CN102558618B - Substrate water retaining agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Substrate water retaining agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102558618B CN102558618B CN201110404675.9A CN201110404675A CN102558618B CN 102558618 B CN102558618 B CN 102558618B CN 201110404675 A CN201110404675 A CN 201110404675A CN 102558618 B CN102558618 B CN 102558618B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite substrate water retaining agent. The water retaining agent comprises an additive and an adhesive, wherein the additive comprises soluble starch, bamboo charcoal powder or corncob pyrolysis powder; and the adhesive is beta-cyclodextrin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The environment-friendly substrate water retaining agent is prepared from raw materials which are natural, pollution-free, wide in source and easy to degrade, has high water absorbing capacity and water retaining efficiency, can replace an expensive high molecular compound water retaining agent, and solves the problems that culture substrates (such as peat, turf and soil) in agriculture and forestry production and floriculture have low water retaining capacity, the common high molecular compound is low in degradation rate and high in cost, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water absorption Humectant of a kind of ep-type material and preparation method thereof, particularly water-holding agent of a plant cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof, is applicable to agriculture, field of forestry.
Background technology
Water-holding agent (Water retaining agent) is development in recent years a kind of chemical water-saving, high-tech drought resisting product faster, is now progressively applied to the production of flowers, nursery stock and farm crop etc.Water-holding agent has the characteristic of the gentle On The Drug Release moisture of quick absorption, can reduce cultivation matrix surface area water and water supply in media steam output.That is to say, in pouring process, the gravity water that water-holding agent can not sustainable utilization by plant stores, and effectively increases matrix water holding capacity, then gradually moisture is discharged for plant utilization, to improve efficiency of water application.
Universal along with cultivation matrix, productions in, all ubiquity water-retentivity and shortcomings such as nutrient preserving capability is poor of the various kinds of substrates of use, affect plant-growth, reduction plant quality.The compound substrate water retaining agent of this patent can effectively improve cultivation matrix water retention property, in use nontoxic, in natural degradation process, can slowly discharge nutrient, matrix self physico-chemical property is had to certain regulating effect, can improve to a certain extent the Quality and yield of cultivated plant.
At present, the general meta-alkalescence of some polymer water-holding agent pH, uses for a long time and easily causes cultivation matrix alkalescence too high, is unfavorable for the growth of root system of plant and the absorption to nutritive substance.Patent water-holding agent pH scope suitable for plant growth of the present invention, also can slowly-releasing nutrient when effectively improving matrix water-retentivity.
In water-holding agent research field, the sodium polyacrylate water-holding agent of Polymer Synthesizing class is water-holding agent research and applies a more class, contain the hydrophilic radicals such as a large amount of carboxyls, hydroxyl because of it, the deionized water that can absorb own wt hundreds of and even thousands of times, has non-environmental-pollution, suitability high.But because its synthesis material derives from refinery products vinylformic acid, the rise of the in short supply and Price of Acrylic Acid of petroleum-based energy, improves sodium polyacrylate water-holding agent production cost, promotes slower in soilless culture application aspect.Under certain condition, the degraded of this class water-holding agent also may produce objectionable impurities, and plant-growth is had a negative impact.
At present, water-holding agent both domestic and external mainly divides 2 large classes, and a class is acrylamide-acrylicacid salt cross-linking copolymer (polyacrylamide); Another kind of is starch grafted acrylate cross-linking copolymer (sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid first, poly amic acid, starch grafted acrylate etc.).The former is white granular crystal, and main component is acrylamide, potassium acrylate, water, linking agent.Its life-span is longer, and the water-holding capacity in matrix can maintain approximately 4 years, but water-retaining capacity can reduce gradually, and cost is higher.Polyacrylate in the latter, if its polymerization single polymerization monomer is sodium type, life-time service can cause sodium ions content in matrix to increase progressively, and causes matrix to harden, and is unfavorable for plant-growth.At present, woods and agricultural change production polyacrylic acid potassium or polyacrylamide into mostly with the manufacturer of water-holding agent, but the same existent defect of this class water-holding agent, and generally can only maintain more than 1 year its work-ing life, and stability and salt tolerance all poor.
At present, from existing water-holding agent mechanism aspect: anionic water-holding agent salt tolerance is poor, and absorption speed is slow, and the salt tolerance of non-ionic type is better, but its water-retaining capacity is lower.Water-holding agent synthetic materials is mainly raw material, Mierocrystalline cellulose and their derivative synthetic in oil, and cost is high and the feature of environmental protection is poor.The water-holding agent of present stage also exists following many deficiencies: the natural matter water-holding agent of (1) at present widespread use mainly makes water-holding agent as monomers such as raw material and acrylate, acrylamides taking natural product as Mierocrystalline cellulose, protein, chitin, humic acids etc., due to the difficult degradation of the monomers such as acrylate, can cause certain environment to pollute.(2) the appliable plant narrow range of water-holding agent, usable floor area is little.Due to production technique and the raw material sources of natural matter water-holding agent, make the price of domestic water-holding agent generally higher than external product, limit to a certain extent water-holding agent and applied.
Along with cultivation technique without soil is in the rise of countries in the world, the worsening shortages of water resources in addition, water-holding agent is attracted attention by people more in plant growing and the remarkable benefit on producing.Although it is fertile that general conventional water-holding agent can be economized on water, the physicochemical property of nutrient and improvement cultivation matrix can not be provided to plant, plant-growth is not had to promoter action.The foundation of water-saving soilless culture of flowers is the hot issue of present stage various countries research, and natural matter is made to the special water-holding agent of eco-friendly substrate, and to be applied to plant growing be the intensive development trends of current agroforestry.
For example: the application for a patent for invention that publication number is CN1912006A discloses a kind of humic acid base superstrength water retaining agent and preparation method thereof, it contains coal humic acid, vinylformic acid, industrial starch, linking agent, NaOH solution and Potassium Persulphate.Extract humic acids taking the higher coal of humic acids content as raw material, humic acids react with highly basic, formation humate solution and with hydrophilic monomer and starch graft copolymer, 60 DEG C of maintenance bath temperatures are to forming viscous gel shape product.Take out product, be cooled to room temperature, be cut into small pieces that it is dry to put into baking oven, pulverize with pulverizer, sieve by certain grade, obtain the humic acid base superstrength water retaining agent of the black particle shape of different-grain diameter.But the raw material part of this water-holding agent derives from refinery products vinylformic acid, the water-holding agent production cost that in short supply and acrylic acid price increase of petroleum-based energy makes raw material contain acrylic acid or the like is higher, slower in aspect popularizations such as soilless cultures, be unfavorable for product Sustainable development.And cannot determine that can this type of water-holding agent be degraded by microorganisms and utilize and environment is had or not to toxic action at occurring in nature.
The application for a patent for invention that and for example publication number is CN101987959A discloses the bonding water-holding agent that a kind of vegetation is used, its major ingredient is that poly tackiness agent and major ingredient are polyacrylic water-holding agent, it can be bonded in matrix on cliff for a long time, even in the time of long-time heavy rain or arid, adhesive fastness is also very high, can not come off.But this water-holding agent mainly contains the poor polymkeric substance of weathering resistance composition, out of doors or under intensive ultraviolet, easily occur catabiosis, cause water-retentivity to reduce and even do not reach water retention.Be high molecular polymer due to what use, have difficult degradation, degradation time is long, and the hidden danger such as toxic substance and contaminate environment are produced in degraded.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is provides a kind of substrate water retaining agent and preparation method thereof for the defect existing in prior art, the present invention is with natural pollution-free, wide material sources and the easy raw material of degraded, the environment-friendly type water keeping agent preparing, its water-retaining capacity is strong, water retaining efficiency is high, use water-holding agent of the present invention can substitute the water-holding agent of expensive macromolecular compound, solved that agroforestry are produced and flower culture in the problems such as the slow and cost of poor, the conventional macromolecular compound degradable speed of cultivation matrix (peat, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soil) water retention capacity is higher.
For realizing object of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of substrate water retaining agent, comprise additive and tackiness agent, wherein additive is selected one or more in Zulkovsky starch, bamboo charcoal powder, corn cob pyrolysis powder, and tackiness agent is selected cyclodextrin and Xylo-Mucine.
Wherein, described cyclodextrin is selected the one in alpha-cylodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, δ-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin, is preferably beta-cyclodextrin.
Wherein, the weight part proportioning of described tackiness agent and additive is 1-6: 1; Be preferably 1-4.4: 1.
Particularly, the weight part proportioning of cyclodextrin described in tackiness agent and described Xylo-Mucine is 0.5-3: 1, be preferably 1-2: 1.
Especially, the weight part proportioning of described beta-cyclodextrin and Xylo-Mucine is 0.5-3: 1, be preferably 1-2: 1.
Wherein, the particle diameter≤1mm of described bamboo charcoal powder, is preferably≤0.5mm, more preferably≤0.25mm.
Wherein, described corn cob pyrolysis powder is that corn cob is carried out pulverizing the powder forming after pyrolysis processing again.
Particularly, the temperature of described pyrolysis processing is 200-300 DEG C; Treatment time 5-10min.
Particularly, in described pyrolysis processing process, control oxygen volumn concentration≤10%, oxygen volumn concentration is preferably 2-10%.
Especially, water ratio≤10% of described corn cob, is preferably 5-10%.
Particularly, before carrying out pyrolysis processing, also comprise corn cob is pulverized to the particle for granularity≤1cm.
Wherein, described pulverizing is that the product after pyrolysis processing is ground into the powder that granularity is less than 1mm, is preferably the powder that is less than 0.25mm.
Particularly, also comprise the solid product after pyrolysis processing be immersed in water, carry out desalting treatment, then by the particle drying after desalting treatment to water ratio≤20%.
Wherein, the desalting treatment time is 20-120min; Solid product after pyrolysis processing is 1 with the ratio of the volume of water: 4-6.
Especially, also comprise after the solid cooled after pyrolysis processing, be ground into the powder of particle diameter≤1mm, the powder of be preferably≤0.5mm, the powder of more preferably≤0.25mm.
Additive Zulkovsky starch, bamboo charcoal powder and corn cob pyrolysis powder, contain the nutritive elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and plant-growth is had to certain promoter action.
Zulkovsky starch is a kind of polysaccharide, has toughness after heating, discharges the monose thing absorbing for plant; Bamboo charcoal powder is pulverous bamboo charcoal, there is cellular microvoid structure, specific surface area is large, there is special adsorptive power, there is the effect of the moisture absorption, filtration, purification, moisturizing, and in bamboo charcoal powder, contain the needed several kinds of mineral elements of plant-growth, mix in certain proportion in matrix, can make matrix loose porous, be conducive to plant and absorb moisture and nutriment; Corn cob pyrolysis powder has the microvoid structure of adsorptive power and contains the needed various nutrient elements of biological growth.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of substrate water retaining agent on the other hand, comprises first additive and tackiness agent are added to the water, and carries out heat treated, carries out drying treatment after mixing, and to obtain final product.
Wherein, described additive is selected one or more in Zulkovsky starch, bamboo carbon powder or corn cob pyrolysis particle, and described tackiness agent comprises cyclodextrin and Xylo-Mucine.
Wherein, the weight part proportioning of described tackiness agent and additive is 1-6: 1; Be preferably: 1-4.4: 1.
Particularly, described cyclodextrin is selected the one in alpha-cylodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, δ-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin or sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin, is preferably beta-cyclodextrin.
Wherein, the weight part proportioning of cyclodextrin described in tackiness agent and described Xylo-Mucine is 0.5-3: 1, be preferably 1-2: 1.
Particularly, the weight part proportioning of described beta-cyclodextrin and Xylo-Mucine is 0.5-3: 1, be preferably 1-2: 1.
Wherein, the particle diameter≤1mm of described bamboo charcoal powder, is preferably≤0.5mm, more preferably≤0.25mm.
Wherein, described corn cob pyrolysis powder is that corn cob is carried out pulverizing the powder forming after pyrolysis processing again.
Wherein, the temperature of described pyrolysis processing is 200-300 DEG C; Treatment time 5-10min.
Particularly, in described pyrolysis processing process, control oxygen volumn concentration≤10%, oxygen volumn concentration is preferably 2-10%.
Especially, water ratio≤10% of described corn cob, is preferably 5-10%.
Particularly, before carrying out pyrolysis processing, also comprise corn cob is pulverized to the particle for granularity≤1cm.
Particularly, also comprise the solid product after pyrolysis processing be immersed in water, carry out desalting treatment, then by the particle drying after desalting treatment to water ratio≤20%.
Wherein, the desalting treatment time is 20-120min; Solid product after pyrolysis processing is 1 with the ratio of the volume of water: 4-6.
Especially, also comprise after the solid cooled after pyrolysis processing, be ground into the powder of particle diameter≤1mm, the powder of be preferably≤0.5mm, the powder of more preferably≤0.25mm.
Wherein, the weight part proportioning of the gross weight of described additive and tackiness agent and water is 1: 1-7, is preferably 1: 1.2-6.7.
Wherein, described heat treated temperature is 50-70 DEG C, is preferably 55-65 DEG C, more preferably 65 DEG C; The heat treated time is 10-20min, is preferably 15min.
Particularly, described heat treated is heating in water bath, and the temperature of heating in water bath is 50-70 DEG C, more preferably 55-65 DEG C; The heat treated time is 10-20min, is preferably 15min.
Wherein, the temperature of described drying treatment is 60-85 DEG C, is preferably 80 ± 2 DEG C; Be dried to water ratio lower than 3%, be preferably 2-3%.
Particularly, the mixture of the additive after heat treated and tackiness agent is placed in to baking oven and carries out described drying treatment, drying temperature is 60-85 DEG C, is preferably 80 ± 2 DEG C, is dried to water ratio lower than 3%, is preferably 2-3%.
Particularly, also comprise the powder that the water-holding agent after drying treatment is ground into particle diameter≤1mm.
Substrate water retaining agent tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, substrate water retaining agent of the present invention is prepared from by natural matter, and water-retaining capacity is strong, and water absorption and swelling degree reaches 145.387-187.978%, after water suction, be expanded to hydrogel, strengthen matrix water-retentivity, can slowly discharge moisture and absorb for plant, the water conservation time is long, effective.
2, substrate water retaining agent physicochemical property of the present invention are stable, and potential of hydrogen is moderate, and pH is 6-7, meet the requirement of most plants growth, are suitable for cultivation of plants, are of value to the growth of plant.
3, substrate water retaining agent absorption speed of the present invention is fast, and sustainable water conservation is released water, has extended water-holding agent duration of service, and water-holding agent of the present invention is degradable product, environmentally safe, and cultivation matrix is reconciled in addition to the effect of its structure and slowly-releasing nutrient.
4, substrate water retaining agent water conservation of the present invention is effective, and a small amount of water-holding agent, with regard to the aobvious water conservation effect of codamine, has been saved resource, has reduced plant growing cost, and alternative polymer water-holding agent uses.
5, substrate water retaining agent of the present invention adopts natural matter to make, nontoxic, safe, biodegradable, and degraded product not only on environment, plant and plant cultivation media without impact, and can also slowly discharge nutrient, effectively improve the physicochemical property of cultivation matrix, there is the function of repairing matrix, fertilizer conservation.
Cost is low,
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, prepare raw material according to following weight
Xylo-Mucine 200g
Beta-cyclodextrin 200g
Zulkovsky starch 200g
2, additive Zulkovsky starch and tackiness agent beta-cyclodextrin, Xylo-Mucine being added to weight is in the water of 4020g, mix, be made into pre-treatment mixture, wherein additive is 1: 6.7 with the ratio of the gross weight of tackiness agent and the weight of water, in tackiness agent, beta-cyclodextrin is 1: 1 with the ratio of the weight of Xylo-Mucine, and additive gross weight is 1: 2 with the ratio of tackiness agent gross weight;
3, the pre-treatment mixture mixing is carried out to heat treated, stir, wherein Heating temperature is 60 DEG C, and heat treated 15min is scattered in water Xylo-Mucine, beta-cyclodextrin, and Zulkovsky starch gelatinization is complete, forms colloidal mixture;
4, colloidal mixture is placed in to baking oven and carries out drying treatment, wherein drying temperature is 80 ± 2 DEG C, and being dried to water ratio is 3% rear pulverizing, and powder is crossed the soil sieve of 1mm, makes the powder of granularity≤1mm, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 2
1, prepare raw material according to following weight:
Xylo-Mucine 285.7g
Beta-cyclodextrin 571.4g
Bamboo charcoal powder 192.9g
Wherein, the particle diameter of bamboo charcoal powder is 0.25-0.5mm;
2, additive bamboo charcoal powder and tackiness agent beta-cyclodextrin, Xylo-Mucine being added to weight is in the water of 1700g, mix, be made into pre-treatment mixture, wherein additive is 1: 1.6 with the ratio of the gross weight of tackiness agent and the weight of water, and in tackiness agent, beta-cyclodextrin is 2: 1 with the ratio of the weight of Xylo-Mucine; Additive gross weight is 1: 4.4 with the ratio of tackiness agent gross weight;
3, the pre-treatment mixture mixing is carried out to heat treated, stir, wherein Heating temperature is 65 DEG C, and heat treated 10min is scattered in water Xylo-Mucine, beta-cyclodextrin, bamboo charcoal powder, forms colloidal mixture;
4, colloidal mixture is placed in to baking oven and carries out drying treatment, wherein drying temperature is 70 ± 2 DEG C, and being dried to water ratio is 2% rear pulverizing, and powder is crossed the soil sieve of 1mm, makes the powder of granularity≤1mm, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 3
1, prepare raw material according to following weight:
Wherein, the particle diameter of bamboo charcoal powder is less than 0.25mm.
2, additive Zulkovsky starch, bamboo charcoal powder and tackiness agent beta-cyclodextrin, Xylo-Mucine being added to weight is in the water of 1200g, mix, be made into pre-treatment mixture, wherein additive is 1: 12 with the ratio of the gross weight of tackiness agent and the weight of water, and in tackiness agent, beta-cyclodextrin is 1: 1 with the ratio of the weight of Xylo-Mucine; Additive gross weight is 1: 1.6 with the ratio of tackiness agent gross weight;
3, the pre-treatment mixture mixing is carried out to heat treated, stir, wherein Heating temperature is 65 DEG C, heat treated 20min, Xylo-Mucine, beta-cyclodextrin, bamboo charcoal powder are scattered in water, and Zulkovsky starch gelatinization is complete, forms colloidal mixture;
4, colloidal mixture is placed in to baking oven and carries out drying treatment, wherein drying temperature is 80 ± 2 DEG C, and being dried to water ratio is 2% rear pulverizing, and powder is crossed the soil sieve of 1mm, makes the powder of granularity≤1mm, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 4
1, prepare raw material according to following weight:
Wherein, described corn cob pyrolysis powder is prepared from accordance with the following steps:
A) be the particle that 5% corn cob meal is broken into granularity≤1cm by being dried to water ratio;
B) corn cob granule added in carbonizer and open carbonizer, heat temperature raising is also maintained until 300 DEG C, and the oxygen volumn concentration of simultaneously controlling in carbonizer is 5%, carries out under the described conditions pyrolysis processing, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 5min;
C) stop heating, take out the solid after pyrolysis processing, after it is completely cooling, pulverize, after the soil sieve that to cross aperture be 0.25mm, to obtain final product.
2, additive Zulkovsky starch, corn cob pyrolysis powder and tackiness agent beta-cyclodextrin, Xylo-Mucine being added to weight is in the water of 6700g, mix, be made into pre-treatment mixture, wherein additive is 1: 6.7 with the ratio of the gross weight of tackiness agent and the weight of water, and in tackiness agent, beta-cyclodextrin is 1: 1 with the ratio of the weight of Xylo-Mucine; Additive gross weight is 1: 1.6 with the ratio of tackiness agent gross weight;
3, the pre-treatment mixture mixing is carried out to heat treated, stir, wherein Heating temperature is 55 DEG C, heat treated 20min, Xylo-Mucine, beta-cyclodextrin, corn cob pyrolysis powder are scattered in water, and Zulkovsky starch gelatinization is complete, forms colloidal mixture;
4, colloidal mixture is placed in to baking oven and carries out drying treatment, wherein drying temperature is 80 ± 2 DEG C, and being dried to water ratio is 3% rear pulverizing, and powder is crossed the soil sieve of 1mm, makes the powder of granularity≤1mm, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 5
1, prepare raw material according to following weight:
Wherein, the particle diameter of bamboo charcoal powder is less than 0.25mm.
Wherein, described corn cob pyrolysis powder is prepared from accordance with the following steps:
A) be the particle that 10% corn cob meal is broken into granularity≤1cm by being dried to water ratio;
B) corn cob granule added in carbonizer and open carbonizer, heat temperature raising is also maintained until 200 DEG C, and the oxygen volumn concentration of simultaneously controlling in carbonizer is 2%, carries out under the described conditions pyrolysis processing, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 10min;
C) stop heating, take out the solid after pyrolysis processing, after it is completely cooling, is dipped in water and carries out desalting treatment 60min, being then dried to water ratio is 10% rear pulverizing, after the soil sieve that aperture is 0.25mm excessively, to obtain final product.
2, tackiness agent beta-cyclodextrin, Xylo-Mucine and additive Zulkovsky starch, bamboo charcoal powder, corn cob granule being added to weight is in the water of 4000g, mix, be made into pre-treatment mixture, wherein additive is 1: 4 with the ratio of the gross weight of tackiness agent and the weight of water, and in tackiness agent, beta-cyclodextrin is 2: 1 with the ratio of the weight of Xylo-Mucine; Additive gross weight is 1: 1 with the ratio of tackiness agent gross weight;
3, the pre-treatment mixture mixing is carried out to heat treated, stir, wherein Heating temperature is 65 DEG C, heat treated 15min, Xylo-Mucine, beta-cyclodextrin, bamboo charcoal powder, corn cob pyrolysis powder are scattered in water, and Zulkovsky starch gelatinization is complete, forms colloidal mixture;
4, colloidal mixture is placed in to baking oven and carries out drying treatment, wherein drying temperature is 80 ± 2 DEG C, and being dried to water ratio is 2% rear pulverizing, and powder is crossed the soil sieve of 1mm, makes the powder of granularity≤1mm, to obtain final product.
Reference examples
To be purchased from water-holding agent (model is as the MP3005KM) example in contrast of Jinyuanyi Ecologic Engineering Tech Center, Beijing.
The mensuration of test example 1 water-holding agent pH
Respectively get water-holding agent and reference examples water-holding agent prepared by 5g embodiment 1-5 and mix with 25ml deionized water, centrifuging after vibration 30min, likes that with Shanghai three think of 1-14 wide pH value test paper measure the pH value in filtrate, and measurement result is as shown in table 1.
The pH pH-value determination pH result of table 1 water-holding agent
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Reference examples | |
| PH value | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 |
Measurement result proves, water-holding agent pH scope of the present invention is 6～7, and acid on the weak side is to neutral, and reference examples water-holding agent alkalescence on the weak side, if use for a long time reference examples water-holding agent, can cause matrix alkalescence too high, is unfavorable for plant-growth.Water-holding agent of the present invention and plant cultivation media optimum pH are the most approaching, even if use for a long time, also can not affect the acid or alkali environment of matrix.Illustrate that water-holding agent of the present invention uses rear not quite on plant cultivation media pH impact, can provide stable matrix environment for plant, can not cause toxic action to plant, also can not affect the absorption of Plant To Nutrient.
The mensuration of test example 2 water-holding agent swelling capacity
Accurately take respectively water-holding agent and reference examples water-holding agent 0.1000g prepared by embodiment 1-5, putting into respectively weight is G
1dry centrifuge tube in, add deionized water to make each water-holding agent water absorption and swelling 30min to gel state, stir during this time 2 times, then centrifugal 20min, the centrifuge tube that directly tilts, removes after upper solution, is weighed as G
2, every kind of water-holding agent repeats swelling, centrifugal 3 times.The swelling capacity (Q) of calculating water-holding agent according to the result of measuring, measurement result is as shown in table 2, and wherein, the calculation formula of swelling capacity (Q) is as follows:
Q＝(G
2-G
1)/0.1
The swelling capacity detected result of table 2 water-holding agent
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Reference examples | |
| Swelling capacity (%) | 145.387 | 163.901 | 141.905 | 187.978 | 154.098 | 109.530 |
Measurement result proves, water-holding agent swelling capacity of the present invention is all large than the swelling capacity of reference examples water-holding agent, and swelling capacity can reach 145.387-187.978%, and the 1.3-1.7 of reference examples doubly.Illustrate that water-holding agent of the present invention is adsorbable, storage large quantity of moisture, comparatively large vol occurs and expand, can reach better water retention, and substrate water retaining agent absorption speed of the present invention is fast, be beneficial to the quick water suction of plant cultivation media, reduce moisture loss, water saving.
The mensuration of test example 3 water-holding agent water-retaining capacities
(1) mensuration of water-holding agent rate of water absorption
Accurately take respectively each 8 parts of water-holding agent prepared by embodiment 1-5 and reference examples water-holding agent, every part of 0.5g, then puts into each sample respectively the 100mL beaker that is added with 50mL deionized water, carries out the test of water-holding agent rate of water absorption.
Respectively the water suction of each water-holding agent the the the the the 1st, 3,5,10,20,30,60, filter after 90min, after the unabsorbed moisture content of filtering water-holding agent, then weigh the weight (M of water-holding agent
1), the rate of water absorption of calculating water-holding agent, the measurement result of rate of water absorption is as shown in table 3, wherein, rate of water absorption V
water suctioncalculation formula as follows:
V
water suction=M
1-0.5/ timed interval
The detected result of the rate of water absorption of table 3 water-holding agent
Measurement result shows, water-holding agent rate of water absorption of the present invention is fast, and is all greater than reference examples rate of water absorption.This is owing to containing a large amount of hydrophilic radicals in water-holding agent of the present invention, and hydrophilic radical can make water-holding agent absorption speed accelerate after meeting hydrolytic dissociation.
Water-holding agent rate of water absorption of the present invention is large, and water retention property is just better, absorbs rapidly moisture, effectively prevents water loss, in the time watering irrigation, saves irrigation period, makes moisture fully be saved in the short period of time, prevents the loss that moisture is unnecessary.
(2) mensuration of water-holding agent water suction multiple
Accurately take respectively water-holding agent, the each 0.5g of reference examples water-holding agent prepared by embodiment 1-5, each sample is put into respectively to the 100mL beaker that is added with 50mL deionized water, carry out the test of water-holding agent water suction multiple.More than standing beaker 12h, reach capacity until water-holding agent fully absorbs moisture, then with plastic nylon net filtration to till no longer including water droplet and leaking down, weigh and inhale water saturated water-holding agent weight (M
2), the water suction multiple P of calculating water-holding agent, the measurement result of water-holding agent water suction multiple is as shown in table 4, and wherein, the calculation formula of the water suction multiple P of water-holding agent is as follows:
P＝(M
2-0.5)/0.5
In formula, P is water suction multiple, and P unit is g/g.
The detected result of the water suction multiple of table 4 water-holding agent
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Reference examples | |
| Water suction multiple (g/g) | 15.538 | 15.665 | 14.481 | 16.193 | 15.613 | 13.033 |
Experiment results proved, patent water-holding agent of the present invention water suction multiple is all higher than the water suction multiple of reference examples.Water suction multiple is large, and the speed that becomes hydrogel after water-holding agent water suction is fast, and the moisture of its absorption under field conditions (factors) velocity of evaporation is slow, pressurization is also difficult for segregation, make intramatrical capillary movement be obstructed simultaneously, reduce evaporation or the seepage loss of moisture in matrix, be also conducive to preserve more moisture.
(3) the absorptive mensuration repeatedly of water-holding agent
1) accurately take respectively water-holding agent, the each 0.5g of reference examples water-holding agent prepared by embodiment 1-5, then each sample is put into respectively to the 100mL beaker that is added with 50mL deionized water, leave standstill until water-holding agent fully absorbs moisture to saturated, again with plastic nylon net filtration to till no longer including water droplet and leaking down, weigh and inhale water saturated water-holding agent weight (M
2), the water suction multiple of calculating water-holding agent;
2) accurately weigh and inhale the each 5g of water saturated water-holding agent respectively, be placed in temperature and be the baking oven of 65 DEG C, dry, measured the weight of wetting Agent for Printing Inks every 24 hours, until water-holding agent reaches the complete dehydration of constant weight, meanwhile, record starting time, often complete the circulation saturated, that dry that once absorbs water and be designated as once;
3) by repeated multiple times saturated water suction, the drying cycle of carrying out of water-holding agent after drying, to water-holding agent absorb water saturated, dry, again absorb water saturated, again dry repetition test, wherein, drying cycle saturated each water suction of water-holding agent, in process, measure the water suction multiple of water-holding agent, until saturated, the drying and processing 30 times of repeatedly absorbing water.In each working cycle, the water suction multiple measurement result of water-holding agent is as shown in table 5.
The calculation formula of the water suction multiple P of water-holding agent is as follows:
P＝(M
2-0.5)/0.5
In formula, P is water suction multiple, and P unit is g/g.
The absorptive mensuration repeatedly of table 5 water-holding agent
Measurement result shows: water absorbing properties is good repeatedly for patent water-holding agent of the present invention, repeatedly absorb water often, and water suction multiple is higher than reference examples.Also illustrate that patent water-holding agent of the present invention had compared with the long life, performance is good simultaneously, and the water conservation repeatedly that is conducive to matrix uses.
The mensuration of test example 4 water-holding agent water retention capacities
Accurately take respectively water-holding agent, the each 20g of reference examples water-holding agent prepared by embodiment 1-5, then each sample is put into respectively to the beaker that is added with deionized water, leave standstill water suction until water-holding agent fully absorbs moisture to saturated, again with plastic nylon net filtration to till no longer including water droplet and leaking down, take respectively and inhale the each 50g of water saturated water-holding agent, at 30 DEG C, constant temperature forced air drying in electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box, and measure respectively water-holding agent weight (M every 24h in drying process
3), until the complete dehydration of water-holding agent reaches constant weight.Meanwhile, record water-holding agent and reach the time that is dried to constant weight, i.e. the starting time of water-holding agent, starting time measurement result is as shown in table 6; Water-holding agent dehydrating speed measurement result is as shown in table 7, wherein, and water-holding agent dehydrating speed V
dehydrationcalculation formula as follows:
V
dehydration=(50-M
3)/time of drying
The table 6 water-holding agent dehydration balance time
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Reference examples | |
| Starting time (d) | ＞30 | ＞30 | ＞30 | ＞30 | ＞30 | ＞30 |
Table 7 water-holding agent rate-of-loss of coolant detected result
Experiment results proved:
1, the starting time of compound substrate water retaining agent of the present invention is long, and starting time exceedes 30 days, illustrates that water-holding agent water retention capacity of the present invention is strong, continues water supply for plant in can be for a long time.
2, water-holding agent is fully absorbing after moisture, along with the particularly flow of water reduction of matrix of change of moisture condition around, can discharge moisture, but the dehydration ability difference of different water-holding agents, the speed that will consider in actual applications to discharge moisture can not too slowly can not be too fast, otherwise can not play water conservation Water storage effectively.The water retention capacity of water-holding agent of the present invention after absorption moisture is strong, and the speed equilibrium that discharges moisture is moderate, effectively water conservation and release moisture.
The germination test of test example 5 water-holding agents is measured
Water-holding agent, reference examples water-holding agent each taking-up 4g, 2g, 1g respectively prepared by embodiment 1-5, mix with the import peat 20g 50ml deionized water of the Pindstrup Pin Shi Top of originating from Denmark respectively, respectively take mixture 10g, put into culture dish, add 10, Plantula Brassicae chinensis seed on the surface of each water-holding agent, put into constant incubator, temperature is 25 DEG C, after cultivation 72h, takes out and observes, and records seed germination number, calculate rate of emergence and germination index, the results are shown in Table 8 and table 9.
Plantula Brassicae chinensis number of shoots/10 in percentage of germination=culture dish;
Germination index (GI)=(percentage of germination × bud of example is long)/(percentage of germination × bud of reference examples is long)
Table 8 water-holding agent percentage of germination measurement result
Table 9 water-holding agent germination index measurement result
Experiment results proved:
1, in the case of different water-holding agents and substrate composition, substrate water retaining agent percentage of germination prepared by the present invention has all reached more than 90%, is only 80% and the water-holding agent of reference examples has, and water-holding agent safety non-toxic of the present invention is described, for the growth unrestraint effect of plant, can promote the use of.
2, the germination index of water-holding agent of the present invention is high, reach the 2-7 of reference examples water-holding agent germination index doubly, illustrate the effect of water-holding agent slowly-releasing water prepared by the present invention more stable lasting, preferably, be more conducive to plant and absorb moisture, the growth of plant has been played to promoter action.
The determination test of test example 6 water-holding agents water retaining capacity in matrix
By dry the Pindstrup Pin Shi Top import peat growing medium that originates from Denmark, the rear 0.25mm of the mistake sieve of pulverizing, the water-holding agent of preparing with embodiment 1-5 respectively, the ratio that reference examples water-holding agent is 5: 1,10: 1,20: 1 according to the ratio of weight respectively mix, and are then packed in cutting ring and take the weight (M of the each matrix packing in cutting ring
4), every other day weigh the mixed weight of cutting ring and matrix, until numerical value while being constant weight only, be and absorb water to saturatedly, (M weighs
5), calculate the water regain of water-holding agent in matrix, wherein the water regain of water-holding agent in matrix identifies with water content of substrate, and measurement result is as shown in table 9.The calculation formula of matrix water retaining capacity is as follows:
Matrix water retaining capacity (%)=(M
5-M
4the total mass * 100 of peat growing medium and water-holding agent before)/water suction
Table 9 water-holding agent water retaining capacity in matrix
Test-results shows:
1, be 1: 5 o'clock in the usage ratio of water-holding agent and matrix, the water retaining capacity of the matrix of use reference examples water-holding agent is large, has exceeded 100%, reaches 115.40%, causes matrix bonding caking, has a strong impact on plant root growth and breathing; And use the water retaining capacity of matrix of water-holding agent of the present invention lower than 100%, after using, there is not the phenomenon of bonding caking in matrix, uses the matrix of water-holding agent of the present invention loose, can be plant-growth a good matrix environment is provided.
2, along with the blending ratio of water-holding agent and matrix reduces, the water retaining capacity of matrix reduces gradually, but uses the water retaining capacity lowering speed of matrix of water-holding agent of the present invention lower than reference examples; Use the water holding capacity of the matrix of reference examples water-holding agent sharply to decline, make the water retaining capacity of the matrix that uses reference examples water-holding agent lower than the water retaining capacity of the matrix of use water-holding agent of the present invention.
3, along with the blending ratio of water-holding agent and matrix reduces, the water retaining capacity of the matrix of use water-holding agent of the present invention is higher than the water retaining capacity of the matrix of use reference examples water-holding agent, the scope of application that water-holding agent consumption of the present invention is described is wider, can be because of the too much or very few variation by a relatively large margin of matrix water holding capacity, the practical application convenience of causing of usage quantity.
4, the proportioning of water-holding agent and matrix is reduced to 1: 10 or when following, be 1: 10 in the proportioning of water-holding agent and matrix, the water retaining capacity of the matrix of use water-holding agent of the present invention is all higher than reference examples, reaching more than 72.267%, is only 68.360% and use the water retaining capacity of the matrix of reference examples water-holding agent; Be 1: 20 in the proportioning of water-holding agent and matrix, the water retaining capacity of the matrix of use water-holding agent of the present invention, all higher than reference examples, reaches more than 70.196%, is only 61.098% and use the water retaining capacity of the matrix of reference examples water-holding agent; Illustrate that water-holding agent of the present invention, in the situation that consumption is relatively less, can bring into play high water retention.
5, water-holding agent of the present invention can absorb large quantity of moisture, improve matrix water-holding power and water capacity, increase its effective water content, can absorb rapidly at short notice extraneous water, reduce water supply in media seepage velocity, reduce moisture loss, significantly improve efficiency of water application, water conservation effect is good, cost-saving, is beneficial to and applies.
Test example 7 is added the test of water retention capacity under matrix state of saturation after water-holding agent
1) the Pindstrup Pin Shi Top import peat growing medium crushed after being dried of Denmark will be originated from, the rear 0.25mm sieve of crossing;
2) respectively get matrix 20g, the ratio that is 5: 1,10: 1,20: 1 with embodiment 1-5, reference examples water-holding agent according to the ratio of weight respectively mixes;
3) respectively matrix and water-holding agent mixture are packed in the beaker of 100ml, adding distil water is to saturated, and M weighs
6;
4) beaker that matrix is housed after water suction is placed on to Indoor Natural evaporation, and weighs the gross weight (Mn) of beaker and matrix every 24h, calculate the moisture vaporator rate of the matrix of adding water-holding agent, the moisture vaporator rate V of matrix
evaporationcalculation formula as follows, measurement result is as shown in table 11.
V
evaporation=M
6-M
n/ evaporation time
Wherein, M
6represent to inhale the weight of water saturated matrix and beaker; M
nafter expression spontaneous evaporation, measure the gross weight of beaker and matrix.
Table 11 adds the water evaporation quantity of the matrix of water-holding agent
Experiment results proved:
1, the consumption difference of water-holding agent in matrix, the moisture vaporator rate difference of matrix, along with the minimizing of water-holding agent consumption, moisture vaporator rate increases.
2, in the case of the blending ratio of water-holding agent and matrix is identical, use the moisture vaporator rate of the matrix of water-holding agent of the present invention to be less than reference examples, and the moisture vaporator rate of the matrix of use water-holding agent of the present invention is steady, along with the prolongation of duration of service, water supply in media vaporator rate steadily reduces, and plays water retention, long-time continuing, for plant provides growth required moisture, more steady for water speed uniformly, for the growth of plant provides a stable environment.
3, in same time, in the water-holding agent situation different from the mixing match of matrix, water-holding agent consumption is large, and water supply in media vaporator rate is less, and water-holding agent consumption is little, and water supply in media vaporator rate is large; In the case of the mixing match of water-holding agent and matrix is identical, along with the prolongation of time, matrix stores moisture and evaporates and tail off gradually, the moisture confession plant utilization of its vaporator rate more than reducing gradually could preserve relatively.
4, be respectively 1: 5,1: 10,1: 20 in the proportioning of water-holding agent of the present invention and matrix, the moisture vaporator rate of matrix is all less than the moisture vaporator rate of the matrix that reference examples water-holding agent and substrate composition are 1: 5, illustrate and use a small amount of water-holding agent of the present invention, can reach the effect of water conservation, not only can be plant a suitable water surrounding that needs is provided, can also save water-holding agent consumption.
5, after substrate water retaining agent of the present invention mixes with matrix, the water retention capacity of matrix improves, water conservation effect strengthens, and the equilibrium of water supply in media vaporator rate is moderate, water conservation retaining effectively, the water surrounding of suitable growth was both provided for plant, can not cause lack of water because of the too fast evaporation of moisture again, can be not strong because of water-holding agent water-holding power yet, cause matrix bonding caking, affect plant root growth and breathing, thereby affect plant-growth.
Claims (9)
1. a substrate water retaining agent, is characterized in that, comprises additive and tackiness agent, and wherein additive is Zulkovsky starch and corn cob pyrolysis powder, and tackiness agent comprises cyclodextrin and Xylo-Mucine, and the weight part proportioning of described tackiness agent and additive is 1 6:1.
2. water-holding agent as claimed in claim 1, the weight part proportioning that it is characterized in that described cyclodextrin and Xylo-Mucine be 0.5 3:1.
3. water-holding agent as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described corn cob pyrolysis powder is that corn cob is carried out pulverizing and forming after pyrolysis processing.
4. water-holding agent as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described pyrolysis processing temperature 200 300 DEG C; Treatment time 5 10min.
5. water-holding agent as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that controlling oxygen volumn concentration≤10% in described pyrolysis processing process.
6. water-holding agent as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that water ratio≤10% of described corn cob.
7. the preparation method of a substrate water retaining agent, comprise first additive and tackiness agent are added to the water, carry out heat treated, carry out drying treatment after mixing, to obtain final product, wherein additive is Zulkovsky starch and corn cob pyrolysis powder, and described tackiness agent comprises cyclodextrin and Xylo-Mucine.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 7, the temperature that it is characterized in that described heat treated be 50 70 DEG C.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that the summation of described additive and tackiness agent and the weight part proportioning of water be 1:1 7.
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| CN110338035A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-10-18 | 海门品尚医药科技有限公司 | A kind of composition that can improve cultivation matrix retentiveness and its application |
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