CN102562802B - Assembly type dynamic and static pressure bearing with radiating fin and finely-adjustable clearance - Google Patents
Assembly type dynamic and static pressure bearing with radiating fin and finely-adjustable clearance Download PDFInfo
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- CN102562802B CN102562802B CN 201210076394 CN201210076394A CN102562802B CN 102562802 B CN102562802 B CN 102562802B CN 201210076394 CN201210076394 CN 201210076394 CN 201210076394 A CN201210076394 A CN 201210076394A CN 102562802 B CN102562802 B CN 102562802B
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- axle sleeve
- bearing
- dynamic
- hydrostatic bearing
- distortion
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Abstract
The invention discloses an assembly type radial dynamic and static pressure bearing. The bearing comprises a front end cover, a shaft sleeve, a rear end cover, a bracket bolt, an adjustment bolt, a tapered wedge and the like. The tapered wedge is axially moved by the adjustment bolt to deform the shaft sleeve of which the inner wall is a cylindrical surface, so that crescent converged oil cavities are formed between the shaft sleeve and a main shaft neck. The oil cavities can have the effects of static pressure oil cavities and dynamic pressure oil cavities in combination with other structural characteristics. The bearing has a simple structure, high manufacturability, a radiating function and an extremely wide application range, and the clearance between the bearing and the main shaft neck can be finely adjusted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radially dynamic and hydrostatic bearing of a kind of assembling type, belong to the invention of mechanical engineering element.
Background technique
The excellent properties of full liquid sliding bearing is generally acknowledged by the public.With regard to friction factor, sliding bearing is 0.01-0.1, and rolling bearing is 0.0005-0.005, yet full liquid sliding bearing but can be accomplished to be far superior to the most accurate rolling bearing under 0.0001 easily.At aspects such as spindle rotation accuracy, smoothness of operation, absorbing shock resistance, working lifes, full liquid sliding bearing also all is much better than other bearing.Full liquid sliding bearing has dividing of hydrostatic bearing, hydraulic bearing and dynamic and hydrostatic bearing.Hydrostatic bearing holds up main shaft to make between main shaft and bearing without any direct contact by the extreme pressure lubricant of squeezing in bearing housing static pressure chamber, and the rotating speed of this performance and main shaft is irrelevant, therefore, the great advantage of hydrostatic bearing is exactly in the situation that main shaft low speed even can make main shaft be in a kind of state of suspension without rotating speed, thereby make the detent torque of main shaft extremely low, and axle journal and bearing are almost forever without wearing and tearing.Yet hydrostatic bearing is high especially to the requirement of hydraulic system, no matter refers to flow controller, delivery pressure and system energy consumption, also refer to the stringency of filtration and the stability of pressure, this has all had a strong impact on promoting the use of of hydrostatic bearing.Hydraulic bearing utilizes the viscosity of lubricant oil, lubricant oil that the main shaft journal surface is adhered to is brought into along with the rotation of main shaft to be the dynamic pressure oil pocket of restraining shape and to be subject to increasing extruding, produce so-called oil film wedge effect, the pressure of the wedge-like oil film that it generates becomes increasing in this process, so hydraulic bearing has very high rigidity and bearing capacity.But; the precondition generated due to pressure-bearing wedge-like oil film be must reach certain between main shaft and bearing relative velocity; therefore; the disadvantage of hydraulic bearing is exactly to there will be direct metal friction between axle journal and bearing in the process of device start and shutdown unavoidablely, and this just makes the working life of axis system and precision stability be affected.Dynamic and hydrostatic bearing existing static-pressure oil chamber achieves the function of hydrostatic bearing, there is again convergence shape dynamic pressure oil pocket to make it possess the characteristic of hydraulic bearing, therefore, it has had all advantages of hydrostatic bearing and hydraulic bearing concurrently, so be widely used and be subject to increasing concern.
No matter hydraulic bearing, or dynamic and hydrostatic bearing, they have a structural element to be absolutely necessary, and that is exactly to generate the necessary dynamic pressure oil pocket of restraining shape that is of wedge-like oil film.For this reason, with regard to how forming convergence shape dynamic pressure oil pocket, considerable mode has appearred.Think hard on axle journal, the axle journal section is arranged for oval and polygonal, as WO2010135135A2; The axle journal section is arranged with special lug, as FR2616861A1; Have on axle journal and to have shallow chamber, as ZL200820159321.6; But be more try every possible means on axle sleeve, the bearing shell formula arranged, as US3738717A; There are two ends to borrow the bearing shell formula of wedge adjustable clearance, as WO9529346A1; Watt formula of can inclining is arranged, as SU1200009A; Eccentric simgle oil wedge is arranged, as GB2198194A; Eccentric two oil film wedges are arranged, as US6966700B2; Crescent shape cavity multi-oil wedge floating-ring is arranged, as HSDB-R type (unidirectional) and the CA1234179A1 (can be two-way) of WO2008149038A2, China; Stepped cavity multi-oil wedge floating-ring is arranged, as WMB type, the HSDB-1 type of ZL200910104109.9 and China; Have tapered sleeve to add can to incline watt, as JP7332352A; There is tapered sleeve to add the crescent shape cavity, as CH273491A.Except top these modes, also having a class is to utilize the resiliently deformable of material to form the dynamic pressure oil pocket of convergence shape, as US4676668A, US5664888A and the US6379046B1 of the bearing shell of belt variable shape supporting leg; Make GB344228A and the US3717393A of thin walled cylinder distortion under the effect of two fixed supports and an adjustment fulcrum; The cylindrical inner conical drogue is by the multiple tooth SU739269A1 that forces the distortion of inner circle external conical sleeve of wedge shape; Also has DE2544497A1, it all has many and radially cuts groove on the periphery of cylinder and inner headed face, also have on periphery and axially cut groove, make cylinder become an extremely yielding elastomer, screw by circumferential arrangement, can coordinate easily the crescent shape cavity had on inner headed face, form the dynamic pressure oil pocket of convergence shape and can be adjusted gap, with the Spieth hydraulic bearing of inventor's naming, be on sale throughout so far the whole world.
Make a general survey of the design of existing hydraulic bearing and dynamic and hydrostatic bearing, although wherein be no lack of exquisite talent's work, but exist still such or such deficiency, or structure is too complicated, or manufacturability is too poor, or to cause overall stiffness too low for non-monolithic structure, or the temperature rise of facing bearing is at a complete loss as to what to do, maybe must be equipped with two cover hydraulic systems, or can only single direction rotation and can not bidirectional rotation, or gap can not be adjusted or can not intense adjustment, maybe can only make hydraulic bearing and can't make dynamic and hydrostatic bearing.
Summary of the invention
For full liquid sliding bearing the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention propose a kind of simple in structure, good manufacturability, tool heat sinking function, can bidirectional rotation and can make to gap the dynamic and hydrostatic bearing of intense adjustment.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: on a thin walled cylinder outer wall, in circumferentially uniform number place, cylinder is applied to identical power simultaneously, make thin walled cylinder produce well-regulated resiliently deformable, between the shape after distortion and its incircle, can form several crescent shape.The crescent shape that this mode is formed is used as the dynamic pressure oil pocket of bearing, single its shape in convergence shape oil pocket more perfect but, and it has also avoided the technological problems at the various cavitys of the inner processing of circular hole up hill and dale.End cap is added at two ends at thin walled cylinder, makes the crescent shape oil pocket singly not can be used as the dynamic pressure oil pocket, also can be used as static-pressure oil chamber.Connect with support bracket bolt between two end cap, form the skeleton of bearing.Utilize the wedge principle to realize the resiliently deformable of thin walled cylinder.Concrete way is: dynamic and hydrostatic bearing adopts fabricated construction, mainly by a front cover, an axle sleeve, rear end cover, several axle sleeve distortion driving mechanism and a several support bracket bolt, formed, wherein, front cover, rear end cover and support bracket bolt form the skeleton of dynamic and hydrostatic bearing, simultaneously, front cover coordinates the axle sleeve after distortion also to play the effect of static-pressure oil chamber with rear end cover; Several axle sleeve distortion driving mechanisms are along circumferentially uniform, progressively adjust each axle sleeve distortion driving mechanism by staggered in turn mode, can force axle sleeve circumferentially and on its total length synchronously to be out of shape equably at it, thereby form several crescent shape convergence shape dynamic pressure oil pockets between axle sleeve and main shaft axle journal.The inwall of axle sleeve is a perfect cylndrical surface before distortion, and its outer wall is provided with radiating fin and has vertically the angled groove of several bottom surfaces and shaft axis on total length.Axle sleeve distortion driving mechanism is comprised of tapered wedges, adjustment screw and Compress Spring, and screw is adjusted in rotation can make tapered wedges move axially, thereby makes axle sleeve produce resiliently deformable, and Compress Spring can help tapered wedges more easily to put in place when making axle sleeve lax.The oil circuit of dynamic and hydrostatic bearing inside is that pressure oil injects from an end of crescent shape oil pocket, is positioned at the outer wall of the aperture outflow oil pocket arrival axle sleeve on axle sleeve by the other end of crescent shape oil pocket, after the total length of the radiating fin on the axle sleeve outer wall of then flowing through, discharges.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1. simple in structure, utilize the resiliently deformable of material just to obtain shape and the most perfectly restrain shape dynamic pressure oil pocket; 2. good manufacturability, without the complicated processing of any endoporus; 3. without additional flow controller is set; 4. only need a set of independently hydraulic system, two kinds of force value of default, in spindle speed during lower than certain definite value, hydraulic system output high pressure, at this moment, bearing is mainly worked in the mode of hydrostatic bearing, during when spindle speed arrival or higher than this definite value, hydraulic system output normal pressure, at this moment, bearing is mainly worked in the mode of hydraulic bearing, like this, safety in the time of both can having guaranteed main shaft in the slow-speed of revolution or without rotating speed, can reduce again the temperature rise of hydraulic system, reduces the energy consumption of system; 5. because bearing and main shaft axle journal are contactless, therefore, without be lined with the material such as Babbitt at sleeve lining; 6. because the Area comparison of dynamic pressure oil pocket is large, therefore, under the prerequisite of equal rigidity requirement, charge oil pressure required for the present invention can be lower; 7. the design of the design of radiating fin and bearing internal oil passages on the axle sleeve outer wall, make bearing of the present invention possess without peer the function of self-radiating, this requires extra high, particularly useful to highstrung those applications of bearing thermal distortion to precision stability, such as high-accuracy lathe and testing apparatus; 8. because the convergent-divergent effect that wedge has size, tapered wedges is reflected to axle sleeve distortion diametrically in axially movable distance, size can be dwindled greatly, therefore the present invention can realize the intense adjustment to least radius gap between bearing and the main shaft diameter of axle very like a cork, this to extra high those applications of main shaft running accuracy requirement such as high-precision machine tool and testing apparatus particularly useful; 9. the present invention changes the quantity of oil film wedge according to the size of the diameter of axle, can be applicable on the main shaft of all size; Change on front cover, rear end cover the diameter of fuel-displaced aperture on the axial length of oil sealing surface and axle sleeve or the static pressure performance that quantity just can change bearing; In the situation that the main shaft diameter of axle is definite, change diameter of a circle in axle sleeve and just can adjust wedge shape degree of crescent shape cavity etc., therefore, the present invention can adapt to the different operating mode of various industries and different technical requirementss.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is that the embodiment of the present invention is worked as the erection drawing of axle sleeve when relaxed state.
Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the present invention is worked as the erection drawing of axle sleeve when tightening up state.
1. front covers in figure, 2. support bracket bolt, 3. adjust screw, 4. Compress Spring, 5. axle sleeve, 6. tapered wedges, 7. rear end cover, 8. circumferential locating stud.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention selects four oil film wedge dynamic and hydrostatic bearings as example object, and the axle journal diameter is 60mm, and the accompanying drawing ratio is 1: 1.Fig. 1 is the state of axle sleeve (5) when lax, and Fig. 2 is the state of axle sleeve (5) while tightening up.
Dynamic and hydrostatic bearing mainly is comprised of front cover (1), axle sleeve (5), rear end cover (7), support bracket bolt (2), adjustment screw (3) and tapered wedges (6).Front cover (1), rear end cover (7) and support bracket bolt (2) form the skeleton of dynamic and hydrostatic bearing.Control the cooperation of support bracket bolt (2) two shoulder spacings with axle sleeve (5) length, guarantee that axle sleeve (5) just can move between front cover (1) and rear end cover (7).The inwall of axle sleeve (5) is a perfect cylndrical surface, has four uniform grooves on its outer wall, the bi-side of groove and axis parallel, and bottom surface and the shaft axis of groove have a certain degree.Also be provided with radiating fin on the outer wall of axle sleeve (5).Be provided with the axle sleeve distortion driving mechanism formed by tapered wedges (6), adjustment screw (3) and Compress Spring (4) in groove on axle sleeve (5) outer wall.Adopt staggered in turn mode progressively to rotate four and adjust screw (3), four tapered wedges (6) are moved axially in turn alternately, tapered wedges (6) do axially movable power according to wedge principle radial effect the bottom surface in axle sleeve (5) outer wall trench, thereby make axle sleeve (5) produce uniform resiliently deformable.Form four meniscate cavitys between axle sleeve after distortion (5) and main shaft axle journal.Adjust screw (3) and also at Compress Spring (4), go up the application of force when tightening up axle sleeve (5), therefore, when by the lax axle sleeve (5) of adjustment screw (3), except the resilience meeting of adjusting screw (3) and axle sleeve (5), at tapered wedges (6), go up the application of force, Compress Spring (4) also can help tapered wedges (6) more easily to put in place.The cylindrical of front cover (1) and rear end cover (7) is the basis that bearing is installed, therefore their grade of tolerance should be got h5.The endoporus of front cover (1) and rear end cover (7) is the axial oil sealing surface of bearing when the static pressure running state, so should leave suitable gap between this two hole and main shaft axle journal.Lubricant oil flows into four crescent shape cavitys from the oil inlet hole of rear end cover (7) by annular groove, eight fuel-displaced apertures that are positioned on axle sleeve (5) of the other end by the crescent shape cavity (that end of locating near front cover (1)) flow out the crescent shape cavitys again, arrive the outer wall of axle sleeve (5), and then discharge from oil drainage hole after the total length of the radiating fin on the axle sleeve of flowing through (5) outer wall.Eight fuel-displaced apertures on axle sleeve (5) are usingd static pressure method of operation when work also as the rear impedance of static-pressure oil chamber at bearing.That is to say, when bearing need to move with the hydrostatic bearing state, four crescent shape cavitys coordinate axial oil sealing surface on front cover (1) and rear end cover (7) and the rear impedance of upper eight the fuel-displaced apertures formation of axle sleeve (5) at once can play the effect of static-pressure oil chamber.Adjusting screw (3) is M6, pitch is 1mm, and the gradient of tapered wedges (6) is 1: 6, even if the angle that screw (3) is adjusted in each rotation during last intense adjustment is 1 °, during each intense adjustment, the distortion of axle sleeve (5) on radius is of a size of
this shows, the present invention can realize intense adjustment to the least radius gap between bearing and the main shaft diameter of axle very like a cork.
Claims (4)
1. an assembling type dynamic and hydrostatic bearing, it is characterized in that: dynamic and hydrostatic bearing comprises a front cover, an axle sleeve, rear end cover, several axle sleeve distortion driving mechanism and a several support bracket bolt, front cover, rear end cover and support bracket bolt form the skeleton of dynamic and hydrostatic bearing, and front cover coordinates the axle sleeve after distortion also to play the effect of static-pressure oil chamber with rear end cover; Several axle sleeve distortion driving mechanisms are along circumferentially uniform, progressively adjust each axle sleeve distortion driving mechanism by staggered in turn mode, force axle sleeve circumferentially and on its total length synchronously to be out of shape equably along it, thereby form several crescent shape convergence shape dynamic pressure oil pockets between axle sleeve and main shaft axle journal.
2. assembling type dynamic and hydrostatic bearing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inwall of described axle sleeve is a perfect cylndrical surface before distortion, and its outer wall is provided with radiating fin and has vertically the angled groove of several bottom surfaces and shaft axis on total length.
3. assembling type dynamic and hydrostatic bearing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described axle sleeve distortion driving mechanism is comprised of tapered wedges, adjustment screw and Compress Spring, screw is adjusted in rotation moves axially tapered wedges, can make axle sleeve produce required resiliently deformable, Compress Spring can help tapered wedges more easily to put in place when making axle sleeve lax.
4. assembling type dynamic and hydrostatic bearing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the oil circuit of dynamic and hydrostatic bearing inside is that pressure oil injects from an end of crescent shape oil pocket, be positioned at the outer wall of the aperture outflow oil pocket arrival axle sleeve on axle sleeve by the other end of crescent shape oil pocket, discharge after the total length of the radiating fin on the axle sleeve outer wall of then flowing through.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201210076394 CN102562802B (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | Assembly type dynamic and static pressure bearing with radiating fin and finely-adjustable clearance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201210076394 CN102562802B (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | Assembly type dynamic and static pressure bearing with radiating fin and finely-adjustable clearance |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102562802A CN102562802A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
| CN102562802B true CN102562802B (en) | 2013-12-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 201210076394 Expired - Fee Related CN102562802B (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | Assembly type dynamic and static pressure bearing with radiating fin and finely-adjustable clearance |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108779801B (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2021-03-09 | 博格华纳公司 | Bearing and process for making and using same |
| CN113833764B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2024-02-06 | 江苏集萃精凯高端装备技术有限公司 | Hydrostatic bearing |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1321813A (en) * | 1969-05-14 | 1973-07-04 | Michell Bearings Ltd | Journal bearings |
| US3967866A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-07-06 | Sphero International Company | Anti-friction pressure seal |
| JPS55163316A (en) * | 1979-06-03 | 1980-12-19 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Sliding bearing for dynamic pressure |
| CN101275605A (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2008-10-01 | 潘旭华 | Film thickness adjustable static pressure bearing and regulating method thereof |
| CN202012570U (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-10-19 | 郭溪泉 | Oil film bearing of main shaft of wind driven generator |
| CN202147011U (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-02-22 | 天津大学 | Compact dynamic-static pressure ceramic main axle device |
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2012
- 2012-03-19 CN CN 201210076394 patent/CN102562802B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN102562802A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
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Granted publication date: 20131225 Termination date: 20200319 |