CN102537162B - Spring with stiffness coefficient controlled by magnitude field and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Spring with stiffness coefficient controlled by magnitude field and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102537162B CN102537162B CN201210003556.7A CN201210003556A CN102537162B CN 102537162 B CN102537162 B CN 102537162B CN 201210003556 A CN201210003556 A CN 201210003556A CN 102537162 B CN102537162 B CN 102537162B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spring with a stiffness coefficient controlled by a magnitude field and a preparation method thereof. The raw material component of the spring with the stiffness coefficient controlled by the magnitude field is Fe100-x-y-zGaxMyNz, wherein M is one or more of Nb, B, Be, Al, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb, Co and Se; N is C, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Ti, Si, Zr or Mo and the like; x=10-30; y=0.1-6; z=0-3; and the balance is Fe. According to the invention, a Fe-Ga-based wire which is 0.1-2 millimeters in diameter is prepared with forging and drawing methods, and a tensile spring, a compression spring and a conical spring are prepared, wherein the diameter ratio is 4-12. Heat of the spring is preserved at the temperature of 150-500 DEG C for 10-180 minutes. The stiffness coefficients of the spring measured in the absence of a magnetic field and in a magnetic field of 1,35Oe are 115.2 N/m and 110.5 N/m respectively. The variation of the stiffness coefficient of the spring is 4 percent. When the spring prepared from the materials with the method is placed into a magnetic field environment, the elastic coefficient and mechanical behavior of the spring are varied in a certain degree under the influence of the magnetic field; and the spring can be applied in the fields of precision control, sensors, damping and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fabricated metals field of new, particularly variable Fe-Ga base spring of a kind of [coefficient of and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
When ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism material are in the time that magnetized state changes, there is small variation in the length of himself and volume, and this phenomenon becomes Magnetostrictive effect.Wherein, the variation of volume is called volume magnetostriction; The variation of length is called line magnetostriction.In the time that this material is subject to External Force Acting, its magnetized state also changes, and this is referred to as counter magnetostriction effect.Magnetostrictive effect and counter magnetostriction effect are the results of the mutual coupling of magnetic picture in ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetic material.Magnetostriction materials can be realized the mutual conversion of electromagnetic energy and mechanical energy, are important energy and information conversion function materials, have been widely used at present the fields such as underwater acoustic transducer technology, electroacoustic transducer technology, marine exploration and development technique.
The people such as the S. Guruswamy of the U.S. in 2000 have reported a kind of binary alloy being made up of Fe and Ga (S. Guruswamy, et atl. Strong, dutile, and low-field-magnetostrictive alloys based on Fe-Ga. Scripta Mater. 2000,43:p239-244), i.e. Fe-Ga alloy.Fe-Ga alloy has higher magnetostriction value, monocrystalline can reach 400ppm, the orientation polycrystalline Magnetostriction that adopts directional solidification to prepare can reach 318ppm, simultaneously Fe-Ga alloy also have that intensity is high, magnetic hysteresis is little, cost is lower, high relative permeability, low magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and the advantage such as low magnetostriction temperature coefficient, be a kind of novel magnetostriction materials.This material all has a good application prospect in fields such as transducing, driving, sensings.
Through research in recent years, Fe-Ga alloy is being made significant headway aspect relevant preparation technology and Magnetostriction influence factor.Chinese patent application CN101003117A in 2007 disclose a kind of preparation method of Fe-Ga magnetic striction wire, relate to a kind of by the preparation process of hot-swage and cold-drawn.Within 2008, Chinese patent application CN101262039A discloses a kind of Fe-Ga base magnetic striction wire, and its material composition is Fe
1-x-yga
xm
y, M is one or more in transiting group metal elements except Fe and Be, B, Al, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Bi, N, S, Se, x=5～30%, and y=0～15%, surplus is Fe.China in 2009 apply for a patent CN 101812628A and disclose a kind of preparation of Fe-Ga base magnetic striction wire, and its Magnetostriction reaches 180ppm.
The Magnetostrictive effect existing based on Fe-Ga alloy itself, the present invention proposes a kind of imagination with magnetic field control spring [coefficient of.In addition, because Fe-Ga alloy belongs to less-deformable alloy, in order to improve its plasticity so that a preparation silk material, in the present invention by other elements of interpolation.The spring of preparing by this method and material, in the time that it is placed in magnetic field environment, its elasticity coefficient, mechanical behavior will be subject to the impact in magnetic field and variation to a certain degree occurs.Based on this kind of variation, such spring can be used for the fields such as accurate control, sensor, vibration damping.As in precision machining, adopt the spring of this kind of magnetic control [coefficient of, because elongation or the shortening amount of spring are controlled by magnetic field, can more effectively regulate displacement, thereby improve precision.In sensor, by the [coefficient of of the electrodeless control spring in magnetic field, can obtain continuous perceptual signal and feedback.In vibration damping field, adopt magnetic control [coefficient of spring, can realize intelligent control of vibration damping etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, spring of a kind of magnetic field control [coefficient of and preparation method thereof is provided.
The object of the invention is to realize by following aspect.
A spring for [coefficient of is controlled in magnetic field, and the material composition (atomic fraction) of use is: Fe
100-x-yga
xm
yn
z, M is one or more in Nb, B, Be, Al, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb, Co, Se, N is C, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Ti, Si, Zr or Mo, and wherein x=10～30, y=0.1～6, z=0～3, surplus is Fe.The Main Function that adds alloying element is the plasticity of improving Fe-Ga alloy.Said method comprising the steps of:
(1) prepare burden according to described material composition and add the Ga scaling loss amount of 1-5%;
(2) this batching is carried out to vacuum smelting, and pour into alloy pig, the scale of cast alloy ingot surface is removed, then pass through forge hot, swage and drawing step, obtain the silk material of diameter 0.1-2mm;
(3) alloy wire after drawing is rolled to spring on spring coiling machine;
(4) spring is incubated to 10-180 minute at the temperature of 150-500 DEG C, then cool to room temperature obtains the spring of described magnetic field control [coefficient of.
In described step (2), the condition of vacuum smelting is that vacuum keep is 5 × 10
-3more than Pa, electromagnetic stirring 1 ~ 5 minute; Pouring temperature is 1450 ~ 1600 DEG C, is poured in swage; In described hot forging process, first, at 950-1200 DEG C of insulation 0.5-3 hour, then at 800-1150 DEG C, forge, amount of deformation is 50-80%; The temperature of swaging is 500-800 DEG C, and amount of deformation is 40-90%; The temperature of drawing is 200-400 DEG C, and amount of deformation is 40-85%.
Spring structure parameter comprises: elasticity coefficient D/d, and wherein D is that spring on average encloses footpath size, d is spring wire diameter; The number of effective coils of spring; Number of total coils; And spring pitch.In described step (3), roll spring on spring coiling machine time, the circle footpath D of spring and the ratio D/d of the wire diameter d of spring are 4 ~ 12.
Further, be the alloy bar of diameter 8-15mm by what obtain after described step 2 forging; Obtain the silk material of diameter 0.1-2mm by drawing;
Further, in described step (4), the stress relief annealing temperature of spring is 150-500 DEG C, and holding time is 10-180 minute, or introduces externally-applied magnetic field in the time of annealing, and air cooling is to room temperature.
The determining method that the spring of [coefficient of is controlled in magnetic field of the present invention is in magnetic field, adopts the mode of quality magnetism-free stainless steel counterweights such as applying, the elongation of test spring and the relation of load, the [coefficient of of calculating spring.
The Magnetostrictive effect existing due to Fe-Ga base alloy itself, in addition, because Fe-Ga alloy belongs to less-deformable alloy, in order to improve its plasticity so that a preparation silk material, in the present invention by other elements of interpolation.Therefore the spring of preparing by this method and material, in the time that it is placed in magnetic field environment, its elasticity coefficient, mechanical behavior will be subject to the impact in magnetic field and variation to a certain degree occurs.Based on this kind of variation, such spring can be used for the fields such as accurate control, sensor, vibration damping.As in precision machining, adopt the spring of this kind of magnetic control [coefficient of, because elongation or the shortening amount of spring are controlled by magnetic field, can more effectively regulate displacement, thereby improve precision.In sensor, by the [coefficient of of the electrodeless control spring in magnetic field, can obtain continuous perceptual signal and feedback.In vibration damping field, adopt magnetic control [coefficient of spring, can realize the intelligent control of vibration damping, etc.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of extension spring;
Fig. 2 be under different magnetic field extension spring elongation and load be related to schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of Compress Spring;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of volute spring.
Embodiment
embodiment 1: preparation Fe
82.6ga
16.9b
0.5spring
Take the raw material of design with electronic balance, Fe, the 99.99%Ga and the crystal B that wherein use purity to be greater than 99.5%, and add 3% Ga scaling loss amount, and the raw material preparing is put in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace, be evacuated down to 5 × 10
-3after Pa, applying argon gas, to 0.5MPa, to protect raw material not oxidized, starts melting, refining 3 minutes after raw material melts completely, and in stove, being cast into subsequently diameter is 70mm alloy bar.
Cut the shrinkage cavity end of alloy pig by the method for line cutting, go the oxide layer on alloy pig surface, at 1050 DEG C, be incubated 2 hours with lathe car, then forging, amount of deformation is 50%, obtains the alloy bar of diameter 12mm; Alloy after forging is swaged at 800 DEG C, and amount of deformation is 75%, makes a material diameter reach 3mm; Finally at 200 DEG C, carry out drawing, through 10 passages, amount of deformation is 82%, obtains the silk material of diameter 0.5mm.
Alloy wire after drawing is made to spring on spring coiling machine.The extension spring material object of preparation as shown in Figure 1.Spring is placed at the temperature of 300 DEG C and is incubated 30 minutes, cool to room temperature.
Extension spring is hung in energization solenoid, progressively increase load, the elongation of test spring.In the time being respectively 0Oe and 135Oe by solenoidal magnetic field, record the elongation of spring and the relation of load as shown in Figure 2, the [coefficient of that can be calculated spring is respectively 115.2N/m and 110.5N/m.Device of spring stiffness coefficient is changed to 4%.
embodiment 2: preparation Fe
82.2ga
16.8nb
1c
1spring
Take the raw material of design with electronic balance, wherein use purity to be greater than 99.5% Fe, 99.99%Ga, ferro-niobium and graphitic carbon containing Nb amount 60%, and add 2% Ga scaling loss amount, the raw material preparing is put in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace, be evacuated down to 5 × 10
-3after Pa, applying argon gas, to 0.5MPa, to protect raw material not oxidized, starts melting, refining 3 minutes after raw material melts completely, and in stove, being cast into subsequently diameter is 70mm alloy bar.
The shrinkage cavity end that cuts alloy pig by the method for line cutting, the oxide layer of going to alloy pig surface with lathe car is incubated 1.5 hours at 1080 DEG C, then forges, and amount of deformation is 50%, obtains the alloy bar of diameter 12mm; Alloy after forging is swaged at 800 DEG C, and amount of deformation is 75%, makes a material diameter reach 3mm; Finally at 200 DEG C, carry out drawing, through 10 passages, amount of deformation is 80%, obtains the silk material of diameter 0.6mm.
Alloy wire after drawing is made to spring on spring coiling machine.The Compress Spring material object of preparation as shown in Figure 3.Spring is placed at the temperature of 300 DEG C and is incubated 35 minutes, cool to room temperature.
embodiment 3: preparation Fe
81ga
16.5cr
2b
0.5spring
Take the raw material of design with electronic balance, Fe, the 99.99%Ga, purity 99.99%Cr and the crystal B that wherein use purity to be greater than 99.5%, and add 3% Ga scaling loss amount, and the raw material preparing is put in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace, be evacuated down to 5 × 10
-3after Pa, applying argon gas, to 0.5MPa, to protect raw material not oxidized, starts melting, refining 3 minutes after raw material melts completely, and in stove, being cast into subsequently diameter is 70mm alloy pig.
Cut the shrinkage cavity end of alloy pig by the method for line cutting, go the oxide layer on alloy pig surface, at 1020 DEG C, be incubated 2 hours with lathe car, then forging, amount of deformation is 50%, obtains the alloy bar of diameter 12mm; Alloy after forging is swaged at 800 DEG C, and amount of deformation is 70%, makes a material diameter reach 3.5mm; Finally at 200 DEG C, carry out drawing, through 10 passages, amount of deformation is 84%, obtains the silk material of diameter 0.5mm.Alloy wire after drawing is made to volute spring on spring coiling machine.The volute spring material object of preparation as shown in Figure 4.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for the spring of [coefficient of is controlled in magnetic field, it is characterized in that, the material composition that the spring use of [coefficient of is controlled in described magnetic field is: Fe
100-x-yga
xm
yn
z, M is one or more in Nb, B, Be, Al, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb, Co, Se, N is C, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Ti, Si, Zr or Mo, and wherein x=10～30, y=0.1～6, z=0～3, surplus is Fe; The preparation method of the spring of [coefficient of is controlled in described magnetic field, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare burden according to described material composition and add the Ga scaling loss amount of 1-5%;
(2) this batching is carried out to vacuum smelting, and pour into alloy pig, the scale of cast alloy ingot surface is removed, then pass through forge hot, swage and drawing step, obtain the silk material of diameter 0.1-2mm;
(3) alloy wire after drawing is rolled to spring on spring coiling machine;
(4) spring is incubated to 10-180 minute at the temperature of 150-500 DEG C, then cool to room temperature obtains the spring of described magnetic field control [coefficient of.
2. the preparation method of the spring of [coefficient of is controlled in magnetic field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the condition that the preparation method's of the spring of [coefficient of the middle vacuum smelting of step (2) is controlled in described magnetic field is that vacuum keep is 5 × 10
-3more than Pa, electromagnetic stirring 1 ~ 5 minute; Pouring temperature is 1450 ~ 1600 DEG C, is poured in swage; In described hot forging process, first, at 950-1200 DEG C of insulation 0.5-3 hour, then at 800-1150 DEG C, forge, amount of deformation is 50-80%; The temperature of swaging is 500-800 DEG C, and amount of deformation is 40-90%; The temperature of drawing is 200-400 DEG C, and amount of deformation is 40-85%.
3. the preparation method of the spring of [coefficient of is controlled in magnetic field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described preparation method's step (3), roll spring on spring coiling machine time, the circle footpath D of spring and the ratio D/d of the wire diameter d of spring are 4 ~ 12.
4. the preparation method who controls the spring of [coefficient of according to the magnetic field described in any one in claim 1-3, is characterized in that: in described preparation method's step (4), in the time of annealing, introduce externally-applied magnetic field, air cooling is to room temperature.
5. control the preparation method of the spring of [coefficient of according to the magnetic field described in any one in claim 1 ~ 3, it is characterized in that: [coefficient of spring is controlled in the magnetic field of being prepared by described method, comprise the compression type spring that the drawing spring of pulling force is provided, pressure is provided, and not only provided pulling force but also the volute spring of pressure is provided.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103805839B (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2016-01-06 | 北京麦吉凯科技有限公司 | The preparation method of magnetic hardening FeGa alloy |
| CN106011650A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-10-12 | 苏州市虎丘区浒墅关弹簧厂 | Fatigue resistant spring material |
| CN106868347B (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of Co-Fe B alloy wires with high mangneto twisting property and preparation method thereof |
| CN107116344A (en) * | 2017-07-01 | 2017-09-01 | 宁波华成阀门有限公司 | One kind can empty pressure-reducing unloading valve and its manufacture method |
| CN107321899B (en) * | 2017-07-01 | 2020-01-03 | 宁波华成阀门有限公司 | Anti-fatigue impact-resistant pressure reducing valve and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN107574383B (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-01-11 | 佛山市中富明德不锈钢有限公司 | A kind of high-damping ferrous alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113512685B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2023-03-24 | 北京中磁新材科技有限公司 | Fe-based magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101003117A (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2007-07-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | A sort of Fe-Ga magnetostriction alloy wire and preparation method |
| CN101262039A (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-10 | 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 | Fe-Ga base magnetism driven elastic silk and part using this material |
| CN101812628A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-25 | 北京麦格东方材料技术有限公司 | Fe-Ga based magnetostrictive wire and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0768597B2 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1995-07-26 | 株式会社東芝 | Non-magnetic spring material and manufacturing method thereof |
| JPH0230727A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-02-01 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Copper alloy having high-strength and high-conductivity for semiconductor equipment lead material or conductive spring material |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101003117A (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2007-07-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | A sort of Fe-Ga magnetostriction alloy wire and preparation method |
| CN101262039A (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-10 | 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 | Fe-Ga base magnetism driven elastic silk and part using this material |
| CN101812628A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-25 | 北京麦格东方材料技术有限公司 | Fe-Ga based magnetostrictive wire and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JP昭62-202038A 1987.09.05 |
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