brown planthopper in the trans Bt gene paddy rice important techniques support be provided more practically the brown planthopper safety evaluatio.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to above-mentioned present situation, aim to provide a kind of can be conscientiously for the trans Bt gene paddy rice to the generation harm of non-target important pests brown planthopper make safety evaluation, be easy to promote the use of get involved the method for back trans Bt gene paddy rice based on agricultural chemicals to the brown planthopper safety evaluatio.
Implementation of the present invention is that the trans Bt gene paddy rice may further comprise the steps the method for brown planthopper safety evaluatio after getting involved based on agricultural chemicals:
1) selection of agricultural chemicals: select Hostathion, the former medicine of jinggangmeisu for use, the concentration setting: Hostathion 10,20,40,80ppm; Jinggangmeisu 100,200,400,800ppm;
2) processing method: adopt pot rice to connect the worm method, the spray-on process dispenser;
3) spray medicine: spray pot rice in tillering stage, spray by pesticide concentration order from low to high during sprinkling, rice leaf and stem part are handled in spraying; Pot rice after the processing covers guard, and each processing and contrast all are provided with 5 repetitions, does not use pesticide-treated with water spray as the contrast representative;
4) safety is investigated:
1. brown planthopper population life parameters: trans Bt gene paddy rice and parent contrast paddy rice spray medicine 24h respectively simultaneously after; Gather the consistent paddy rice middle and lower part cane of growing way; Place in the glass, two strains paddy rice/cup, the back connects for every glass just incubates 10 of brown planthopper nymphs; In illumination box, cultivate, each is handled 5 times and repeats; Adopt the indoor Population life-table method of brown planthopper, the life parameters of brown planthopper population in the record process-each survival rate and the length of time, adult eclosion rate, male and female than, female worm life-span, are calculated trend index of population than, length wing type in the length of time;
2. the paddy rice rank of being injured: behind spray medicine 24h, cover pot rice with 80 order gauzes; Every cave paddy rice access nymph in 100 3 ages, 300 in every basin, the contrast water sprays; All confessions rice of trying the water grows under natural field; Each contrast and handle 20 repetitions, the survival of a nymph of inspection in per 24 hours, and do corresponding nymph and replenish.7d and 14d observe the rank of being injured after paddy rice connects worm respectively;
3. rice plant oxalic acid: adopt titanium trichloride determination of color oxalic acid content, get after the pesticide-treated 7 days rice plant, the back of weighing is with leaching juice excessively after tissue mashing machine's fragmentation; Add active carbon (addition be Normal juice volume the 1/4) 30min that decolours at normal temperatures, use 80-2 type centrifuge isolating active charcoal then, centrifuge speed is 3000 r/min; After solution is colourless or is creamy white; Getting 3ml rice juice adding 0.15ml concentration is that 1% titanium trichloride dissolves) colour developing, under 400 nm, measuring light absorption value on the spectrophotometer, prepare calibration curve with oxalic acid; Obtain regression equation, obtain the content of oxalic acid thus.
The present invention shows; After jinggangmeisu, two kinds of agricultural chemicals of Hostathion use; There is significant difference in influence to changeing brown planthopper resistant content of material in generation that Bt paddy rice and parent contrast brown planthopper population on the paddy rice and the paddy rice body, has estimated out the ecological security that the trans Bt gene paddy rice endangers non-target important pests brown planthopper generation more effectively.
The present invention based on agricultural chemicals field practical application concentration, around three important investigation indexs of brown planthopper generation harm, can operate completion in indoor and half field, more understandable grasp on operation sequence.Cost of the present invention aspect is cheap, as long as basic equipment that insects such as some insectaries, illumination box raise and centrifuge, spectrophotometric determination instrument are arranged, is easy to promote the use of.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 handles forward and backward trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) for jinggangmeisu and the parent contrasts the variation diagram that paddy rice (MH63) goes up the female egg laying amount of list of brown planthopper;
Fig. 2 handles forward and backward trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) for Hostathion and the parent contrasts the variation diagram that paddy rice (MH63) goes up the female egg laying amount of list of brown planthopper;
Fig. 3 handles forward and backward trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) for jinggangmeisu and the parent contrasts the variation diagram that paddy rice (MH63) goes up the trend index of population of brown planthopper;
Fig. 4 handles forward and backward trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) for Hostathion and the parent contrasts the variation diagram that paddy rice (MH63) goes up the trend index of population of brown planthopper;
Fig. 5 handles the variation diagram that forward and backward trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) and parent contrast paddy rice (MH63) stem stalk mesoxalic acid content for jinggangmeisu;
Fig. 6 handles the variation that forward and backward trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) and parent contrast paddy rice (MH63) stem stalk mesoxalic acid content for Hostathion.
Embodiment
The present invention selects for use the reason of Hostathion, jinggangmeisu to be: Hostathion is the chemical pesticide of rice field control commonly used snout moth's larva; But because the trans Bt gene paddy rice is not can be to all lepidoptera pests in the field; Like pink rice borer good prevention and control effect is arranged, so this medicine will use at the trans Bt gene rice field; On the other hand, existing research confirms the reproduction that the unreasonable use of Hostathion can stimulate brown planthopper, promptly promotes endangering of this insect.Whether this potential risk exists on the trans Bt gene paddy rice or amplifies to some extent, and this is an important content of the present invention.Jinggangmeisu is the conventional disease control chemical pesticide in rice field, also is common pesticides in the trans Bt gene paddy rice, and insect is not had direct toxic action, but maybe the generation of remote-effects brown planthopper through influencing paddy rice " physique " (against-plant hopper index in the body).Therefore, the present invention selects two kinds of Hostathions, jinggangmeisu and the relevant rice field common pesticides of brown planthopper harm.
1, material chosen and method for using:
The selection of agricultural chemicals: select Hostathion, jinggangmeisu, test used agricultural chemicals and be former medicine, jinggangmeisu is available from Yangzhou pioneer's chemical industry Co., Ltd, and Hostathion is available from Yangzhou farmingization green for a long time Co., Ltd.Concentration is provided with: Hostathion 10,20,40,80ppm; Jinggangmeisu 100,200,400,800ppm.
Adopt pot rice to connect the worm method, pesticide-treated is pressed pesticide concentration order from low to high in rice plant of tillering stage, spraying rice leaf and stem part.Trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) and parent contrast paddy rice (MH63) (Han Y.; Xu XL.; Ma WH.; Et al. 2011. The Influence of Transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac; Cry1C and cry2A Rice on Non-Target Planthoppers and Their Main Predators Under Field Conditions. Agricultural Sciences in China, 10 (11): 1739-1747.) (from crop genetic improvement National Key Laboratory of Hua Zhong Agriculture University molecular biology locellus, the depositary promises to undertake in 20 years and provides to the public.
Processing method: adopt pot rice to connect the worm method, the dispenser spray-on process is the spray-on process consistent with the field, and sprayer is the conical nozzle that a diameter 1mm is housed, pressure 45 psi, the simple and easy suitable device of flow 300mL/min.
The spray medicine: spray pot rice in tillering stage, spray by pesticide concentration order from low to high during sprinkling, rice leaf and stem part are handled in spraying; Pot rice after the processing covers guard, in case other factors are disturbed.Each processing and contrast all are provided with 5 repetitions, to spray water as contrast.
2, index is investigated in safety:
1) brown planthopper population life parameters: after trans Bt gene paddy rice and parent contrast paddy rice and spray medicine 24h respectively simultaneously; Gather the consistent paddy rice middle and lower part cane of growing way; Place in the glass (two strains paddy rice/cup); The back connects for every glass and just incubates 10 of brown planthopper nymphs, in illumination box, cultivates, and each is handled 5 times and repeats.Adopt the indoor Population life-table method of brown planthopper, the life parameters of brown planthopper population in the record process (each survival rate and the length of time, adult eclosion rate, male and female than, length wing type than, female worm life-span etc., calculating trend index of population) in the length of time.
2) the paddy rice rank of being injured: behind spray medicine 24h, cover pot rice with 80 order gauzes, every cave paddy rice is inserted 100 3 nymphs in age (every basin 3 caves), the sprinkling of contrast water.All confessions rice of trying the water grows under natural field.Each contrast and handle 20 repetitions, the survival of a nymph of inspection in per 24 hours, and do replenishing of corresponding nymph.7d and 14d observe the rank of being injured after paddy rice connects worm respectively.
3) rice plant oxalic acid content: oxalic acid content is the important indicator that paddy rice is just estimated the brown planthopper resistance in the paddy rice body, and the high more resistance of content is strong more.
Oxalic acid content of the present invention is measured and is adopted the titanium trichloride development process, gets after the pesticide-treated 7 days rice plant, and the back of weighing is with mistake leaching juice after tissue mashing machine's fragmentation; 30min at normal temperatures decolours to add active carbon (addition be Normal juice volume 1/4); Use 80-2 type centrifuge isolating active charcoal then, centrifuge speed is 3000 r/min, and once decolouring not exclusively; Use with quadrat method and carry out secondary decolourization, treat that its solution is colourless or slightly is creamy white.The paddy rice juice 3ml that gets centrifugal decolouring adds 1% titanium trichloride solution (analyzing pure) 0.15ml colour developing, under 400 nm, measuring light absorption value on the spectrophotometer, prepares calibration curve with oxalic acid, obtains regression equation, obtains the content of oxalic acid thus.
4, evaluation result analysis
Through above-mentioned processing method, after having obtained the two kinds of conventional pesticides in rice field and handling, trans Bt gene paddy rice and parent contrast paddy rice brown planthopper are taken place for the influence that endangers.The spy receives brown planthopper hazard level and three aspect analyses of paddy rice cane oxalic acid content following from brown planthopper population life parameters, paddy rice respectively:
1) brown planthopper population life parameters:
Pesticide-treated is forward and backward, and back trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) of Hostathion processing and parent contrast the population life parameters comparing result of the last brown planthopper of paddy rice (MH63) and see table 1.Jinggangmeisu is handled forward and backward trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) and parent and is contrasted the population life parameters comparing result that paddy rice (MH63) goes up brown planthopper and see table 2.
Visible from table 1 and table 2; Under the situation that does not have pesticide-treated (CK); Trans Bt gene paddy rice and parent contrast brown planthopper population life parameters no significant difference on the paddy rice; This is consistent to brown planthopper population impact assessment result with traditional trans Bt gene paddy rice, and promptly trans Bt gene paddy rice and non-transgenic paddy rice are to the no significant difference that influences of brown planthopper population.
But after the pesticide-treated, begin to occur difference between the growth of brown planthopper population in growth of brown planthopper population and the conventional rice on the trans Bt gene paddy rice.Difference becomes with pesticide-treated concentration, especially is embodied in the reproduction aspect.When handling 80ppm like Hostathion on the trans Bt gene paddy rice the single female egg laying amount of brown planthopper be significantly higher than on the non-transgenic paddy rice and (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2); Aspect brown planthopper population occurrence tendency of future generation; During Hostathion 10ppm handles; The trans Bt gene paddy rice also is significantly higher than non-transgenic paddy rice (seeing figure, 3,4).Thereby confirm, jinggangmeisu, two kinds of pesticide-treated of Hostathion, Hostathion is more obvious to the influence of brown planthopper on the trans Bt gene paddy rice.Abscissa indicated concentration among Fig. 1,2, ordinate are represented single female egg laying amount (grain).
2) the paddy rice rank of being injured:
With reference to table 3 and table 4, got aspect the contrast of food harm by brown planthopper in paddy rice, during no pesticide-treated (CK), receive rank that brown planthopper endangers on the trans Bt gene paddy rice a little more than the non-transgenic paddy rice, but the statistical analysis there was no significant difference.After jinggangmeisu is handled; Receive the rank of brown planthopper harm not have significant difference (seeing table 3,4) on two kinds of paddy rice; But after Hostathion is handled; The trans Bt gene paddy rice receives the conventional contrast paddy rice of the rank of brown planthopper harm that the trend (seeing table 3,4) of increase is arranged, and shows that promptly the use of Hostathion may increase the risk that the trans Bt gene paddy rice receives brown planthopper harm.Abscissa indicated concentration in the table 3,4, ordinate is represented trend index of population I.
3) paddy rice cane oxalic acid content:
Oxalic acid is one of representative biochemical substances of brown planthopper resistant harm in the paddy rice body, and its content height is proportional with resistance.The high more resistance of content is strong more.Oxalic acid content measure to adopt the titanium trichloride development process, gets after the pesticide-treated 7 days rice plant, and the back of weighing is with mistake leaching juice after tissue mashing machine's fragmentation; 30min at normal temperatures decolours to add active carbon (addition be Normal juice volume 1/4); Use 80-2 type centrifuge isolating active charcoal then, centrifuge speed is 3000 r/min, and once decolouring not exclusively; Use with quadrat method and carry out secondary decolourization, treat that its solution is colourless or slightly is creamy white.The paddy rice juice 3ml that gets centrifugal decolouring adds 1% titanium trichloride solution (analyzing pure) 0.15ml colour developing, under 400 nm, measuring light absorption value on the spectrophotometer, prepares calibration curve with oxalic acid, obtains regression equation, obtains the content of oxalic acid thus.
With reference to Fig. 5,6, when no pesticide-treated, oxalic acid content does not have significant difference in trans Bt gene paddy rice and the non-transgenic rice stem stalk, i.e. the brown planthopper resistant of oxalic acid level harm indifference.But after jinggangmeisu, two kinds of pesticide-treated of Hostathion, oxalic acid content is totally on a declining curve in two kinds of paddy rice bodies, and wherein the overall contents level of trans Bt gene paddy rice is lower than the non-transgenic paddy rice basically.(see figure 5) during jinggangmeisu 200ppm handles; Oxalic acid content significantly is lower than the content in the non-transgenic paddy rice body in the trans Bt gene paddy rice body; Being the trans Bt gene paddy rice significantly is lower than the non-transgenic paddy rice to the resistance of brown planthopper, similarly also visible Hostathion 20ppm of significant difference and 40ppm (see figure 6).This shows that after adding jinggangmeisu, two kinds of pesticide-treated of Hostathion, the trans Bt gene paddy rice is lower than the non-transgenic paddy rice to brown planthopper from the resistance aspect of oxalic acid angle, and this is unforeseeable in traditional assessment technique.
The present invention shows that jinggangmeisu, two kinds of agricultural chemicals of Hostathion all can obviously influence the content of the brown planthopper resistant material in growing of brown planthopper population and the paddy rice body, and wherein Hostathion endangers than favourable on the non-transgenic paddy rice brown planthopper on the trans Bt gene paddy rice.These results can not reflect in " one to one " effect ecological evaluation technology of traditional trans Bt gene paddy rice to brown planthopper, and the present invention has increased practical property for the trans Bt gene paddy rice to the generation of non-target important pests brown planthopper harm ecological security assessment.
Aspect the production practical application; Because after the trans Bt gene paddy rice is used; Chemical pesticide access times and usage amount to main lepidoptera pest control will obviously reduce, and the continuation of this respect agricultural chemicals is used and will be played the double effect of controlling the more weak lepidoptera pest of trans Bt gene paddy rice control.The present invention also confirms, when the working concentration of Hostathion is low, and influence and the basic indifference of conventional rice that brown planthopper on the trans Bt gene paddy rice is taken place and causes harm.Therefore, the present invention shows that changeing the Hostathion working concentration of causing harm safer to brown planthopper on the Cry2A trans-genetic hybrid rice is 20ppm.
The present invention based on agricultural chemicals field practical application concentration, around three important investigation indexs of brown planthopper generation harm, can operate completion in indoor and half field, more understandable grasp on operation sequence.Cost of the present invention aspect is cheap, as long as the basic equipment (insectary, illumination box) and the conventional plant biochemical substances determining instrument (centrifuge, spectrophotometer) that have some insects to raise are easy to promote the use of.
Table 3 jinggangmeisu is handled forward and backward Bt trans-genetic hybrid rice (T2A-1) and parent and is contrasted paddy rice (MH63) and contrasted by the rank of brown planthopper harm
Annotate: different lowercases are represented the significant difference on 5% level in the longitudinal comparison (Fisher ' s PLSD test).
Table 4 Hostathion is handled forward and backward trans Bt gene paddy rice (T2A-1) and parent and is contrasted paddy rice (MH63) and contrasted by the rank of brown planthopper harm
Annotate: different lowercases are represented the significant difference on 5% level in the longitudinal comparison (Fisher ' s PLSD test).
Claims (3)
1. get involved the method for back trans Bt gene paddy rice based on agricultural chemicals, it is characterized in that the brown planthopper safety evaluatio:
1) selection of agricultural chemicals: the former medicine of Hostathion and jinggangmeisu, concentration setting: Hostathion 10,20,40,80ppm; Jinggangmeisu 100,200,400,800ppm;
2) processing method: adopt pot rice to connect the worm method, the spray-on process dispenser;
3) spray medicine: spray pot rice in tillering stage, spray by pesticide concentration order from low to high during sprinkling, rice leaf and stem part are handled in spraying; Pot rice after the processing covers guard, and each processing and contrast all are provided with 5 repetitions, does not use pesticide-treated with water spray as the contrast representative;
4) safety is investigated:
1. brown planthopper population life parameters: trans Bt gene paddy rice and parent contrast paddy rice spray medicine 24h respectively simultaneously after; Gather the consistent paddy rice middle and lower part cane of growing way; Place in the glass, two strains paddy rice/cup, the back connects for every glass just incubates 10 of brown planthopper nymphs; In illumination box, cultivate, each is handled 5 times and repeats; Adopt the indoor Population life-table method of brown planthopper, the life parameters of brown planthopper population in the record process-each survival rate and the length of time, adult eclosion rate, male and female than, female worm life-span, are calculated trend index of population than, length wing type in the length of time;
2. the paddy rice rank of being injured: behind spray medicine 24h, cover pot rice with 80 order gauzes; Every cave paddy rice access nymph in 100 3 ages, 300 in every basin, the contrast water sprays; All confessions rice of trying the water grows under natural field; Each contrast and handle 20 repetitions, the survival of a nymph of inspection in per 24 hours, and do corresponding nymph and replenish; 7d and 14d observe the rank of being injured after paddy rice connects worm respectively;
3. rice plant oxalic acid: adopt titanium trichloride determination of color oxalic acid content, get after the pesticide-treated 7 days rice plant, the back of weighing is with leaching juice excessively after tissue mashing machine's fragmentation; Add active carbon, addition is 1/4 of a Normal juice volume, and 30min at normal temperatures decolours; Use 80-2 type centrifuge isolating active charcoal then, centrifuge speed is 3000 r/min, after solution is colourless or is creamy white; Getting 3ml rice juice adding 0.15ml concentration is that 1% titanium trichloride dissolves) colour developing, under 400 nm, measuring light absorption value on the spectrophotometer, prepare calibration curve with oxalic acid; Obtain regression equation, obtain the content of oxalic acid thus.
2. according to claim 1 based on the method for agricultural chemicals intervention back trans Bt gene paddy rice to the brown planthopper safety evaluatio; It is characterized in that simulating field spray method application method; Used spraying tool is the conical nozzle that a diameter 1mm is housed; Pressure 45 psi, the Portable sprayer of flow 300mL/min, simple and easy suitable device.
3. changeing the Hostathion exposure concentration of causing harm safe to brown planthopper on the Cry2A trans-genetic hybrid rice is 20ppm.
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