CN102774938A - Device for treating living creatures in ship ballast water by utilizing sinusoidal pulse electric field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for treating living organisms in ship ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field. The device comprises: a sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply, an oscilloscope, a treatment chamber, a heating component, a peristaltic pump, a liquid storage tank and a liquid collection tank; the oscilloscope Electrically connected to a sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply for recording pulse voltage and pulse current; the processing chamber is electrically connected to a sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply, and the processing chamber is equipped with electrodes. When the sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply is started, a sinusoidal pulse high voltage is applied between the electrodes , to generate a strong sinusoidal pulse electric field; the peristaltic pump is set between the liquid storage tank and the heating part, and is used to transport the liquid in the liquid storage tank to the processing chamber for high-pressure treatment after being heat-treated by the heating part through the liquid inlet pipe; the processing chamber Through the liquid outlet pipeline, the liquid after high pressure treatment is transferred to the untreated liquid through heat exchange, and then transported to the liquid collection tank. The device provided by the invention has the characteristics of short processing time, high efficiency, no secondary pollution, and environmental friendliness.

Description

Device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using sinusoidal pulsed electric field

technical field

The invention relates to the field of ship ballast water treatment, in particular to a device for treating living organisms in ship ballast water by a sinusoidal pulse electric field.

Background technique

With the continuous acceleration of the global economic integration process, the international logistics industry is also growing rapidly, and shipping is an important part of the global logistics chain. According to statistics, more than 90% of goods in international trade are transshipped by ships. During the voyage of ocean-going ships, ballast is an inevitable state. While the ship is adding ballast water. Local aquatic organisms are also loaded into the ballast tanks, until the voyage is completed and discharged to the destination sea area with the ballast water. Among them, a very small number of organisms will reproduce on a large scale in foreign regions due to suitable environment and lack of natural enemies, causing harmful aquatic organisms to breed and pathogens to spread, destroying the ecological balance of organisms in different sea areas, and seriously threatening the marine environment. There are too many marine ecological damage accidents caused by ship ballast water, and the Global Environmental Fund (GEF) lists it as one of the four major hazards of the ocean. Therefore, the living organisms in the ballast water should be treated before being discharged, and the treated ballast water should meet the ballast water discharge standard proposed by IMO.

At present, the inactivation treatment of microorganisms in ship ballast water is a difficult problem faced by the shipping industry. Many treatment technologies are difficult to fully meet the safety, practical, economical, effective and environmentally acceptable standards proposed by IMO. According to its principle, the existing ballast water treatment technology can be divided into two types: physical treatment and chemical treatment. The specific conditions are as follows:

Physical treatment methods are to separate, eliminate or kill harmful organisms and substances in seawater through different means, the main means include filtration, centrifugal separation, heating, ultraviolet light, etc.

filter method. Filtration is a treatment method that filters out a certain volume of microorganisms or other pollutants in seawater through a filter device. The filtration method can directly filter out some foreign organisms, and different biological populations can be removed by selecting a suitable mesh. The problem with the filtration method is that the smallest of viruses and bacteria is only 0.02 μm and 0.1 μm, the smallest of protozoa is 2 μm, and the smallest of dinoflagellate is 3 μm. The more meshes of the filter, the greater the pressure required for filtration. And it needs to be backwashed soon, otherwise, the filtration cannot continue. In fact seawater, especially coastal ballast water itself contains a lot of suspended matter, which makes filtration more difficult. Therefore, this method is usually used for pre-treatment of ballast water to reduce the burden of subsequent treatment.

centrifugation. Centrifugal separation is a method that uses rotating parts to separate components of different densities in seawater to remove particles and organisms whose specific gravity is different from that of seawater. This method removes most multicellular animals and plants, eggs, larvae, spores and harmful pathogenic bacteria. However, when dealing with organisms with a specific gravity similar to that of seawater, the treatment effect is limited; in addition, the size of the equipment is large and requires a high installation space, especially when the treatment volume is large, the installation of the equipment on the ship is extremely difficult.

Heating method. According to the latest research, 40°C-45°C is usually enough to kill or inhibit harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water. Low temperature for long periods of time is more effective than high temperature for short periods of time. The temperature is 38°C-50°C, and the heating duration is 2-4 hours, which can kill most organisms, but if the organisms exist in the form of dormant spores, a higher temperature may be required, and it is difficult to achieve the effect of killing . The main problems in the implementation of heating treatment on board are: insufficient heat source, thermal stress and poor treatment effect in winter.

UV method. The wavelength is 240-260nm, especially the ultraviolet light of 253.7nm has the effect of killing organisms and pathogens in ballast water. This method is currently adopted by many ballast water treatment systems, showing that this method can effectively inactivate living microorganisms in ballast water. The main problem in the application of this method is that the coastal water contains a large amount of suspended matter that will block the ultraviolet rays from the organisms and pathogens, and the dissolved organic matter contained in the water has a strong absorption effect on the 254nm ultraviolet rays, both of which will affect the treatment effect , and increase processing energy consumption. In addition, if the ballast water contains high iron content, it will be deposited on the quartz lamp tube, which will also affect the treatment effect. UV treatment is largely dependent on the size and morphology of the microorganisms. Seaweed, due to its size and color, requires a larger dose than bacteria, and blue-green seaweed is particularly resistant to UV rays, and the amount of radiation required to kill it is 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than the amount required to kill bacteria. Another disadvantage of this treatment method is that some smaller organisms may leave the UV treatment unit untreated in the shadow of larger organisms.

Chemical treatment is to kill harmful organisms through the action of drugs to eliminate or reduce the harm of ballast water to the environment. The main methods are as follows.

Chlorine or chloride treatment. Chlorine or chloride is a good bactericidal drug and is widely used as a water treatment agent on land. The experimental results show that 5 mg/l available chlorine can kill 99.85% of heterotrophic bacteria, 100% of Vibrio and 85.2% of fecal coliforms in seawater. 20mg/l available chlorine can kill almost all bacteria in seawater. The disadvantage of the chlorination method is that the residual chlorine may accelerate the corrosion of the bulkhead and emit chlorine odor, and the residual chlorine will also form potentially carcinogenic substances with organic matter in the water, which has potential secondary effects on the discharge water. pollute.

Ozone method. Ozone has a high killing effect on bacteria and viruses, and the amount of ozone used is small and the contact time is short, and no halogenation reaction occurs. However, because ozone is in a highly unstable state, it can only be prepared on-site, and the preparation efficiency is affected. Moreover, the investment cost of ozone disinfection equipment is higher than that of general disinfection methods. In addition, there are also problems such as relatively complicated ozone generating equipment and dosing devices, difficult adjustment of dosage, and high technical level for management and maintenance.

Chlorine dioxide treatment. Chlorine dioxide has a good disinfection effect as a disinfectant. Studies have confirmed that chlorine dioxide has a good killing effect on Escherichia coli, bacteria, spore viruses and algae. However, chlorine dioxide is explosive and easily decomposes into chlorine oxide and oxygen when exposed to light, so it needs to be prepared on site when used, and there are certain hidden dangers in safety. And the excess chlorine dioxide in the water will cause secondary pollution to the discharge water area.

In summary, the existing ballast water treatment methods of ships are difficult to fully meet the IMO standards, so it is necessary to develop a new ballast water treatment method, which has the advantages of short treatment time, low energy consumption, and no pollution. Etc.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the existing ballast water treatment method mentioned in the background technology, and use the sinusoidal high-voltage pulse electric field to treat the ship's ballast water, so as to shorten the treatment time, improve the treatment efficiency and be environmentally friendly the goal of.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field, the device comprising: a sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply, an oscilloscope, a treatment chamber, a heating unit, a peristaltic pump, a liquid storage tank and a collecting tank. liquid tank; wherein, the oscilloscope is electrically connected to a sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply for recording pulse voltage and pulse current; the processing chamber is electrically connected to a sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply, and the processing chamber is provided with electrodes. When the sinusoidal high-voltage After the pulse power supply, a sinusoidal pulse high voltage is applied between the electrodes to generate a sinusoidal pulse strong electric field; the peristaltic pump is arranged between the liquid storage tank and the heating part, and is used to pass the liquid in the liquid storage tank through the liquid inlet pipe through the heating part After heat treatment, it is transported to the treatment chamber for high-pressure treatment; the treatment chamber transports the liquid after high-pressure treatment to the heating component for heat exchange through the liquid outlet pipeline, and transfers the heat to the liquid to be treated in the liquid inlet pipeline, and then transports it to the liquid collection groove.

In the above-mentioned device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field, the heating component is preferably a water bath cabinet.

In the above-mentioned device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field, the part of the liquid inlet pipe located in the water bath cabinet is arranged in a spiral shape to facilitate effective heating.

The above-mentioned device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field, wherein the liquid inlet and outlet of the treatment chamber are respectively provided with temperature test probes, which can record the temperature changes before and after the sinusoidal pulse electric field treatment in time, and Control the temperature of the samples before processing.

In the above-mentioned device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field, a sampling port is further arranged on the liquid outlet pipeline.

The sinusoidal high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization technology is a new type of sterilization technology that applies sinusoidal high-voltage pulses to the materials between the electrodes to kill microorganisms in the materials. Its high-intensity electric field is formed by storing a large amount of energy from the high-voltage DC power supply through the capacitor bank, and then releasing it in the form of high-voltage pulses.

Moreover, the device of the present invention utilizes the liquid after high pressure treatment to exchange heat with the liquid to be treated in the heating part, which has the technical effect of reducing energy consumption and improving production efficiency.

Compared with the prior art, the device for treating living organisms in the ship's ballast water by using the sinusoidal pulse electric field provided by the invention has the characteristics of short processing time, high efficiency, no secondary pollution, and environmental friendliness.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a device for treating living organisms in ship ballast water using a sinusoidal pulse electric field according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a graph showing the inactivation rate of Akashiwa algae under the experimental conditions of Example 1.

Fig. 3 is a graph showing the inactivation rate of Akashiwa algae under the experimental conditions of Example 2.

Fig. 4 is a curve diagram of the inactivation rate of Isowan algae under the experimental conditions of Example 3.

Fig. 5 is a graph showing the inactivation rate of Isowan algae under the experimental conditions of Example 4.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiment of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:

As shown in Figure 1, it is a structural schematic diagram of a device for utilizing a sinusoidal pulse electric field to process living organisms in ship's ballast water according to the present invention. Pump 50, liquid storage tank 60 and liquid collection tank 70; wherein, the oscilloscope 20 is electrically connected to the sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply 10 for recording pulse voltage and pulse current; the described processing chamber 30 is electrically connected to the sinusoidal high-voltage pulse Power supply 10, the processing chamber 30 is provided with electrodes, when the sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply 10 is started, a sinusoidal pulse high voltage is applied between the electrodes to generate a sinusoidal pulse strong electric field; the peristaltic pump 50 is arranged between the liquid storage tank 60 and the heating element 40 In between, the liquid in the liquid storage tank 60 is transported to the processing chamber 30 for high-pressure treatment after being heat-treated by the heating component 40 through the liquid inlet pipe a; The heat is transferred to the heating component 40 for heat exchange, and the heat is transferred to the liquid to be treated in the liquid inlet pipe a, and then sent to the liquid collection tank 70 . the

The heating component 40 is preferably a heating cabinet. More preferably, the part of the liquid inlet pipe a located in the water bath cabinet is arranged in a spiral shape, so as to facilitate effective heating.

In some more preferred embodiments of the present invention, the liquid inlet and outlet of the treatment chamber are respectively provided with temperature test probes (not shown in the figure), which can record the temperature changes before and after the sinusoidal pulse electric field treatment in time, and control The temperature of the sample before processing.

In the above-mentioned device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field, a sampling port 80 is also arranged on the liquid outlet pipe b.

The above-mentioned device of the present invention is used to treat Algae algae to study the influence of electric field strength, pulse width and pulse frequency, and temperature of seawater on the inactivation effect of microorganisms.

Embodiment 1 The influence of different electric field strengths on the inactivation rate

Experimental conditions: frequency 100Hz, pulse width 4μs, pole spacing 2mm, initial temperature 15°C, flow rate 3.2L/h.

It can be seen from Figure 2 that the inactivation effect of the sinusoidal pulsed electric field on I. spp. is obvious. When the electric field strength is 9kV/cm, the inactivation rate is close to 50%, and when the electric field strength is 20kV/cm, the inactivation rate is 96%. . Obviously, with the increase of electric field intensity, the inactivation rate of Algae isogali increased.

Embodiment 2 The influence of different pulse widths on the inactivation rate

Experimental conditions: frequency 100Hz, pole spacing 2mm, electric field strength 9 kV/cm, initial temperature 15°C, flow rate 3.2L/h.

From Figure 3, we can see that, other factors remain unchanged, the pulse width of the power supply pulse will have an impact on the inactivation effect. When the pulse width is 4μs, it can inactivate 50% of the algae. As the pulse width increases, the inactivation effect increases. When the pulse width is 16μs, the inactivation rate can reach 80%. When the pulse width is 18μs, the inactivation rate The rate reached 96%.

Embodiment 3 The influence of different pulse frequencies on the inactivation rate

Experimental conditions: pulse width 4μs, pole spacing 2mm, electric field strength 9kV/cm, initial temperature 15°C, flow rate 3.2L/h.

It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the inactivation effect of Isocoria algae will increase with the increase of the pulse frequency, but the increase rate is not large. The inactivation rate was 43% when the frequency was 50Hz, 49% when the frequency was 100Hz, 50.9% when the frequency was 250Hz, and 51.4% when the frequency reached 300Hz.

Embodiment 4 The influence of different temperatures on the inactivation rate

Experimental conditions: pulse width 4μs, pole spacing 1mm, frequency 4μs; flow rate 3.2L/h. ■-sinusoidal high-voltage pulse electric field on, □-sinusoidal high-voltage pulse electric field off.

It can be seen from Fig. 5 that when the temperature of the sinusoidal high-voltage pulsed electric field is 21°C, the inactivation effect is 50%, while the inactivation effect is only 5.2% when it is only heated to 21°C. When the electric field strength of the sinusoidal pulse reaches 20kV/cm, the temperature inside the processor is 42°C, and the inactivation rate of Isocoria can reach more than 90%. was 37%. Therefore, the increase in temperature in sinusoidal high-voltage pulse treatment has a certain positive effect on the inactivation of Algae algae.

The above experimental results show that the electric field strength, pulse width and pulse frequency of the power supply, and the temperature of seawater will all affect the inactivation effect of microorganisms, and the inactivation effect will change with the increase of the electric field strength, pulse width and pulse frequency, and seawater temperature. good.

Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field, characterized in that the device comprises: a sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply (10), an oscilloscope (20), a treatment chamber (30), and a heating component (40) , peristaltic pump (50), liquid storage tank (60) and liquid collection tank (70); wherein, The oscilloscope (20) is electrically connected to a sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply (10) for recording pulse voltage and pulse current; The processing chamber (30) is electrically connected to the sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply (10), and the processing chamber (30) is provided with electrodes. When the sinusoidal high-voltage pulse power supply (10) is started, a sinusoidal pulse high voltage is applied between the electrodes to generate a sinusoidal pulse. Strong pulsed electric field; The peristaltic pump (50) is arranged between the liquid storage tank (60) and the heating component (40), and is used to pass the liquid in the liquid storage tank (60) through the liquid inlet pipe (a) through the heating component (40) After heat treatment, it is transported to the treatment chamber (30) for high-pressure treatment; The treatment chamber (30) transports the high-pressure treated liquid to the heating component (40) for heat exchange through the liquid outlet pipe (b), and transfers the heat to the liquid to be treated in the liquid inlet pipe (a), and then sends it to Sump (70). 2. The device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating component (40) is a water bath cabinet. 3. The device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field according to claim 2, characterized in that the part of the liquid inlet pipe (a) located in the water bath cabinet is arranged in a spiral shape. 4. The device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field according to claim 1, characterized in that, temperature testing probes are respectively installed at the liquid inlet and outlet of the treatment chamber (30). 5 . The device for treating living organisms in ship's ballast water by using a sinusoidal pulse electric field according to claim 1 , characterized in that a sampling port ( 80 ) is also arranged on the liquid outlet pipeline ( b ). 5 .

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