CN102549927A - 具有电容式按键识别功能的按键开关 - Google Patents

具有电容式按键识别功能的按键开关 Download PDF

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CN102549927A
CN102549927A CN2010800378689A CN201080037868A CN102549927A CN 102549927 A CN102549927 A CN 102549927A CN 2010800378689 A CN2010800378689 A CN 2010800378689A CN 201080037868 A CN201080037868 A CN 201080037868A CN 102549927 A CN102549927 A CN 102549927A
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button
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CN102549927B (zh
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W·里塞
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BCS Automotive Interface Solutions GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96—Touch switches
    • H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
    • H01H13/705—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches characterised by construction, mounting or arrangement of operating parts, e.g. push-buttons or keys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/78—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
    • H01H2003/0293—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch with an integrated touch switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2203/00—Form of contacts
    • H01H2203/036—Form of contacts to solve particular problems
    • H01H2203/038—Form of contacts to solve particular problems to be bridged by a dome shaped contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2239/00—Miscellaneous
    • H01H2239/006—Containing a capacitive switch or usable as such
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96—Touch switches
    • H03K2017/9602—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes
    • H03K2017/9604—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes characterised by the number of electrodes
    • H03K2017/9613—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes characterised by the number of electrodes using two electrodes per touch switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/96—Touch switches
    • H03K2217/96054—Double function: touch detection combined with detection of a movable element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/96—Touch switches
    • H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
    • H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches

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  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

一种按键开关具有用于识别按键操作的按压开关功能和用于识别按键接触的电容式传感功能，所述开关按键具有至少部分导电的按键(12)和包括至少一个电气触点(18)的印刷电路板(16)，所述电气触点通过按压按键(12)经由位于所述按键(12)和印刷电路板(16)之间的开关垫(22)激活，并且所述印刷电路板还具有面向按键(12)一定距离的至少一个电容式传感面(20)，其中在按键(12)和传感面(20)之间形成电容耦合。

Description

具有电容式按键识别功能的按键开关
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按键开关，其中能采集对按键的操作和接触。
背景技术
此类按键开关运用于诸如电话键盘或者具有多个按键的操作面板中。
已知一种具有弹性开关垫的按键开关，当操作按键时，弹性开关垫作用于位于其下的印刷电路板上的触点上并以机械方式闭合开关电路。而按键的接触识别则可以电容的方式完成，例如在键帽的内部设置传感面，将其通过摩擦接触或者导线和分析电子件相连。缺点是传感面必须跟随按键运动并且电气连接的过程控制复杂，容易产生错误。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，简化先前描述的按键开关并实现其低成本生产。
为此，具有用于识别按键操作的按压开关功能和用于识别按键接触的电容式传感功能的按键开关具有至少部分导电的按键和具有至少一个电气触点的印刷电路板，通过按压按键，该电气触点经由位于按键和印刷电路板之间的开关垫激活。此外，印刷电路板还具有面向按键一定距离的至少一个电容式传感面，其中在按键和电容式传感面之间形成电容式耦合。根据本发明传感面直接设置于印刷电路板之上，从而实现了非按键接触式的信号分析。由于按键本身至少部分导电，所以仅通过电容式传感面和按键的接触面就可以在两者之间形成电容式耦合。由此通过电容式传感面采集由按键接触引起的电容变化。
在这种情况下，整个电气接触以及和分析电子件的连接全部可以通过印刷电路板完成。无须借助于摩擦接触或者电线来连接按键和印刷电路板。
在本情况下，键体本身优选由塑料构成。为了让按键导电，优选为按键设置导电涂层。例如将按键镀铬或者例如以电镀方式镀上其它金属。当然至少部分使用由诸如嵌有碳粒的导电的塑料制作键体也是可行的。
当使用者接触按键时，为了达到足够的电容效应，优选至少在按键的一个接触面上设置涂层。当然，通过整个镀上导电涂层或者使用导电塑料制作整个按键来实现按键完全导电，也是有益的。
导电涂层优选至少延伸至按键下部与开关垫接触的区域。
为了加强电容式耦合，将开关垫的上表面和/或下表面构造为导电是有益的。这例如可以通过导电的油漆涂层实现。尤其地，结合整个按键导电涂层，按键接触面和电容式传感面之间的导电连接就仅仅由开关垫材料的厚度和其与传感面之间的距离中断。所以开关垫上表面到其下表面之间优选不存在导电连接，仅为电容式耦合。可见，通过以上方法电容式传感面和按键接触面之间就可以形成很好的电容式耦合。
开关垫可以构造成封闭式，这样其表面不具有开口。由此开关垫对其下方的元件针对环境影响起到保护作用，例如潮湿、机械损伤或者静电放电。
在优选的实施例中，在印刷电路板和开关垫之间并在电气触点之上设置咬合垫片，在执行按压开关功能时，该咬合垫片闭合开关电路，这和带有开关垫的按键开关的常见结构是一致的。
除了咬合垫片之外也可以考虑设置回纹/接触珠组合
Figure BDA0000138393050000021
来实现按压开关功能。
触点装置可以例如在印刷电路板之上如此设计，使得按压开关功能的电气触点由电容式传感面包围。两个触点之间电气隔离，目的是将触发信号明确区分。也可以使咬合垫片和传感面具有相同电势并且设置分析电子件，其可以区分按键触摸或按键操作时形成的电势差，并确定操作的类型。
附图说明
结合附图，从下列对实施例的描述中可以得到本发明的更多特征和优点。其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的按键开关的剖面示意图，
图2以俯视图方式示意性地示出了图1中按键开关的触点装置。
具体实施方式
图1示出了按键开关10，其例如可以是包括多个相同或者不同按键开关的键盘的组成部分。此按键开关10也可用在包括一个或多个按键的操作面板中，例如电话或者汽车仪表板的操作面板中。其他应用自然也是可以想象的。
按键开关10具有在本例中构造为由单个塑料键帽构成的按键12。按键12的上表面有接触面14，在接触面上使用者通过手指操作按键12，或者是仅接触按键12，或者沿z轴方向向下按压以操作按键。
如图2所示，沿z轴方向在按键12的下方有印刷电路板16，其具有位于按键12下方正中心的电气触点18，而沿z轴方向在按键12的对面是电容式传感面20，其将电气触点18同心地包围。
在印刷电路板16和按键12之间设置作为封闭面在印刷电路板16上延伸的开关垫22，其中优选在键盘或者操作面板中为全部按键12设置单块平面连续的开关垫22。开关垫22在按键12的区域具有开关穹顶24(Schaltdom)，其与按键12的底部形状几何地相符，使得按键12牢固地扣在开关穹顶24上。具体的形状可视任意常见开关垫而定。
在开关垫22(更确切地说在开关穹顶24)和印刷电路板16或电气触点18之间设置咬合垫片26，其拱顶远离电气接触点18。构造和设置该咬合垫片26，使其中心位于电气触点18的上方，而其边缘区域28则位于电容式传感面20之上。其中心和电气触点18之间是隔开的。
按键12被构造为导电的。在所示例子中它完全镀上了金属涂层30-例如铬层。
在按键12的区域内，开关垫22的上表面和下表面都设置有导电涂层31。由此从按键12的接触面14到开关垫22上表面的导电涂层31是完全电气导通的(图中为了便于展示，按键12和开关垫22之间留有一定距离)。如图1所示，开关垫22下表面区域内的导电涂层也位于印刷电路板16上电容式传感面20上方。由此接触面14和电容式传感面20之间形成了电容式耦合，通过电容式传感面20的电容或电势的变化就可以识别按键12的接触了。该识别由图中未显示的分析电子件完成。该分析电子件可以设计使得其通过按压开关功能同时识别且分析沿z轴方向按压的传统按键操作。
要执行按压开关功能使用者按压按键12，例如沿z轴方向在接触面14上向下按压，开关穹顶24就会压至咬合垫片26的中心上并使其沿z轴方向弯曲，这样咬合垫片26的中间部位碰到电气触点18。与此同时边缘区域28压至电容式传感面20上，由此在电容式传感面20和电气触点18之间就可以有电流了。这一开关电路的闭合通过分析电子件探测并解释为按键操作。如图2所示，电气触点18穿过印刷电路板与位于印刷电路板16下表面上的印制导线32接触。而电容式传感面20则经由印刷电路板16上表面的印制导线34相连。
电气触点18和电容式传感面20都可以以铜面形成在印刷电路板16上，当然也可以考虑在此处镀金，以防止腐蚀。
按键12也可仅构造成部分导电，其中接触面14的区域优先设置为导电。按键12的下表面如果也能导电当然更好。为达到导电效果可以通过镀上导电涂层-比如铬层或者其它金属涂层，也可以通过全部或者部分使用导电塑料制作按键。

Claims (9)

1.一种按键开关，具有用于识别按键操作的按压开关功能和用于识别按键接触的电容式传感功能，
所述开关按键具有至少部分导电的按键(12)和包括至少一个电气触点(18)的印刷电路板(16)，所述电气触点通过按压按键(12)经由设置于所述按键(12)和印刷电路板(16)之间的开关垫(22)激活，
所述印刷电路板还具有面向按键(12)的与按键(12)相距一定距离的至少一个电容式传感面(20)，其中在所述按键(12)和传感面(20)之间形成电容耦合。
2.如权利要求1所述的按键开关，其特征在于，所述按键(12)设置有导电涂层(30)。
3.如权利要求2所述的按键开关，其特征在于，所述涂层(30)设置在所述按键(12)的接触面(14)处。
4.如权利要求2或者3所述的按键开关，其特征在于，所述导电涂层(30)延伸至所述按键(12)下表面和所述开关垫(22)相接触的区域。
5.如前述任一权利要求所述的按键开关，其特征在于，所述开关垫(22)的上表面和/或下表面被构造为导电的。
6.如权利要求5所述的按键开关，其特征在于，所述开关垫(22)的上表面和所述开关垫(22)的下表面之间没有导电连接。
7.如前述任一权利要求所述的按键开关，其特征在于，所述开关垫(22)被构造为封闭式的。
8.如前述任一权利要求所述的按键开关，其特征在于，在所述电气触点(18)之上、在所述印刷电路板(16)和开关垫(22)之间设置咬合垫片(26)，所述咬合垫片在执行按压开关功能时闭合开关电路。
9.如前述任一权利要求所述的按键开关，其特征在于，所述电气触点(18)由电容式传感面(20)包围。 
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US9614521B2 (en) 2017-04-04
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KR20120065323A (ko) 2012-06-20

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