CN102511656A - 脱毒蓖麻粕及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
脱毒蓖麻粕及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102511656A CN102511656A CN2011104460509A CN201110446050A CN102511656A CN 102511656 A CN102511656 A CN 102511656A CN 2011104460509 A CN2011104460509 A CN 2011104460509A CN 201110446050 A CN201110446050 A CN 201110446050A CN 102511656 A CN102511656 A CN 102511656A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- castor
- rice
- oil plant
- dregs
- detoxification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PETSAYFQSGAEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinine Chemical compound COC=1C=CN(C)C(=O)C=1C#N PETSAYFQSGAEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 claims description 43
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 37
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 37
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001208462 Ophisternon bengalense Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021053 average weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001777 castor oil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000221017 Euphorbiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000646357 Monopterus cuchia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于油料饼粕作物脱毒技术领域，具体涉及蓖麻粕的脱毒方法。本发明以榨油后的蓖麻粕为原料，通过物理粉碎、反应釜内部的高温、负压条件以及机械搅拌处理等工序，得到无毒的蓖麻粕，可作为饲料中的蛋白添加剂使用。经检测，本发明所脱毒后的蓖麻粕中粗蛋白含量为36%~40%，蓖麻粕粗蛋白中氨基酸主要组成为Glu-20.05%、Arg-10.97%、Asp-9.64%、Leu-7.81%、Lys-2.24%、Met-1.07%，动物可消化半纤维素含量为20%，蓖麻碱含量≤0.006%。经饲养实验证明，本发明所脱毒后的蓖麻粕可以适量安全地用于猪饲料以及泥鳅、黄鳝等的水产饲料中。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明属于油料作物饼粕脱毒技术领域，具体涉及蓖麻粕的脱毒方法。
二、背景技术
蓖麻为大戟科蓖麻属植物。其经济价值较高，蓖麻籽含约50%的蓖麻油，蓖麻油富含蓖麻醇酸，为12-羟基十八烯酸甘油酯，其含量达90%左右，是一种难得的可再生化工原料。蓖麻籽取油后剩下的残渣称为蓖麻粕。蓖麻粕中含丰富的蛋白质，粗蛋白含量约为36%～40%，其氨基酸组成与豆粕相比有所不同，二者配合使用，可达到氨基酸互补的作用。虽然蓖麻粕营养价值较高，但是由于其含有有毒物质，未经过处理不能直接饲喂动物。作为一种新型的蛋白质资源，蓖麻粕资源的开发是解决蛋白质饲料短缺的有效途径之一。将蓖麻粕中有毒物质去除，使之成为可利用的蛋白质饲料资源，可以在一定程度上弥补蛋白质饲料的不足。
三、发明内容
本发明所述脱毒蓖麻粕是粗蛋白含量为36%~40%，动物可消化半纤维素含量为20%，蓖麻碱含量≤0.006%。本发明需要解决的问题是蓖麻粕的脱毒方法，设计相关脱毒工艺技术，将蓖麻粕中的毒素下降到安全线下程度，同时最大限度保持其营养成分，使蓖麻粕成为一种安全性高、适口性好、营养价值高、成本低的蛋白质饲料来源。
本发明所述脱毒蓖麻粕的制备方法：
（1）粉碎：以榨油后的蓖麻粕为原料，根据比重法剔除明显的蓖麻壳后，将蓖麻粕按照40目的标准粉碎；
（2）处理：将粉碎蓖麻粕从进料口加入反应釜中，控制柜设定参数，温度200~230℃、压强-0.09MPa、转速30转/分、处理时间2.5h~4h；
（3）收集：回收塔收集处理副产物冷凝液，即蓖麻碱溶液；
（4）冷却：处理时间到了以后，从出料口放出物料，至冷却釜中冷却，然后可从进料口加入新一批物料循环生产。
本发明主要设备如图1所示。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
本发明以榨油后的蓖麻粕为原料，通过该方法制备得到的无毒蓖麻粕，经过检测，蓖麻碱含量≤0.006%，经饲养实验证明，可以适量安全地用于猪饲料以及泥鳅、黄鳝等的水产饲料中。
本工艺处理方法简单，无需添加有毒化学物质，处理结果稳定，脱毒率高；工艺属于干法脱毒，较之湿法脱毒，能很好地避免营养物质的流失与破坏，脱完毒的蓖麻粕含水量低，不易发霉，无需再进行干燥处理，利于保存；回收塔能够收集副产物蓖麻碱，蓖麻碱在生物农药的研发上，有一定前景。
四、附图说明
图1为蓖麻粕脱毒装置，图示标注如下：
1.控制柜 2.加热箱 3.搅拌电机 4.进料口
5.出料口 6.回收塔 7.真空泵
五、具体实施方式
以下以具体实施例来说明本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不限于此：
本批次实验，将榨油后的蓖麻粕进行粗筛，去除明显的蓖麻壳后，得到的160kg蓖麻粕（经检测，蓖麻碱含量为0.153%）进行粉碎；将粉碎蓖麻粕从进料口加入反应釜中，根据本次物料量，设置控制柜参数为温度210℃、压强-0.09MPa、转速30转/分、处理时间3.5小时。处理完成后，检测得到以下数据：脱毒蓖麻粕中蓖麻碱含量为0.0038%，收集到蓖麻碱水溶液15L，含蓖麻碱8.6g。
本发明所生产的蓖麻粕粗蛋白含量为38%，与豆粕相比，粗蛋白氨基酸组成有所不同，能起到比较好的氨基酸互补作用。主要氨基酸组成为：Glu-20.05%、Arg-10.97%、Asp-9.64%、Leu-7.81%、Lys-2.24%、Met-1.07%。将脱毒蓖麻粕粗蛋白中氨基酸组成与豆粕蛋白进行对比如下：
| 氨基酸种类 | 蓖麻粕粗蛋白 | 豆粕粗蛋白 |
| Asp | 9.64% | 14.87% |
| Glu | 20.05% | 18.88% |
| Ser | 5.79% | 5.82% |
| His | 2.46% | 2.52% |
| Gly | 6.36% | 4.83% |
| Thr | 3.91% | 4.13% |
| Ala | 6.50% | 4.62% |
| Arg | 10.97% | 7.87% |
| Tyr | 3.65% | 3.75% |
| Cys | 1.16% | 1.31% |
| Val | 6.20% | 4.12% |
| Met | 1.07% | 1.31% |
| Phe | 4.82% | 6.41% |
| Ile | 5.25% | 3.72% |
| Leu | 7.81% | 5.91% |
| Lys | 2.24% | 5.53% |
| Pro | 3.69% | 5.46% |
将本发明所生产的脱毒的蓖麻粕代替部分豆粕（总量占配合饲料的10%）生产猪配合饲料，应用于江苏省农科院动物科学养殖基地生猪喂养实验。实验分4个小组，每组8头仔猪，仔猪均重19.29±2.92kg。经过50天的饲喂，各小组之间在增重上无明显差异，平均增重12.50kg。喂养前后血象指标及血生化指标显示，饲喂添加蓖麻粕饲料的仔猪与饲喂正常饲料的仔猪相比，指标一切正常。
将本发明所生产的脱毒的蓖麻粕代替菜籽粕和花生粕（总量占配合饲料的10%）生产泥鳅配合饲料，应用于泥鳅薄膜池和网箱生态养殖中。在江苏省宜兴市万石水产养殖场推广面积5000平方米，经过3个月的生长，泥鳅个体平均从投放时的规格200尾/公斤增重到130尾/公斤，成活率90%以上；在江苏省常熟市虞虹农业科技有限公司推广面积1万平方米，经过4个月的生长，泥鳅个体平均增重一倍（泥鳅投放的规格为300尾/公斤，试验结束时为150尾/公斤），泥鳅成活率90%以上。与未用蓖麻粕代替的泥鳅配合饲料相比没有差别，证明脱毒蓖麻粕对泥鳅生长没有毒害作用，降低了饲料成本，取得较好的生态经济效益。
Claims (3)
1.一种脱毒蓖麻粕，其特征是粗蛋白含量为36%~40%，动物可消化半纤维素含量为20%，蓖麻碱含量≤0.006%。
2.根据权利要求1所述脱毒蓖麻粕的制备方法，其特征由以下步骤构成：
（1）粉碎：以榨油后的蓖麻粕为原料，根据比重法剔除明显的蓖麻壳后，将蓖麻粕按照40目的标准粉碎；
（2）处理：将（1）中得到的粉碎蓖麻粕从进料口加入反应釜中，控制柜设定参数，温度200~230℃、压强-0.09MPa、转速30转/分、处理时间2.5h~4h；
（3）收集：冷却塔收集处理副产物蓖麻碱；
（4）冷却：处理时间到了以后，从出料口放出物料，至冷却釜中冷却，然后可从进料口加入新一批物料循环生产。
3.权利要求1所述脱毒蓖麻粕在制备动物蛋白饲料中的应用。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104460509A CN102511656A (zh) | 2011-12-28 | 2011-12-28 | 脱毒蓖麻粕及其制备方法和应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104460509A CN102511656A (zh) | 2011-12-28 | 2011-12-28 | 脱毒蓖麻粕及其制备方法和应用 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102511656A true CN102511656A (zh) | 2012-06-27 |
Family
ID=46282963
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104460509A Pending CN102511656A (zh) | 2011-12-28 | 2011-12-28 | 脱毒蓖麻粕及其制备方法和应用 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102511656A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112690365A (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-23 | 内蒙古优然牧业有限责任公司 | 一种饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2297434A (en) * | 1939-02-10 | 1942-09-29 | Rudolph Willi | Detoxication of castor pomace |
| CN1099940A (zh) * | 1994-05-16 | 1995-03-15 | 顺德市大良镇塑料工艺厂 | 植物饼粕脱毒工艺 |
| CN1220837A (zh) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-06-30 | 胡瑞忠 | 蓖麻组织状蛋白的生产方法 |
| CN101695335A (zh) * | 2009-09-27 | 2010-04-21 | 江南大学 | 一种用挤压技术制备无毒饲用蓖麻蛋白的方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-12-28 CN CN2011104460509A patent/CN102511656A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2297434A (en) * | 1939-02-10 | 1942-09-29 | Rudolph Willi | Detoxication of castor pomace |
| CN1099940A (zh) * | 1994-05-16 | 1995-03-15 | 顺德市大良镇塑料工艺厂 | 植物饼粕脱毒工艺 |
| CN1220837A (zh) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-06-30 | 胡瑞忠 | 蓖麻组织状蛋白的生产方法 |
| CN101695335A (zh) * | 2009-09-27 | 2010-04-21 | 江南大学 | 一种用挤压技术制备无毒饲用蓖麻蛋白的方法 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112690365A (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-23 | 内蒙古优然牧业有限责任公司 | 一种饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104041717B (zh) | 一种酒糟制蛋鸡产蛋期专用饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN103664287B (zh) | 一种利用水生植物制备的生物有机肥 | |
| Munguti et al. | Proximate composition of selected potential feedstuffs for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) production in Kenya | |
| CN105566013A (zh) | 一种生物有机肥以及制备方法 | |
| US20120284165A1 (en) | Method for removing carbon dioxide from ocean water and quantifying the carbon dioxide so removed | |
| Arora et al. | Enhancement in in vitro digestibility of wheat straw obtained from different geographical regions during solid state fermentation by white rot fungi. | |
| Zahari et al. | Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia | |
| Karuppannan et al. | Application of poultry industry waste in producing value-added products—A review | |
| CN104803714B (zh) | 动物源废弃物加工产品、其制备方法和应用 | |
| US8545911B2 (en) | Method for removing phorbol ester in organic substance, method for producing high-protein organic substance, high-protein organic substance, method for producing feed and feed | |
| Song et al. | Arachis species: High‐quality forage crops—nutritional properties and breeding strategies to expand their utilization and feeding value | |
| CN102511656A (zh) | 脱毒蓖麻粕及其制备方法和应用 | |
| Andriani et al. | Quality improvement of biomaterial of Lemna sp | |
| Lani et al. | Solid substrate fermentation of sago waste and its evaluation as feed ingredient for red hybrid tilapia | |
| CN103918473A (zh) | 一种动物饲料制备方法 | |
| Al-Mashhadani et al. | Effect of fermentation of wheat bran and barley on the improvement of nutritional value. | |
| CN106615965A (zh) | 一种绿狐尾藻的鸭饲料及制备方法 | |
| CN106578411A (zh) | 一种饲用蜂王胎蛋白及其制备工艺 | |
| CN105884458A (zh) | 水葫芦食用菌培养基及其生产方法 | |
| CN101965903B (zh) | 一种发酵植物蛋白的制备方法 | |
| CN108497179A (zh) | 一种提高牛肉品质的高蛋白青贮芦苇饲料及制备方法 | |
| Reyes et al. | Phytoplankton abundance, diversity, evenness and composition in tilapia ponds fertilized with chicken manure and organic fertilizer | |
| CN104206925B (zh) | 含有文冠果油渣和文冠果壳的羊饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN1711883A (zh) | 一种植物蛋白生产方法 | |
| CN107494927A (zh) | 甘蔗循环利用的方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20120627 |