CN102518432A - Test device capable of simulating plugging of high temperature and high pressure dropping strata - Google Patents
Test device capable of simulating plugging of high temperature and high pressure dropping strata Download PDFInfo
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- CN102518432A CN102518432A CN2011104391392A CN201110439139A CN102518432A CN 102518432 A CN102518432 A CN 102518432A CN 2011104391392 A CN2011104391392 A CN 2011104391392A CN 201110439139 A CN201110439139 A CN 201110439139A CN 102518432 A CN102518432 A CN 102518432A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device capable of simulating plugging of high temperature and high pressure dropping strata, which is mainly composed of a gas source, an oil tank, an upper kettle body, a lower kettle body, a water source, a magnetic force driver, a central processing system and a liquid collecting tank. The upper kettle body is connected with the oil tank and the gas source, the lower kettle body is connected with the water source, the upper kettle body and the lower kettle body are not only respectively connected with a pressure pump and a pressure-release pump, but also respectively connected with a pressure sensor and a thermalcouple, and the pressure sensor and the thermalcouple are connected with the central processing system. A blade is arranged in the upper kettle body, a blade rotary shaft is driven by a frequency converting motor to rotate through the magnetic force driver, and a simulation rock core is arranged in the lower kettle body and connected with the liquid collecting tank. The test device capable of simulating plugging of high temperature and high pressure dropping strata can simulate complex working conditions of drilling working liquid under stratum conditions with different well depth, temperature, pressure and dropping types, slurry body flow states, differential pressure under high temperature and high pressure between a shaft and the stratum and the like, can test relevant parameters of plugging to determine dropping plugging effects so as to preferably select a drilling working liquid system.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of real-time Simulation preferably and bore well completion working liquid dynamic flow to drop ply overall process and to carrying out the evaluation appts of dynamic plugging in pit shaft.Through to formation conditions such as the temperature of different well depths, pressure, leakage channels; The test evaluation of plugging effect optimizes and misses the loss circulation material and the corresponding leak stopping slurry system of environment facies couplings under the complex working condition such as flow regime, pressure reduction, has realized pit shaft and stratum in the operation process such as oil, natural gas exploration and development drilling well, well cementation, completion, well workover, cementing plug, squeeze method all are in leakage environment simulation and the test of plugging effect under the high pressure.
Background technology
Bore and often run into the many covers of same barefoot interval existence pressure systems in completion and the subsequent job process; The effect of different directions tectonic stress impels crisscross fracture development; The corrosion of formation water forms the complex geological conditions such as solution cavity that vary in size, because leakage, complicated down-hole situation such as leakage but also spray not only appear in the effective head of liquid in the pit shaft and strata pressure uneven the unlatching when communication passage often.If can not in time take effective leak-proof leak-stopping measure will have a strong impact on the continuation operation, cause the prolongation of construction period, the increase of corresponding cost.Golden pheasant 1 well is because leakage is drilled into well depth 520m leak stopping more than 100 time from spudding in to, and 4.5 months consuming time, this well was missed working solution altogether and surpassed 73000m
3Leakage takes place in dark 1 well of tower when being drilled into well depth 6237.39m, be drilled into well depth 6800m four and end brill, and this drop ply accumulative total is missed drilling fluid 5624m
3
Optimize corresponding with it loss circulation material and leak stopping slurry system to different strata characteristic, operating mode through effective Simulation evaluation instrument, the formulation of confirming to reach follow-up for leak-stopping technique provides effective reference.API indoor static leak stopping evaluation device is used in the laboratory more both at home and abroad; Once experiment needs the 4000ML that slurry reaches; Normal temperature, nitrogen pressure can not effectively be simulated the ground environment of stratum high-temperature high pressure, through hoodle pile up at random or seam plate that 6.4mm is thick not high for the simulation degree on stratum; Domestic related patent U.S. Patent No. has utility model patent, and like cement paste lost circulation simulator (ZL200520119105.5), to be static simulation in this instrument do not obtain embodying for the variation of fluidised form slurry; Consubstantiality filter screen up and down causes analog distortion more greatly to the influence of plugging effect under a kind of drilling leakage blockage simulation experimental rig (ZL200520070609.4); Drilling leakage blockage simulation experimental rig (ZL02243296.5), this instrument fail the experiment relevant parameter is gathered in real time, are not easy to test the analysis after the end; Whether patent of invention has the process that never drains to leakage in this device of intelligent high-temperature high-voltage experimental instrument for dynamic leak stopping evaluation (ZL200510019252.X) not obtain complete simulation, and is nitrogen pressure, influential not the obtaining of leak stopping do not embodied for high pressure.The deficiency that these instruments are common: to slurry is that leakage does not obtain embodying under the pressure reduction under two high-pressure systems; If the situation that exists wellbore pressure to be lower than drop ply pressure in the continuation operation for the shutoff later stage can not be carried out effectively evaluating for the influence of the plugging effect in early stage, thereby the variation of agent passing in time owing to environment plays physics, the chemical property variation influences the plugging effect evaluation and also do not obtain embodying for blocking up.
Therefore, the leak stopping evaluation instrument of studying a kind of effectively simulated formation situation and field working conditions optimizes corresponding loss circulation material and system, and Oilfield developing is had crucial meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of HTHP leakage stratum simulation shutoff testing arrangement, this device can effectively be simulated the complex working condition conditions such as pressure reduction of drilling well working solution under HTHP between formation condition, slurry fluidised form and the pit shaft and the stratum of different well depths, temperature, pressure, leakage type.Utilizing this device to improve leak stopping relevant parameters such as ability, anti-displacement pressure through slurry wastage, plugged zone position, unit interval stratum pressure-bearing tests based on the leakage plugging effect under the high pressure of formation fracture pressure; Thereby optimize drilling well work liquid system, for site operation provides indoor foundation.
For reaching above technical purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme.
HTHP leakage stratum simulation shutoff testing arrangement; The pit shaft simulator that temperature, pressure, slurry fluidised form in the ability simulation wellbore hole are arranged; Simulate the simulation rock core of different leakage channels; The stratum simulator of pressure reduction between simulation wellbore hole pressure and the strata pressure; To experiment the electric energy is provided; For Experimental Flowing Object circulation passage is provided and can simulate different leakage channel bearing of trends and dissimilar well other, in the experiment process to relevant parameter carry out real-time monitoring, control system that experimental result is gathered etc., through the present invention; Can simulate the early stage maintenance of drilling well working solution from the pit shaft simulator and carry out pressure reduction, fluidised form and dissimilar subsurface environments such as formation leakage passage and the leakage situation after surpassing the stratum bearing capacity under process, formation temperature, strata pressure, pit shaft and the stratum high-temperature high pressure continuously, thereby site operation proposed constructure scheme more targetedly through analysis, explanation to experimental result to the later stage maintenance that gets into the stratum simulator.
HTHP leakage stratum simulation shutoff testing arrangement; Mainly form by source of the gas, fuel tank, upper kettle, lower kettle, water source, magnetic driver, variable-frequency motor, central processing system, data presentation system, liquid collecting jar; It is characterized in that; Said upper kettle has last kettle cover, upper kettle heater, and lower kettle has following kettle cover, lower kettle heater, and middle kettle cover and communicating valve are arranged between upper kettle and the lower kettle; Said upper kettle connects fuel tank, source of the gas and is provided with the oil spilling observation panel; Upper kettle also is connected with oil return valve and oil return source of the gas; Said upper kettle had both connected upper kettle force (forcing) pump, upper kettle pressure release pump respectively; Connect upper kettle pressure sensor and upper kettle thermocouple again respectively, this pressure sensor, thermocouple link to each other with central processing system; Said lower kettle connects the water source and is provided with the spilling water observation panel; Said lower kettle had both connected lower kettle force (forcing) pump, lower kettle pressure release pump respectively; Connect lower kettle pressure sensor and lower kettle thermocouple again respectively, this pressure sensor, thermocouple link to each other with central processing system.
Slurry and paddle are equipped with in said upper kettle inside, packing ring, diaphragm and gland are arranged successively to separate the pressure medium on slurry and top on the paddle, and by the variable-frequency motor driven rotary, this motor links to each other with central processing system through magnetic driver in the paddle rotating shaft.
The simulation rock core is equipped with in said lower kettle inside, in the said simulation rock core leakage channel is arranged, and middle kettle cover bottom is connected with the simulation rock core through screw thread, realizes sealing.
Said lower kettle connects the liquid collecting jar, and the liquid collecting jar is connected with electronic balance, and electronic balance links to each other with central processing system.In order to cool off the high-temp liquid that comes out from lower kettle, the liquid collecting jar also is connected with condensing apparatus.
Said upper kettle, lower kettle connect upper kettle rupture disk, lower kettle rupture disk respectively, and pressure duct is equipped with rupture disk, are used for protecting whole extra high voltage system and operating personnel's safety.
Said central processing system connects data presentation system.
Magnetic driver is equipped with on the kettle cover top of upper kettle of the present invention, and it is that the rotation of the inner paddle of kettle provides motive power with the rotation of linear velocity that magnetic driver interconnects realization through V-belt and variable-frequency motor, and last kettle cover is designed with the oil spilling observation panel; The upper kettle indoor design is similar with multiviscosisty slurry cup; The paddle rotating shaft links to each other with magnetic driver, and packing ring, diaphragm and gland are arranged between paddle and magnetic driver, and upper kettle links to each other with the pressure release pump with force (forcing) pump respectively with blowdown line through pressurized pipeline; Force (forcing) pump advances the oil of fuel tank the inside force (forcing) pump constantly upper kettle to be pressurizeed as pressure medium with oil through force (forcing) pump then through source of the gas; Experiment finish through the oil return pipeline and to the fuel tank exhaust the inner oil pressure oil sump tank of kettle, pressure sensor is positioned at and is used for testing the still internal pressure on the pressure duct, thermocouple directly inserts kettle inside; Pressure sensor is connected central processing system and shows with the picture and text form through display system with the thermocouple terminal; Be used for protecting whole extra high voltage system and operating personnel's safety, upper kettle and lower kettle are realized being communicated with or cutting off through the communicating valve of middle kettle cover, and middle kettle cover bottom is connected with the simulation rock core through screw thread; In simulation rock core outside is the realization that heats up, boosts through the water source; The spilling water observation panel is arranged at the lower kettle top, and lower kettle has force (forcing) pump and pressure sensor, also is connected with thermocouple and water source; Lower kettle also is connected with the pressure release pump; Also be connected with the liquid collecting jar, when the communicating valve between kettle was opened, the slurry of upper kettle gets into the crack, bottom through communicating valve and discharges respective volume under the effect of pressure reduction water was to the liquid collecting jar; Collect the beaker that the back gets into electronic balance at the liquid collecting jar, electronic balance directly links to each other with central processing system.
Among the present invention; The pit shaft simulator adopts heater, force (forcing) pump and pressure release pump by upper kettle and links to each other with central processing system through upper kettle pressure sensor, upper kettle thermocouple; Completion is gathered, transmits, is controlled data; It is 200 ℃ that upper kettle uses maximum temperature, and pressure is 120MPa, is used for simulating different well and deep drilling well working solutions by the change procedure of well to leakage stratum flow process temperature and pressure.
Among the present invention; Be equipped with upper kettle inside has packing ring on paddle and the paddle, diaphragm, gland to be to separate the pressure medium on slurry and top; The paddle rotating shaft connects magnetic driver and variable-frequency motor, is used for simulating different well and deep drilling well working solutions in the variation of well to leakage stratum flow process fluidised form.
Among the present invention; The stratum simulator adopts heater, force (forcing) pump, pressure release pump by lower kettle and is connected through lower kettle pressure sensor, lower kettle thermocouple and central processing system; Using maximum temperature in this system's design is 200 ℃; Pressure 120MPa simulates the leakage interval ground environment of different well depths and type and lets stifled slurry carry out the later stage maintenance at this.
Among the present invention; The stratum simulator the pressure release pump guaranteed when the high-pressure fluid of upper kettle gets into the stratum simulator simulated formation pressure release under high pressure and collected the liquid of missing through the liquid collecting jar; Under the liquid collecting jar, have electronic balance to link to each other with central processing system, simulate bore in the drilling process at the scene open the leakiness stratum in well effectively head of liquid be higher than formation fracture pressure and crush the situation that the drilling well working solution that causes on the stratum is missed under HTHP.
Among the present invention, the condensing apparatus that links to each other with the liquid collecting jar is used for the high temperature, high pressure liquid that is higher than 100 ℃ is collected.
Among the present invention, pit shaft simulator upper kettle and stratum simulator lower kettle are realized opening and closing through communicating valve, and simulation wellbore hole is in two different HTHP systems respectively with the stratum before leakage, when leakage, are in two pressure reduction under the HTHP.Upper kettle and lower kettle be through the coaxial rotation of rotary main shaft, with the dissimilar leakage situation of well under different operating modes such as the leakage channel of simulating different bearing of trends and horizontal well, extended reach well, directional wells.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention can be in indoor effective simulate formation temperature (200 ℃ of maximum operation (service) temperatures), pressure (the highest use 120MPa) and slurry flow regime under the different rate of pumpings in pit shaft; Crack to former prolongs, and after experiment finishes, can take direct observation plugging effect apart, and rock core has been designed hole fracture medium model and different pore throat ratio and different bearing of trends; Maintenance in early stage before the leakage in the pit shaft simulator is in separately independently temperature, control pressurer system with the later stage maintenance of missing in the simulator of stratum, back; Before changing the instrument slurry tube be interconnected with the simulation rock core and can only realize the positive differential pressure situation can not simulation wellbore hole in the situation of appearance of negative pressure reduction, can effectively simulate since in the pit shaft slurry effective pressure be higher than the leakage situation of stratum under high temperature, high pressure that the stratum bearing capacity causes; Instrument integral body can be rotated, and reaches different bearing of trends and the straight well of leakage channel in the stratum, inclined shaft, the simulation of the hole condition that horizontal well etc. are dissimilar; And logarithm is executed real-time collection factually, makes things convenient for next step effective analysis.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is upper kettle of the present invention, lower kettle assembling sketch map;
Fig. 3 is a upper kettle internal construction sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a lower kettle internal construction sketch map of the present invention.
Among the figure:
1, source of the gas, 2, the fuel tank admission valve, 3, fuel tank ventilation valve, 4, fuel tank, 5, inlet valve, 6, oil return valve, 7, lower kettle pressure release pump; 8, spilling water observation panel, 9, upper kettle, 10, go up kettle cover, 11, upper kettle pressure release pump, 12, condensing apparatus, 13, the liquid collecting jar; 14, electronic balance, 15, following kettle cover, 16, the lower kettle heater, 17, lower kettle, 18, middle kettle cover, 19, the upper kettle heater; 20, magnetic driver, 21, the oil spilling observation panel, 22, variable-frequency motor, 23, the upper kettle rupture disk, 24, the upper kettle pressure sensor, 25, the upper kettle thermocouple; 26, lower kettle pressure sensor, 27, the lower kettle thermocouple, 28, the water source, 29, the lower kettle rupture disk, 30, the lower kettle force (forcing) pump, 31, the upper kettle force (forcing) pump; 32, oil return source of the gas, 33, data presentation system, 34, central processing system, 35, communicating valve, 36, rotary main shaft, 37, the paddle rotating shaft; 38, gland, 39, diaphragm, 40, packing ring, 41, paddle, 42, the simulation rock core, 43, leakage channel
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.
HTHP leakage stratum simulation shutoff testing arrangement; Mainly form by source of the gas 1, fuel tank 4, upper kettle 9, lower kettle 17, water source 28, magnetic driver 20, variable-frequency motor 22, central processing system 34, data presentation system 33, liquid collecting jar 13; It is characterized in that; Said upper kettle 9 has last kettle cover 10, upper kettle heater 19, and lower kettle 17 has following kettle cover 15, lower kettle heater 16, and middle kettle cover 18 and communicating valve 35 are arranged between upper kettle and the lower kettle; Said upper kettle connects fuel tank 4 and is provided with oil spilling observation panel 21 through inlet valve 5; Fuel tank 4 connects source of the gas 1 through fuel tank admission valve 2; Fuel tank is connected with fuel tank ventilation valve 3, and upper kettle is connected with oil return valve 6 and oil return source of the gas 32, and said upper kettle had both connected upper kettle force (forcing) pump 31, upper kettle pressure release pump 11 respectively; Connect upper kettle pressure sensor 24 and upper kettle thermocouple 25 again respectively, this pressure sensor, thermocouple link to each other with central processing system 34; Said lower kettle connects water source 28 and is provided with spilling water observation panel 8; Said lower kettle had both connected lower kettle force (forcing) pump 30, lower kettle pressure release pump 7 respectively; Connect lower kettle pressure sensor 26 and lower kettle thermocouple 27 again respectively, this pressure sensor, thermocouple link to each other with central processing system 34; There is paddle 41 said upper kettle inside, and by variable-frequency motor 22 driven rotary, this motor links to each other with central processing system 34 through magnetic driver 20 in paddle rotating shaft 37; Said lower kettle connects condensing apparatus 12 and liquid collecting jar 13, and the liquid collecting jar is connected with electronic balance 14, and electronic balance links to each other with central processing system 34; Said central processing system connects data presentation system 33.
Said upper kettle, lower kettle connect upper kettle rupture disk 23, lower kettle rupture disk 29 respectively.
Referring to Fig. 2.
Referring to Fig. 3.
Slurry and paddle 41 are equipped with in said upper kettle inside, packing ring 40, diaphragm 39 and gland 38 are arranged successively to separate the pressure medium on slurry and top on the paddle, and paddle rotating shaft 37 is passed through magnetic driver by the variable-frequency motor driven rotary.
Referring to Fig. 4.
Assemble rock core during experiment and use the screw thread seamless link, put into lower kettle, close communicating valve, install upper kettle with middle kettle cover; Put into paddle and fall to starch, install packing ring, diaphragm and gland, last kettle cover connects motor, opens source of the gas constantly to the fuel tank air inlet; Go into upper kettle to the oil pressure of fuel tank, till the oil spilling observation panel has oil spill to go out, closed the valve of overfall, constantly supply water simultaneously to lower kettle; Till overfall gap has water to overflow, closed the valve of overfall gap, at central data processing system temperature and pressure is provided with; Open the upper kettle force (forcing) pump, lower kettle force (forcing) pump, upper kettle heater; The lower kettle heater, upper kettle relief valve, lower kettle relief valve; Let slurry carry out the maintenance in early stage, constantly get into lower kettle under the situation of slurry that kettle cover is good by maintenance in the middle of opening after the cured, have isopyknic slurry constantly to flow out in the lower kettle simultaneously from the liquid collecting jar at pressure reduction at upper kettle; Constantly descend owing to the slurry outflow pressure in the upper kettle, the continuous ftercompction of upper kettle force (forcing) pump simultaneously, the pressure on top will go up till reaching setting pressure to some extent if slurry can bear certain pressure in leakage channel; After blocking; Turn off communicating valve; Clean upper kettle, and the slurry in the lower kettle rock core is carried out maintenance, behind certain hour, just lower kettle is carried out pressure testing fill it up with fracturing fluid at upper kettle at curing time; Investigate the stifled variation of having starched the bearing capacity after the structure of different time sections chemistry; To such an extent as to if slurry can not pressure-resistant in the crack with the pressure balance of upper kettle the upper kettle force (forcing) pump will constantly suppress, the liquid that lower kettle pressure release pump gets into upper kettle after surpassing the stratum bearing capacity of setting flows out, and till the stifled slurry in top has leaked, tests end; Thereby filter out satisfactory loss circulation material and system.
Claims (5)
1. the shutoff testing arrangement is simulated on HTHP leakage stratum; Mainly form by source of the gas (1), fuel tank (4), upper kettle (9), lower kettle (17), water source (28), magnetic driver (20), variable-frequency motor (22), central processing system (34), data presentation system (33), liquid collecting jar (13); It is characterized in that; Said upper kettle (9) has last kettle cover (10), upper kettle heater (19); Lower kettle (17) has following kettle cover (15), lower kettle heater (16), and middle kettle cover (18) and communicating valve (35) are arranged between upper kettle and the lower kettle; Said upper kettle connects fuel tank (4) and source of the gas (1) and is provided with oil spilling observation panel (21); Upper kettle is connected with oil return valve (6) and oil return source of the gas (32); Said upper kettle had both connected upper kettle force (forcing) pump (31), upper kettle pressure release pump (11) respectively; Connect upper kettle pressure sensor (24) and upper kettle thermocouple (25) again respectively, this pressure sensor, thermocouple link to each other with central processing system (34); Said lower kettle connects water source (28) and is provided with spilling water observation panel (8); Said lower kettle had both connected lower kettle force (forcing) pump (30), lower kettle pressure release pump (7) respectively; Connect lower kettle pressure sensor (26) and lower kettle thermocouple (27) again respectively, this pressure sensor, thermocouple link to each other with central processing system (34); There is paddle (41) said upper kettle inside, and by variable-frequency motor (22) driven rotary, this motor links to each other with central processing system (34) through magnetic driver (20) in paddle rotating shaft (37); There is simulation rock core (42) said lower kettle inside, and said simulation rock core has leakage channel (43), and middle kettle cover (18) is connected with simulation rock core (42) through screw thread; Said lower kettle connects liquid collecting jar (13) and electronic balance (14), and electronic balance links to each other with central processing system (34); Said central processing system connects data presentation system (33).
2. simulation shutoff testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said upper kettle, lower kettle connect upper kettle rupture disk (23), lower kettle rupture disk (29) respectively.
3. simulation shutoff testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said liquid collecting jar is connected with condensing apparatus (12).
4. simulation shutoff testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, middle kettle cover (18) is arranged between upper kettle and the lower kettle, and through the coaxial rotation of rotary main shaft (36).
5. simulation shutoff testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that there is paddle (41) said upper kettle inside, packing ring (40), diaphragm (39) and gland (38) is arranged successively to separate the pressure medium on slurry and top on the paddle.
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