CN102550377A - Method for preventing and controlling mosaic viruses in tobacco float seedlings - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling mosaic viruses in tobacco float seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN102550377A CN102550377A CN2011103712023A CN201110371202A CN102550377A CN 102550377 A CN102550377 A CN 102550377A CN 2011103712023 A CN2011103712023 A CN 2011103712023A CN 201110371202 A CN201110371202 A CN 201110371202A CN 102550377 A CN102550377 A CN 102550377A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling mosaic viruses in tobacco float seedlings, comprising a matrix treatment process and a seedling management process. The method comprises the steps of adding (by weight) 1.5-3.5% organic antiviral agent before loading a seedling culturing matrix in a tray, and mixing sufficiently; spraying (by volume) 0.5-5% organic antiviral agent once before 24-48 hours of first leaf cutting for tobacco seedlings; spraying (by volume) 0.5-5% organic antiviral agent once within 4-48 hours of every subsequent seedling cutting or leaf pinching; after the last leaf cutting, spraying the organic antiviral agent once every 6-7 days utill the end of the seedling culturing period; and the spraying amount of the organic antiviral agent is 60-120kg for every hundred square meters of the seedling culturing tray. The method of the invention combines the spreading characteristic of tobacco mosaic virus, performs antiviral treatment from the period of seedling culturing matrix treatment to the different stages of seedling management, utilizes the organic antiviral agent to induce the disease resistance of tobacco seedling system, blocks the contact transmission of viruses caused by seedling cutting or farming operations during the seedling management, so that even the tobacco seedlings carry viruses, the symptoms are not shown, and the seedlings can still grow normally, therefore, tobacco float seedlings have an effect of preventing TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus).
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the tobacco floating seed rearing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method of preventing and treating the tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease.
Background technology
(Tobacco mosaic virus TMV), is the pathogene of tobacco mosaic to tobacco mosaic viruses, and the serious harm tobacco produces, and yield of tobacco is reduced, and also has a strong impact on the interior quality of tobacco leaf.TMV can survive the winter on various plants and weeds, and these are the main malicious sources of just infecting, in soil or to be mingled in the band poison invalid body in the seed, the band poison fertilizer that does not fully become thoroughly decomposed etc. also be the main primary source of infection of TMV.TMV mainly infects through mechanical friction with band venom liquid, and the microtrauma mouth that slight friction causes between band viral disease leaf and the healthy tobacco leaf just is enough to let TMV invade healthy tobacco leaf.Hand, clothes, instrument etc. can pass poison with contacting all of cigarette strain when contact between the tobacco plant and farming were operated in process of production.In the field, migrating of biting mouthparts insects such as locust, oriental tobacco budworm also can be caused generally infection and the propagation of TMV.Caused tobacco in seedling stage can be with poison like this, in case strain is transplanted into the land for growing field crops in spite of illness, what will become the land for growing field crops infects malicious source again, causes disease to break out.
TMV mainly occurs in seedbed phase to land for growing field crops squaring period, and the research report is arranged, and the cigarette strain is infected TMV in seedling phase or land for growing field crops initial stage, and loss can reach 30 ~ 50%.Temperature and illumination influence state of an illness diffusion and epidemic rate to a great extent, and high temperature and high light can shorten the incubation period.For alleviating or avoid the harm of TMV, stop primary source of infection, cultivate and just to become key nontoxic strong sprout.Yet under present production technology and working condition, it is by no means easy to stop these primary source of infection and influence factor fully.Therefore, the disease resistance of raising seedbed phase cigarette seedling becomes the important measures of cultivating nontoxic strong sprout.
Floating seedlings is a kind of advanced seedling-cultivating method during current tobacco produces, and its advantage is to help " scale, intensification, specialization " to produce the cigarette seedling, for the pool production management that realizes tobacco seedling " commercialization " provides advantage.But in the process of floating seedlings; For cultivating healthy and strong cigarette seedling; Need before transplanting, carry out 3 ~ 5 times mechanical shear seedling or carry out pinching for 1 time leaf dew stalk, the leaf-cutting of cigarette seedling machinery is revealed bar with pinch leaf and has been caused the generality of cigarette seedling to damage, and is very easy to take place the propagation of TMV during this period; Add people and leaves cutting tools sterilization imperfection in the leaf-cutting process, these provide the chance of contact transmission for TMV.In case occur the TMV diseased plant in the cigarette seedling, with causing the infecting on a large scale of TMV, propagation and popular causing harm.In view of the tobacco seedling phase be that TMV infects, propagation and popular dangerous period of causing harm, can take precautions against and control TMV infecting and one one that has propagated into tobacco mosaic virus disease prevention and control most critical in seedling stage.For this reason, develop a kind of method of preventing and treating the tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease, very necessary for the tobacco safety in production.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease of effective raising tobacco resisting tobacco mosaic virus ability.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this, comprise matrix treatments and seedling management operation, specifically comprise:
A, matrix treatments are seedling medium to be added organic antivirotic of (weight ratio) 1.5 ~ 3.5% before sabot, and abundant mixing;
B, seedling management are to carry out antiviral processing at following sport technique segment:
1. the organic antivirotic 1 time that ought grow seedlings and spray (volume ratio) 0.5 ~ 5% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours;
2. follow-uply cut seedling at every turn or pinch the organic antivirotic 1 time that sprays (volume ratio) 0.5 ~ 5% in 4 ~ 48 hours of leaf;
3. after last 1 leaf-cutting, sprayed organic antivirotic 1 time, and finished in per 6 ~ 7 days until nursery stage; 1., 2. and the organic antivirotic amount of spraying 3. be per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 60 ~ 120Kg.
Prior art shows that the organic inductive antiviral agents can make plant obtain systemic disease resistance, is a kind of biological nature that plant opposing pathogen infects.That is to say, plant by some biological or abiotic stimulus (inducer) induce and produce system new, wide spectrum resistance, thereby pathogen is infected and infecting of other germs all has very strong resistance, this resistance level can expand to whole plant.Polypeptide treasured, AHO, molecular weight belong to the organic inductive antiviral agents at chitosan, saikoside A or the ginkolide B of 500-1500; The precious main component of described polypeptide is a Penicillium notatum inactivated bacteria filament; Can produce system's resistance against diseases by inducing plant; Must fully contact with cigarette strain root, inhale the sexual element competence exertion effect of being indecisive and changeable, will admix in the matrix when therefore using through root; Described AHO is that 3-hydroxyl-3 acetonyls-indolone (3-acetonyl-3-hydroxyoxindole) can stimulate or inducing plant obtains the systemic disease resistance biotic factor; It is active that AHO has stronger anti-TMV; Find through further investigation; This compound is not to directly act on virus but the defense response of inducing plant, and this inducing depends on the SA signal pathway; Molecular weight is at the chitosan of 500-1500, and main component is (1,4)-2-amino-2-deoxidation-callose, can produce system's resistance against diseases by inducing plant.Saikoside A extracts from the root of the Bupleurum Bupleurum DC. of the capable section of umbrella plant, and ginkolide B extracts from ginkgo.
The present invention combines the propagation characteristic of tobacco mosaic virus; Handle each different phase of seedling management from seedling medium and carry out antiviral processing; Utilize the organic inductive antivirotic that the infection of virus in the floating seedlings process is blocked opportunity, even or reach cigarette seedling band poison but do not show illness, still can normal growth; Thereby guaranteed the safety of tobacco floating seed rearing, reached the technique effect of prevention.
Embodiment
Be further described in the face of the present invention down, but never in any form the present invention limited, any change or improvement based on training centre of the present invention is done all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention includes matrix treatments and seedling management operation, specifically comprise:
A, matrix treatments are seedling medium to be added organic antivirotic of (weight ratio) 1.5 ~ 3.5% before sabot, and abundant mixing;
B, seedling management are to carry out antiviral processing at following sport technique segment:
1. the organic antivirotic 1 time that ought grow seedlings and spray (volume ratio) 0.5 ~ 5% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours;
2. follow-uply cut seedling at every turn or pinch the organic antivirotic 1 time that sprays (volume ratio) 0.5 ~ 5% in 4 ~ 48 hours of leaf;
3. after last 1 leaf-cutting, sprayed organic antivirotic 1 time, and finished in per 6 ~ 7 days until nursery stage; 1., 2. and the organic antivirotic amount of spraying 3. be per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 60 ~ 120Kg.
As preferred implementation:
B step follow-up described in 2. cut seedling at every turn or pinched leaf and spray organic antivirotic in 24 ~ 36 hours.
Described organic antivirotic is the organic inductive antivirotic.
The described organic antivirotic of A step is polypeptide treasured or AHO.
The B step 1. and 2. described organic antivirotic be AHO or chitosan.
The 3. described organic antivirotic of step is AHO, chitosan, saikoside A or ginkolide B.
The molecular weight of described chitosan is 500 ~ 1500.
1., 2. and the spraying of the organic antivirotic 3. the B step when fine day, should avoid the stronger time period of intensity of illumination to spray, but cloudy day or rainy day whole day sprays.
The time period that described intensity of illumination is stronger is 11:00 ~ afternoon 4:00 in the morning.
Described organic antivirotic is aqua, emulsion, wetting powder, water dispersible granules.
Embodiment 1
The polypeptide that seedling medium is added (weight ratio) 1.5% before sabot is precious, and fully mixing then with medium in tray, is grown seedlings by technical specification; After getting into the seedling management stage, spray the AHO of 1 (volume ratio) 5% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours when growing seedlings, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 60Kg; Follow-uply cut seedling at every turn or pinch the AHO that sprays 1 (volume ratio) 5% in 4 ~ 36 hours of leaf, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 60Kg; After last 1 leaf-cutting, the molecular weight that sprays (volume ratio) 5% for per 7 days 1 time is 500 ~ 1500 chitosan,, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 60Kg; Finish until nursery stage.
Embodiment 2
Seedling medium is added the AHO of (weight ratio) 3.5% before sabot, fully mixing then with medium in tray, is grown seedlings by technical specification; After getting into the seedling management stage, spray the AHO of 1 (volume ratio) 0.5% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours when growing seedlings, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 120Kg; Follow-uply cut seedling at every turn or pinch the AHO that sprays 1 (volume ratio) 0.5% in 24 ~ 36 hours of leaf, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 120Kg; After last 1 leaf-cutting, per molecular weight that sprayed 1 (volume ratio) 0.5% in 6 days is 500 ~ 1500 chitosan, and the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 120Kg, finishes until nursery stage.
Embodiment 3
The polypeptide that seedling medium is added (weight ratio) 2% before sabot is precious, and fully mixing then with medium in tray, is grown seedlings by technical specification; After getting into the seedling management stage, spray the AHO of 1 (volume ratio) 3% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours when growing seedlings, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 80Kg; Follow-uply cut seedling at every turn or pinch the AHO that sprays 1 (volume ratio) 3% in 4 ~ 48 hours of leaf, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 80Kg; After last 1 leaf-cutting, per saikoside A that sprayed 1 (volume ratio) 3% in 6 days, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 80Kg, finishes until nursery stage.
Embodiment 4
The polypeptide that seedling medium is added (weight ratio) 2.5% before sabot is precious, and fully mixing then with medium in tray, is grown seedlings by technical specification; After getting into the seedling management stage, the molecular weight that sprays 1 (volume ratio) 4% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours when growing seedlings is 500 ~ 1500 chitosan, and the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 70Kg; Follow-up to cut seedling at every turn or pinch the molecular weight that sprays 1 (volume ratio) 4% in 4 ~ 48 hours of leaf be 500 ~ 1500 chitosan, and the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 70Kg; After last 1 leaf-cutting, per ginkolide B that sprayed 1 (volume ratio) 4% in 7 days, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 70Kg, finishes until nursery stage.
Embodiment 5
Seedling medium is added the AHO of (weight ratio) 3% before sabot, fully mixing then with medium in tray, is grown seedlings by technical specification; After getting into the seedling management stage, spray the AHO of 1 (volume ratio) 1% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours when growing seedlings, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 90Kg; Follow-uply cut seedling at every turn or pinch the AHO that sprays 1 (volume ratio) 1% in 24 ~ 48 hours of leaf, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 90Kg; After last 1 leaf-cutting, per AHO that sprayed 1 (volume ratio) 1% in 6 days, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 90Kg, finishes until nursery stage.
Embodiment 6
Seedling medium is added the AHO of (weight ratio) 2.5% before sabot, fully mixing then with medium in tray, is grown seedlings by technical specification; After getting into the seedling management stage, spray the AHO of 1 (volume ratio) 1.5% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours when growing seedlings, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 100Kg; Follow-uply cut seedling at every turn or pinch the AHO that sprays 1 (volume ratio) 1.5% in 4 ~ 48 hours of leaf, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 100Kg; After last 1 leaf-cutting, per saikoside A that sprayed 1 (volume ratio) 1.5% in 7 days, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 100Kg, finishes until nursery stage.
Embodiment 7
The polypeptide that seedling medium is added (weight ratio) 3% before sabot is precious, and fully mixing then with medium in tray, is grown seedlings by technical specification; After getting into the seedling management stage, the molecular weight that sprays 1 (volume ratio) 2.5% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours when growing seedlings is 500 ~ 1500 chitosan, and the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 100Kg; Follow-up to cut seedling at every turn or pinch the molecular weight that sprays 1 (volume ratio) 2.5% in 4 ~ 48 hours of leaf be 500 ~ 1500 chitosan, and the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 100Kg; After last 1 leaf-cutting, per AHO that sprayed 1 (volume ratio) 2.5% in 7 days, the amount of spraying is per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 100Kg, finishes until nursery stage.
Below for being directed against the field trial that the foregoing description carries out:
Comparative trial 1
Test period: in March, 2010 is to July
Test place: Yunnan Tobacco Company Kunming Branch experiment station
Test kind: the big gold dollar of safflower
Process of the test:
Select for use one kind to plant the floating seedlings dish of educating the tobacco mosaic seedling season and grow seedlings, 8 groups of growing seedlings are set, the group 1 ~ 7 of growing seedlings is processed group, the setting of pressing embodiment 1 ~ 7 respectively; The group of growing seedlings 8 is grown seedlings for usual manner, and the while sprays clear water before cutting seedling at every turn.Establish 3 repetitions for every group, each repeats 3 seedling-cultivating trays, i.e. every group of 9 seedling-cultivating trays.
Sowing at the beginning of 3 months, mid-April is leaf-cutting first, cuts seedling 1 time in per afterwards 7 days, and totally 3 times, transplanting finishes in the time of 70 days.Group 1 ~ 7 press embodiment 1 ~ 7 and is handled, and group 8 is grown seedlings by the program of growing seedlings normally, is to spray clear water in the previous day of three leaf-cutting phases.Other cultivation management measure strictnesses are operated by local high-quality cigarette production specifications.
Before transplanting, 40 appearance of sampling observation from every dish cigarette seedling, each kind formed for the big or small blade of 42 * 3cm that pick up from 4 strain cigarette seedlings respectively.Detect the tobacco mosaic virus band poison rate in the tobacco with TAS-ELISA, the result shows in 95% the sample and detects tobacco mosaic virus.Institute an inquiry the incidence of TMV in the 2nd leaf-cutting of nursery stage, investigate altogether 3 times; Investigation in per 7 days is 1 time between field period.Investigation record standard is according to carrying out state of an illness classification by " insect pest classification of GB-T 23222-2008 tobacco disease and investigation method ", calculating the incidence of disease and disease index.
The result finds that the disease index after control group disease index and the inventive method are handled has had notable difference, sees table 1.
Table 1. is respectively handled the disease index of cigarette seedling TMV in seedling stage
Comparative trial 2
Test period: in July, 2010 is to November
Test place: Yunnan Tobacco Company Kunming Branch experiment station
Test kind: the big gold dollar of safflower
Process of the test:
Select for use one kind to plant the floating seedlings dish of educating the tobacco mosaic seedling season and grow seedlings, 8 groups of growing seedlings are set, the group 1 ~ 7 of growing seedlings is processed group, the setting of pressing embodiment 1 ~ 7 respectively; The group of growing seedlings 8 is grown seedlings for usual manner, and the while sprays clear water before cutting seedling at every turn.Establish 3 repetitions for every group, each repeats 3 seedling-cultivating trays, i.e. every group of 9 seedling-cultivating trays.
The sowing in July, mid or late August thinning final singling, leaf-cutting by the end of August the 1st time was cut seedling 1 time in per afterwards 7 days, totally 3 times.Each handles equal leaf-cutting 3 times, and late September is transplanted (seedling age 62 days), and the same day, transplanting finished.Group 1 ~ 7 press embodiment 1 ~ 7 and is handled, and group 8 is grown seedlings by the program of growing seedlings normally, is to spray clear water in the previous day of three leaf-cutting phases.Other cultivation management measure strictnesses are operated by local high-quality cigarette production specifications.During transplanting, reject the cigarette strain that the TMV classical symptom is arranged, plant and carried out intertill and clean tillage in back 33 days, plant cigarette strain in back 40 days and get into prosperous long-term.
The same day cigarette seedling of all processing is sampled in transplanting, each is handled and extracts 22 appearance.Detect with TAS-ELISA, as a result in the show sample the tobacco mosaic virus of having educated the infection in various degree of cigarette seedling, the disease index after control group disease index and the inventive method are handled has also had notable difference.
Transplanting is planted the back respectively at after 12 days and 19 days, the investigation radix of falling ill.Investigation record standard is according to carrying out state of an illness classification by " insect pest classification of GB-T 23222-2008 tobacco disease and investigation method ", calculating the incidence of disease and disease index.Control efficiency is calculated according to following formula:
The disease index of each processed group cigarette in seedling stage seedling TMV of table 2. and one-tenth cigarette seedling in seedling stage carry the testing result of TMV virus
Control efficiency (unit: %) after the transplanting of each processed group of table 3. and control group
Can know from table 2 and table 3, adopt organic antivirotic to handle matrix, though cigarette height of seedling band poison rate but do not show illness, still can normal growth after the transplanting to prosperous long-term, it is more excellent that nursery stage carries out the integrated control effect of organic antivirotic foliar treatment.Prove absolutely that the method for integrated control of taking matrix treatments and seedling management of the present invention is a science, effectively.
Claims (10)
1. a method of preventing and treating the tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease comprises matrix treatments and seedling management operation, it is characterized in that: specifically comprise:
A, matrix treatments are seedling medium to be added organic antivirotic of (weight ratio) 1.5 ~ 3.5% before sabot, and abundant mixing;
B, seedling management are to carry out antiviral processing at following sport technique segment:
1. the organic antivirotic 1 time that ought grow seedlings and spray (volume ratio) 0.5 ~ 5% to the first time tobacco seedling leaf shearing in 24 ~ 48 hours;
2. follow-uply cut seedling at every turn or pinch the organic antivirotic 1 time that sprays (volume ratio) 0.5 ~ 5% in 4 ~ 48 hours of leaf;
3. after last 1 leaf-cutting, sprayed organic antivirotic 1 time, and finished in per 6 ~ 7 days until nursery stage; 1., 2. and the organic antivirotic amount of spraying 3. be per hundred square metres of seedling-cultivating tray 60 ~ 120Kg.
2. the method for control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease according to claim 1 is characterized in that: B step follow-up described in 2. cut seedling at every turn or pinched leaf and spray organic antivirotic in 24 ~ 36 hours.
3. the method for control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described organic antivirotic is the organic inductive antivirotic.
4. the method for control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described organic antivirotic of A step is polypeptide treasured or AHO.
5. the method for control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the B step 1. and 2. described organic antivirotic be AHO or chitosan.
6. the method for control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the 3. described organic antivirotic of B step is AHO, chitosan, saikoside A or ginkolide B.
7. according to the method for claim 5 or 6 described control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease, it is characterized in that: the molecular weight of described chitosan is 500 ~ 1500.
8. the method for control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the B step 1., 2. and the spraying of the organic antivirotic 3.; When fine day, should avoid the stronger time period of intensity of illumination sprays, but cloudy day or rainy day whole day spray.
9. the method for control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the time period that described intensity of illumination is stronger is 11:00 ~ afternoon 4:00 in the morning.
10. the method for control tobacco floating seed rearing mosaic disease according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described organic antivirotic is aqua, emulsion, wetting powder, water dispersible granules.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20120711 |