CN102522953B - Active millimetre wave subharmonic monolithic integrated frequency mixer circuit based on DHBT (Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor) process - Google Patents
Active millimetre wave subharmonic monolithic integrated frequency mixer circuit based on DHBT (Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor) process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an active millimetre wave subharmonic monolithic integrated frequency mixer circuit based on a DHBT (Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor) process. The active millimetre wave subharmonic monolithic integrated frequency mixer circuit comprises a local oscillation double frequency circuit, a radio frequency input buffer circuit, a frequency mixer circuit and a medium frequency output buffer circuit, wherein the local oscillation double frequency circuit is used for inputting a low-frequency large-power input signal double frequency, generated second harmonic signal and radio frequency input signal buffered by a radio frequency input buffer stage to the frequency mixer circuit for frequency mixing; the frequency-mixed input signals are output by the medium-frequency output buffer amplifier, so that the frequency down-conversion function on a local oscillation second harmonic frequency band is achieved; the circuit structure achieves integrating a frequency multiplier chain with a frequency mixer circuit by an integrated circuit technique, so that the circuit scale is reduced, thus application advantages on a U wave band and a W wave band are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to millimeter-wave systems and semiconductor integrated circuit field, be specifically related to a kind of design of the active millimeter wave subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers based on DHBT technique.
Background technology
Along with technical development, communication apparatus and radar system operating frequency also progressively improve, and high-end product has reached the millimere-wave band of tens of GHz at present, and these systems all need and the corresponding mixer module of its frequency.Especially, at U wave band and W wave band, market is more urgent to demand stable and mixer cheaply.This be due to, on the one hand, traditional passive frequency mixer integrated level based on resistive diode is low, conversion loss is large, has limited the development of the system based on this frequency mixer; On the other hand because between 60GHz to 110GHz, lack available, high-output power, spuious few, volume is little, the frequency source that reliability is high carries out supporting, the fundamental wave mixing device circuit more conventional in low-frequency range is difficult to be used widely in this frequency range.
Therefore, mixer in millimeter wave high-end applications, present two important feature, the one, rely on the development of high frequency three end electronic devices, as DHBT and HEMT, adopt fully integrated monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) mode to realize in frequency mixer, the 2nd, greatly develop harmonic mixing circuit, reduce the dependence to millimeter wave high band high performance local oscillator signal source.These two important feature have multiple combination at present: first, the frequency multiplier chain of use based on resistive diode exported needed high-frequency signal to low frequency local oscillation signal source frequency multiplication, utilize the fundamental wave mixing device of integrated circuit technique design high band, then both are combined and realize mixing; The second, use circuit as above, but by integrated circuit technique, resistive diode frequency multiplier chain is carried out to monolithic integrated, can suitably reduce circuit scale, improve partial properties; Yet mode is to enter in mixer frequency multiplier chain is integrated the most thoroughly, or directly designs single chip integrated Subharmonic mixer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes the active millimeter wave subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers circuit based on DHBT technique of a kind of U of being applied in wave band and W wave band.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of active millimeter wave subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers circuit based on DHBT technique, comprise local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits, radio frequency input buffer stage circuit, mixting circuit and intermediate frequency output buffer stage circuit, by local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits by high-power input signal two frequencys multiplication of a low frequency, the second harmonic signal generating enters mixting circuit mixing together with the radio-frequency input signals cushioning through radio frequency input buffer stage, by intermediate frequency output buffer amplifier, export again, the lower mixing function of realization in local oscillator second harmonic frequency range.
Described local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits adopt star-like matching network to expand port bandwidth, and its output suppresses local oscillation signal to the leakage of radio frequency and intermediate frequency port by a local oscillator first-harmonic by-pass line.
Radio-frequency input signals in described radio frequency input buffer stage circuit, cushions by a cascade amplifier, strengthens the inhibition ability of prevention at radio-frequency port to the first-harmonic of local oscillator and each harmonic signal.
In described mixting circuit, the local oscillator second harmonic mixing that the radiofrequency signal of radio frequency input buffer stage circuit output and local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits produce is connected respectively on cross hairs sheet electric capacity two ports of metal at the middle and upper levels, simultaneously, mixer tube in mixting circuit and mixer tube offset line are connected respectively on cross hairs sheet two of lower metal ports in electric capacity, electric capacity levels realizes DC-isolation, mixting circuit uses undersized three port match networkings, coordinate electric capacity on the cross hairs form sheet of four ports, form between compact pipe interconnected.
Described intermediate frequency output buffer stage circuit is used to be penetrated a grade follower and cushions and drive, and improves performance of third order intermodulation and realizes the coupling of intermediate-frequency band.
Described local oscillator is used the input power source of U wave band low side and Ka wave band, and circuit structure is realized in W wave band and the high-end lower mixing of U wave band.
Described subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers is used the design of DHBT device, and wherein, local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits use the design of DHBT device, can obtain higher frequency multiplication gain; Radio frequency input buffer stage circuit is used the design of DHBT device, can obtain the good linearity; Mixting circuit uses the design of DHBT device, can obtain good nonlinear component output under suitable biasing, wherein comprises needed lower mixed components output; Intermediate frequency output buffer stage circuit is used the design of DHBT device, can strengthen driving force.
The concrete scope of application of described subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers is: local oscillator input signal is at 30GHz to 55GHz, through built-in two frequencys multiplication, produce the second harmonic of 60GHz to 110GHz, with with its deviation at 5GHz with interior radiofrequency signal mixing, generation is in direct current to the intermediate-freuqncy signal between 5GHz, and total radio frequency bandwidth is 10GHz.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, the beneficial effect that the present invention obtains is: this design promotes local oscillator frequency input signal by inner frequency multiplier circuit, do not need to use the frequency source of U wave band or W wave band, and the lower Ka audio range frequency source of the frequency range of using, its phase noise is relative with frequency stability will get well.This is designed with the isolation performance of good LO/2LO-RF simultaneously, the driving force of medium frequency output end mouth also has special output stage to ensure, there is certain conversion gain and lower noise factor, strengthened and used U wave band of the present invention and the flexibility in design of W band microwave system, the contradiction situation that in system, other circuit module performance has higher requirements has been occurred after having avoided using traditional first-harmonic passive frequency mixer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the millimeter wave Subharmonic mixer circuit theory diagrams that the present invention is based on DHBT;
Fig. 2 is the cross hairs electric capacity schematic three dimensional views that has four separate ports in mixer tube partial circuit of the present invention.
In figure, 1-local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits, 2-radio frequency input buffer stage circuit, 3-mixting circuit, 4-intermediate frequency output buffer stage circuit, 5-port one, 6-port 2,7-port 3,8-port 4,9-upper strata metal, 10-lower metal, 11-electric capacity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme of invention is described.
First the frequency range of the present invention's application is described.The high band that the optimum application band of the present invention is millimeter wave, U wave band and W wave band, extend to 110GHz from 60GHz.Below U wave band, can directly use high-quality frequency source, therefore relatively less to the demand of harmonic mixer, and at U wave band and W wave band, the present invention is by carrying out two frequencys multiplication to the local oscillation signal of low-frequency range, use its second harmonic to carry out mixing, just in time solved at U wave band and W wave band and lacked the difficulty that high-quality frequency source brings to design and the application of frequency mixer, and with the output phase noise of the matching used low-frequency range frequency source of the present invention and frequency stability also often than good with the matching used high-band frequency of fundamental wave mixing device source, the quality of the corresponding raising mixer output signal of meeting.
As shown in Figure 1, whole circuit is divided into four parts to frequency mixer topological structure proposed by the invention, is respectively local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits 1, radio frequency input buffer stage circuit 2, mixting circuit 3 and 4 intermediate frequencies output buffer stage circuit.
For four parts, describe respectively below.
Diagram 1-1 is the circuit diagram of local oscillator two frequency multiplication parts of the present invention.Input signal enters two frequency multiplication pipes through match circuit.The employing cross hairs of match circuit, can expand the bandwidth of local oscillator input port.Output at local oscillator two frequency multiplication pipes, except a part is revealed and next input signal fundametal compoment from input, also has its each harmonic component simultaneously, but the each harmonic energy except first-harmonic and second harmonic is all very little, can ignore, and its output is accompanied with the by-pass line of fundamental signal, through such signal, arranges, local oscillator two frequency multiplication parts will produce with the incoming frequency second harmonic signal gaining, and have higher fundamental signal to suppress ability.
Diagram 1-2 is the circuit diagram of radio frequency input buffer stage part of the present invention.Input buffer stage has adopted the form of cascade (Cascade) amplifier.Input buffer stage can improve the power of radio-frequency input signals on the one hand, suitably increases conversion gain.On the other hand, buffer amplifier can play the effect of isolation prevention at radio-frequency port and frequency mixer other parts, improves LO/2LO-RF isolation performance.Concrete, when using a single tube grounded emitter amplifier, input port and output port can be coupled by the parasitic capacitance between base stage and collector electrode, and local oscillator and each harmonic signal thereof can enter rf inputs mouth by this coupling path, worsen the isolation performance of prevention at radio-frequency port.And use after Cascade structure, said capacitive coupling path has above been blocked in the existence of common-base amplifier, thereby strengthens the LO/2LO-RF isolation of frequency mixer.
Diagram 1-3 is the circuit of mixer tube part of the present invention.Radio frequency and local oscillation signal two paths of signals are combined in a road input mixer tube.Because in this section in circuit except the second harmonic (being the local oscillation signal of actual needs) and radiofrequency signal of local oscillation signal, the first-harmonic of local oscillator input signal and other each harmonic also all can enter this part circuit, so match circuit electrical length is wherein as far as possible short, the second harmonic of radio frequency and local oscillator input signal can collect in mixer tube input smoothly like this.In addition, as can see from Figure 1, the preposition capacitance of mixer tube will be communicated with four terminals simultaneously, be respectively that local oscillator enters, radio frequency enters, mixer tube and mixer tube offset line, by using as the cross hairs electric capacity of Fig. 2, can realize interconnected between compact pipe and reduce chip area.Wherein, 5-port one is connected with local oscillator branch road with radio frequency with 6-port 2, and 7-port 3 is connected with the biasing circuit of mixer tube base stage and mixer tube with 8-port 4, the upper and lower two-layer isolation that has realized direct current by electric capacity 11.
Diagram 1-4 is of the present invention based on penetrating a grade output-stage circuit for follower design.It is no matter DHBT device or as the device of HEMT mono-class, the standard output port Impedance of its output impedance and 50 ohm differs more, the lossless coupling that realizes intermediate-freuqncy signal in the situation that not adding buffer stage is difficult, and cushion by intermediate frequency emitter follower amplifier, solve on the one hand the problem of coupling, on the other hand, buffer amplifier has consumption in the frequency range at local oscillator first-harmonic and each harmonic signal and radio-frequency input signals place, these signals are from mixer tube leaks to buffer amplifier, in amplifier inside, be consumed, neither leak to medium frequency output end mouth, can not be reflected back toward mixer tube output yet, can additionally not worsen performance of third order intermodulation.So design can be omitted Passive LC low-pass filter network, reduces chip area, and is easy to and the cascade of rear class AD sampling A/D chip.
Topological structure used in the present invention has been described and design targetedly in circuit details above, and provided reason and the design of these specific aims this is invented described millimeter wave Subharmonic mixer chip with and impact and the improvement of applied environment.In the scope that these topology design all can realize in current integrated circuit level, and in order to make the present invention can be at U wave band until can have suitable application on W wave band, selection to the direct current biasing of DHBT pipe, and the concrete size design of match circuit and bypass circuit, the present invention does not provide fixing design parameter, but according to actual conditions, in topologically invariant situation, design targetedly and optimize, therefore the present invention can be under various system requirements, adjust neatly and distribute conversion gain, the nargin of the performance such as noise factor and third order intermodulation.
In fact, the topological structure of this invention, when being applied to HEMT and cmos device, can both complete described function and realize good performance, but as preferably, application DHBT device designs this circuit, can farthest bring into play DHBT device and this invents the performance of related topological structure.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the active millimeter wave subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers circuit based on DHBT technique, comprise local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits, radio frequency input buffer stage circuit, mixting circuit and intermediate frequency output buffer stage circuit, it is characterized in that, by local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits by high-power input signal two frequencys multiplication of a low frequency, the second harmonic signal generating enters mixting circuit mixing together with the radio-frequency input signals cushioning through radio frequency input buffer stage, by intermediate frequency output buffer amplifier, export again, realize the lower mixing function in local oscillator second harmonic frequency range; In described mixting circuit, the local oscillator second harmonic mixing that the radiofrequency signal of radio frequency input buffer stage circuit output and local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits produce is connected respectively on cross hairs sheet electric capacity two ports of metal at the middle and upper levels, simultaneously, mixer tube in mixting circuit and mixer tube offset line are connected respectively on cross hairs sheet two of lower metal ports in electric capacity, electric capacity levels realizes DC-isolation, mixting circuit uses three port match networkings, coordinate electric capacity on the cross hairs form sheet of four ports, form between compact pipe interconnected; Wherein, the concrete scope of application of this subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers is: local oscillator input signal is at 30GHz to 55GHz, through built-in two frequencys multiplication, produce the second harmonic of 60GHz to 110GHz, with with its deviation at 5GHz with interior radiofrequency signal mixing, generation is in direct current to the intermediate-freuqncy signal between 5GHz, and total radio frequency bandwidth is 10GHz.
2. a kind of active millimeter wave subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers circuit based on DHBT technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described local oscillator two frequency multiplier circuits adopt star-like matching network to expand port bandwidth, and its output suppresses local oscillation signal to the leakage of radio frequency and intermediate frequency port by a local oscillator first-harmonic by-pass line.
3. a kind of active millimeter wave subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers circuit based on DHBT technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, radio-frequency input signals in described radio frequency input buffer stage circuit, by a cascade amplifier, cushion, strengthen the inhibition ability of prevention at radio-frequency port to the first-harmonic of local oscillator and each harmonic signal.
4. a kind of active millimeter wave subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers circuit based on DHBT technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described intermediate frequency output buffer stage circuit is used to be penetrated a grade follower and cushions and drive, and improves performance of third order intermodulation and realizes the coupling of intermediate-frequency band.
5. a kind of active millimeter wave subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers circuit based on DHBT technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described local oscillator is used the input power source of U wave band low side and Ka wave band, and circuit structure is realized in W wave band and the high-end lower mixing of U wave band.
6. a kind of active millimeter wave subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers circuit based on DHBT technique as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, this subharmonic monolithic Integrated Mixers is used DHBT device to design.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104467681A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-25 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz subharmonic frequency doubling and mixing device based on monolithic integrated circuit |
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| US8847662B2 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-09-30 | Mediatek Inc. | Mixer and associated signal circuit |
| CN103575986B (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2016-01-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | A kind of spectrum analyzer radio-frequency front-end low band circuit microwave integrating device |
| US9912293B2 (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2018-03-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Sub-harmonic mixer and a method therein for converting radio frequency signals to intermediate frequency signals |
| WO2015090456A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | A novel frequency multiplier |
| CN104269593B (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2017-01-25 | 电子科技大学 | Harmonic mixer based on over-coupling technology |
| CN106301254B (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2023-06-02 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Efficient wideband ordered harmonic matching structure and harmonic control method thereof |
| CN116482617B (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-08-29 | 南京理工大学 | Switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system based on super surface |
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| US6381449B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2002-04-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Frequency converter |
| CN201536348U (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2010-07-28 | 南京才华科技集团有限公司 | Ka-waveband MMW (millimeter waves) down converter |
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| CN104467681A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-25 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz subharmonic frequency doubling and mixing device based on monolithic integrated circuit |
| CN104467681B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2017-12-15 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz subharmonic frequency multiplier mixer device based on monolithic integrated optical circuit |
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