CN102555833B - 对车辆电池充电的系统和方法 - Google Patents

对车辆电池充电的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN102555833B
CN102555833B CN201110442116.7A CN201110442116A CN102555833B CN 102555833 B CN102555833 B CN 102555833B CN 201110442116 A CN201110442116 A CN 201110442116A CN 102555833 B CN102555833 B CN 102555833B
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electric current
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CN102555833A (zh
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艾伦·罗伊·盖尔
保罗·西欧多尔·莫姆西罗维琪
迈克尔·W·迪格诺尔
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/68—Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/70—Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种对车辆电池充电的系统和方法。机动车辆可包括至少一个控制器和从离开车辆的配电回路接收电能的电池充电器。至少一个控制器可请求另一车辆的电池充电器汲取指定的电流并且，如果在发出该请求之后，该至少一个控制器探测到配电回路上的电压降，则与该另一车辆建立用于电池充电器的电池充电计划。

Description

对车辆电池充电的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对车辆电池充电的系统和方法。
背景技术
插电式混合动力电动车辆或电池电动车辆可包括车载电池充电器。该电池充电器可插入标准壁装电源插座以电连接电池充电器和配电回路。
住宅配电回路的功率和/或电流供应能力通常会有限制。如果超过这些限制，与配电回路相关联的保险丝会熔断。
发明内容
根据本发明一方面，提供一种车辆，包含：电池充电器，配置用于从离开车辆的配电回路接收电能；及至少一个控制器，配置用于确定是否能够与另一车辆建立通信并且如果能够与另一车辆建立通信则与另一车辆建立用于电池充电器的电池充电计划。
根据本发明另一方面，提供一种机动车辆包含：电池充电器，配置用于从离开车辆的配电回路接收电能；及至少一个控制器，配置用于请求另一车辆的电池充电器汲取指定的电流并且如果在发出该请求之后，该至少一个控制器探测到配电回路上的电压降，则与该另一车辆的电池建立用于电池充电器的电池充电计划。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中如果电压降与配电回路的线阻和指定的电流的乘积成比例，则建立电池充电计划。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中至少一个控制器进一步配置用于确定配电回路的线阻。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中确定配电回路的线阻包括使得从配电回路汲取电流并且在从配电回路汲取电流之前和之后确定配电回路上的电压。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中至少一个控制器进一步配置用于请求另一车辆的电池充电器在指定的时间周期汲取指定的电流并且其中如果在指定的时间周期期间发生电压降则建立电池充电计划。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中至少一个控制器进一步配置用于发起与另一车辆的通信。
根据本发明又一方面，提供一种充电车辆电池的方法：发布请求以与另一车辆建立通信；指示该另一车辆从配电回路汲取指定的电流；监视与配电回路相关联的电压；如果电压降低则与该另一车辆建立电池充电计划。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中如果电压降低与配电回路的线阻和指定的电流的乘积成比例，则建立电池充电计划。
根据本发明的一个实施例，还包含确定配电回路的线阻。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中确定配电回路的线阻包括使得从配电回路汲取电流并且在从配电回路汲取电流之前和之后确定配电回路上的电压。
根据本发明的一个实施例，还包含指示另一车辆在指定的时间周期从配电回路汲取指定的电流并且其中如果在指定的时间周期期间电压降低则建立电池充电计划。
附图说明
图1为两个替代能源车辆和配电回路的框图。
图2为说明用于确定另一车辆是否电连接于图1中的配电回路的算法的流程图。
具体实施方式
多种替代能源车辆(例如插电式混合动力电动车辆和/或电池电动车辆)可在单个车库内停车。此车库可提供用于让车辆插入的电插座。会出现多个车辆同时试图为它们各自的电池充电的情况。这会导致超出与用于车库的配电回路相关联的功率和/或电流限制。结果，试图对电池充电会有害处。
参考图1，替代能源车辆10、12经由壁装电源插座(未显示)电连接于配电回路14(例如住宅配电回路)。车辆10包括电池充电器16、电池18、电机20以及一个或多个控制器22。同样，车辆12包括电池充电器24、电池26、电机28以及一个或多个控制器30。然而，其它配置也是可能的。
电池充电器16被配置为用于电连接至配电回路14。例如，与电池充电器16电连接的电源线可插入与配电回路14相关联的壁装电源插座(未显示)。因此，能量可从配电回路14流至电池充电器16。随后电池充电器16可提供能量以对电池18充电。
如本领域所知，电机20被配置为将来自电池18的电能转换为机械能以移动车辆10。如本领域所知，电机20还可将机械能转换为电能，以由电池18存储。
一个或多个控制器22可包括已知/合适的有线(例如电源线通信)或无线(例如Wi-Fi)技术以协助与其它这种车辆和/或配电回路14的通信。在例如有线技术的情况下，电源线通信模块可设置在一个或多个控制器22内。因此，配电回路14和电池充电器16之间的任何电连接也可用作用于通信的信号运载介质。在例如无线技术的情况下，无线收发器可设置在一个或多个控制器22等内。
一个或多个控制器22(如在下面更详细解释)控制电池充电器16或与其通信，以便确定另一车辆(例如车辆12)是否与配电回路14电连接等。
电池充电器24、电池26、电机28以及一个或多个控制器30可以以类似于关于电池充电器16、电池18、电机20以及一个或多个控制器22描述的方式布置和运转。
参考图1和2，在操作32处确定车辆是否插电。例如一个或多个控制器22可以任何已知/合适的方式确定电池充电器16是否与配电回路14电连接。如果否，算法返回至操作32处。如果是，在操作34处，其确定是否能够与邻近处的另一通电车辆建立通信。例如，一个或多个控制器22可广播请求以与任何其它接收该请求的车辆建立通信连接(视情况而定通过有线或无线技术)。如果否，在操作36处对电池充电。例如一个或多个控制器22可使得电池充电器16能够接收来自配电回路14的电能并且提供电能以将电池18充电至某些所需电压。随后算法结束。
如果是，则在操作38处与另一车辆建立通信。例如一个或多个控制器22可从车辆12接收对请求的响应。结果，一个或多个控制器22利用已知/合适的通信协议可与一个或多个控制器30建立通信连接。在操作40处，可指示另一车辆从配电回路汲取指定的电流。例如一个或多个控制器22可指示一个或多个控制器30以使得在某一时间开始从配电回路14汲取5A的电流并且持续4分钟的时间段。在操作42处，其确定在至电池充电器处是否存在与配电回路的线阻和指定电流的乘积成比例的电压降。例如，一个或多个控制器22可在由车辆12汲取电流的开始时间之前和之后探测、测量(等)在电池充电器16的输入处的电压。如果存在与配电回路的线阻与5A(在这个示例中)的乘积成比例的电压变化，一个或多个控制器22可断定电池充电器24电连接至配电回路14。为了确定配电回路14的线阻，一个或多个控制器22可在使得电池充电器16能够从配电回路14汲取指定电流之前和之后探测、测量(等)电池充电器16的输入处的电压变化。电压变化除以指定电流将产生近似的配电回路14的线阻。如果否，在操作44处对电池充电。随后算法结束。
如果是，在46处可与另一车辆建立电池充电计划以使得两个车辆不会均试图在同时充电它们的电池，或使得两个车辆以处于或低于配电回路的额定值而协作地充电。例如，一个或多个控制器22可与一个或多个控制器30布置充电计划，从而车辆10、12中仅一个在任意给定的时间从配电回路14汲取电能(例如电池充电器16、24可以10分钟时间间隔等交替地从配电回路14汲取电能)。在48处，根据该计划对电池充电。随后算法结束。
在其它实施例中，在操作42处可确定在电池充电器的输入处是否存在电压降。即，例如一个或多个控制器22可简单地监视电池充电器16输入处的与另一车辆的指定电流汲取的开始时间相符的电压降。
在另外的实施例中，一个或多个控制器22可寻求同与其建立通信的任何其它车辆建立充电计划。即，一个或多个控制器22不必要执行操作40、42。相反，一个或多个控制器22可假定任何与其通信的车辆电连接至相同的配电回路。如一个示例，如果一个或多个控制器22与另一车辆建立通信连接，随后该一个或多个控制器22可与该车辆建立充电计划。
这里公开的算法可以多种形式(包括但不限于永久地存储在不可写存储介质(例如ROM装置)上的信息和可改地存储在可写存储介质(例如软盘、磁带、CD、RAM装置和其它磁性和光学介质)上的信息)输送至处理装置(例如电池充电器16或一个或多个控制器22)或由其执行，其可包括任何现有电子控制单元或专用电子控制单元。算法还可实施为软件可执行对象。可替代地，可使用合适的硬件组件整体或部分地实施算法，例如专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、状态机、控制器或其它硬件组件或装置、或硬件、软件和固件组件的组合。
尽管已经说明并描述了本发明的实施例，并不意味着这些实施例说明并描述了本发明的所有可能形式。而是，说明书中使用的词汇为说明性词汇而非限制，并且应该明白在不脱离本发明的实质和范围下可作多种改变。

Claims (14)

1.一种机动车辆，包括：
电池充电器，被配置为从离开所述车辆的配电回路接收电能；
至少一个控制器，被配置为请求另一车辆的电池充电器汲取指定的电流，并且如果在发出该请求之后所述至少一个控制器探测到与配电回路的线阻和指定的电流的乘积成比例的电压降，则与该另一车辆建立用于电池充电器的电池充电计划。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述至少一个控制器还被配置为确定配电回路的线阻。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，其中，确定配电回路的线阻包括使得从配电回路汲取电流并且在从配电回路汲取电流之前和之后确定配电回路上的电压。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述至少一个控制器还被配置为请求所述另一车辆的电池充电器在指定的时间段汲取指定的电流，并且其中，如果在指定的时间段期间发生电压降，则建立电池充电计划。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述至少一个控制器还被配置为发起与所述另一车辆的通信。
6.一种对车辆电池进行充电的方法，包括：
通过至少一个控制器发布请求以与另一车辆建立通信；
通过所述至少一个控制器指示该另一车辆从配电回路汲取指定的电流；
通过所述至少一个控制器监视与配电回路相关联的电压；
如果电压与配电回路的线阻和所述指定的电流的乘积成比例地降低，则通过所述至少一个控制器与该另一车辆建立电池充电计划。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括确定配电回路的线阻。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，确定配电回路的线阻包括从配电回路汲取电流并且在从配电回路汲取电流之前和之后确定配电回路上的电压。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括指示所述另一车辆在指定的时间段从配电回路汲取指定的电流，并且其中，如果在所述指定的时间段期间电压降低，则建立电池充电计划。
10.一种车辆，包含：
电池充电器，被配置为从离开所述车辆的配电回路接收电能；及
至少一个控制器，被配置为确定是否能够与另一车辆建立通信，如果能够与所述另一车辆建立通信，则请求所述另一车辆的电池充电器汲取指定的电流，并且如果在发出该请求之后所述至少一个控制器探测到配电回路上的电压降，则与所述另一车辆建立用于所述电池充电器的电池充电计划。
11.如权利要求10所述的车辆，其特征在于，如果所述电压降与所述配电回路的线阻和所述指定的电流的乘积成比例，则建立所述电池充电计划。
12.如权利要求11所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述至少一个控制器进一步被配置为确定所述配电回路的所述线阻。
13.如权利要求12所述的车辆，其特征在于，确定所述配电回路的所述线阻包括使得从所述配电回路汲取电流并且在从所述配电回路汲取所述电流之前和之后确定所述配电回路上的所述电压。
14.如权利要求10所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述至少一个控制器进一步被配置为请求所述另一车辆的所述电池充电器在指定的时间周期汲取所述指定的电流，其中，如果在所述指定的时间周期期间发生所述电压降，则建立所述电池充电计划。
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