CN102567619B - A kind of method for metering carbon emission of roads in whole life cycle and its application - Google Patents
A kind of method for metering carbon emission of roads in whole life cycle and its application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for measuring life cycle management highway carbon emission, in carbon emission caused by so-called life cycle management highway carbon emission refers to social activities, construction with highway engineering and using the carbon emission in directly related life cycle management, including early construction, construction time, operation phase, dimension support the phase with removing five periods of phase.Multiple embodiment results of the present invention show：The method for metering carbon emission of roads in whole life cycle of proposition effectively have evaluated the carbon emission of highway, and embodiment provides reference as the further construction for being configured to low-carbon highway of low-carbon type road model.The present invention is under low-carbon visual angle, establish the metering of highway carbon and the primary structure assessed, the flow of research and pace of construction of low-carbon type highway are advanced significantly, the environmental degradation to caused by mitigating social activities carbon emission, and realize that China's low-carbon emission reduction target all has and have contributed much.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of carbon metering, carbon of more particularly to a kind of highway in life cycle management
Metering method and its application.
Background technology
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) thinks that global warming is unquestionable, and transportation is main
Influence factor, especially in terms of road transport.2002 year traffics transport energy consumption accounts for the 21% of global total energy consumption according to investigations, it is contemplated that
Will be more than 60% by 2025.Predicted according to International Energy Agency (IEA), CO caused by Chinese Light-duty automobiles in 20052Discharge
Amount reached 65,000,000 tons, to the year two thousand twenty by increase be more than 3 times in 2005, if developing into mid-21st Century by this speed,
The carbon emission in the whole world 6% will come from China.
Since Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the technical requirements for building green traffic system, China's transportation industry has carried out a large amount of public affairs
Research in terms of road ecological environmental protection and resources conservation, in road ecology recovery, energy-saving and emission-reduction, closed matereial cycle technology etc.
Aspect achieves remarkable result, but up to the present, still lacks in the environmental impact assessment of Chinese Highway construction project pair
The method that the metering of road carbon emission carries out quantification.Therefore, how to build life cycle management highway carbon index system of measurement and determine
Amount evaluation highway carbon emission turns into the most important thing of current research work.
The methods of present invention is using field measurement, demonstration road detection, comparative analysis, expert investigation, systematic science, total score
Various plus carbon process is analysed and has subtracted carbon measure, verified by carbon footprint, given carbon and converge, in carbon sequestration and carbon and scheme, disclose
The basic law of highway engineering life-cycle different times highway carbon emission, the carbon for foring life cycle management highway engineering are assessed
Method；Discount characteristic of the different years CO2 emissions to climatic effect is probed into；Establish life cycle management highway carbon
Index system of measurement；It has developed the family computer software for the specific carbon evaluation that can be applied to the different construction periods.The present invention is built
The metering of highway carbon and the primary structure assessed have been stood, the flow of research and pace of construction of low-carbon type highway have been advanced significantly, to subtracting
Environmental degradation caused by light social activities carbon emission, and realize that China's low-carbon emission reduction target all has and have contributed much.
The content of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measurable highway in the method for life cycle management carbon emission amount, this method
Based on highway engineering life cycle management principle, according to greenhouse gases value disciplines in life cycle of commodity and service, greenhouse
Gas delivery series standard, the theory of discounting in engineering economy is used for reference, by highway in early construction, construction time, operation phase, dimension
The carbon emission amount of the phase of supporting and dismounting phase are discounted to early construction, and finally the carbon emission amount after discounting adds up, obtains highway complete
The total carbon emission of life cycle.
The calculation formula of life cycle management highway carbon emission amount is
Wherein, Q is early construction carbon emission amount, and S is construction time carbon emission amount, and Y is operation phase carbon emission amount, and W supports for dimension
Phase carbon emission amount, C are dismounting phase carbon emission amount, PV0For the carbon discount rate of period construction time, PV1To run, tieing up foster time phase
The carbon discount rate of section, PV2To remove the carbon discount rate of period phase, 0-t1For construction time, t1-t2To run, tieing up foster phase, t2- T is
The dismounting phase.
(1) influence index of early construction highway carbon emission mainly includes artificial row's carbon, machinery row carbon, management and others
Carbon is arranged, therefore the calculation formula of early construction carbon emission amount is Q=Qr+Qj+Qg, artificial carbon emission amount considers different operating intensity
Worker's carbon emission amount it is different, therefore Qr=λ1TQ1×PQ1+λ2TQ2×PQ2+λ3TQ3×PQ3, machinery caused by carbon emission amount press
Calculated according to the species and quantity of the energy, i.e. Qj=ηq×Hq1+ηc×Hc1+ηz×Hz1+ηd×Hd1, due to management and other examine
Fuel consumption and power consumption in addition to artificial, mechanical are considered, specific data can not obtain, by government department, Party A, Party B portion
The Data Summary analysis that door and management department provide must can manage and the proportionality coefficient of other shared partsI.e.
Wherein, QrFor the artificially generated carbon emission amount of early construction, QjFor carbon emission amount caused by mechanical action, QgFor pipe
Reason and other caused carbon emission amounts；λ1、λ2、λ3Represent respectively early construction nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, in
Deng physical labourer's caused carbon emission amount daily；TQ1、TQ2、TQ3Respectively nonmanual workers's early stage, appropriate manual labor
Person, the working time of moderate physical labor person；PQ1、PQ2、PQ3Respectively nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, medium body
Power labourer's number；ηq、ηc、ηz、ηdRespectively consume gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil, the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of electricity；Hq1、Hc1、
Hz1、Hd1Respectively gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil and the power consumption of early construction consumption.
(2) influence index of construction time highway carbon emission amount include artificial, material, machinery, management and other, therefore construction time
Carbon emission amount calculation formula is S=Sr+Sc+Sj+Sg,
Sr=λ1TS1×PS1+λ2TS2×PS2+λ3TS3×PS3+λ4TS4×PS4,
Sj=ηq×Hq2+ηc×Hc2+ηz×Hz2+ηd×Hd2,
All letters represent that implication is similar with early construction (Q), and S represents the construction time.Wherein, SiFor i-th kind of construction stage
The dosage of material, aiFor the carbon emission amount of the carbon emission coefficient, i.e. unit materials of i-th kind of material.
(3) calculation formula for runing phase highway carbon emission amount is Y=Yl-Yp+Yg, Yl=Ylf+Ylj,
Wherein, YlFor carbon emission amount caused by communications and transportation；YpFor greenbelt plant carbon remittance amount；YgFor management and other productions
Raw carbon emission amount；YlfFor closed section traffic carbon emission amount；YljFor non-close section carbon emission amount；KmInfluenceed for road surface types
Coefficient, the K when m is bituminous pavingm=1.0, the K when m is cement pavement and t ∈ [0,4]mK when=1.3, t ∈ [5, T]m=
1.8；L | j | for the | and j | the length of grade during gradient；TiFor carbon conversion coefficient oily used in the i-th vehicle；λiFor the i-th vehicle speed with
Gradient relation regulation coefficient；mi、pi、qi、niCoefficient is influenceed for the gradient；ai、bi、ci、diCoefficient is influenceed for speed；V is zone leveling
Speed；αiFor the vehicle ratio of i-th kind of vehicle；βtThe ratio of design traffic volume, β are accounted for for actual traffic amountt=(1+ γ)t；UtFor
Design traffic volume；θiFor vehicle conversion factor, θ1=θ3=1.0, θ2=θ4=1.5, θ5=2.0, θ6=3.0；γ is the volume of traffic
Annual growth；For Litter-fall carbon emission amount, K1iFor the i-th seasonal adjusted coefficient, K11For spring, K12For summer, K13For autumn,
K14For winter；K2For biomass regulation coefficient；LAI is unit leaf area index；β is unit blade face day of year carbon capacity；AjFor jth
The floor space of kind plant, shrub and liana are strain floor space, and draft is floor file area；njFor jth kind plant strain number, its
Middle draft takes 1.0.By the research to Leaf litter, Litter-fall includes concentration of carbon in decomposable process and stablized relatively,
Influence to concentration of carbon in air is slighter, and therefore, Litter-fall carbon emission amount can be ignored, i.e.,
(4) calculation formula of Wei Yangqi highways carbon emission amount is W=Wr+Wc+Wj+Wg,
Wr=λ1TW1×PW1+λ2TW2×PW2+λ3TW3×PW3,
Wj=ηq×Hq3+ηc×Hc3+ηz×Hz3+ηd×Hd3,
It is similar with early construction (Q) that all letters represent implication, and W represents dimension and supports the phase.
(5) calculation formula for removing phase highway carbon emission amount is C=Cr+Cc+Cj+Cg,
Cr=λ1TC1×PC1+λ2TC2×PC2+λ3TC3×PC3+λ4TC4×PC4,
Cj=ηq×Hq4+ηc×Hc4+ηz×Hz4+ηd×Hd4,
All letters represent that implication is similar with early construction (Q), and C represents the dismounting phase.
The second object of the present invention is to provide the software for being used to measure life cycle management highway carbon emission amount, the software
Develop using VB Programming with Pascal Language, according to the carbon measuring principle of life cycle management, the basic thought discounted based on carbon, highway is being built
If early stage, the construction time, the phase is runed, the carbon metering method for tieing up the phase of supporting and dismounting phase is incorporated on same software platform, with simple
Method realize the quantification of life cycle management highway carbon emission.
The operating procedure of the software is as follows：
(1) metering of each period carbon emission, people's number, work day needed for input are carried out；Early stage fuel consumption, power consumption；Each material
The data needed for software such as material dosage can obtain the carbon emission amount in each stage, can be used in follow-up carbon metering collects；
(2) analysis result that each period carbon measures is extracted to obtain the calculated description of life cycle management highway carbon metering,
Five modules of the software point：The metering of early construction carbon, the metering of construction time carbon, the carbon metering of operation phase, dimension support the metering of phase carbon, remove the phase
Carbon measures.
The software interface is friendly, and easy to operate, the popularization and application for highway carbon metering method provide good prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is life cycle management highway carbon index system of measurement
Accompanying drawing 2 is life cycle management carbon metering method basic flow sheet
Accompanying drawing 3 is Xing Fen high speed K 2+810 to pile No. K9+452 sections life cycle management carbon emission calculated description
The life cycle management highway carbon measuring software main interface of accompanying drawing 4
Accompanying drawing 5 is artificial early construction, machinery, management data information
Accompanying drawing 6 is early construction total carbon emission result of calculation
Accompanying drawing 7 is that the construction time is artificial, mechanical material related data
Accompanying drawing 8 is construction time total carbon emission checkout result
Accompanying drawing 9 is greening Plant-related data
The plant carbon remittance amount result of calculation of accompanying drawing 10
Accompanying drawing 11 is volume of transport related data
Accompanying drawing 12 is the 2nd year traffic transport carbon emission amount result of calculation
Accompanying drawing 13 is the 30th year traffic transport carbon emission amount result of calculation
Accompanying drawing 14 is that dimension supports artificial phase, machinery, material related data
Accompanying drawing 15 is that dimension supports phase total carbon emission result of calculation
Accompanying drawing 16 is artificial dismounting phase, machinery, material related data
Accompanying drawing 17 is dismounting phase total carbon emission result of calculation
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific drawings and examples, the invention will be further elaborated.
Embodiment one：G307 Bohai Sea new district Huanghua City is around city engineering
1 project profile
G307 Bohai Sea new district Huanghua City is located at Hebei province Huanghua City south around city engineering, and totally trend is western from east orientation for route,
Route arises from 307 national highways, road project extending westwards terminal of clearing out a harbour with connects：The old road pile No. of corresponding G307：K31+000, this project rise
Point pile No. K13+900, route center line is located at 160m to the north of Shuohuang Railway, substantially parallel with Shuohuang Railway, westwards extends, usual friendship
G307, on across First Street, Tianjin Shan highway, under wear yellow ten thousand railways.Intersect through Bian Suncun with 205 national highways.The exploitation of route edge
The newly-built oil circuit in area westwards, with G205 Bohai Sea new district Huanghua City intersects around city engineering terminal, westwards across deep blue Huang local railway and Huang
North drains, returns to G307, terminal pile No. in western Hu Zhuan：K30+000, corresponding G307 pile No.：K48+150, route total length 16.1km.
2 life cycle management highway carbon emission amounts calculate
(1) construction time carbon emission amount calculates
1) artificial carbon emission amount calculates
Construction time labourer's data (artificial, work day etc.) are shown in Table 1.
1 construction time of table labourer's statistics
According to calculation formula Sr=λ1TS1×PS1+λ2TS2×PS2+λ3TS3×PS3+λ4TS4×PS4, it is known that Sr=
The artificial carbon emission amount of 1081020.6kg=1081.02t, i.e. construction time is 1081.02 tons.
2) mechanical carbon emission amount calculates
The data that construction time consumes gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil and electric energy are shown in Table 2.
2 construction time of table oil consumption, power consumption data table
According to construction time machinery carbon emission amount calculation formula Sj=ηq×Hq2+ηc×Hc2+ηz×Hz2+ηd×Hd2, obtain Sj=
11075372.3kg=11075.37t that is, construction time machinery carbon emission amount is 11075.37 tons
3) material carbon emission amount calculates
Construction time material therefor species is shown in Table 3 with quantity.
3 construction time of table material therefor species and quantity table
The so-called energy intensity that includes refers to the total energy value that Unit Weight construction material is consumed in process of production, at me
State is existing to read up the literature, and most of construction material carbon emission value can not directly obtain, so generally using Building wood in the calculation
Material includes energy intensity value and converted.For example, as it is known that every kilogram of 7000 kilocalories of standard coal calorific value, equivalent to 2.94*107J energy
Amount；Burn 1kg mark coal discharge 2.493kg carbon dioxide, and the energy intensity that includes of cement is 5.5GJ/t, you can obtains cement
Carbon emission coefficient.According to energy intensity is included, cement is converted into the equivalent of mark coal：5.5*109/(2.94*107)=
187.1kg；It is converted into carbon emission equivalent：187.1 × 2.493=466.4kg；I.e.：The carbon emission coefficient of cement is 466.4kg/t.
By being counted to the species of whole work progress material with quantity, according to calculation formula
Know, construction time material total carbon emission is Sc=182226982.70kg=182226.98t.
4) carbon emission amount is managed to calculate
Because the highway belongs to one-level road, therefore take
Sg=4% × S=4.12% × (Sr+Sc+Sj)=4.12% × 194383.37t=8008.59t.
To sum up, construction time carbon emission amount
S=Sr+Sc+Sj+Sg=1081.02t+182226.98t+11075.37t+8008.59t=202391.96t
(2) early construction, dimension support the phase, remove the calculating of phase carbon emission amount
G307 Bohai Sea new district Huanghua City lacks early construction, the dimension foster phase around city engineering, removes phase corresponding data information, leads to
The investigation to several road experts and Party A company etc. is crossed, related data analysis and summary are learnt, Class I highway construction
Early stage, the energy input of each side accounted for the 5% of the construction time, ties up the phase of supporting energy input and is expected to account for the 35% of the construction time, it is pre- to remove phase energy input
Meter accounts for the 15% of the construction time, therefore Q=5% × S=5% × 20239196=10119.60t, W=35% × S=70837.19t,
C=15% × S=30358.80t.
(3) phase carbon emission amount is runed to calculate
Plant carbon remittance part
This engineered plant is afforested：
A. side slope takes grass planting to protect, buffalograss greening, area 3406.1m2(8.7g/m2)；
B. greening platform is due to different sections of highway and different：
Weeping willow is planted in K13+900-K20+776 sections, spacing in the rows 5m, plants 1376 plants of (65.2g/dm altogether2)；
Weeping willow is planted in K20+880-K23+497.66 sections, spacing in the rows 5m, plants 524 plants of (11.1g/dm altogether2)；
Chinese white poplar is planted in K26+453-K30+000 sections, plants 710 plants of (11.1g/dm altogether2)；
K20+776-K20+888 is bridge section, does not take plant protection；
Plant pine and cypress, spacing in the rows 10m, middle inter-planting weeping willow, spacing in the rows 10m, each plantation in K23+479.6-K24+600 sections
110 plants of (403g/dm2)；
Euonymus japonicus is planted in K24+600-K26+453 sections, spacing in the rows 5m, plants 371 plants of (46.4g/dm altogether2)。
C. greening platform Qiao Guan Shu gaps vacant lot plantation buffalograss protection, area 1147.785m2。
1) planting greening carbon emission amount calculates
The seasonal adjusted coefficient K of known evergreen shrub11=K13=1.3, K12=1.5, K14=1.0；Fallen leaves shrub
Seasonal adjusted coefficient K11=K13=1.5, K12=2.2, K14=1.0.In the present embodiment,
Weeping willow, the hat width radius r of Chinese white poplar1=0.4m, r2=0.7m, r3=1.0m, r4=1.3m, r5=1.5m, r6=
1.7m, r7=1.9m, r8=2.1m, r9=2.3m, r10=r11=r12=...=r30=2.5m.Biomass coefficient k2At any time
Between t change, when t ∈ [1,2], k2=0.5；When t ∈ [3,4], k2=0.6；When t ∈ [5,6], k2=0.65；As t ∈
When [7,8], k2=0.75；When t ∈ [9,10], k2=0.9；When t ∈ [11,30], k2=1.0.
Pine and cypress, the hat width radius r of Euonymus japonicus1=0.4m, r2=0.5m, r3=0.6m, r4=0.7m, r5=0.8m, r6
=0.9m, r7=1.0m, r8=1.1m, r9=1.2m, r10=1.3m, r11=1.4m, r12=...=r30=2.5m.Biology
Coefficient of discharge k2Change with time t, when t ∈ [1,2], k2=0.5；When t ∈ [3,4], k2=0.6；When t ∈ [5,6], k2
=0.7；When t ∈ [7,8], k2=0.8；When t ∈ [9,10], k2=0.9；When t ∈ [11,30], k2=1.0.
According to formulaTry to achieve K13+900-K20+776 sections First Year
Because carbon capacity caused by plantation weeping willow is (1.5 × 0.5 × 65.2 × π × 0.42×1376)×90+(2.2×0.5×65.2
×π×0.42×1376)×90+(1.5×0.5×65.2×π×0.42×1376)×90+(1.0×0.5×65.2×π×
0.42× 1376) × 90=12575343.7g=12575.34kg.
It is 38512.00kg that the section carbon capacity of the 2nd year, which can similarly be obtained, and the carbon capacity of the 3rd year is 94315.08kg,
The carbon capacity of the 4th year is 159392.48kg, and the carbon capacity of the 5th year is 229893.00kg ..., the carbon capacity of the 30th year is
98244.87kg。
Because the determination of discount factor still needs to the further checking of national correlation department, all discount factors of the invention are temporary
It is set to 1.0, i.e. calculated value numerical values recited is equal to discount value.
The carbon capacity of K13+900-K20+776 sections weeping willow is 23057049.86kg in total 30 years.
Use identical method can try to achieve K20+880-K23+497.66 sections in 30 years Chinese white poplar carbon capacity for
1501200.00kg；Chinese white poplar carbon capacity of the K26+453-K30+000 sections in 30 years is 2025438.39kg；K23+479.6-
Pine and cypress of the K24+600 sections in 30 years and weeping willow carbon capacity are 2172191.25kg；In K24+600-K26+453 sections 30 years
Euonymus japonicus carbon capacity is 1265952.00kg.
2) grass planting bank protection carbon emission amount calculates
The seasonal adjusted coefficient K of known buffalograss11=1.3, K12=2.2, K13=1.5, K14=1.0.
According to formulaLearn, the carbon capacity of buffalograss First Year for 1.3 ×
4553.89×8.7×90+2.2×4553.89×8.7×90+1.5×4553.89×8.7×90+1.0×4553.89×
8.7 × 90=21394145.22g=21394.15kg, the annual carbon capacities of buffalograss 2-30 can be similarly tried to achieve, add up to 30
Year, total carbon capacity was 641824.55kg.
3) comprehensive planting greening carbon emission amount is learnt with grass planting bank protection carbon emission amount, total carbon capacity of this roadside greening 30 years
For Yp=30663.66t.
Communications and transportation carbon emission amount part
1) closed section carbon emission amount calculates
There are K14+800-K15+20O, K15+200-K15+700, K15+700-K16+100, K16+100-K16+ in the section
500 closed sections of grade 43, wherein being calculated by taking k14+800-k15+200 sections as an example, the gradient | j |=0.075%, length of grade L
(j)=0.4km, according to formula
Calculated：
Vehicle 1
Vehicle 2：
Vehicle 3：
Vehicle 4：
Vehicle 5：
Vehicle 6：
The carbon emission amount of total this section of way First Year be 1206329.20kg, due to the volume of traffic and irregularity degree IRI with
The growth of the time limit and change, therefore carbon emission amount caused by driving a vehicle has corresponding change every year, and year of this road Traffic Volume increases
Long rate γ is changed over time, when t ∈ [Isosorbide-5-Nitrae], γ=0.05；When t ∈ [5,9], γ=0.04；When t ∈ [10,30] γ=
0.03.Irregularity degree IRI is changed over time as shown in table 4.
The irregularity degree IRI of table 4 with time t change
| t | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| IRI | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| t | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
Consider factors above, take identical computational methods to calculate the carbon emission amount of the Duan Lu 2-30, add up to 30
The carbon emission amount in year is 66568136.78kg, i.e. 66568.14t.
It is 88210.17t, K15+700- that the 30 years total carbon emission amounts in K15+200-K15+700 sections, which can similarly be calculated,
The 30 years total carbon emission amounts in K16+100 sections are 66568.14t, and the 30 years total carbon emission amounts in K16+100-K16+500 sections are
66568.14t, other 30 years total carbon emission amounts in each section can also be obtained one by one, then the road closed section carbon of 30 years
Total emission volumn Ylf=2483235.52t.
2) non-close section carbon emission amount calculates
It is known to haveThrough-traffic stream with former speed by intersection, haveCrossing delay vehicle run into red light and need elder generation
Accelerate to pass through intersection after deceleration.Known road k13+900-k14+085 is made up of two sections and an intersection, section
K13+900-k13+976.25 length of grade L [j]=0.07635m, the gradient [j]=0.097%, section K13+976.35-k14+
085 length of grade L [j]=0.10865, the gradient | j |=0.197%.This two sections are counted with closed section calculation formula
Vehicle 1-6 year carbon emission amount E can be obtained by calculating1iWith E2i, then carbon emission amount caused by this through-traffic stream be
Specific data see the table below 5.
The vehicle 1-6 of table 5 year carbon emission amount and through-traffic stream carbon emission amount
Crossing is delayed vehicle by accelerating during the intersection because red light reason has with moderating process, it is necessary to according to non-close
The calculation formula of section carbon emission amount calculates, and is calculated according to formula,
To sum up, the carbon emission amount of the intersection First Year is 504998.08kg, and total carbon emission amount is within 30 years
28030834.5kg。
It is 25192813.66kg, K24+ that the 30 years total carbon emission amounts in K23+858-K24+058 sections, which can similarly be calculated,
The 30 years total carbon emission amounts in 174-K24+374 sections are 24982813.54kg, and K24+489-K24+689 sections add up to for 30 years
Carbon emission amount be 24982813.54kg, the 30 years total carbon emission amounts in K24+863-K25+063 sections are
24980371.6kg, then 30 years total total carbon emission Y in non-close sectionlj=128169.65t.
3) comprehensive closed section total carbon emission and the total carbon emission in non-close section can obtain, the carbon of transport segment
Total emission volumn is Yl=Ylf+Ylj=2483235.52t+128169.65t=2611405.17t.Administrative section carbon emission amount calculates
Because the highway belongs to one-level road, therefore take
Yg=4% × Y=4.12% × (Yl-Yp)=4.12% × 2580741.51t=106326.52t.
Comprehensive plant carbon remittance amount, communications and transportation carbon emission amount and management carbon emission amount are learnt, run phase total carbon emission Y=
Yl-Yp+Yg=261145.17t-30663.66t+106326.52t=2687068.03t
(4) life cycle management highway carbon emission amount collects
The phase is supported with removing the carbon emission amount result of calculation of phase in early construction, construction time, operation phase, dimension with reference to highway, is pressed
According to discount factor Pv=1.0 calculate, then total carbon emission of the highway in life cycle management
Embodiment two：Blue or green silver-colored Highway Qingdao is to Jimo section
1. project profile
At a high speed, China national freeway net numbering is G20 to blue or green silver, and original is the five vertical seven horizontal national highway trunks that numbering is G035
One x wire of line.It is that Chinese " 15 " are building the national high speed artery that investment is maximum, circuit is most long.Two-way six car in the road
Road, 120 kilometers of speed per hour is designed, is the main thoroughfare that Chinese energy east is sent and exported, for strengthening Northwest inland and East Coastal
Between resource intercommunication, promote along area economic development play great function.The present embodiment application life cycle management is public
Operation phase part of the road carbon emission computational methods to pile No. K1+400 to K26+600 has carried out the calculating of carbon emission amount.
2. the phase of operation carbon emission amount calculates
Plant carbon remittance part
The plant landscape of this engineering：Bank protection uses grass planting (Korea lawn grass) slope protection form, and greening platform is using outer tall interior filling group
Fall, center is arranged every band using evergreen shrubs.Wherein Korea lawn grass cultivated area is 73446.8m2, 2973 plants of weeping willow plantation, locust tree
453 plants of plantation, pine and cypress plant 774 plants, and Euonymus japonicus plants 40000 plants.
Whole parameters involved by the present embodiment are identical with embodiment one, and the hat width radius of wherein locust tree is identical with weeping willow,
The seasonal adjusted coefficient of Korea lawn grass is identical with buffalograss.
1) planting greening carbon emission amount calculates
According to formulaStarting point corresponding to the present embodiment is tried to achieve to arrive
Pile No. K26+000 section First Years are (1.5 × 0.5 × 65.2 × π × 0.4 due to carbon capacity caused by plantation weeping willow2×
2973)×90+(2.2×0.5×65.2×π×0.42×2973)×90+(1.5×0.5×65.2×π×0.42×2973)
×90+(1.0×0.5×65.2×π×0.42× 2973) × 90=27170419.20g=27170.42kg, can similarly distinguish
Section 2-30 carbon capacity is obtained, the carbon capacity of this section weeping willow is 49817303.23kg in adding up to 30 years.
Similarly, can obtain the section plantation locust tree total carbon capacity of 30 years be 22155150.24kg, plantation 30 years always consolidate
Carbon amounts is 2293883.48kg, and plantation Euonymus japonicus total carbon capacity of 30 years is 14727629.46kg.
2) grass planting bank protection carbon emission amount calculates
According to formula, the carbon capacity of Korea lawn grass First Year for 1.3 ×
73446.8×120.7×90+2.2×73446.8×120.7×90+1.5×73446.8×120.7×90+1.0×
73446.8 × 120.7 × 90=4787115.53kg,
Korea lawn grass 2-30 carbon capacity can be similarly obtained respectively, and the carbon capacity of this section Korea lawn grass is in total 30
143613465.9kg。
3) comprehensive planting greening carbon emission is learnt with grass planting bank protection carbon emission amount, total carbon capacity Y of this roadside greening 30 yearsp
=232607.43t.
Communications and transportation carbon emission amount part
1) closed section
There is K1+400-K2+110, K2+110-K2+850, K2+850-K4+200, K10+750-K11+800 etc. 32 in the section
Individual closed section, wherein being calculated by taking K10+750-K11+800 sections as an example, the gradient | j |=1.214%, length of grade L (j)=
1.05km, according to formula
Calculated：
Vehicle 1
Vehicle 2：
Vehicle 3：
Vehicle 4：
Vehicle 5：
Vehicle 6：
The carbon emission amount of this total section First Year be 3166614kg, consider annual growth γ and irregularity degree IRI with
The change of time, section 2-30 carbon emission amount can be calculated respectively, then the closed section carbon emission amount of 30 years is
174730729.1kg i.e. 174730.73t.
Similarly, other 30 years carbon emission amounts of closed section can be calculated respectively, add up to the road closed section in 30 years
Total carbon emission is Ylf=4188258.49t.
2) non-close section
It is known to haveThrough-traffic stream with former speed by intersection, haveCrossing delay vehicle run into red light and need to first subtract
Accelerate to pass through outlet after speed.This road has 3 non-close sections, and the gradient of ring road 1 and ring road 2 is 2.5%, and length of grade is
0.25km, the gradient of ring road 3 are 1.6%, length of grade 0.4km.The pile No. of corresponding 3 outlets is respectively K5+477.235-K5+
977.235 K15+418.658-K15+918.658, K20+028.39-K20+528.39.With K5+477.235-K5+977.235
Exemplified by calculate, vehicle 1-6 year carbon emission amount E is calculated with closed section calculation formulai, then thisThrough-traffic stream institute
Caused carbon emission amount isSpecific data see the table below 6.
The vehicle 1-6 of table 6 year carbon emission amount and through-traffic stream carbon emission amount
Crossing is delayed vehicle by having acceleration and moderating process during ring road 1, and travel speed is 60km/h, it is necessary to according to non-envelope
The calculation formula of closed circuit section of carbon emission amount calculates, according to formula
Vehicle 1
Vehicle 2
Vehicle 3
Vehicle 4
Vehicle 5
Vehicle 6
To sum up, the carbon emission amount of the outlet First Year is 1308339.21k g, and total carbon emission amount is within 30 years
71092240.29kg。
The 30 years total carbon emission amounts in K15+418.658-K15+918.658 non-close section, which can similarly be calculated, is
The 30 years total carbon emission amounts in 168972850.2kg, K20+028.39-K20+528.39 non-close section are
79134465.47kg, the total carbon emissions amount in this section of way non-close section is 319199555.90kg, i.e. 319199.56t.
3) comprehensive closed section total carbon emission and the total carbon emission in non-close section can obtain, transport segment total carbon
Discharge capacity is Yl=Ylf+Ylj=4188258.49t+319199.56t=4507458.05t.
Administrative section carbon emission amount calculates
Because the highway belongs to highway, therefore take
Yg=5% × Y=5.26% × (Yl-Yp)=5.26% × 4274850.62t=224857.1t.
Comprehensive plant carbon remittance amount, communications and transportation carbon emission amount and management carbon emission amount are learnt, run phase total carbon emission Y=
Yl-Yp+Yg=4507458.05t-232607.43t+224857.1t=4499707.76t.
Embodiment three：Xing Fen first, second bid section of high speed
1. project profile
Xing Fen high speed starting point is located at Beijing-Hongkong Australia highway Xingtai south intercommunication southern side, by way of Xingtai City development zone, Shahe City,
Qiaoxi District and Xingtai County, by totally-enclosed, full-overpass, two-way four-lane standard working-out.Route is divided into region of no relief, hills from east to west
Area, mountain area, Taihang Mountain main peak is crossed, the difficult west danger in east, with a varied topography, difficulty of construction is big.The present embodiment is complete with the highway of establishment
Life cycle carbon measuring software has carried out carbon to carbon emission amounts of the K2+810 to pile No. K9+452 sections in life cycle management and commented
Estimate.
2. life cycle management highway carbon measures
Life cycle management highway carbon measuring software application VB Programming with Pascal Language is developed, and is measured according to life cycle management highway carbon former
Reason, the basic thought discounted based on carbon, carbon metering method of the highway in life cycle management is incorporated on same software platform,
Five modules of the software point：The metering of early construction carbon, the metering of construction time carbon, the carbon metering of operation phase, dimension support the metering of phase carbon, remove the phase
Carbon measures, and the main interface of software is as shown in Figure 4.
(1) early construction carbon emission amount calculates
Input early construction given data first, as nonmanual workers manually measures, work day, machinery consumption gasoline, diesel oil,
Heavy oil and power consumption etc., at a high speed, specific data are shown in accompanying drawing 5 for category of roads selection.Then " carbon metering " is clicked on, before construction
The total carbon emission of phase is calculated, and draws the result of calculation of carbon emission amount early stage, sees accompanying drawing 6.
(2) construction time carbon emission amount calculates
" metering of construction time carbon " in software main interface is clicked on, the construction stage carbon metering page occurs, the input construction time is
The related datas such as artificial, the mechanical, material known, at a high speed, particular content is as shown in Figure 7 for category of roads selection.Click on " carbon meter
Amount ", mechanical, material artificial to the construction time, management and other progress carbon meterings collect, and obtain the calculating of construction time carbon emission amount
As a result, as shown in Figure 8.
(3) phase carbon emission amount is runed to calculate
A. plant carbon remittance amount calculates
" the carbon metering of operation phase " in software main interface is clicked on, the operation stage carbon metering page occurs.Click on " plant carbon remittance
Amount " enters this page, inputs the strain number of arbor, shrub and vegetation that the greening of this section uses, obtains accompanying drawing 9, clicks on " plant carbon
Remittance amount " can draw the result of calculation of this section plant carbon remittance amount, see accompanying drawing 10.
" metering of communications and transportation carbon " is clicked in operation stage carbon measures the page and enters this page, inputs the 2nd year accordingly
Road surface types, pavement roughness, volume of traffic annual growth, speed, service life, design traffic volume, the vehicle of i-th kind of vehicle
The related datas such as ratio, specific data are as shown in Figure 11.Click on " metering of communications and transportation carbon ", obtain the section Second Year due to
Carbon emission amount caused by communications and transportation, as shown in Figure 12.Similarly, the carbon emission amount of the 30th year traffic transport can be calculated,
As shown in Figure 13.
(4) phase of supporting carbon emission amount is tieed up to calculate
" dimension supports the metering of phase carbon " in software main interface is clicked on, dimension occurs and supports the phase carbon metering page.Input dimension support the phase it is artificial,
The related datas such as machinery, material, at a high speed, specific data are shown in accompanying drawing 14 for category of roads selection.Click on " carbon metering ", obtain tieing up the foster phase
The result of calculation of carbon emission amount, as shown in Figure 15 left columns, artificial carbon emission amount is 593.84t, and mechanical carbon emission amount is
13632.66t, management and other carbon emission amounts are 2677.78t, and the total carbon emission of material is 36651.24t, and it is total to tie up the phase of supporting
Carbon emission amount is 53555.52t.
(5) phase carbon emission amount is removed to calculate
" removing the metering of phase carbon " in software main interface is clicked on, occurs removing the carbon metering page, inputs known to the dismounting phase
Manually, the related data such as machinery, material, category of roads selection high speed, shown in specific data as accompanying drawing 16.Click on " carbon metering ",
The result of calculation of dismounting phase carbon emission amount is obtained, as shown in the left column of accompanying drawing 17.
(6) carbon metric results collect
After the carbon emission amount of early construction, construction time, operation phase, dimension foster phase with removing the phase is obtained, to highway in the full longevity
The carbon emission amount in life cycle is collected, and obtains Xing Fen high speed K 2+810 to the life cycle management carbon emission in pile No. K9+452 sections
Calculated description, see accompanying drawing 3.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than is limited；All ginsengs in embodiment
Number is obtained by field measurement method, Specialist Research method, Literature Consult method；Although the present invention is carried out with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Detailed description, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, still can be to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment
Modify, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic；And these modifications or substitutions, do not make relevant art side
The essence of case departs from the spirit and scope of claimed technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for metering carbon emission of roads in whole life cycle, it is characterised in that it is former that this method is based on highway engineering life cycle management
Then, the greenhouse gas emission value disciplines and greenhouse gases management series standard of commodity and service in life cycle, measure model
It is life cycle management highway carbon emission amount to enclose, i.e., in carbon emission caused by social activities, the construction and use with highway engineering are straight
Connect the carbon emission amount in the life cycle management of correlation, including early construction, construction time, dimension foster phase and carbon emission caused by the dismounting phase
The carbon emission amount of the various vehicles of amount and operation phase traveling on highway；
The carbon metering method is：Highway is calculated first in life cycle management, including early construction, construction time, operation phase, dimension support the phase and
The carbon emission amount in dismounting phase in each stage, then discounts the carbon emission amount in each period to early construction, and the carbon emission amount after discounting is tired out
Add, obtain the highway total carbon emission of life cycle management, i.e.,
Wherein：WLE is life cycle management highway carbon emission amount, and Q is early construction carbon emission amount, PV0Carbon for period construction time is discounted
Rate, PV1To run, tieing up the carbon discount rate of foster period phase, PV2To remove the carbon discount rate of period phase, S arranges for construction time carbon
High-volume, Y is operation phase carbon emission amount, and W supports phase carbon emission amount for dimension, and C is dismounting phase carbon emission amount, 0-t1For construction time, t1-t2
To run, tieing up foster phase, t2- T is the dismounting phase；
The early construction highway carbon emission amount Q=Qr+Qj+Qg, Qr=λ1TQ1×PQ1+λ2TQ2×PQ2+λ3TQ3×PQ3, Qj=ηq
×Hq1+ηc×Hc1+ηz×Hz1+ηd×Hd1；Wherein：QrFor the artificially generated carbon emission amount of early construction, QjFor early construction machine
Carbon emission amount caused by tool running, QgFor early construction management and other caused carbon emission amounts, λ1、λ2、λ3Represent to build respectively
Early stage nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, moderate physical labor person caused carbon emission amount daily, TQ1、TQ2、TQ3Point
Not Wei early construction nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, the working time of moderate physical labor person, PQ1、PQ2、PQ3Point
Not Wei early construction nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, moderate physical labor person's number, ηq、ηc、ηz、ηdRespectively build
If consumption early stage gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil, the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of electricity, Hq1、Hc1、Hz1、Hd1Respectively early construction consumes
Gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil and power consumption.
2. method for metering carbon emission of roads in whole life cycle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the construction time highway carbon
Discharge capacity S=Sr+Sc+Sj+Sg, wherein：Sr=λ1TS1×PS1+λ2TS2×PS2+λ3Ts3×Ps3+λ4TS4×PS4,
Sj=ηq×Hq2+ηc×Hc2+ηz×Hz2+ηd×Hd2,Wherein：Sr、Sc、Sj、SgRespectively construction time artificial carbon row
High-volume, construction time material carbon emission amount, construction time machinery carbon emission amount, construction period management and other caused carbon emission amounts, λ1、
λ2、λ3、λ4Construction time nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, moderate physical labor person, severe manual labor are represented respectively
Person's caused carbon emission amount daily, Ts1、Ts2、Ts3、Ts4Respectively construction time nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, medium
Physical labourer, the working time of severe physical labourer, PS1、PS2、PS3、PS4Respectively construction time nonmanual workers, appropriateness
Physical labourer, moderate physical labor person, severe physical labourer's number, SiFor the dosage of i-th kind of material of construction stage, i generations
Table material category, aiFor the carbon emission amount of the carbon emission coefficient, i.e. unit materials of i-th kind of material, ηq、ηc、ηz、ηdRespectively consume
Gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil, the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of electricity, Hq2、Hc2、Hz2、Hd2Respectively the construction time consumption gasoline, diesel oil,
Heavy oil and power consumption,For management and the proportionality coefficient of other shared parts.
3. method for metering carbon emission of roads in whole life cycle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the operation phase highway carbon
Discharge capacity Y=Yl-Yp+Yg, wherein：Yl=Ylf+Ylj, YlFor carbon emission amount caused by communications and transportation；YpConverged for greenbelt plant carbon
Amount；YgFor management and other caused carbon emission amounts；YljFor non-close section carbon emission amount；YlfFor closed section traffic carbon emission
Amount,
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I is vehicle, | j | for the absolute value of the gradient, KmCoefficient is influenceed for road surface types, L | j | for the | and j | the length of grade during gradient, Ti
For carbon conversion coefficient oily used in the i-th vehicle, λiFor the speed and gradient relation regulation coefficient of the i-th vehicle, mi、pi、qi、niFor slope
Degree influences coefficient, and V is zone leveling speed, ai、bi、ci、diCoefficient, α are influenceed for speediFor the vehicle ratio of i-th kind of vehicle, βt
Account for the ratio of design traffic volume for actual traffic amount, U is design traffic volume, θiFor vehicle conversion factor；Wherein：I is season, and j is floristics, K1iAdjusted for the i-th season
Integral coefficient, K2For biomass regulation coefficient, LAI is unit leaf area index, and β is unit blade face day of year carbon capacity, AjFor jth kind
The floor space of plant, njFor jth kind plant strain number,For Litter-fall carbon emission amount；Wherein：For management and its
The proportionality coefficient of his the shared part.
4. method for metering carbon emission of roads in whole life cycle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Wei Yangqi highways carbon
Discharge capacity W=Wr+Wc+Wj+Wg, Wr=λ1TW1×PW1+λ2TW2×PW2+λ3TW3×PW3,Wj=ηq×Hq3+ηc×
Hc3+ηz×Hz3+ηd×Hd3,Wherein：Wr、Wc、Wj、WgRespectively tie up the phase of supporting artificial carbon emission amount, dimension supports phase material
Carbon emission amount, dimension support phase machinery carbon emission amount, dimension supports period management and other caused carbon emission amounts, λ1、λ2、λ3Dimension is represented respectively
The phase of supporting nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, moderate physical labor person caused carbon emission amount daily, TW1、TW2、TW3Point
The phase of supporting nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, the working time of moderate physical labor person, P Wei not tieed upW1、PW2、PW3Respectively
To tie up the phase of supporting nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, moderate physical labor person's number, WiTo tie up i-th kind of material of the stage of supporting
Dosage, i is material category, aiFor the carbon emission amount of the carbon emission coefficient, i.e. unit materials of i-th kind of material, ηq、ηc、ηz、ηdPoint
The carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil, electricity, H Wei not consumedq3、Hc3、Hz3、Hd3Respectively tie up the vapour of the phase of supporting consumption
Oil, diesel oil, heavy oil and power consumption,For management and the proportionality coefficient of other shared parts.
5. method for metering carbon emission of roads in whole life cycle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the dismounting phase highway carbon
Emission amount calculation formula is C=Cr+Cc+Cj+Cg, Cr=λ1TC1×PC1+λ2TC2×PC2+λ3TC3×PC3+λ4TC4×PC4,Cj=ηq×Hq4+ηc×Hc4+ηz×Hz4+ηd×Hd4,Wherein：Cr、Cc、Cj、CgRespectively remove
Phase artificial carbon emission amount, phase material carbon emission amount is removed, phase machinery carbon emission amount is removed, removes period management and other caused carbon
Discharge capacity, λ1、λ2、λ3、λ4Dismounting phase nonmanual workers, appropriate physical labourer, moderate physical labor person, again are represented respectively
Spend physical labourer's caused carbon emission amount daily, TC1、TC2、TC3、TC4Respectively remove phase nonmanual workers, appropriateness muscle power
Labourer, moderate physical labor person, the working time of severe physical labourer, PC1、PC2、PC3、PC4Respectively remove phase non-muscle power
Labourer, appropriate physical labourer, moderate physical labor person, severe physical labourer's number, CiFor i-th kind of material of teardown phase
Dosage, i is material category, aiFor the carbon emission amount of the carbon emission coefficient, i.e. unit materials of i-th kind of material, ηq、ηc、ηz、ηdPoint
The carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil, electricity, H Wei not consumedq4、Hc4、Hz4、Hd4Respectively remove the vapour of phase consumption
Oil, diesel oil, heavy oil and power consumption,For management and the proportionality coefficient of other shared parts.
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