CN102512756A - Method and equipment for generating high-voltage pulse induction currents in object - Google Patents
Method and equipment for generating high-voltage pulse induction currents in object Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses method and equipment for generating a high-voltage pulse induction current in an object. The equipment at least comprises a DC high-voltage power source capable of generating currents of desired intensity, a pulse shaping network formed by one or more capacitors capable of storing electric energy, at least one charge/discharge switch, and at least one induction coil or at least one group of induction coils. When the pulse shaping network releases high-voltage pulses of specified waveform and wave width, the induction coil group is allowed to generate a change in magnetic induction flux in the pulse form under the action of the high-voltage pulses, a high-intensity induction field in the pulse form is excited and generated by the change of magnetic induction flux in the space close to the induction coil group, a high-intensity induced electromotive force in the pulse form is generated in the inside of the to-be-treated object which is put in the induction field, and a DC high-intensity induced current in the pulse form is generated in a non-contact manner inside the object by the induced electromotive force.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and apparatus that a kind of high-voltage pulse faradic current produces.
Background technology
(Pulsed Electric Fields's impulse electric field PEF) is applied in a plurality of fields such as food processing, medical treatment and Pollutant Treatment high pressure (or claiming high strength).
With the food processing is example; It is a kind of novel non-hot food sterilization technology that high-voltage pulse induction PEF handles; It is liquid, semi-solid food products to be handled, and can be formed the production line of continuous sterilizing and sterile filling with higher electric field intensity (10-50kV/cm), short pulse width (0-100 μ s) and higher pulse frequency (0-2000Hz).Its sterilizing mechanisms is directly to act on through external electrical field and microbial cell film, thereby destroys the structure of cell membrane, forms " electroporation " and causes bacteria inactivation rate.The electroporation phenomenon is meant cell membrane unstability that cellular exposure occurs and the phenomenon that on cell membrane, forms aperture under high-voltage pulse induction PEF effect.Because the cytoplasma membrane permeability significantly increases, intracellular osmotic pressure is higher than the extracellular, finally causes the breakage of cell membrane.The microbial cell film is made up of the phospholipid bilayer of integral protein matter, and it has certain electric charge, has certain permeability, and certain intensity is also arranged.Have certain electric potential difference between the surfaces externally and internally of film, when adding an electric field on the cell membrane, this electric field will make the inside and outside electric potential difference of film increase.Because the heterocharge of cell membrane two surface sediments attracts each other, and causes the extruding of film; When electric field intensity increased to a marginal value, the permeability of cell membrane increased severely, and many apertures occur, and film strength is reduced; Further effect makes cell membrane produce the large perforation that can not repair, makes breakdown of cellular tissue, collapse, causes microorganism deactivated.
The indicator microoraganism of high-voltage pulse induction PEF sterilization experiment comprises hay bud pole bacterium, Deshi Lactobacillus, monocyte hyperplasia listeria spp, fluorescent pseudomonas, beer yeast, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus thermophilus, escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O 157, mycete and yeast etc.; Result of study shows; The trophosome cell that high-pressure pulse electric PEF handles these microorganisms all has good killing effect; Influencing the germ-resistant factor of high-voltage pulse induction PEF has a lot; They are having a strong impact on bactericidal effect, are divided into basically: (1) processing factors: electric field intensity, processing time, pulse frequency, pulse width, pulse shape, sample flow rate and initial temperature.(2) product factors: product composition, electric conductivity, ionic strength, pH, water activity and viscosity.(3) microorganism characteristic factor: microbe species, growth conditions and growth period.
Present high-voltage pulse induction PEF technology has disadvantage:
(1) impulse electric field can influence electrostatic interaction and the location of charged group between the protein group, upsets Electric Field Distribution and electrostatic interaction between the gal4 amino acid residue, causes separation of charge, thereby influences proteinic structure (secondary and three grades).(2) electrochemical reaction around the electrode can produce certain influence to the food component that comprises protein.(3) because electrochemical reaction can cause electrode corrosion, metallicses such as the ferrum in the electrode, chromium, nickel, manganese can be discharged in the food.(4) product of electrode electro Chemical reaction, for example some free radicals, active chlorine, active oxygen etc. cause lipid probably by creating singlet oxygen by using, free radical and other oxidizing substance initiated oxidations reaction (chain reaction), produce the oxidation product of a series of complicacies.(5) high-voltage pulse induction PEF is bigger to the influence of food carbohydrate ingredient and vitamin.(6) major limitation of high-voltage pulse induction PEF technology is to be used for food liquid (like milk and fruit juice), and semisolid food effect is relatively poor, and solid-state food can't use basically.Main cause is that electrode can not well contact with processed food, and inner heterogeneous texture and the conductivity difference of solid-state food also influences sterilization effect.
High-voltage pulse induction PEF system equipment mainly comprises five parts: supply unit, pulse generating unit (comprising electric capacity and gauge tap), sample treatment chamber, cooling system and temperature measuring system.
High-voltage pulse induction PEF be applied to the electroporation that medical domain mainly concentrates on tumor cell (electroporation, EP).Through the perforation of cancer cell membrane, overcome the barrier action of film to medicine, improve curative effect of medication, reduce the drug resistance of tumor to medicine, be the oncotherapy new technique that occurs in recent years, also be expected to be used for genetic treatment of tumor.The electric field intensity that this method adopts is not less than 600V/cm, makes cell produce reversibility perforation, really kill cancer cell.If raising electric field intensity possibly bring disaster to normal cell on every side in kill cancer cell.The Medpulser electroporation treatment appearance that U.S. Genetronics company produces adopts square wave electric pulse, has 6 pieces of needle electrodes to insert tumor, produces the uniform electric field that is not less than 780V/cm.The limitation of this technology shows in the control of electric field scope, crosses conference and injures normal cell, too smallly then can not kill fully cancerous cell.Even be in the cancerous issue between the electrode, the uniformity of electric field also is difficult to reach.In addition, electrode need insert human body, belongs to traumatic treatment means.
High-voltage pulse induction PEF also can be applicable to the decomposing, purifying of pollutant in degraded or the sewage of harmful substance in the aqueous liquid foodstuff (like organophosphor).But appoint the processing that so can not be applied to solid matter.
Utilizing high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization is in recent years abroad than the active research field, and existing more patent is open.Domestic main patent application is from each universities and colleges.The device that patent of invention (01130064) relates to mainly is made up of high-voltage pulse electricity generating means, parameter measurement, demonstration and regulation device, shielding and automatic safety device and high-voltage pulse electric field processing chamber.In the time of will treating that sterilization material passes through the high-voltage pulse electromagnetic field, microorganism receives the effect of strong-electromagnetic field power at the utmost point in the short time, and its cellularity causes the irreversible perforation polarization of cell membrane owing to the potential difference between the cell membrane is destroyed.Patent of invention (200310119299) discloses the method that a kind of impulse electric field is used for the Nicotiana tabacum L. Pesticidal and sterilizing.This method is that the low frequency shock pulse effect of 10～15Kv/cm is placed on the Nicotiana tabacum L. between the electrode through pulse amplitude, can kill entomogenous fungi behind the certain hour.Unidirectional positive pulse or unidirectional negative pulse, or bidirectional pulse all can.But this invention does not have to explain the method that how to let electrode and Nicotiana tabacum L. keep even contact, and this point is most important in production technology.Patent of invention (200410011305) relates to a kind of device that is used for food, beverage high voltage pulse electric field processing; By forming with joining two electrodes in controllable high-voltage pulse power the two poles of the earth respectively; Be two radial dimension differences and the identical hollow pipe of cross sectional shape; Be coaxial shape suit together, port is opened two hollow pipe electrode isolation through the insulator shading ring, and fixing sealing; The annular gap that between these two hollow pipe electrodes, forms is the cavity volume that carries material handling, on outer pole plate, is provided with the material import and export that communicates with this cavity volume.Patent of invention (200410077405) discloses a kind of Prepolarized pulse electric field disinfectant method, and promptly before high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization, with the material processing that in electrostatic field, polarizes in advance, said electrostatic field field intensity is 100～1000V/cm earlier; Prepolarized pulse electric field disinfectant equipment comprises material-storage jar, pump, vacuum degasser, high-voltage pulse electric generator, electric pulse process chamber and the electrode that is connected with dc source.Patent of invention (200510041039) discloses a kind of method for producing sugar-free tea beverage that adopts high voltage pulsation electric-field sterilizing tech, and earlier with Folium Camelliae sinensis lixiviate in hot water, millet paste is cooling rapidly behind screen filtration, the centrifugal deposition of going; Millet paste is after micro-filtration membrane is further filtered, again through high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization.Polyphenol content, flavor substance content and aberration have no significant change in the tea beverage after the processing, and after 9 months, safety and sensible quality are still good with its cryopreservation.Patent of invention (200710008847) relates to a kind of process method of sterilization, enzyme inhibitor for non-thermal fruit and vegetable concentrated juice; Promptly utilize high voltage pulsation electric-field sterilizing tech, combine technology for freeze concentration to produce the fruit and vegerable concentrated juice simultaneously, the processed step is: 1. at normal temperatures; Make the fruit and vegetable juice electric field intensity>=10kv/cm that flows through; Umber of pulse>=10, pulse width>=2 μ s ,≤high-pressure pulse electric of 100 μ s carries out sterilization treatment, and the enzyme in the part passivation fruit and vegetable juice; 2. the fruit and vegetable juice after will handling is in the temperature freeze concentration below 0 ℃; The activity that suppresses enzyme in the fruit and vegetable juice; The entire process process is carried out at a lower temperature, thereby when realizing sterilization, enzyme inhibitor, solve fruit juice quality decline problem because of thermal methods caused.Patent of invention (20071044498) relates to a kind of high-pressure pulse electric sterilization process device for liquid food.The control signal input of the pulse signal output end of its pulse signal generation circuit and pulse generating circuit is connected; Two pulse signal output ends of pulse generating circuit are connected with two pulse control signal inputs of discharge circuit; The voltage signal input of discharge circuit and the voltage signal output end of booster circuit are connected, and two pole plates of sterilization electric capacity are connected with power supply ground with the discharge signal outfan of discharge circuit respectively; Process chamber is sealing cuboid space, and two pole plates of sterilization electric capacity are separately fixed in the process chamber on the maximum opposed inner walls of two areas, and two pole plates are full of its fixed inwall, with the sidewall of the vertical process chamber of battery lead plate on, have a charging aperture.It can be applied to liquid food sterilization field.
The U.S. has ratified the patent that more than 200 relevant high-voltage pulse induction PEF handle food from 1987 in the period of 2002.Patent (prolonging the apparatus and method of food liquid shelf life) such as Dunn and Pearlman (1987); The patent of Morshuis (2002) (utilizing the method and the instrument of impulse electric field preserve foods), the patent (method of food preservation and instrument) of the patent of Robbins (2001) (using low voltage pulsed electrical energy to be reduced in the process and the instrument of the micro organism quantity in the electrical conductance medium) and Lelieveld and Volanschi (2001) etc.
Aspect the non-food stuff processing; China's utility model patent (2003249380) relates to high-pressure pulse electric kills biology is arranged in the liquid a kind of high-pressure rotary impulse electric field alga killing and sterilizing machine of (like microorganisms such as virus, antibacterial, algae); It is characterized in that sterilizer is made up of at least two high voltage electric field posts, a high-voltage switch gear and a coaxial dynamic water treatment cavity; Coaxial dynamic water treatment cavity is equipped with the cylindrical shape of lead for the axis position and placed, and lead is an anode, and cylinder-shaped coat is a negative electrode; Cavity between anode and the negative electrode is high voltage electric field sterilization place; Lead connects with high-voltage switch gear one end, and cylinder-shaped coat connects with high voltage electric field column one end, and high-voltage switch gear connects with the high voltage electric field post other end; Each high voltage electric field post is become with diode group by the transformer group of bottom and the capacitor on top; The transformer group that multipath magnetic circuit stack produces high-tension electricity is carried out the same phase stack by 2-70 transformator and is formed, and the capacitor of stored charge and diode crowd are formed by individual being connected in series of 50-10000.Patent of invention (200810224305) relates to a kind of method that reduces organophosphorus pesticide in the bean milk; The bean milk that will contain organophosphorus pesticide flows into pretreatment chamber through peristaltic pump, the method that adopts evacuation to bean milk outgas, pre-cooling, set the high-pressure pulse electric parameter; Open peristaltic pump; Bean milk is pumped into high-voltage pulse electric field processing chamber, bean milk is handled, make that organophosphorus pesticide concentration is significantly descended in the bean milk.Patent of invention (200810003740) has disclosed a kind of method of biological sludge high-efficiency dehydration, and the sludge moisture content after the processing is lower than 50%.Biological sludge after handling through self enzyme catalysis is that 25kV/cm-120kV/cm, frequency are that microbial cell is destructurized in the mud under 1000Hz-10000Hz high-pressure pulse electric and the synergism as the concentrated sulphuric acid of perforation agent or sulfur trioxide at voltage.The bulk sludge coagulating body of the protein that from the cell of fragmentation, discharges, nucleic acid and the new calcium sulfate that produces of other biomacromolecule material quilt and the moon or cationic-type polyacrylamide cohesion dehydration formation compact structure, the latter is dropped into press dewatering machinery and is sloughed free moisture.United States Patent (USP) (
The patent of Held and Chauhan (2002) proposes a kind of method of using the high voltage molecule to destroy waste activated sludge.
Britain Standen Ltd. discloses a patent of invention (200680026027): it is effective that the electric field with certain characteristic has demonstrated in the growth course that stops cancerous cell (and other rapid somatoblast).But, when cancer is positioned at the target area under the body surface, transmit said useful electric field to said target area very the difficulty.Through between body surface and said target area, place biocompatible field guide, each that lead on the scene is sidelong and is put electrode and between said electrode, apply the alternating voltage with appropriate frequency and amplitude, can useful field be directed into said target area.In alternative embodiment, one of said electrode is directly placed above on the scene the leading.Obviously, this method is appointed so need lead the insertion human body with electrode and field, and the homogeneity question between the electrode is appointed right existence.Patent of invention (1993102036) relates to a kind of auxiliary electrical therapeutic apparatus that cooperates the Drug therapy cancer.Through adjust blood pressure; Boost, voltage multiplying rectifier obtains height and forces down unidirectional current (field), produces intermittent electric current (field) through relay, connects combination electrode plate; Make the insulant polarization of combination electrode plate, produce a kind of safety and can make the interrupted UNIFORM ELECTROSTATIC FIELD that exists of human body deep tumor tissue.Thereby the interfere with cancer cells growth, guide drugs accumulates in the tumor tissue, and performance cooperates the assosting effect of Drug therapy cancer.What this method adopted is low pressure non-pulse electric field, and the mechanism of electric field interfere with cancer cells is unclear.So curative effect leaves a question open.
Summary of the invention
The foundation of high-pressure pulse electric must be satisfied several conditions: (1) high electric field intensity (the minimum critical intensity scope of most of microbe deactivation is 4-14kv/cm); (2) must be direct current or extremely low frequency AC field (electric field that promptly is added on surface of cell membrane preferably keeps a direction, if change at a high speed back and forth, can not make perforate membrane); (3) has pulse characteristic; (4) need certain processing time; (5) foundation of electric field need be provided with one positive one negative at least two electrodes in object being treated.
As previously mentioned, the use of electrode can bring a series of problems.
The present invention provides a kind of faradic method and apparatus of high-voltage pulse that in object, produces; Purpose satisfies 4 conditions in front exactly and cancels the electrode condition; Make this compared with techniques have bigger superiority in existing high-voltage pulse technology, the present invention can produce the high-voltage pulse faradic current with the noncontact mode in pending object.
Because the technology that the present invention proposes has adopted special induction field mode,, be called for short PIEF so be called high-voltage pulse induction field technology (Pulsed Induction Electric Field).The generation of high-voltage pulse induction field technology PIEF is from high-voltage pulse induction generator (PIEF generator).The PIEF generator is responsible for providing waveform, persistent period and the desirable strength of high-voltage pulse.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of faradic method of high-voltage pulse that in object, produces comprises the following steps: that (1) power supply produces the high direct voltage of institute's desired strength; (2) utilize one or electric capacity in groups to come stored electric energy; (3) through waveform and the ripple wide release high-voltage pulse of pulse forming network with regulation; (4) high-voltage pulse makes the induction coil group produce the magnetic induction variations of flux of impulse form; (5) near the spatial excitation of the variation of the magnetic induction flux induction coil group produces the high strength induction field of impulse form; (6) be positioned over the high strength induction electromotive force that interior of articles pending in the induction field produces impulse form; (7) induction electromotive force is at the direct current high strength faradic current of pending object formation impulse form, and this method can produce the high-voltage pulse faradic current with the noncontact mode in pending object.
Said method; To such an extent as to add ability enhance induction coil groups magnetic induction flux and very big very little material or the structural member of eddy current effect of resistivity own at induction coil and/or pending interior of articles or outside appropriate location; The magnetic induction that passes this pending object is improved, but can be at material that adds or the significant eddy current of the inner generation of structural member.
Said method is added the high material of conductivity at pending interior of articles, to improve the faradic current intensity that pending interior of articles produces.
Said method, the high material of electrical conductivity in that pending interior of articles adds comprises metal powder, salt end, electrolyte, high conductivity liquid and their mixture.
Said method, the form of pending object can be solid-state, liquid state or gaseous state; From class although, can be vivo biological tissue, inorganic matter, metal, pottery, macromolecular material, food, medicine or articles for daily use; See from kinestate, can fixedly handle, also can be and flow or mobile status, handle incessantly.
Said method, the permeability magnetic material that strengthens magnetic induction comprises ferrous alloy and ferrite; Or the permeability magnetic material that strengthens magnetic induction can be loop-like transformer core, also can process other structural member, also can process microgranular; Permeability magnetic material can be positioned among the induction coil, also can be placed on outside the induction coil; Can be placed on outside the pending object, also can be placed on pending interior of articles.
Said method lets the permeability magnetic material structural member stretch in the pending object depression, and magnetic force path and density of line of magnetic force and magnetic induction through this pending interior of articles are all increased; Or let the permeability magnetic material structural member be placed in the one or more breach on the closed originally permeability magnetic material structural member, and make the intensive magnetic line of force pass pending object, portion produces very strong pulse induction electric current within it.
Said method, pending object be possible by microorganism or/and food, medicine or the articles for daily use that Toxic pollutes, pending body surface or the inner faradic current that produces are used for the deactivation of microorganism and the decomposition of noxious substance; Or pending object is human body or organism pathological tissues; the intensity controlled pulse induction electric current that pathological tissues inside or skin surface produce is used to promote the increase of organization internal or skin surface cell permeability, and the increase of permeability can realize through the reversible or irreversible perforation of cell membrane; Or pending object is tumor tissues, and it is inner that the reversible perforation of cell membrane is used to promote that medicine gets into tumor cell, the irreversible perforation of cell membrane or destroy and then be used for directly killing tumor cell.
Said method; It is characterized in that: through injecting to pathological tissues or the input medicine; Inject or import normal saline or other high conductivity liquid that contains high permeability material microgranule simultaneously or only; Make the projecting normal structure of density of line of magnetic force in the pathological tissues, make that normal cell is big around the pulse induction current ratio that sick cell bears; Or the reversible perforation of cell membrane is used to promote outside gene to intracellular transfer; Or the increase of cell permeability is used for promoting the blood glucose to get into cell; The increase of skin surface cell or tissue permeability is used to promote that medicine gets into human body from skin; On organization internal or surface or the skin appearance layer add the liquid that contains high permeability material microgranule, comprise normal saline or other mixed liquid of the ferrite nano microgranule that contains the glucose parcel.
A kind of faradic equipment of high-voltage pulse that in object, produces which comprises at least a DC high-voltage power supply that can produce institute's desired strength; The electric capacity of one or more ability stored electric energies is formed pulse forming network; At least one charge and discharge switch; At least one or one group of induction coil; Behind the waveform and ripple wide release high-voltage pulse of pulse forming network with regulation; High-voltage pulse makes the induction coil group produce the magnetic induction variations of flux of impulse form; Near the spatial excitation of the variation of the magnetic induction flux induction coil group produces the high strength induction field of impulse form; Be positioned over the high strength induction electromotive force of interior of articles generation impulse form pending in the induction field; Induction electromotive force forms the direct current high strength faradic current of impulse form at pending interior of articles with the noncontact mode, and this equipment can produce the high-voltage pulse faradic current with the noncontact mode in pending object.
The difference of the present invention and existing high-voltage pulse induction PEF is: (1) does not need electrode can produce controlled high intensity pulses electric current; (2) pending object can produce required high intensity pulses electric current in inside as long as can conduct electricity and be in the space induction field of induction coil group generation; (3) add the material of magnetic induction flux (magnetic flux) that can the enhance induction coil groups at pending interior of articles or outside, the impulse form faradic current that can the enhance induction electromotive force forms at interior of articles; Reach the purpose that improves killing microorganisms or cancerous cell effect.
The present invention can be applicable to food processing, food processing, medical treatment and Pollutant Treatment.
Description of drawings
The faradic circuit diagram of Fig. 1 single index attenuation type high-voltage pulse.
The faradic circuit diagram of the bipolar exponential damping type of Fig. 2 high-voltage pulse.
Fig. 3 high magnetic permeability, the sketch map of low eddy current effect structural member and pending object relative position embodiment one.
Fig. 4 high magnetic permeability, the sketch map of low eddy current effect structural member and pending object relative position embodiment two.
Fig. 5 high magnetic permeability, the sketch map of low eddy current effect structural member and pending object relative position embodiment three.
Fig. 6 high magnetic permeability, the sketch map of low eddy current effect structural member and pending object relative position embodiment four.
Fig. 7 high magnetic permeability, the sketch map of low eddy current effect structural member and pending object relative position embodiment five.
Fig. 8 high magnetic permeability, the sketch map of low eddy current effect structural member and pending object relative position embodiment six.
Fig. 9 high magnetic permeability, the sketch map of low eddy current effect structural member and pending object relative position embodiment seven.
The sketch map of Figure 10 fruit surface process for producing line.
The structural representation of Figure 11 sterilization fresh case.
Figure 12 cancerous issue external treatment principle schematic.
The specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus that produces unidirectional high direct voltage pulse induction electricity: high direct voltage pulse induction generator (PIEF generator).The PIEF generator is responsible for providing waveform, persistent period and the desirable strength of high-voltage pulse.The operate as normal of equipment comprises processes: (1) power supply produces the high direct voltage of institute's desired strength; (2) utilize one or electric capacity in groups to come stored electric energy; (3) through waveform and the ripple wide release high-voltage pulse of pulse forming network with regulation; (4) high-voltage pulse makes the induction coil group produce the magnetic induction variations of flux of impulse form; (5) near the spatial excitation of the variation of the magnetic induction flux induction coil group produces the high strength induction field of impulse form; (6) be positioned over the inner high strength induction electromotive force that produces impulse form of conductive body pending in the induction field; (7) induction electromotive force is at the inner high strength faradic current that forms impulse form of conductive body.(8) can enhance induction coil groups magnetic induction flux and resistivity own is very big or very little material or the structural member of eddy current effect if add in the inner or outside appropriate location of induction coil and/or conductive body; The magnetic flux increment that passes conductive body is improved, and can not produce tangible eddy current and consume energy at substance or material internal; (9) if add the high material of conductivity at pending interior of articles, can improve the inner faradic intensity that produces of handled thing, kill handled thing surface or the inner microorganism that exists, cancerous cell and the efficient of decomposing noxious substance thereby improve.
Fig. 1 can produce the faradic circuit diagram of single index attenuation type high-voltage pulse.1 is DC high-voltage power supply among the figure, can produce the high direct voltage that is not less than thousands of volts, and R1 is a charging resistor, and C1 is the capacitor that is used to discharge and recharge; The 4th, transmission line resistance, the 5th, switch resistance, the 6th, induction coil resistance; The 7th, induction coil, the 8th, the unidirectional magnetic line of force that induction coil produces, the 9th, be positioned near the conductive body of induction coil; The 10th, at the inner unidirectional faradic current that produces of conductive body, the 11st, charge and discharge switch is called electric brake again.Electric brake 11 discharges electric energy with the high-voltage pulse mode through pulse forming network, and it must be controlled the high voltage that is present in the capacitor 3 and act on the high electric current in the shaping network.Two types of high power electric brakees are arranged, i.e. ON electric brake and ON/OFF electric brake on the market.The latter has the function of random switch.
Fig. 2 can produce the faradic circuit diagram of bipolar exponential damping type high-voltage pulse.1 is DC high-voltage power supply among the figure, and R1, R2 and R3 are charging resistors; C1, C2 and C3 are the capacitors that is used to discharge and recharge, the 4th, and transmission line resistance, the 5th, switch resistance; The 11st, charge and discharge switch, the 6th, induction coil resistance, the 7th, induction coil; The 16th, the high magnetic permeability structural member, the magnetic line of force direction that can guide induction coil to produce increases density of line of magnetic force; The 9th, be positioned over the peripheral conductive body of high magnetic permeability structural member, the 10th, at the inner unidirectional faradic current that produces of conductive body.
Can enhance induction coil groups magnetic induction flux (magnetic flux), the material or the material that itself can not produce very strong eddy current effect again have a lot, and selection principle is: pcrmeability height and resistivity are big.Pure iron pcrmeability high (10000), but resistivity low (10m Ω .cm) in the alternating magnetic field that induction coil produces, can produce very strong eddy current, so the electromagnetism rate is very suitable with iron pan.Aluminum is the paramagnetics material, and susceptibility is very little, and relative permeability is a bit larger tham 1.Copper is the diamagentic effect material, and relative permeability is less than 1.Magnetic induction flux that all can not the enhance induction coil promptly enables to strengthen, and itself also can produce very strong eddy current effect.The ferritic maximum permeability μ of manganese-zinc (Mn-Zn)
RmaxReach 2500, resistivity reaches 2X10
6(m Ω .cm) is so be ideal selection.As the silicon steel (4.00%Si) of transformator material, though pcrmeability μ
RmaxReach 7000, but resistivity has only 45-70 (m Ω .cm), so after need laminating, form laminated construction, insulation between layer and the layer makes eddy current effect because of being confined to become very little in the monolithic thin layer.To adopt this type material among the present invention, material or structural member come the magnetic induction flux of enhance induction coil and pending interior of articles.On the other hand, these materials, the position that material or structural member are placed is also very important.Its design principle is: improve the density of line of magnetic force of passing pending interior of articles as far as possible.
What Fig. 3-Fig. 9 showed is the sketch map of 7 kinds of embodiment.7 is induction coils among the figure; The 16th, high magnetic permeability, high resistivity material or high magnetic permeability, the structural member of low eddy current effect; The 17th, pending object; Dotted line is represented the magnetic line of force.Embodiment one is referring to shown in Figure 3, and in the design, pending object is positioned over an end of strip permeability magnetic material structural member 16; From the magnetic line of force that this end of structural member sends; Only have part to pass the bottom of pending object, and density of line of magnetic force is low, magnetic induction is little.Thereby treatment effect is relatively poor.Embodiment two is referring to shown in Figure 4, and design and embodiment one design difference are to add in the pending object or embedded extra permeability magnetic material 18, makes to get into magnetic induction line prolongation in the pending object, and density increases, to improve treatment effect.Embodiment three is referring to shown in Figure 5; Design is the version of embodiment two designs; Promptly let the permeability magnetic material structural member stretch in the specially designed depression of pending object, magnetic force path and density of line of magnetic force and magnetic induction through this interior of articles are all increased.Embodiment four is referring to shown in Figure 6; Design is on closed originally permeability magnetic material structural member (like loop-like transformer core), to open (or a plurality of) breach; Pending object is put into breach; Make the intensive magnetic line of force pass object, portion produces very strong unidirectional pulse faradic current within it.The embodiment Wucan is seen shown in Figure 7; Design and embodiment four design differences are: the microgranule of a large amount of permeability magnetic materials is managed to inject pending interior of articles a certain regional 19; Make and pass this regional density of line of magnetic force and further increase, microorganism in this zone or cancerous cell will bear bigger single line pulse induction electric current.Embodiment six is referring to shown in Figure 8, and the design of design is suitable for the pending object of flat, and induction coil 7 is designed to plate-like, is similar to the coil in the domestic electromagnetic oven.The permeability magnetic material structural member is positioned over (or top) below the coil, can be whole plate-like or is made up of the strip structure spare of a plurality of radial arrangement.Pending object is put in (or following) above the coil, and it is intravital than large tracts of land that magnetic power passes thing, produces the faradic current of distribution uniform.Embodiment seven is referring to shown in Figure 9, and design is that induction coil and permeability magnetic material structural member are positioned over pending object center, and the magnetic power that lets structural member send is walked longer distance in handled object, produce successive faradic current on the way.
Among the present invention, the form of pending object can be solid-state, liquid state or gaseous state.From class although, can be vivo biological tissue or inorganic matter, can be metal, pottery or macromolecular material can be food, medicine, articles for daily use or the like.See from kinestate, can fixedly handle, also can be and flow or mobile status continual the processing.
Among the present invention, the permeability magnetic material that strengthens magnetic induction can be processed various structural members, also can process microgranular (like the powder of nano-scale).Permeability magnetic material can be positioned among the induction coil and (promptly let coil twine the permeability magnetic material structural member), also can be placed on outside the induction coil; Can also can be placed on pending interior of articles in case be placed on outside the pending object.
Among the present invention, can come the inner faradic current of enhancement process thing through the measure that increases pending interior of articles material electrical conductivity.Be included in the inner high material of electrical conductivity that adds of handled thing, comprise metal powder, salt end, electrolyte etc.
Figure 10 is the sketch map of a fruit surface process for producing line.The fruit 21 that is positioned on the transport tape 20 passes the breach of permeability magnetic material structural member 16 with certain speed, and the intensive magnetic line of force of structural member indentation, there will pass fruit, makes the microorganism of fruit surface because high-intensity faradic current causes membrane perforation and deactivation.The residual pesticide (like organophosphor) that the while fruit surface adheres to also can be decomposed by part, reach the purpose of killing two birds with one stone.
What Figure 11 showed is the structural representation of this sterilization fresh case.1 is DC high-voltage power supply among the figure, can produce the high direct voltage that is not less than thousands of volts, and 22 provide the generator of high-pressure pulse direct current, the 7th, and induction coil, the 16th, structural member, the 23rd, pending food with high permeability and low eddy current effect.The 24th, the container of splendid attire food.The general requirement used aluminum, and paramagnetic materials such as macromolecule or pottery are processed.If container is very shallow dish, and food is adorned very fullly.Also can with ferrous material.
Figure 12 is the principle schematic of treatment breast cancer tissue.7 is induction coils among the figure, the 26th, have high permeability, and the therapeutic apparatus of low eddy current effect is when induction coil feeds DC-pulse.Produce the magnetic circuit of base closed on the therapeutic apparatus.But its indentation, there has leakage field.Confirm breast carcinoma position and size with ultrasonic or CT method in advance, except injectable drug in cancerous tissue, also need inject the normal saline or the solvent that contain high permeability material microgranule, also can the two inject together.If take medicine, then only inject the latter.Let breast embed the therapeutic apparatus breach then, the magnetic power that the breach two ends are sent passes breast carcinoma tissue 25.Because the high magnetic permeability microgranule to the aggregation of the magnetic line of force, makes density of line of magnetic force in the cancerous tissue far above normal surrounding tissue, again because the high conductivity of normal saline, make unidirectional pulse faradic current that cancerous cell bears than around normal cell much bigger.So the punching rate of cancer cell membrane is much larger than normal cell, medicine can get into wherein, plays killing action efficiently.A clinical experiment example is that ferrite nano particles is wrapped up with glucose molecule, and the dissolving back is injected and suffered from the Mus tumor locus in water, and cancerous cell is sealed by magnetic field fully.On the one hand, adopt the present invention's technology, make perforate membrane and the death of the tumor cell that is surrounded by magnetic particle.On the other hand, under the impulse electric field continuous action, ferrite nano particles can be heated to 45 ℃ or higher, makes tumor cell bear high temperature and quickens death.Owing to do not have magnetic particle in the normal structure on every side, so harmless.
Preliminary experiment has shown good result.Adopt circuit diagram shown in Figure 1, use the 220V alternating current power supply, through obtaining the high pressure of 25K after the transformation, convert direct current again into, charge and discharge capacitance can bear the 30K high pressure.Induction coil adopts the spiral plate-like coil form in Fig. 8 design, and coil uses line to form as multiply enamel covered wire gummed, needs the above high pressure of anti-30K.The parts transformation of the way of pulling down in all available domestic electromagnetic oven of its permeability magnetic material and winding wire.Above hub of a spool, place the milk box.Wherein milk is pasturising milk, under the room temperature (20
oC) shelf-life is no more than 3 days.As contrast, certain distance is placed same milk box outside coil.After the electric capacity charging at full capacity; Promptly begin to spark; Produce the pulse current of approximate single index decay property, make to produce corresponding magnetic field impulse in the permeability magnetic material, the magnetic line of force passes the milk box; Make to produce unidirectional faradic current of moment in the milk, this pulse current makes the microbial cell film in the milk irreversible perforation occur and death.Electric capacity will charge after having put electricity automatically again, and then discharge, and interval is about 1.5 seconds between discharging and recharging.
Experiment shows that the milk shelf-life of accepting to handle 2 hours milk than not having to handle at room temperature can prolong more than one times.Experiment is demonstration further, if in accepting the milk of handling, put into Ferrite Material, and can the significant prolongation shelf-life.
The present invention can be widely used in a plurality of fields, and instantiation is following: one. and food processing: high-voltage pulse induction PEF technology is the bacteria inactivation rate of large-scale application on liquid state or the dynamic food processing and production line of part semi-fluid.But so far, still can not be used for solid-state, the processed of semisolid and powdery food.The high-voltage pulse induction field PIEF technology that the present invention proposes can be used in the bacteria inactivation rate of all form food processing and production lines.Figure 10 is the sketch map of a fruit surface process for producing line.The fruit 21 that is positioned on the transport tape 20 passes the breach of permeability magnetic material structural member 16 with certain speed, and the intensive magnetic line of force of structural member indentation, there will pass fruit, makes the microorganism of fruit surface because high-intensity faradic current causes membrane perforation and deactivation.The residual pesticide (like organophosphor) that the while fruit surface adheres to also can be decomposed by part, reach the purpose of killing two birds with one stone.
Two. food sterilizing is fresh-keeping: the high-voltage pulse induction field PIEF technology that the present invention proposes also can be used for the fresh-keeping and instant sterilization treatment of food.Owing to need not heat, so it is very suitable to be used for the sterilization of raw and cold instant food (like Sushi, the oysters seafood).The sterilization fresh case of art designs can substitute conventional refrigerator or household freezer in view of the above, and it is with the obvious advantage: sterilization is regardless of kind (refrigerator can not suppress Listerella etc. and not fear cold microorganism), can eliminate the food nitrite increase that does not have deactivation to cause because of microorganism in the refrigerator; Can go deep into the inner thoroughly sterilization of food; The power and energy saving, noise is little, without freon; Do not need insulation material, cost is low etc.But cold drink can not be provided and freeze, be inappropriate for and preserve the easy down food that melts of room temperature.What Figure 11 showed is the structural representation of this sterilization fresh case.1 is DC high-voltage power supply among the figure, can produce the high direct voltage that is not less than thousands of volts, and 22 provide the generator of high-pressure pulse direct current, the 7th, and induction coil, the 16th, structural member, the 23rd, pending food with high permeability and low eddy current effect.The 24th, the container of splendid attire food.The general requirement used aluminum, and paramagnetic materials such as macromolecule or pottery are processed.If container is very shallow dish, and food is adorned very fullly.Also can with ferrous material.
Three. the external electroporation of tumor cell: electroporation (EP) or reversibility electrical breakdown (REB) they are the oncotherapy technology that development in recent years is got up.It adopts the electrode needle emission high-voltage pulse current that inserts lesion region; Make tumor cell membrane the electroporation of micropore or permeability surge occur; Let cancer therapy drug can overcome the cell membrane barrier, directly get into cell interior and kill cancerous cell, reach the enhancing effect of drugs; Reduce dosage and side effect, overcome chemical sproof purpose.This method need be inserted human body with electrode, and therapeutic process is simple, and effect is certain, and expense is few.The high-voltage pulse induction field PIEF technology that the present invention proposes can similarly be treated external.And need not insert electrode.Figure 12 is the principle schematic of treatment breast cancer tissue.7 is induction coils among the figure, the 26th, have high permeability, and the therapeutic apparatus of low eddy current effect is when induction coil feeds DC-pulse.Produce the magnetic circuit of base closed on the therapeutic apparatus.But its indentation, there has leakage field.Confirm breast carcinoma position and size with ultrasonic or CT method in advance, except injectable drug in cancerous tissue, also need inject the normal saline or the solvent that contain high permeability material microgranule, also can the two inject together.If take medicine, then only inject the latter.Let breast embed the therapeutic apparatus breach then, the magnetic power that the breach two ends are sent passes breast carcinoma tissue 25.Because the high magnetic permeability microgranule to the aggregation of the magnetic line of force, makes density of line of magnetic force in the cancerous tissue far above normal surrounding tissue, again because the high conductivity of normal saline, make unidirectional pulse faradic current that cancerous cell bears than around normal cell much bigger.So the punching rate of cancer cell membrane is much larger than normal cell, medicine can get into wherein, plays killing action efficiently.A clinical experiment example is that ferrite nano particles is wrapped up with glucose molecule, and the dissolving back is injected and suffered from the Mus tumor locus in water, and cancerous cell is sealed by magnetic field fully.On the one hand, adopt the present invention's technology, make perforate membrane and the death of the tumor cell that is surrounded by magnetic particle.On the other hand, under the impulse electric field continuous action, ferrite nano particles can be heated to 45 ℃ or higher, makes tumor cell bear high temperature and quickens death.Owing to do not have magnetic particle in the normal structure on every side, so harmless.
Four. the Pulse Electric gene therapy: gene therapy is the new technique that develops rapidly in recent years.It replenishes or transforms the purpose that reaches the treatment disease through human genetic material is revised.Wherein gene transfer technique is crucial.The essence of Pulse Electric gene therapy is: cell is under the high-voltage pulse electro ultrafiltration, and hole appears in cell membrane, and genes of interest deforms and moves under electric field action, even can pass less hole, gets in the cell.In case the hole on the film forms, gene subsequently also is easier to shift under weak electric field.Owing to behind the perforate membrane, still maintain complete shell system in the cell, it is active that cell still can keep, and can make the genes of interest effective expression of entering.Technology of the present invention can be at the membrane perforation of external completion pathological tissues, and lets gene transfer get in the sick cell, thereby has the advantage of non-invasive therapy.
Five. the non-invasive therapy of cancer: if strengthen pulse strength and action time, optimize the faradic current parameter, adopt said method and equipment, just can under situation, make cancer cell membrane produce irreversible perforation and death without cancer therapy drug.Normal cell around the cancerous issue is unaffected, or influence is very little.Reach the external non-invasive therapy of cancer.In recent years, people in clinical experiment, adopt magnetic how the rice microgranule, adding under the introduction by magnetic field after taking as pharmaceutical carrier, arrive diseased region, drug release then, kill cancer cell.Technology of the present invention can further be hit cancerous cell in the pharmaceutically-active while, improved therapeutic effect.
Six. diabetes non-drug therapy: when concentration of glucose in the blood raises, have at least the influencing factor of two aspects to make the organism metabolism rate improve.The one, concentration of glucose raises and makes diffusion process quicken, and histiocyte is easy to obtain glucose, and it utilizes the metabolic process of glucose to will speed up and produce extra heat, and heat energy is the ability of minimum form.This is that physical action is main factor.The 2nd, the rapid secretion of insulin impels each histiocytic membrane permeability to increase, and glucose gets in the cell, produces the oxidation heating, and this is that biochemical action is main factor.If insulin secretion reduces or insulin resistant takes place, only under medicine helped, the glucose in the blood can get into cell in a large number.Present device is positioned over skin surface, produces intensity controlled pulse direct current faradism, can make the film of a large amount of cells produce small reversibility perforation, let in the blood glucose get in the cell rapidly and be utilized in a big way organization internal.Thereby in time blood sugar lowering is complete noninvasive whole body therapeutic, is so far, does not lean on the just unique method of ability blood sugar lowering of medicine.
Seven. the percutaneous dosing new method: " percutaneous dosing " is an ancient administering mode.Modern percutaneous dosing has been broken through traditional boundary far away; Its development has reflected the last word of controlled release drug administration and target administration; It is applied to treat local skin or general disease (like cardiovascular disease; Nervous system disease), has advantage safer, effective, stable and that patient compliance is good than other dosage forms.But, have only few part medicine to be applicable to percutaneous dosing because skin is very low to the permeability of most drug.It is the horny layer (stratum corneum) of skin that medicine sees through the topmost barrier of skin; What most of transdermal administration was studied is to promote medicine to see through the various technical methods of keratodermatitis; Comprise various transdermal enhancers; (phonorphoresis is sononphoresis) with the laser introductory technique etc. for iontophoresis (iontophoresis), electroporation method (electroporation), phonophoresis.Technology of the present invention provides a kind of new thinking.Employing is positioned over the permeability magnetic material structural member of skin surface, and the intensity controlled pulse induction electricity that in keratodermatitis, produces can puncture the iuntercellular lipid rapidly.Because this lipid plays a major role at skin barrier on, so skin barrier is removed immediately, the medicine of placing skin surface in advance just can get in the body in a large number.If medicine is the electrolyte or the solution of high conductivity, can also play the effect that increases faradic current intensity.
Claims (10)
1. one kind produces the faradic method of high-voltage pulse in object, comprises the following steps: that (1) power supply produces the high direct voltage of institute's desired strength; (2) utilize one or electric capacity in groups to come stored electric energy; (3) through waveform and the ripple wide release high-voltage pulse of pulse forming network with regulation; (4) high-voltage pulse makes the induction coil group produce the magnetic induction variations of flux of impulse form; (5) near the spatial excitation of the variation of the magnetic induction flux induction coil group produces the high strength induction field of impulse form; (6) be positioned over the high strength induction electromotive force that interior of articles pending in the induction field produces impulse form; (7) induction electromotive force is at the direct current high strength faradic current of pending object formation impulse form, and this method can produce the high-voltage pulse faradic current with the noncontact mode in pending object.
2. the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that: to such an extent as to add ability enhance induction coil groups magnetic induction flux and very big very little material or the structural member of eddy current effect of resistivity own at induction coil and/or pending interior of articles or outside appropriate location; The magnetic induction that passes this pending object is improved, but can be at material that adds or the significant eddy current of the inner generation of structural member.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: add the high material of conductivity at pending interior of articles, to improve the faradic current intensity that pending interior of articles produces.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the high material of electrical conductivity in that pending interior of articles adds comprises metal powder, salt end, electrolyte, high conductivity liquid and their mixture.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: the form of pending object can be solid-state, liquid state or gaseous state; From class although, can be vivo biological tissue, inorganic matter, metal, pottery, macromolecular material, food, medicine or articles for daily use; See from kinestate, can fixedly handle, also can be and flow or mobile status, handle incessantly.
6. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the permeability magnetic material that strengthens magnetic induction comprises ferrous alloy and ferrite; Or the permeability magnetic material that strengthens magnetic induction can be loop-like transformer core, also can process other structural member, also can process microgranular; Permeability magnetic material can be positioned among the induction coil, also can be placed on outside the induction coil; Can be placed on outside the pending object, also can be placed on pending interior of articles.
7. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: let the permeability magnetic material structural member stretch in the pending object depression, magnetic force path and density of line of magnetic force and magnetic induction through this pending interior of articles are all increased; Or let the permeability magnetic material structural member be placed in the one or more breach on the closed originally permeability magnetic material structural member, and make the intensive magnetic line of force pass pending object, portion produces very strong pulse induction electric current within it.
8. like claim 1 or 5 described methods; It is characterized in that: pending object for maybe be by microorganism or/and food, medicine or the articles for daily use that Toxic pollutes, pending body surface or the inner faradic current that produces are used for the deactivation of microorganism and the decomposition of noxious substance; Or pending object is human body or organism pathological tissues; the intensity controlled pulse induction electric current that pathological tissues inside or skin surface produce is used to promote the increase of organization internal or skin surface cell permeability, and the increase of permeability can realize through the reversible or irreversible perforation of cell membrane; Or pending object is tumor tissues, and it is inner that the reversible perforation of cell membrane is used to promote that medicine gets into tumor cell, the irreversible perforation of cell membrane or destroy and then be used for directly killing tumor cell.
9. method as claimed in claim 8; It is characterized in that: through injecting to pathological tissues or the input medicine; Inject or import normal saline or other high conductivity liquid that contains high permeability material microgranule simultaneously or only; Make the projecting normal structure of density of line of magnetic force in the pathological tissues, make that normal cell is big around the pulse induction current ratio that sick cell bears; Or the reversible perforation of cell membrane is used to promote outside gene to intracellular transfer; Or the increase of cell permeability is used for promoting the blood glucose to get into cell; The increase of skin surface cell or tissue permeability is used to promote that medicine gets into human body from skin; On organization internal or surface or the skin appearance layer add the liquid that contains high permeability material microgranule, comprise normal saline or other mixed liquid of the ferrite nano microgranule that contains the glucose parcel.
10. one kind produces the faradic equipment of high-voltage pulse in object, which comprises at least a DC high-voltage power supply that can produce institute's desired strength; The electric capacity of one or more ability stored electric energies is formed pulse forming network; At least one charge and discharge switch; At least one or one group of induction coil; Behind the waveform and ripple wide release high-voltage pulse of pulse forming network with regulation; High-voltage pulse makes the induction coil group produce the magnetic induction variations of flux of impulse form; Near the spatial excitation of the variation of the magnetic induction flux induction coil group produces the high strength induction field of impulse form; Be positioned over the high strength induction electromotive force of interior of articles generation impulse form pending in the induction field; Induction electromotive force forms the direct current high strength faradic current of impulse form at pending interior of articles with the noncontact mode, and this equipment can produce the high-voltage pulse faradic current with the noncontact mode in pending object.
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