CN102551195B - 一种石油醚提取款冬花浸膏及其应用 - Google Patents
一种石油醚提取款冬花浸膏及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102551195B CN102551195B CN201210038385.1A CN201210038385A CN102551195B CN 102551195 B CN102551195 B CN 102551195B CN 201210038385 A CN201210038385 A CN 201210038385A CN 102551195 B CN102551195 B CN 102551195B
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- benzinum
- tussilago
- cigarette
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石油醚提取款冬花浸膏及其制备方法和在卷烟中的应用。将款冬花与石油醚混合均匀，经萃取、固液分离、蒸馏后得到所需的浸膏产品，将款冬花浸膏用浓度为95％的乙醇稀释至1-5％，然后按烟丝重量的0.015％～0.05％的乙醇稀释至1-5％，然后按烟丝重量的0.015％～0.05％添加到烟丝中制成卷烟，以提高卷烟的品质，降低吸烟对人体的危害，特别是针对有咳嗽、气喘、多痰的烟民，起到润肺、止咳、平喘的作用，卷烟香味醇和，余味颇佳，有很好的实用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于烟用添加剂制备技术领域，具体涉及一种石油醚提取款冬花浸膏。同时还涉及一种所述的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏的制备方法及其在卷烟中的应用。
背景技术
烟草是我国的重要经济作物之一，卷烟在全球盛行了200多年，可直到20世纪，人类才开始认识到烟草对人类的危害。吸烟是心脑血管疾病、癌症和肺气肿等非传染性疾病的重要诱因，吸烟者更易感染结核病和肺炎等传染性疾病。据《2011年中国控制吸烟报告》指出，我国以3亿吸烟者成为全球最大的烟草生产国和最大的烟草消费国，我国每年有100多万人死于与烟草相关的疾病。但由于吸烟者的嗜好和尼古丁的依赖性，使众多的烟民又难以戒烟，能够在卷烟中添加一些既能解除咳喘和降低毒害的有益物质，以减少烟草对吸烟者的毒害，是烟工业选择的发展方向。
有益的中草药成分被应用到卷烟生产当中，起到了有益的显著效果，如ZL96117493.5“一种中草药保健型卷烟”能够降低烟雾中的有害物质的含量，具有补肾壮阳、化痰、止咳、平喘、增强调节人体免疫机能等作用。ZL200610054656.7是采用多种中草药的有效成分为中沸程馏分用95％乙醇稀释后加入到卷烟滤嘴中，具有明显的止咳、祛痰、平喘、消炎等缓解烟气对呼吸系统不良影响的作用。
款冬花被中医药列为治疗喘嗽的要药，其作用与效果是公认的。在卷烟中的应用其止咳喘功效是明显的，如上述两项专利中都采用款冬花药材。专利ZL200710017853.6则采用将款冬花挥发油与香精混合加入烟丝中卷制成一种中式降焦减毒香烟，可以预防或减轻香烟烟雾对呼吸道粘膜的刺激作用，同时能够降低香烟烟雾中的焦油及尼古丁含量，起到降焦减毒作用，起到润肺、化痰、止咳的作用。
款冬花为菊科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L.的干燥花蕾。其药用部位是其花蕾部分，其药材的有效性不仅仅是其含有的挥发油部分，其中很多有效成分体现款冬花的较佳功效是不可忽视的，将款冬花中的有效成分充分提取应用，才能更有效地起到镇咳、祛痰和平喘作用。款冬花的花中含有生物碱：款冬花碱(tussilagine)，克氏千里光碱(senkirkine)；倍半萜成分：款冬花酮(tussilagone)又称款冬花素〔tussilagin，14-acetoxy-7β -(3-ethylcrotonoyloxy)notonipetranone〕，甲基丁酸款冬花素脂〔14-acetoxy-7β-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methylbutyryloxy)notonipetranone〕，去乙酰基款冬花素〔7β-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-14-hydroxy-notonipetranone〕、7β-去(3-乙基巴豆油酰氧基)-7β-当归酰氧基款冬花素(14-acetoxy-7β-angeloyloxynotonipetranone)、7β-去(3-乙基巴豆油酰氧基)-7β-千里光酰氧基款冬花素(14-ace-toxy-7β-senecioyloxy-notonipetranone)、14-去乙酰基-1α-甲基丁酸款冬花素酯〔7β-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoy-loxy)-14-hydroxy-1α-(2-methylbutyryloxy)notonipetra-none〕、款冬花内酯(tussilagolactone)，14-去乙酰氧基-3，14-去氢-Z-甲基丁酸款冬花素酯〔7β-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methyl butyryloxy)-3，14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone〕；三萜成分：款冬二醇(faradiol)、山金车二醇(arnidiol)；黄酮甙成分：芸香甙(rutin)、金丝桃甙(hyperin)。还含β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)，薄公英黄质(taraxanthin)等。花另含挥发油，还含有氨基酸，主要成分是：γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid)、丙氨酸(alanine)、丝氨酸(serine)和甘氨酸(glycine)；又含无机元素：锌、铜、铁、锰、钴等。古人早有用款冬花燃烟止咳之法，早在宋代以前就已发明，据宋代药学家苏颂的《本草图经》记载：“疗久咳熏法，每日取款冬花如鸡子许，稍用蜂蜜拌润，纳茶壶中，以面固其盖，勿令漏气，壶下着炭火，待烟从壶中出，以口含吸，数日必效。”可以看出款冬花燃烟吸食治疗喘嗽具有悠久的历史渊源，既有很好的防治效果也具有吸食的安全性。
利用现代科技条件，将其款冬花的有效成分加以充分萃取，与卷烟结合，将会对提高卷烟的品质，防治咳、喘、痰的作用会发挥更好的作用，但现有技术中尚未见有关的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种石油醚提取款冬花浸膏，将其用于卷烟中，以降低吸烟对人体的危害，特别是针对有咳嗽、气喘、多痰的烟民，起到润肺、止咳、化痰的作用，减轻吸烟者的病痛，丰富卷烟品种，提高卷烟品质。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种制备所述石油醚提取款冬花浸膏的方法。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种所述石油醚提取款冬花浸膏在卷烟中的应用。
除非另有说明，本发明所采用的百分数均为重量百分数。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案予以实现的。
一种石油醚提取款冬花浸膏，由下述方法制备获得：将款冬花与石油醚混合均匀，经萃取、固液分离、蒸馏后得到所需的款冬花浸膏。
本发明提供了一种制备石油醚提取款冬花浸膏的方法，该方法包括下述顺序的步骤：
(1)将款冬花干燥花蕾粉碎为20-30目粗粉，与石油醚混合均匀，混合重量比为1∶5-10；
(2)在室温条件下萃取12h-24h；
(3)固液分离，收集澄清液体；
(4)在真空度0.01-0.05Mpa、蒸馏温度25℃-30℃条件下减压蒸馏0.5-2.0h，除去溶剂后得到所需浸膏。
所述的石油醚优选医用级石油醚。
所述的医用级石油醚沸点为30℃-60℃时，萃取时间优选12h。
所述的医用级石油醚沸点为60℃-90℃时，萃取时间优选24h。
本发明提供了一种石油醚提取款冬花浸膏在卷烟中的应用，具体为：将本发明的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏用浓度为95％的乙醇稀释至浓度为1-5％，然后按烟丝重量的0.015％-0.05％添加到烟丝中。优选按烟丝重量的0.025％，将稀释后的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏添加到烟丝中。
优选以喷洒方式将稀释后的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏添加到烟丝中。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)款冬花经石油醚萃取可以在室温条件下进行，不需加热，工艺简单，操作简便，既能保证其花蕾中的有效成分得到提取，同时对具有挥发性脂溶性油类成分物质得到保留，更能保证其有效成分作用的发挥；
(2)款冬花中含有游离氨基酸；氨基酸在烟草醇化、燃烧过程中能够很好的参与梅拉德反应产生致香物质，从而丰富烟香，减少刺激和杂气，有利于改善卷烟的口感余味；
(3)石油醚提取款冬花浸膏制备的卷烟，能够使有喘嗽而又不能戒除吸烟的病人，在吸烟中起到润肺、化痰、止咳、平喘的作用。
(4)石油醚款冬花浸膏在卷烟中的应用，不需因加入香精等调味物质而导致烟质的变化，其卷烟香味醇和，余味彼佳。
(5)石油醚能将款冬花中有效成分充分提取，且可以回收循环利用，产品生产过程不存在溶剂污染。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和应用实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，但它们并不是对本发明的限定。
实施例1
称取经粗粉碎过20目筛的款冬花粗粉1000克，装入三角烧瓶，加入浓度5000ml沸点为30℃-60℃的医用级石油醚，在20℃条件下浸泡12h，用布氏漏斗进行固液分离，收集澄清液体，得到的液体在真空度为0.025Mpa、蒸馏温度为28℃条件下蒸馏1.0h，除去溶剂得到浸膏2.85克。
实施例2
称取经粗粉碎过25目筛的款冬花粗粉1000克，装入三角烧瓶，加入7500ml沸点为60℃-90℃的医用级石油醚，在25℃条件下浸泡24h，用布氏漏斗进行固液分离，收集澄清液体，得到的液体在真空度为0.01Mpa、蒸馏温度为30℃条件下蒸馏0.5h，除去溶剂得到浸膏2.80克。
实施例3
称取经粗碎过30目筛的款冬花粗粉1000克，装入三角烧瓶，加入10000ml沸点为30℃-60℃的医用级石油醚，在15℃条件下浸泡12h，用布氏漏斗进行固液分离，收集澄清液体，得到的液体在真空度为0.05Mpa、蒸馏温度为25℃条件下蒸馏2.0h，除去溶剂得到浸膏2.90克。
应用实施例1
将实施例1所得石油醚提取款冬花浸膏用浓度为95％的乙醇溶解稀释为1％浓度后备用。分别按烟丝重量的0.015％、0.025％和0.05％喷洒到烟丝中，按常规工艺制成香烟，采用评吸法进行评吸，认为添加0.025％石油醚提取款冬花浸膏在烟丝中口感适中，与对照卷烟比较，具有明显的化痰、止咳、平喘作用。评吸结果见下表：
应用实施例2
将实施例2所得石油醚提取款冬花浸膏用浓度为95％的乙醇溶解稀释为2.5％浓度后备用。分别按烟丝重量的0.015％、0.025％和0.05％喷洒到烟丝中，按常规 工艺制成烟，采用评吸法进行评吸，认为添加0.025％石油醚提取款冬花浸膏在烟丝中口感适中，与对照卷烟比较，具有明显的化痰、止咳、平喘的作用。评吸结果见下表：
应用实施例3
将实施例3所得石油醚提取款冬花浸膏用浓度为95％的乙醇溶解稀释为5％浓度后备用。分别按烟丝重量的0.015％、0.025％和0.05％喷洒到烟丝中，按常规工艺制成烟，采用评吸法进行评吸，认为添加0.025％石油醚提取款冬花浸膏在烟丝中口感适中，与对照卷烟比较，具有明显的化痰、止咳、平喘的作用。评吸结果见下表：
Claims (8)
1.一种石油醚提取款冬花浸膏，其特征在于：(1)将款冬花干燥花蕾粉碎为20～30目粗粉，与石油醚混合均匀，混合重量比为1：5～10；(2)在室温条件下萃取12h～24h；(3)固液分离，收集澄清液体；(4)在真空度0.01～0.05MPa、蒸馏温度25℃～30℃条件下减压蒸馏0.5～2.0h，除去溶剂后得到所需浸膏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏，其特征在于：所述的石油醚为医用级石油醚。
3.根据权利要求2所述的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏，其特征在于：所述的医用级石油醚沸点为30℃～60℃时，萃取时间为12h。
4.根据权利要求2所述的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏，其特征在于：所述的医用级石油醚沸点为60℃～90℃时，萃取时间为24h。
5.权利要求1所述的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏在卷烟中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏在卷烟中的应用，其特征在于：所述的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏用浓度为95％的乙醇稀释至浓度为1-5％，然后按烟丝重量的0.015％～0.05％添加到烟丝中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于：按烟丝重量的0.025％，将稀释后的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏添加到烟丝中。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于：以喷洒方式将稀释后的石油醚提取款冬花浸膏添加到烟丝中。
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| CN101317690A (zh) * | 2008-07-03 | 2008-12-10 | 广西中烟工业公司 | 一种桂花香型烟用添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN101342010A (zh) * | 2008-07-29 | 2009-01-14 | 红云烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种石油醚提取白茶浸膏及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN102754911A (zh) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-31 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种天然植物烟用减害添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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