CN102515400A - High-efficiency treatment method of ballast water in ship - Google Patents
High-efficiency treatment method of ballast water in ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN102515400A CN102515400A CN2011104324932A CN201110432493A CN102515400A CN 102515400 A CN102515400 A CN 102515400A CN 2011104324932 A CN2011104324932 A CN 2011104324932A CN 201110432493 A CN201110432493 A CN 201110432493A CN 102515400 A CN102515400 A CN 102515400A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency treatment method of ballast water in a ship and a device adopting the high-efficiency treatment method. The high-efficiency treatment method of ballast water in a ship comprises the following steps of 1, removing planktonts and suspended particles in ballast water by a high-efficiency filter, wherein the removed planktonts and the suspended particles have sizes of above 30 to 40 micrometers; 2, based on a branch electrolysis-based inactivation treatment technology, electrolyzing a part of seawater passing through an electrolysis unit into chlorine and hydrogen by the electrolysis unit, wherein the chlorine is fast dissolved in seawater to form sodium hypochlorite, and 3, feeding back the high-concentration sodium hypochlorite solution obtained by the step 2 to a ballast water feeding header pipe so that residual harmful aquatic organisms in the ballast water are killed. The high-efficiency treatment method of ballast water in a ship has the advantages that a technology of high efficiency filtration and branch electrolysis-based inactivation treatment and the equipment suitable for the technology are adopted; a technical flow is simple; a system volume is small; compared with the existing system, the device adopting the high-efficiency treatment method has a floor space reduced by above 30%; because of the utilization of branch electrolysis, a hydrogen generation amount is low so that hydrogen can be removed completely; a potential safety hazard is eliminated; installation is convenient; and safety and reliability are high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ballast for cruising water technology, specifically is a kind of efficient cruising ballast water treatment process.
Background technology
Along with the continuous quickening of global economic integration progress, the international logistics industry increases rapidly, and ship is a ring important in the global logistics chain, and according to statistics, the goods in the international trade more than 80% is transported through boats and ships.In the ship's navigation process, ballast is a kind of inevitable state, and boats and ships are when installing water ballast additional, and local aquatic organism also is loaded in the ballast tank thereupon, behind Completion of the Adventure, arrives the marine site, point of destination with discharge of ballast water.Water ballast follow boats and ships from a ground to its ground, thereby caused the propagation of unwanted aquatic organism and pathogenic agent.It is estimated that at present the annual water ballast in the whole world has more than 100 hundred million tons, expects 2013, double along with carriage of goods by sea amount, the ballast for cruising water yield also will reach present twice.The nothing control discharging of water ballast may work the mischief to the ecosystem, social economy and the public health of this locality.Whole world environmental protection foundation (GEF) introduces new environment to boats and ships through water ballast with harmful organism and it is exerted an influence one of four big harm of classifying as the ocean.
For effectively controlling and prevent ballast water for ship propagation unwanted aquatic organism and pathogenic agent, International Maritime Organizaton (IMO) passed through " ballast water for ship and settling control and management international convention " in 2004." pact " stipulates that all oceangoing vessels must install the Ballast Management system as per the schedule, and existing vessel is reviewed enforcement." pact " to the processing standard of water ballast, kind and the quantity of can survive biological size and quantity, pathogenic agent mikrobe make explicit provisions (being the D-2 standard).The ballast water treatment standard stricter more than D-2 standard then formulated in California, USA and New York, and than strict 1000 times of D-2 standard, all boats and ships to its harbour will be asked to meet its strict more ballast water treatment standard.
At present, to existing a large amount of research and the reports of ballast for cruising water technology, its technological method that adopts usually mainly contains: electrolytic process, ultraviolet irradiation, ozone method etc.The subject matter of ultraviolet ray method is: (1) penetration performance is poor, contains the irradiation of a large amount of suspended matter meeting shielding of ultraviolet to biological and pathogenic agent in the water, influences treatment effect; (2) depend on biological size and form to a great extent; Like the reason of marine alga owing to its size and color; The dosage of needs is bigger than bacterium, and bluish-green marine alga kills quantity big 2～3 one magnitude of the radiation quantity of its needs than the killing bacteria needs to ultraviolet resistivity extra-heavy; (3) some mikrobe has repairing effect, can from UV treatment, recover, and some plant planktons are also similar.The shortcoming of ozone method is: (1) occupation area of equipment is bigger, installs restricted on the ship; (2) ozonize seawater can produce objectionable impuritiess such as bromate, may produce secondary pollution.Though electrolytic process equipment is complicated,, be up-and-coming a kind of technology from treatment effect with to the influence of environment.
Many both at home and abroad manufacturers have developed electrolytic process ballast for cruising water technology, and the technological approaches that the company that has adopts is " in a line style ", i.e. whole water ballasts electrolyzer of all flowing through, and before electrolysis, do not take filtration treatment; The company that has has adopted " branch road electrolysis " mode, before electrolysis, taked filtration treatment, but the water quality treatment index does not still reach the D-2 standard, has therefore increased UW, cavity or deoxygenation technology again.
See that from treatment effect domestic and international most technology can only reach the D-2 standard of International Maritime Organizaton.Also do not reach the ballast water treatment water-quality guideline of California, USA and New York subordinate phase.Have only a spot of technological expectation can reach the California, USA of strictness more and the standard of New York subordinate phase.
The requirement of the D-2 standard of International Maritime Organizaton is following:
(1) planktonic organism:
Minimum size is less than 10 more than or equal to 50 microns survived in biology in every cubic metre; Minimum size is less than 50 microns but be less than 10 more than or equal to 10 microns survived in biology in every milliliter.And the discharging of target microorganism should not surpass following standard:
(2) target microorganism should include but not limited to:
A. poisonous vibrio cholerae (01 and 039): be less than per 100 milliliters 1 colony-forming unit (cfu) or be less than 1 cfu of each gram (weight in wet base) zooplankton sample;
B. intestinal bacteria: be less than per 100 milliliters of 250 cfu;
C. enterococcus bacteria: be less than per 100 milliliters of 100 cfu.
The ballast water treatment water-quality guideline of California, USA and New York subordinate phase is following:
(1) planktonic organism:
Minimum size is less than 1 more than or equal to 50 microns survived in biology in per 100 cubic metres; Minimum size is less than 50 microns but be less than 1 more than or equal to 10 microns survived in biology in per 100 milliliters.And:
(2) target microorganism should include but not limited to:
A. number of bacteria is less than 10 in per 100 milliliters
3Individual, the quantity of virus is less than 10
4Individual;
B. poisonous vibrio cholerae (01 and 039): be less than per 100 milliliters 1 colony-forming unit (cfu) or be less than 1 cfu of each gram (weight in wet base) zooplankton sample;
C. intestinal bacteria: be less than per 100 milliliters of 126 cfu;
D. enterococcus bacteria: be less than per 100 milliliters of 33 cfu.
There are a lot of weak points in existing electrolytic process ballast for cruising water technology: for " in line style " electrolytic process ballast for cruising water technology; Its defective is: owing to need the water ballast electrolyzer of all flowing through; Require the electrolyzer volume inevitable very big; Especially for large ship, the ballast water yield often reaches several ten thousand tons even 100,000 tons, and the flow of water ballast possibly surpass 4000m
3/ h, the volume of entire equipment will be very huge like this, and it is difficult aboard ship installing.Owing to do not adopt the filtration pre-treatment, the impurity in the water can wash away battery lead plate, causes battery lead plate early failure.And, owing to need kill some larger-size biologies, needing higher Youxiaolin concentration, the direct result of bringing is exactly that equipment running cost increases, and also can have a negative impact to ocean environment.Even more serious is, owing to adopt the mode of " flowing through entirely ", makes the hydrogen that produces in the electrolytic process be difficult to remove, and brings hidden danger to ship security.
For more existing " branch road electrolysis " technology; Having adopted the filtration pre-treatment is a progress, still, reaches the D-2 standard for making the processing index; Supplementary meanss such as UW, cavity or deoxygenation technology have been added again; Increased volume, the energy consumption of equipment, made equipment become complicated, very difficulty aboard ship has been installed.
See that from the water quality treatment index of prior art most of technology can only reach the D-2 standard of International Maritime Organizaton.Also do not reach the ballast water treatment water-quality guideline of California, USA and New York subordinate phase, have only a spot of technological expectation can reach the standard of California, USA and New York subordinate phase.Therefore, to a great extent limit the range of application of system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly the shortcoming that will overcome existing electrolytic process ballast for cruising water technology; A kind of efficient cruising ballast water treatment process is provided; Adopted simply, ballast water treatment technological approaches efficiently, make equipment principle and treatment scheme simple, easy for installation; And can reach the standard of California, USA and New York subordinate phase, be a kind of simply, cruising ballast water treatment process efficiently.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of efficient cruising ballast water treatment process, it is characterized in that, and at first remove and be of a size of 30～40 μ m above planktonic organism and suspended particle in the water ballast through the high efficiency filter step; Then through branch road electrolytic process inactivation treatment step; Get the electrolysis cells electrolysis of flowing through of a part of seawater and generate chlorine and hydrogen; Chlorine is dissolved in seawater rapidly and generates Youxiaolin, the chlorine bleach liquor of high density is recycled in the water ballast water inlet manifold, to kill unwanted aquatic organism remaining in the water ballast.
Described high efficiency filter step is: adopting filtering accuracy is the automatic backwashing filter of 30～40 μ m, removes to be of a size of 30～40 μ m above planktonic organism and suspended particle.
Described strainer adopts disc type or screen filter, and filter screen adopts duplex stainless steel or other seawater corrosion resistance material; Automatic backwashing filter is installed in the exit of ballast pump, and the rated flow of automatic backwashing filter should be complementary with the flow of water ballast.
Described branch road electrolytic process inactivation treatment step is: when installing water ballast additional; From water inlet manifold, get a part of seawater with topping-up pump; The electrolyzer of flowing through, electrolyzer leads to a low-voltage DC, the oxidation on anode of the cl ions in the seawater; Generate chlorine, chlorine is dissolved in seawater rapidly and generates Youxiaolin; Simultaneously, hydrogen ion reduces on negative electrode and generates hydrogen; The chlorine bleach liquor of high density and hydrogen flow in the dehydrogenation jar together, remove hydrogen; The chlorine bleach liquor of high density is recycled in the water ballast water inlet manifold, after mixing, makes the Youxiaolin concentration in the water inlet manifold reach 10～15mg/L, kills remaining unwanted aquatic organism.
The electrolyzer part of flowing through seawater accounts for the 1%-2% of water ballast total amount.
A kind of device of implementing described efficient cruising ballast water treatment process; Comprise ballast pump and be connected the water ballast main line between its outlet and the water ballast tank; The inlet of ballast pump is connected with Sea Chest, it is characterized in that, on the water ballast main line in the exit of described ballast pump, automatic backwashing filter is installed; Get a part of seawater at the branch road in automatic backwashing filter exit with topping-up pump and introduce electrolyzer; Sodium hypochlorite solution with high concentration and hydrogen that electrolytic tank electrolysis produces are transported in the dehydrogenation jar together, and hydrogen is separated in the dehydrogenation jar, upwards discharges outboard; And the chlorine bleach liquor of high density is recycled in the water ballast main line again; Youxiaolin concentration in the water is measured with the chlorine residue analyser, and measurement signal is controlled the working current of electrolyzer through ECU, and then reaches the purpose of control Youxiaolin concentration.
Described automatic backwashing filter adopts disc type or screen filter, and the filter screen of screen filter adopts duplex stainless steel or other seawater corrosion resistance material; Automatic backwashing filter is installed in the exit of ballast pump, and the rated flow of automatic backwashing filter should be complementary with the flow of water ballast.
Advantage of the present invention is: adopt " high efficiency filter+branch road electrolytic process inactivation treatment " method, operational path is simple, and system bulk is little, and floor space is saved more than 30% than existing system.Owing to be the branch road electrolysis, the hydrogen growing amount is less, can hydrogen all be removed, and has eliminated potential safety hazard, and easy for installation, is a kind of safe and reliable cruising ballast water treatment process.
See from treatment effect; Through experimental verification; Method of the present invention can all be killed the aquatic organism in the water ballast, and the survived biomass of residual various size is zero, not only satisfies the D-2 standard of International Maritime Organizaton; And satisfy the ballast water treatment standard of California, USA and New York subordinate phase, and can satisfy the water quality treatment index of in the future possible requirements at the higher level.It is a kind of simple, efficient, economic, reliable, practical ballast for cruising water technology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is overall formation of the present invention and process flow diagram.
Mark among the figure: 1, automatic backwashing filter; 2, ballast pump; 3, Sea Chest; 4, topping-up pump; 5, electrolyzer; 6, dehydrogenation jar; 7, water ballast main line; 8, chlorine residue analyser; 9, ECU; 10, water ballast tank; 11, hull.
Embodiment
The present invention includes following high efficiency filter and two steps of branch road electrolytic process inactivation treatment:
1, high efficiency filter: adopting filtering accuracy is the automatic backwashing filter of 30～40 μ m, removes earlier to be of a size of 30～40 μ m above planktonic organism and suspended particle.Strainer can adopt disc type or screen filter, and filter screen should adopt duplex stainless steel or other seawater corrosion resistance material.Automatic backwashing filter is installed in the exit of ballast pump, and rated flow should be complementary with the flow of water ballast.
2, branch road electrolytic process inactivation treatment: when installing water ballast additional; From water inlet manifold, get a part of seawater with topping-up pump; The electrolysis cells (electrolyzer) of flowing through, electrolyzer leads to a low-voltage DC, the oxidation on anode of the cl ions in the seawater; Generate chlorine, chlorine is dissolved in seawater rapidly and generates Youxiaolin.Simultaneously, hydrogen ion reduces on negative electrode and generates hydrogen.The chlorine bleach liquor of high density and hydrogen flow in the dehydrogenation jar together, remove hydrogen.The chlorine bleach liquor of high density is recycled in the water ballast water inlet manifold, after mixing, makes the Youxiaolin concentration in the water inlet manifold reach 10～15mg/L, to kill remaining unwanted aquatic organism.
Treatment unit of the present invention comprises ballast pump 2 and is connected the water ballast main line 7 between its outlet and the water ballast tank 10 that the inlet of ballast pump 2 is connected with Sea Chest 3 referring to Fig. 1.Automatic backwashing filter 1 is installed on the water ballast main line 7 in the exit of ballast pump 2; Get a part of seawater at the branch road in automatic backwashing filter 1 exit with topping-up pump 4 and introduce electrolyzer 5; Sodium hypochlorite solution with high concentration and hydrogen that electrolyzer 5 electrolysis produce are transported in the dehydrogenation jar 6 together; Hydrogen is separated in dehydrogenation jar 6, upwards discharges outboard; And the chlorine bleach liquor of high density is recycled in the water ballast main line 7 again; Youxiaolin concentration in the water is measured with chlorine residue analyser 8, and measurement signal is controlled the working current of electrolyzers 5 through ECU 9, and then reaches the purpose of control Youxiaolin concentration.
Described automatic backwashing filter 1 adopts disc type or screen filter, and the filter screen of screen filter adopts duplex stainless steel or other seawater corrosion resistance material.Automatic backwashing filter 1 is installed in the exit of ballast pump 2, and the rated flow of automatic backwashing filter 1 should be complementary with the flow of water ballast.
Workflow is: when boats and ships installed water ballast additional, seawater got into from Sea Chest 3, behind ballast pump 2 and automatic backwashing filter 1; Getting a part of seawater (account for water ballast total amount 1%～2%) with topping-up pump 4 gets into electrolyzer 5 and carries out electrolysis; Sodium hypochlorite solution with high concentration and hydrogen that electrolysis produces flow in the dehydrogenation jar 6 together, and hydrogen is separated in dehydrogenation jar 6, upwards discharges outboard; And the chlorine bleach liquor of high density is recycled in the water ballast main line 7 again; After mixing, make the Youxiaolin concentration in the water inlet manifold reach 10～15mg/L, to kill remaining unwanted aquatic organism.
Youxiaolin concentration in the water is measured with chlorine residue analyser 8; Measurement signal is transferred in the ECU 9 as the reference signal of controlling; The present invention has designed a degenerative system, reaches the purpose of control Youxiaolin concentration through the outward current of adjustment ECU 9.
The present invention compared with prior art, operational path is simple, principle of work is safe and reliable; It is convenient to implement; Treatment effect is good, can the unwanted aquatic organism in the water ballast all be killed, and not only satisfies the D-2 standard of International Maritime Organizaton; And satisfy the ballast water treatment standard of California, USA and New York subordinate phase, and can satisfy the water quality treatment index of in the future possible requirements at the higher level.
The present invention handles water ballast respectively according to following three practical implementation parameters, according to internationally recognized testing method the biomass in the water ballast before and after handling is analyzed, and the result sees table 1.
Embodiment 1:Elder generation's employing filtering accuracy is that the automatic backwashing filter of 30 μ m filters, and the 10mg/L Youxiaolin that produces with electrolysis again carries out deactivation.
Embodiment 2:Elder generation's employing filtering accuracy is that the automatic backwashing filter of 40 μ m filters, and the 15mg/L Youxiaolin that produces with electrolysis again carries out deactivation.
Embodiment 3:Elder generation's employing filtering accuracy is that the automatic backwashing filter of 35 μ m filters, and the 12mg/L Youxiaolin that produces with electrolysis again carries out deactivation.
The ballast water treatment effect of three embodiment of table 1
The present invention overcomes the shortcoming that exists in the existing ship ballast water treatment technology, has adopted the treatment process of a kind of " high efficiency filter+branch road electrolytic process inactivation treatment ".Present method operational path is simple, and system bulk is little, and floor space is saved more than 30% than existing system.Owing to be the branch road electrolysis, can hydrogen all be removed, eliminated potential safety hazard, and easy for installation.Experimental verification; Method of the present invention can all be killed the aquatic organism in the water ballast; The survived biomass of residual various size is zero; Not only satisfy the D-2 standard of International Maritime Organizaton, and satisfy the ballast water treatment standard of California, USA and New York subordinate phase, and can satisfy the water quality treatment index of in the future possible requirements at the higher level.
Claims (6)
1. an efficient cruising ballast water treatment process is characterized in that, at first removes through the high efficiency filter step and is of a size of 30～40 μ m above planktonic organism and suspended particle in the water ballast; Then through branch road electrolytic process inactivation treatment step; Get the electrolysis cells electrolysis of flowing through of a part of seawater and generate chlorine and hydrogen; Chlorine is dissolved in seawater rapidly and generates Youxiaolin, the chlorine bleach liquor of high density is recycled in the water ballast water inlet manifold, to kill unwanted aquatic organism remaining in the water ballast.
2. efficient cruising ballast water treatment process according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described high efficiency filter step is: adopting filtering accuracy is the automatic backwashing filter of 30～40 μ m, removes to be of a size of 30～40 μ m above planktonic organism and suspended particle.
3. efficient cruising ballast water treatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described branch road electrolytic process inactivation treatment step is: when installing water ballast additional; From water inlet manifold, get a part of seawater with topping-up pump; The electrolyzer of flowing through, electrolyzer leads to a low-voltage DC, the oxidation on anode of the cl ions in the seawater; Generate chlorine, chlorine is dissolved in seawater rapidly and generates Youxiaolin; Simultaneously, hydrogen ion reduces on negative electrode and generates hydrogen; The chlorine bleach liquor of high density and hydrogen flow in the dehydrogenation jar together, remove hydrogen; The chlorine bleach liquor of high density is recycled in the water ballast water inlet manifold, after mixing, makes the Youxiaolin concentration in the water inlet manifold reach 10～15mg/L, kills remaining unwanted aquatic organism.
4. efficient cruising ballast water treatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the electrolyzer part of flowing through seawater accounts for the 1%-2% of water ballast total amount.
5. device of implementing described efficient cruising ballast water treatment process; Comprise ballast pump (2) and be connected the water ballast main line (7) between its outlet and the water ballast tank (10); The inlet of ballast pump (2) is connected with Sea Chest (3); It is characterized in that; Go up at the water ballast main line (7) in the exit of described ballast pump (2) automatic backwashing filter (1) is installed, get a part of seawater at the branch road in automatic backwashing filter (1) exit with topping-up pump (4) and introduce electrolyzer (5), the sodium hypochlorite solution with high concentration and the hydrogen of electrolyzer (5) electrolysis generation are transported in the dehydrogenation jar (6) together; Hydrogen is separated in dehydrogenation jar (6), upwards discharges outboard; And the chlorine bleach liquor of high density is recycled in the water ballast main line (7) again; Youxiaolin concentration in the water is measured with chlorine residue analyser (8), and measurement signal is controlled the working current of electrolyzer (5) through ECU (9), and then reaches the purpose of control Youxiaolin concentration.
6. efficient cruising ballast water treatment process according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described automatic backwashing filter (1) adopts disc type or screen filter, and the filter screen of screen filter adopts duplex stainless steel or other seawater corrosion resistance material; Automatic backwashing filter (1) is installed in the exit of ballast pump, and the rated flow of automatic backwashing filter (1) should be complementary with the flow of water ballast.
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