CN102537162A - Spring with stiffness coefficient controlled by magnitude field and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN102537162A CN102537162A CN2012100035567A CN201210003556A CN102537162A CN 102537162 A CN102537162 A CN 102537162A CN 2012100035567 A CN2012100035567 A CN 2012100035567A CN 201210003556 A CN201210003556 A CN 201210003556A CN 102537162 A CN102537162 A CN 102537162A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spring with a stiffness coefficient controlled by a magnitude field and a preparation method thereof. The raw material component of the spring with the stiffness coefficient controlled by the magnitude field is Fe100-x-y-zGaxMyNz, wherein M is one or more of Nb, B, Be, Al, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb, Co and Se; N is C, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Ti, Si, Zr or Mo and the like; x=10-30; y=0.1-6; z=0-3; and the balance is Fe. According to the invention, a Fe-Ga-based wire which is 0.1-2 millimeters in diameter is prepared with forging and drawing methods, and a tensile spring, a compression spring and a conical spring are prepared, wherein the diameter ratio is 4-12. Heat of the spring is preserved at the temperature of 150-500 DEG C for 10-180 minutes. The stiffness coefficients of the spring measured in the absence of a magnetic field and in a magnetic field of 1,35Oe are 115.2 N/m and 110.5 N/m respectively. The variation of the stiffness coefficient of the spring is 4 percent. When the spring prepared from the materials with the method is placed into a magnetic field environment, the elastic coefficient and mechanical behavior of the spring are varied in a certain degree under the influence of the magnetic field; and the spring can be applied in the fields of precision control, sensors, damping and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fabricated metals field of new, Fe-Ga base spring that particularly a kind of [coefficient of is variable and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
When ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism material when magnetized state changes, small variation takes place in length of himself and volume, this phenomenon becomes Magnetostrictive effect.Wherein, the variation of volume is called volume magnetostriction; The variation of length is called the line magnetostriction.Do the time spent when this material receives external force, its magnetized state also changes, and this is referred to as counter magnetostriction effect.Magnetostrictive effect and counter magnetostriction effect are the results of the magnetic force effect of intercoupling in ferromagnetism and the ferrimagnetic material.Magnetostriction materials can be realized the mutual conversion of electromagnetic energy and mechanical energy, are important energy and information conversion function materials, have been widely used in fields such as underwater acoustic transducer technology, electroacoustic transducer technology, marine exploration and development technique at present.
The people such as S. Guruswamy of the U.S. in 2000 have reported a kind of binary alloy of being made up of Fe and Ga (S. Guruswamy; Et atl. Strong; Dutile; And low-field-magnetostrictive alloys based on Fe-Ga. Scripta Mater. 2000,43:p239-244), i.e. Fe-Ga alloy.The Fe-Ga alloy has higher magnetostriction value; Monocrystalline can reach 400ppm; Adopt the orientation polycrystalline magnetostriction performance of directional solidification preparation can reach 318ppm; Simultaneously the Fe-Ga alloy also has the intensity height, magnetic hysteresis is little, cost is lower, high relative permeability, low magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and advantage such as low magnetostriction temperature coefficient, is a kind of novel magnetostriction materials.This material all has a good application prospect in fields such as transducing, driving, sensings.
Through research in recent years, the Fe-Ga alloy is being made significant headway aspect related preparation technology and the magnetostriction Performance Influence Factor.One Chinese patent application CN101003117A in 2007 disclose a kind of preparation method of Fe-Ga magnetic striction wire, relate to a kind of preparation process through hot-swage and cold-drawn.One Chinese patent application CN101262039A disclosed a kind of Fe-Ga base magnetic striction wire in 2008, and its material composition is Fe
1-x-yGa
xM
y, M is among transiting group metal elements except that Fe and Be, B, Al, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Bi, N, S, the Se one or more, x=5～30%, and y=0～15%, surplus is Fe.China applied for a patent the preparation that CN 101812628A discloses a kind of Fe-Ga base magnetic striction wire in 2009, and its magnetostriction performance reaches 180ppm.
Based on the Magnetostrictive effect that Fe-Ga alloy itself exists, the present invention proposes a kind of imagination with magnetic field control spring [coefficient of.In addition because the Fe-Ga alloy belongs to less-deformable alloy, in order to improve its plasticity so that a preparation silk material, among the present invention with other elements of interpolation.Through the spring of this method and material preparation, when it places magnetic field environment, its elasticity coefficient, mechanical behavior will receive the influence in magnetic field and variation will to a certain degree take place.Based on this kind variation, such spring can be used for fields such as accurate control, sensor, vibration damping.As in precision machining, adopt the spring of this kind magnetic control [coefficient of, because the elongation or the shortening amount of spring are controlled by magnetic field, can more effectively regulate displacement, thereby improve precision.In sensor,, can obtain continuous perceptual signal and feedback through the [coefficient of of the electrodeless control spring in magnetic field.In the vibration damping field, adopt magnetic control [coefficient of spring, can realize intelligent control of vibration damping or the like.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, spring of a kind of magnetic field control [coefficient of and preparation method thereof is provided.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following aspect.
A kind of spring of magnetic field control [coefficient of, the material composition of use (atomic fraction) is: Fe
100-x-yGa
xM
yN
z, M is one or more among Nb, B, Be, Al, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb, Co, the Se, N is C, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Ti, Si, Zr or Mo, and x=10～30 wherein, y=0.1～6, z=0～3, surplus is Fe.The main effect of adding alloying element is a plasticity of improving the Fe-Ga alloy.Said method comprising the steps of:
(1) according to said material composition batching and add the Ga scaling loss amount of 1-5%;
(2) this batching is carried out vacuum smelting, and pour into alloy pig, the scale of cast alloy ingot surface is removed, pass through forge hot then, swage and the drawing step, obtain the silk material of diameter 0.1-2mm;
(3) alloy wire after the drawing is rolled spring on spring coiling machine;
(4) spring is incubated 10-180 minute under 150-500 ℃ temperature, cool to room temperature obtains the spring of said magnetic field control [coefficient of then.
The condition of vacuum smelting is that degree of vacuum remains on 5 * 10 in the said step (2)
-3More than the Pa, electromagnetic stirring 1 ~ 5 minute; Pouring temperature is 1450 ~ 1600 ℃, is poured in the swage; In said hot forging process, earlier 950-1200 ℃ of insulation 0.5-3 hour, forge down at 800-1150 ℃ then, amount of deformation is 50-80%; The temperature of swaging is 500-800 ℃, and amount of deformation is 40-90%; The temperature of drawing is 200-400 ℃, and amount of deformation is 40-85%.
The spring structure parameter comprises: elasticity coefficient D/d, and wherein D is that spring on average encloses the footpath size, d is the spring wire footpath; The number of effective coils of spring; Number of total coils; And spring pitch.In the said step (3), when on spring coiling machine, rolling spring, the circle of spring footpath D and the ratio D/d of the line footpath d of spring are 4 ~ 12.
Further, be the alloy bar of diameter 8-15mm through what obtain after said step 2 forging; Obtain the silk material of diameter 0.1-2mm through drawing;
Further, in the said step (4), the stress relief annealing temperature of spring is 150-500 ℃, and holding time is 10-180 minute, or when annealing, introduces externally-applied magnetic field, and air cooling is to room temperature.
The determining method of the spring of control [coefficient of in magnetic field according to the invention is in magnetic field, adopts the mode of quality magnetism-free stainless steel counterweights such as applying, the elongation of test spring and the relation of load, the [coefficient of of calculating spring.
Because the Magnetostrictive effect that Fe-Ga base alloy itself exists, in addition because the Fe-Ga alloy belongs to less-deformable alloy, in order to improve its plasticity so that a preparation material, among the present invention with other elements of interpolation.Therefore through the spring of this method and material preparation, when it places magnetic field environment, its elasticity coefficient, mechanical behavior will receive the influence in magnetic field and variation will to a certain degree take place.Based on this kind variation, such spring can be used for fields such as accurate control, sensor, vibration damping.As in precision machining, adopt the spring of this kind magnetic control [coefficient of, because the elongation or the shortening amount of spring are controlled by magnetic field, can more effectively regulate displacement, thereby improve precision.In sensor,, can obtain continuous perceptual signal and feedback through the [coefficient of of the electrodeless control spring in magnetic field.In the vibration damping field, adopt magnetic control [coefficient of spring, can realize the intelligent control of vibration damping, or the like.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of extension spring;
Fig. 2 is the schematic representation that concerns of different magnetic field stretched spring elongation and load;
Fig. 3 is the schematic representation of pressure spring;
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of volute spring.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: preparation Fe
82.6Ga
16.9B
0.5Spring
Take by weighing the raw material of design with electronic balance, wherein use purity greater than 99.5% Fe, 99.99%Ga and crystal B, and add 3% Ga scaling loss amount, confected materials is put in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace, be evacuated down to 5 * 10
-3Applying argon gas is to 0.5MPa behind the Pa, and not oxidized with the protection raw material, the beginning melting treats that raw material melts back refining 3 minutes fully, and in stove, being cast into diameter subsequently is the 70mm alloy bar.
Cut the shrinkage cavity end of alloy pig with the method for line cutting, with the lathe car go the oxide layer on alloy pig surface, 1050 ℃ of insulations 2 hours down, forging then, amount of deformation is 50%, obtains the alloy bar of diameter 12mm; Alloy after forging is swaged under 800 ℃, and amount of deformation is 75%, makes a material diameter reach 3mm; Under 200 ℃, carry out drawing at last, through 10 passages, amount of deformation is 82%, obtains the silk material of diameter 0.5mm.
Alloy wire after the drawing is processed spring on spring coiling machine.The extension spring material object of preparation is as shown in Figure 1.Spring placed under 300 ℃ the temperature insulation 30 minutes, cool to room temperature.
Extension spring is hung in the energization solenoid, progressively increase load, the elongation of test spring.When being respectively 0Oe and 135Oe through solenoidal magnetic field, the relation of elongation and load that records spring is as shown in Figure 2, and the [coefficient of that calculating can obtain spring is respectively 115.2N/m and 110.5N/m.The spring [coefficient of is changed to 4%.
Embodiment 2: preparation Fe
82.2Ga
16.8Nb
1C
1Spring
Take by weighing the raw material of design with electronic balance, wherein use purity greater than 99.5% Fe, 99.99%Ga, contain the ferro-niobium and the graphitic carbon of Nb amount 60%, and add 2% Ga scaling loss amount, confected materials is put in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace, be evacuated down to 5 * 10
-3Applying argon gas is to 0.5MPa behind the Pa, and not oxidized with the protection raw material, the beginning melting treats that raw material melts back refining 3 minutes fully, and in stove, being cast into diameter subsequently is the 70mm alloy bar.
Cut the shrinkage cavity end of alloy pig with the method for line cutting, the oxide layer of going to the alloy pig surface with the lathe car, 1080 ℃ of insulations 1.5 hours down, forging then, amount of deformation is 50%, obtains the alloy bar of diameter 12mm; Alloy after forging is swaged under 800 ℃, and amount of deformation is 75%, makes a material diameter reach 3mm; Under 200 ℃, carry out drawing at last, through 10 passages, amount of deformation is 80%, obtains the silk material of diameter 0.6mm.
Alloy wire after the drawing is processed spring on spring coiling machine.The pressure spring material object of preparation is as shown in Figure 3.Spring placed under 300 ℃ the temperature insulation 35 minutes, cool to room temperature.
Embodiment 3: preparation Fe
81Ga
16.5Cr
2B
0.5Spring
Take by weighing the raw material of design with electronic balance, wherein use purity greater than 99.5% Fe, 99.99%Ga, purity 99.99%Cr and crystal B, and add 3% Ga scaling loss amount, confected materials is put in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace, be evacuated down to 5 * 10
-3Applying argon gas is to 0.5MPa behind the Pa, and not oxidized with the protection raw material, the beginning melting treats that raw material melts back refining 3 minutes fully, and in stove, being cast into diameter subsequently is the 70mm alloy pig.
Cut the shrinkage cavity end of alloy pig with the method for line cutting, with the lathe car go the oxide layer on alloy pig surface, 1020 ℃ of insulations 2 hours down, forging then, amount of deformation is 50%, obtains the alloy bar of diameter 12mm; Alloy after forging is swaged under 800 ℃, and amount of deformation is 70%, makes a material diameter reach 3.5mm; Under 200 ℃, carry out drawing at last, through 10 passages, amount of deformation is 84%, obtains the silk material of diameter 0.5mm.Alloy wire after the drawing is processed volute spring on spring coiling machine.The volute spring material object of preparation is as shown in Figure 4.
Claims (6)
1. the spring of a magnetic field control [coefficient of is characterized in that use therein material composition (atomic fraction) is: Fe
100-x-yGa
xM
yN
z, M is one or more among Nb, B, Be, Al, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb, Co, the Se, N is C, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Ti, Si, Zr or Mo, and x=10～30 wherein, y=0.1～6, z=0～3, surplus is Fe.
2. the preparation method of the spring of a magnetic field control [coefficient of is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to said material composition batching and add the Ga scaling loss amount of 1-5%;
(2) this batching is carried out vacuum smelting, and pour into alloy pig, the scale of cast alloy ingot surface is removed, pass through forge hot then, swage and the drawing step, obtain the silk material of diameter 0.1-2mm;
(3) alloy wire after the drawing is rolled spring on spring coiling machine;
(4) spring is incubated 10-180 minute under 150-500 ℃ temperature, cool to room temperature obtains the spring of said magnetic field control [coefficient of then.
3. the preparation method of the spring of control [coefficient of in magnetic field according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the condition of vacuum smelting is that degree of vacuum remains on 5 * 10 in the said step (2)
-3More than the Pa, electromagnetic stirring 1 ~ 5 minute; Pouring temperature is 1450 ~ 1600 ℃, is poured in the swage; In said hot forging process, earlier 950-1200 ℃ of insulation 0.5-3 hour, forge down at 800-1150 ℃ then, amount of deformation is 50-80%; The temperature of swaging is 500-800 ℃, and amount of deformation is 40-90%; The temperature of drawing is 200-400 ℃, and amount of deformation is 40-85%.
4. the preparation method of the spring of control [coefficient of in magnetic field according to claim 2 is characterized in that: in the said step (3), when on spring coiling machine, rolling spring, the circle of spring footpath D and the ratio D/d of the line footpath d of spring are 4 ~ 12.
5. control the preparation method of the spring of [coefficient of according to the described magnetic field of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: in the said step (4), can when annealing, introduce externally-applied magnetic field, air cooling is to room temperature.
6. control the preparation method of the spring of [coefficient of according to the described magnetic field of claim 2 ~ 5; It is characterized in that: by the magnetic field control [coefficient of spring of said method preparation; Comprise the drawing spring that pulling force can be provided, the compression type spring that pressure can be provided, and both can provide pulling force that the volute spring of pressure also can be provided.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210003556.7A CN102537162B (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2012-01-06 | Spring with stiffness coefficient controlled by magnitude field and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210003556.7A CN102537162B (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2012-01-06 | Spring with stiffness coefficient controlled by magnitude field and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102537162B CN102537162B (en) | 2014-07-02 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103805839A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-05-21 | 北京麦吉凯科技有限公司 | Magnetic hardening FeGa alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106011650A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-10-12 | 苏州市虎丘区浒墅关弹簧厂 | Fatigue resistant spring material |
| CN106868347A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-20 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of Co Fe B alloy wires with mangneto twisting property high and preparation method thereof |
| CN107116344A (en) * | 2017-07-01 | 2017-09-01 | 宁波华成阀门有限公司 | One kind can empty pressure-reducing unloading valve and its manufacture method |
| CN107321899A (en) * | 2017-07-01 | 2017-11-07 | 宁波华成阀门有限公司 | A kind of antifatigue impact resistance pressure-reducing valve and its manufacture method |
| CN107574383A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-12 | 宝鸡市金得利新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-damping ferrous alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113512685A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-10-19 | 北京中磁电气有限公司 | Fe-based magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| JPS62202038A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-05 | Toshiba Corp | Nonmagnetic spring material and its production |
| JPH0230727A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-02-01 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Copper alloy having high-strength and high-conductivity for semiconductor equipment lead material or conductive spring material |
| CN101003117A (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2007-07-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | A sort of Fe-Ga magnetostriction alloy wire and preparation method |
| CN101262039A (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-10 | 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 | Fe-Ga base magnetism driven elastic silk and part using this material |
| CN101812628A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-25 | 北京麦格东方材料技术有限公司 | Fe-Ga based magnetostrictive wire and preparation method thereof |
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2012
- 2012-01-06 CN CN201210003556.7A patent/CN102537162B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62202038A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-05 | Toshiba Corp | Nonmagnetic spring material and its production |
| JPH0230727A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-02-01 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Copper alloy having high-strength and high-conductivity for semiconductor equipment lead material or conductive spring material |
| CN101003117A (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2007-07-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | A sort of Fe-Ga magnetostriction alloy wire and preparation method |
| CN101262039A (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-10 | 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 | Fe-Ga base magnetism driven elastic silk and part using this material |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103805839A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-05-21 | 北京麦吉凯科技有限公司 | Magnetic hardening FeGa alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN103805839B (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2016-01-06 | 北京麦吉凯科技有限公司 | The preparation method of magnetic hardening FeGa alloy |
| CN106011650A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-10-12 | 苏州市虎丘区浒墅关弹簧厂 | Fatigue resistant spring material |
| CN106868347A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-20 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of Co Fe B alloy wires with mangneto twisting property high and preparation method thereof |
| CN106868347B (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of Co-Fe B alloy wires with high mangneto twisting property and preparation method thereof |
| CN107116344A (en) * | 2017-07-01 | 2017-09-01 | 宁波华成阀门有限公司 | One kind can empty pressure-reducing unloading valve and its manufacture method |
| CN107321899A (en) * | 2017-07-01 | 2017-11-07 | 宁波华成阀门有限公司 | A kind of antifatigue impact resistance pressure-reducing valve and its manufacture method |
| CN107574383A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-12 | 宝鸡市金得利新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-damping ferrous alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN107574383B (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-01-11 | 佛山市中富明德不锈钢有限公司 | A kind of high-damping ferrous alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113512685A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-10-19 | 北京中磁电气有限公司 | Fe-based magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102537162B (en) | 2014-07-02 |
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