CN102511423A - Shrimp-crab mariculture system and shrimp-crab mariculture method - Google Patents
Shrimp-crab mariculture system and shrimp-crab mariculture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102511423A CN102511423A CN2011104349249A CN201110434924A CN102511423A CN 102511423 A CN102511423 A CN 102511423A CN 2011104349249 A CN2011104349249 A CN 2011104349249A CN 201110434924 A CN201110434924 A CN 201110434924A CN 102511423 A CN102511423 A CN 102511423A
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Abstract
The invention provides a shrimp-crab mariculture system and a shrimp-crab mariculture method, which belong to the field of aquaculture techniques and are used to solve the technical problem that existing shrimp-crab mariculture systems are low in cultivation efficiency, low in intensive degree and the like. The shrimp-crab mariculture system comprises a seawater purification device, a seawater heating device, a sewage treatment device, a culture pond, a temporary culture pond and a crab breeding device. The shrimp-crab mariculture method includes steps: A, purifying seawater, and heating the purified seawater; B, delivering the heated seawater to the temporary culture pond, the culture pond and culture boxes; C, transferring shrimp seeds to the culture pond, breeding the shrimp seeds into adult shrimps, and breeding crab seeds into adult crabs; D, catching the adult shrimps, disinfecting rich water to breed other shrimps, and catching the adult crabs to breed other crabs. The shrimp-crab mariculture system and the shrimp-crab mariculture method have the advantages of high breeding efficiency, high intensive degree, high survival rate and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural breeding, relate to a kind of system and cultural method thereof with mariculture shrimp and crab.
Background technology
In mariculture industry, most of at present method that adopts open-air pond ecologic breeding and healthy aquaculture, the mode that adopts shrimp, crab, shellfish to raise together with mostly; To such an extent as to the pond all the year round must not be idle; Not free cleaning and sterilization cause pond pollution, germ to break out easily, and culture benefit descends year after year; In order to make upgrading transition of mariculture industry, must found a kind of novel aquaculture model and method.The present invention adopts automatically, energy-saving and environmental protection, industrializing facility cultural method efficiently, meets the direction of China's fishery development, also is simultaneously very effectively and scientific methods.
Has only the patent that adopts the independent culture shrimp of seawater at present like (CN 201557452U) disclosed prawn culturing higher-place pond; It is to be cultured the pond and become the shrimp aquaculture pond to constitute by half buried shrimp seedling; The bottom surface in shrimp seedling breed pond is higher than into the bottom surface 0.9m～1.0m in shrimp aquaculture pond; The shrimp seedling is cultured the pond and become the shrimp aquaculture pond to communicate and be provided with gate therebetween: becoming the bottom surface in shrimp aquaculture pond is that a central part is low; The face that certain slope is arranged that the edge is high becomes in the shrimp aquaculture pond to be provided with dividing plate, and dividing plate is positioned at pond central vertical placement and parallel with long pool wall face.This is cultured high-order pond and has improved the shrimp shoot survival percent, does not organically combine but the device of this breeding shrimp all has to rest other cultivation projects such as shrimp and foster crab, so cause intensification degree and not high enough.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is the problems referred to above to existing technology existence, a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab is provided, one of technical problem to be solved is that realization seawater shrimps and crab are united breed, cultures efficient thereby improve.
Another object of the present invention is a kind of cultural method of utilizing the system of mariculture shrimp and crab that the system according to mariculture shrimp and crab designs, and this cultural method technical problem to be solved is to realize with seawater industrial aquaculture shrimp and crab.
First purpose of the present invention can realize through following technical proposal: a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab; It is characterized in that; Comprise sea-water purifying device, seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant; Native system also comprises a shrimp culture apparatus and a foster crab device, and described sea-water purifying device links to each other with the seawater heating apparatus, and described shrimp culture apparatus all links to each other with seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant with foster crab device; Described shrimp culture apparatus comprises the breed pond that is used for culture shrimp, and the side in this breed pond is provided with the storage pond, holding pond that is used for the culture shrimp seedling, and described breed pond all links to each other with seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant with storage pond, holding pond.
The operation principle of native system is following: elder generation is incorporated into natural seawater in the sea-water purifying device and purifies; Seawater after will purifying then is delivered to the temperature of heating in the seawater heating apparatus to preset; The seawater that to heat then pours into storage pond, holding pond, culture to support in pond and the foster crab device and grow usedly, and the sewage that produces in the breed is again through the sewage-treatment plant decontamination.This device rest crab and foster shrimp puts together the associating breed, make both can a shared sea-water purifying device, seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant, improved the efficient and the intensification degree of culturing.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, described breed pond has two at least, is provided with the corridor between described two breed ponds, and below, described corridor offers underpass, and described foster crab device is positioned at this underpass.Below the corridor of culturing between the pond, underpass is set, and rests the crab device and be arranged in this underpass, can improve the land utilization rate of breed, the multi-level soil that utilizes.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab; Described foster crab device comprises that being arranged in the underpass several can hold the breeding box of a crab at least; Described breeding box has water inlet and delivery port; Described water inlet links to each other with the seawater heating apparatus through inlet channel; Described delivery port links to each other with sewage-treatment plant through outlet pipe, also is provided with on the described breeding box and gets the crab mouth, is in series with a microbe culture pond between described inlet channel and the seawater heating apparatus.The constant temperature seawater that the seawater heating apparatus transfers out pours in the breeding box after pouring in the microbe culture pond and cultivating, and then the mud crab seedling is placed in this breeding box, wait culture adult after, through getting the crab mouth it is taken out.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, described inlet channel comprises a water inlet manifold and a water inlet pipe, and the water inlet of described breeding box links to each other with a water inlet pipe, and described water inlet pipe all links to each other with water inlet manifold.Can a plurality of breeding box parallel connections be supplied water and draining together convenient management through a water inlet manifold and a water inlet pipe.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab; Also offer observation panel on the described breeding box; Be provided with hydraulic inductor and monitoring probe one in the described breeding box, described delivery port place is provided with relief valve, and described hydraulic inductor links to each other with relief valve.It is used that observation panel is mainly used in when culturing at ordinary times manual observation, and monitoring probe one is mainly used in the monitoring of monitoring indoor large-area used, and relief valve is used to adjust the hydraulic pressure in the breeding box.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, be provided with antinose-dive leg in the described underpass, described breeding box is placed on the antinose-dive leg, and this breeding box is all neatly arranged with left and right directions on antinose-dive leg along the vertical direction.The benefit of breeding box proper alignment is to improve the density of unit are, convenient management.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, the height of water level of described storage pond, holding pond is greater than culturing the pond, and storage pond, holding pond and culture and be provided with the connecting line that is communicated with both between the pond, and this connecting line is provided with valve.Shrimp seedling in storage pond, holding pond after breed a period of time can utilize difference in height to swim over to through connecting line and culture in the pond.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, top, described breed pond is provided with the umbrella booth, and the top of this umbrella booth is provided with automatic ventilation equipment and automatic bait-laying device for fish, and the bottom in described breed pond is provided with monitoring probe two.The umbrella booth is built conveniently, after the top is provided with automatic ventilation equipment and automatic bait-laying device for fish, can improve the automaticity of breed.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab; Described umbrella booth comprises a root post; The upper end of described column is installed with the drag-line to radiation all around; The lower end of described drag-line is fixed on the edge of culturing the pond, and described automatic ventilation equipment and automatic bait-laying device for fish are arranged on the top of column.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, described automatic ventilation equipment comprises several fan blowers, and described automatic bait-laying device for fish comprises the bait throwing in machine that circumferentially is slidingly connected on the column, and described bait throwing in machine adopts Motor Drive.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, the preferred version of described drag-line is the wall scroll steel wire, diameter at 2.0mm between the 3.0mm.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, xoncrete structure is adopted in described breed pond, is that the bottom of a pan shape and central authorities are connected with blow-off pipe at the bottom of the pond in this breed pond, and described blow-off pipe links to each other with sewage-treatment plant.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab; Described sea-water purifying device comprises sedimentation basin, one-level sand filter, cistern and the secondary sand filter that is connected successively; Described sedimentation basin and seawater are communicated with, and described secondary sand filter and seawater heating apparatus are connected.Seawater is made precipitation process through sedimentation basin earlier, makes preliminary filtration treatment through the one-level sand filter then, in cistern, saves then, makes further filtration treatment through the secondary sand filter then.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, the bottom of described secondary sand filter is provided with microorganism net and active carbon layer.Microorganism net and active carbon layer can filter out the unnecessary organic matter and other harmful substances in the seawater.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab; Described seawater heating apparatus comprises fresh water feed mechanism, source pump, thermal energy converter and the preheating pond that links to each other successively; Described preheating pond and secondary sand filter, thermal energy converter are connected, and described source pump also is connected with a fresh water recovering mechanism.The fresh water feed mechanism provides fresh water to source pump, is delivered in the thermal energy converter after source pump heats to fresh water and carries out heat exchange with seawater, and the seawater water temperature through thermal energy converter is increased.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, described fresh water feed mechanism comprises a bite fresh water well at least, and described fresh water recovering mechanism comprises a bite back water well at least.
In above-mentioned a kind of system with mariculture shrimp and crab, described sewage-treatment plant comprises sewage collecting pipe and treatment tank, and described sewage collecting pipe and above-mentioned blow-off pipe, the outlet pipe of breeding box are connected.
Second goal of the invention of the present invention can realize through following technical proposal:
A kind of cultural method of utilizing the system of mariculture shrimp and crab comprises the steps:
A, natural seawater introduced in the sea-water purifying device purify, the seawater after will purifying then is delivered to heats in the seawater heating apparatus between 20 ℃ to 28 ℃.
B, the seawater that will pass through after the seawater heating apparatus is heated are delivered to storage pond, holding pond, culture pond and culture pond, after the culture pond microbe culture, are delivered to breeding box.
C, the shrimp seedling is cultured 50 days to 70 days to becoming shrimp in shrimp culture apparatus, juvenile crab is put into breeding box culture 3 to 5 months to becoming crab, the corresponding breeding box of each juvenile crab;
D, the one-tenth shrimp in the shrimp culture apparatus risen catch, sterilization rich water repeats to support shrimp, the one-tenth crab in the breeding box is risen catch, and repeats to support crab then.
We's ratio juris is to rest shrimp and the shared water supply installation of foster crab; Support and to be divided into the shrimp seedling in the process of shrimp and in storage pond, holding pond, to culture and become shrimp in the breed pond, to culture; The process of supporting crab is to be placed in the breeding box to culture separately; Realize the comprehensive utilization of seawater treatment apparatus so to the full extent, the independent breed of juvenile crab simultaneously can prevent to cut one another's throat, and improves survival rate.
In the cultural method of above-mentioned a kind of system that utilizes mariculture shrimp and crab; The sedimentation basin that earlier seawater is incorporated in the sea-water purifying device in the described steps A precipitates; The one-level sand filter that is delivered to then in this device filters; The cistern that is delivered to then in this device stores; With water pump the secondary sand filter that the seawater in the cistern is delivered in this device is refiltered then, the thermal energy converter that is incorporated into then in the seawater heating apparatus is heated, and the seawater after heating is incorporated in the preheating pond store.
In the cultural method of above-mentioned a kind of system that utilizes mariculture shrimp and crab, the temperature of heating in the described steps A is preferably 25 ℃.
In the cultural method of above-mentioned a kind of system that utilizes mariculture shrimp and crab; Shrimp culture apparatus among the described step C comprises storage pond, holding pond and cultures the pond; The shrimp seedling is put into storage pond, holding pond earlier and was cultured 10 days to 20 days, the shrimp seedling in the storage pond, holding pond is transferred in the corresponding breed pond of one of which side cultures into shrimp then.
In the cultural method of above-mentioned a kind of system that utilizes mariculture shrimp and crab, the culturing time of shrimp seedling in storage pond, holding pond is preferably 15 days; The culturing time of shrimp seedling in culturing the pond is preferably 60 days; The juvenile crab culturing time is preferably 4 months, and juvenile crab is cultured every year will culture 3 batches, the culture shrimp seedling with becomes the shrimp one-period approximately to be controlled at three months, every year, breed was 4 batches, the shrimp seedling is put in the storage pond, holding pond and is cultured in February, May, August, November respectively.
Compared with prior art, this device rest crab and foster shrimp puts together the associating breed, make both can a shared sea-water purifying device, seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant, improved the efficient and the intensification degree of culturing.Below the corridor of culturing between the pond, underpass is set, and rests the crab device and be arranged in this underpass, can improve the land utilization rate of breed, the multi-level soil that utilizes.This cultural method is rested and is divided into the shrimp seedling in the process of shrimp and in storage pond, holding pond, cultures and become shrimp in culturing the pond, to culture; The process of supporting crab is to be placed in the breeding box to culture separately; Realize the comprehensive utilization of seawater treatment apparatus so to the full extent; The independent breed of juvenile crab simultaneously can prevent to cut one another's throat, and improves survival rate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of the system of this usefulness mariculture shrimp and crab.
Fig. 2 is the distribution map of culturing pond and storage pond, holding pond.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of culturing pond and umbrella booth.
Fig. 4 is the schematic top plan view of underpass and foster crab device.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of breeding box.
Among the figure, 1, culture the pond; 2, storage pond, holding pond; 3, support the crab device; 4, underpass; 5, breeding box; 5a, water inlet; 5b, delivery port; 5c, get the crab mouth; 5d, observation panel; 5e, relief valve; 5f, monitoring probe one; 6, antinose-dive leg; 7, umbrella booth; 7a, drag-line; 7b, column; 8, automatic ventilation equipment; 9, automatic bait-laying device for fish; 10, blow-off pipe; 11, sedimentation basin; 12, one-level sand filter; 13, cistern; 14, secondary sand filter; 15, source pump; 16, thermal energy converter; 17, preheating pond; 18, fresh water well; 19, back water well; 20, lift pump; 21, culture pond.
Embodiment
Below be specific embodiment of the present invention and combine accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is done further to describe, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3; The system of this usefulness mariculture shrimp and crab comprises sea-water purifying device, seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant; Native system also comprises a shrimp culture apparatus and a foster crab device 3, and shrimp culture apparatus comprises the breed pond 1 that is used for culture shrimp, and the side in this breed pond 1 is provided with the storage pond, holding pond 2 that is used for the culture shrimp seedling; Sea-water purifying device links to each other with the seawater heating apparatus, and breed pond 1, storage pond, holding pond 2 all link to each other with seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant with foster crab device 3.
Sea-water purifying device comprises sedimentation basin 11, one-level sand filter 12, cistern 13 and the secondary sand filter 14 that is connected successively, and sedimentation basin 11 is communicated with seawater, and secondary sand filter 14 is connected with the seawater heating apparatus.Seawater is made precipitation process through sedimentation basin 11 earlier, is delivered to one-level sand filter 12 with lift pump 20 then, makes preliminary filtration treatment through one-level sand filter 12, and savings in cistern 13 are then made further filtration treatment through secondary sand filter 14 then.The bottom of secondary sand filter 14 is provided with microorganism net and active carbon layer.Microorganism net and active carbon layer can filter out the unnecessary organic matter and other harmful substances in the seawater.The seawater heating apparatus comprises fresh water feed mechanism, source pump 15, thermal energy converter 16 and the preheating pond 17 that links to each other successively, and preheating pond 17 is connected with secondary sand filter 14, thermal energy converter 16, and source pump 15 also is connected with a fresh water recovering mechanism.The fresh water feed mechanism provides fresh water for source pump 15, is delivered in the thermal energy converter 16 after source pump 15 heats to fresh water and carries out heat exchange with seawater, and the seawater water temperature through thermal energy converter 16 is increased.The fresh water feed mechanism comprises a bite fresh water well 18 at least, and the fresh water recovering mechanism comprises a bite back water well 19 at least.Sewage-treatment plant comprises sewage collecting pipe and treatment tank, and sewage collecting pipe and above-mentioned blow-off pipe 10, the outlet pipe of breeding box 5 are connected.
Like Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5; Support crab device 3 and comprise that being arranged in the underpass 4 several can hold the breeding box 5 of a crab at least; Be provided with antinose-dive leg 6 in the underpass 4; Breeding box 5 is placed on the antinose-dive leg 6, and this breeding box 5 is all neatly arranged with left and right directions on antinose-dive leg 6 along the vertical direction.The benefit of breeding box 5 proper alignment is to improve the density of unit are, convenient management.Breeding box 5 has water inlet 5a and delivery port 5b, and water inlet 5a links to each other with the seawater heating apparatus through inlet channel, and delivery port 5b links to each other with sewage-treatment plant through outlet pipe, also is provided with on the breeding box 5 and gets crab mouth 5c.Be in series with a microbe culture pond 21 between inlet channel and the seawater heating apparatus.The constant temperature seawater that the seawater heating apparatus transfers out pours in the breeding box after pouring into and cultivating in the microbe culture pond 21.Inlet channel comprises a water inlet manifold and a water inlet pipe, and the water inlet 5a of breeding box 5 links to each other with a water inlet pipe, and a water inlet pipe all links to each other with water inlet manifold.Can a plurality of breeding box 5 parallel connections be supplied water and draining together convenient management through a water inlet manifold and a water inlet pipe.The constant temperature seawater that the seawater heating apparatus transfers out pours in the breeding box 5, then the mud crab seedling is placed in this breeding box 5, wait culture adult after, through getting crab mouth 5c it is taken out.In the present embodiment, be divided into 5 sections in the underpass 4, every section both sides are provided with 1000 breeding box 5, altogether 10000 breeding box 5.Also offer observation panel 5d on the breeding box 5, be provided with hydraulic inductor and monitoring probe one 5f in the breeding box 5, delivery port 5b place is provided with relief valve 5e, and hydraulic inductor links to each other with relief valve 5e.It is used that observation panel 5d is mainly used in when culturing at ordinary times manual observation, and monitoring probe one 5f is mainly used in the monitoring of monitoring indoor large-area used, and relief valve 5e is used to adjust the hydraulic pressure in the breeding box 5.
The height of water level of storage pond, holding pond 2 is greater than culturing pond 1, and storage pond, holding pond 2 and culture and be provided with the connecting line that is communicated with both between the pond 1, and this connecting line is provided with valve.Shrimp seedling in storage pond, holding pond 2 after breed a period of time can utilize difference in height to swim over to through connecting line and culture in the pond 1.Culture 1 top, pond and be provided with umbrella booth 7, the top of this umbrella booth 7 is provided with automatic ventilation equipment 8 and automatic bait-laying device for fish 9, and the bottom of culturing pond 1 is provided with monitoring probe two.Umbrella booth 7 is built conveniently, after the top is provided with automatic ventilation equipment 8 and automatic bait-laying device for fish 9, can improve the automaticity of breed.Umbrella booth 7 comprises a root post 7b, and the upper end of column 7b is installed with the drag-line 7a to radiation all around, and the lower end of drag-line 7a is fixed on the edge of culturing pond 1, and automatic ventilation equipment 8 and automatic bait-laying device for fish 9 are arranged on the top of column 7b.Automatic ventilation equipment 8 comprises several fan blowers, and bait-laying device for fish 9 comprises the bait throwing in machine that circumferentially is slidingly connected on the column 7b automatically, and the bait throwing in machine adopts Motor Drive.The preferred version of drag-line 7a is the wall scroll steel wire, diameter at 2.0mm between the 3.0mm.Culturing pond 1 and adopt xoncrete structure, is that the bottom of a pan shape and central authorities are connected with blow-off pipe 10 at the bottom of the pond in this breed pond 1, and blow-off pipe 10 links to each other with sewage-treatment plant.Blow-off pipe 10 adopts polyethylene pipe to process diameter 250mm, the dark 2.5m in pond.
The operation principle of native system is following: elder generation is incorporated into natural seawater in the sea-water purifying device and purifies; Seawater after will purifying then is delivered to the temperature of heating in the seawater heating apparatus to preset; The seawater that to heat then pours into storage pond, holding pond 2, culture to support in pond 1 and the foster crab device 3 and grow usedly, and the sewage that produces in the breed is again through the sewage-treatment plant decontamination.This device rest crab and foster shrimp puts together the associating breed, make both can a shared sea-water purifying device, seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant, improved the efficient and the intensification degree of culturing.
The method of this usefulness mariculture shrimp and crab comprises the steps:
A, natural seawater introduced in the sea-water purifying device purify, the seawater after will purifying then is delivered to heats in the seawater heating apparatus between 20 ℃ to 28 ℃, is preferably 25 ℃ in the present embodiment.Be that the sedimentation basin 11 that earlier seawater is incorporated in the sea-water purifying device precipitates specifically; The one-level sand filter 12 that is delivered to then in this device filters; The cistern 13 that is delivered to then in this device stores; With water pump the secondary sand filter 14 that the seawater in the cistern 13 is delivered in this device is refiltered then, the thermal energy converter 16 that is incorporated into then in the seawater heating apparatus is heated, and the seawater after heating is incorporated in the preheating pond 17 store;
B, the seawater that will pass through after the seawater heating apparatus is heated are delivered to storage pond, holding pond 2, culture pond 1 and culture pond 21, after culture pond 21 microbe culture, are delivered to breeding box 5;
C, the shrimp seedling is put into storage pond, holding pond 2 cultured 10 days to 20 days, then the shrimp seedling in the storage pond, holding pond 2 is transferred in the corresponding breed pond 1 of one of which side, the culturing time of shrimp seedling in storage pond, holding pond 2 is preferably 15 days; The shrimp seedling is cultured 50 days to 70 days to becoming shrimp in culturing pond 1, become the shrimp aquaculture time to be preferably 60 days; The culture shrimp seedling with become the shrimp one-period approximately to be controlled at three months; 4 batches of annual breed; The shrimp seedling is put in the storage pond, holding pond 2 in February, May, August, November respectively and is cultured, and juvenile crab is put into breeding box 5 culture 3 to 5 months to becoming crab, the corresponding breeding box 5 of each juvenile crab; The juvenile crab culturing time is preferably 4 months, and juvenile crab is cultured and will culture 3 batches every year;
D, will culture one-tenth shrimp in the pond 1 and rise and catch, sterilization rich water repeats to support shrimp, the one-tenth crab in the breeding box 5 is risen catch, and repeats to support crab then.
We's ratio juris is to rest shrimp and the shared water supply installation of foster crab; Support and to be divided into the shrimp seedling in the process of shrimp and in storage pond, holding pond 2, to culture and becomes shrimp breed in breed pond 1; The process of supporting crab is to be placed in the breeding box 5 to culture separately; Realize the comprehensive utilization of seawater treatment apparatus so to the full extent, the independent breed of juvenile crab simultaneously can prevent to cut one another's throat, and improves survival rate.
Specific embodiment described herein only is that the present invention's spirit is illustrated.Person of ordinary skill in the field of the present invention can make various modifications or replenishes or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. system with mariculture shrimp and crab; It is characterized in that; Comprise sea-water purifying device, seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant; Native system also comprises a shrimp culture apparatus and a foster crab device (3), and described sea-water purifying device links to each other with the seawater heating apparatus, and described shrimp culture apparatus all links to each other with seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant with foster crab device (3).
2. a kind of system according to claim 1 with mariculture shrimp and crab; It is characterized in that; Described shrimp culture apparatus comprises the breed pond (1) that is used for culture shrimp; The side in this breed pond (1) is provided with the storage pond, holding pond (2) that is used for the culture shrimp seedling, and described breed pond (1) all links to each other with seawater heating apparatus and sewage-treatment plant with storage pond, holding pond (2), and described foster crab device (3) comprises that several can hold the breeding box (5) of a crab at least; Described breeding box (5) has water inlet (5a) and delivery port (5b); Described water inlet (5a) links to each other with the seawater heating apparatus through inlet channel, and described delivery port (5b) links to each other with sewage-treatment plant through outlet pipe, also is provided with on the described breeding box (5) and gets crab mouth (5c).
3. a kind of system according to claim 2 with mariculture shrimp and crab; It is characterized in that; Also offer observation panel (5d) on the described breeding box (5); Be provided with hydraulic inductor and monitoring probe one (5f) in the described breeding box (5), described delivery port (5b) locates to be provided with relief valve (5e), and described hydraulic inductor links to each other with relief valve (5e).
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of systems with mariculture shrimp and crab; It is characterized in that; Described breed pond (1) has two at least, is provided with the corridor between described two breed ponds (1), and below, described corridor offers underpass (4); Described foster crab device (3) is positioned at this underpass (4); Be provided with antinose-dive leg (6) in the described underpass (4), described breeding box (5) is placed on the antinose-dive leg (6), and this breeding box (5) is all neatly arranged with left and right directions on antinose-dive leg (6) along the vertical direction; The height of water level of described storage pond, holding pond (2) is greater than culturing pond (1), and storage pond, holding pond (2) is provided with both connecting lines of connection with culturing between the pond (1), and this connecting line is provided with valve.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of systems with mariculture shrimp and crab; It is characterized in that; Top, described breed pond (1) is provided with umbrella booth (7); The top of this umbrella booth (7) is provided with automatic ventilation equipment (8) and automatic bait-laying device for fish (9), and the bottom in described breed pond (1) is provided with monitoring probe two.
6. a kind of system according to claim 5 with mariculture shrimp and crab; It is characterized in that; Described umbrella booth (7) comprises a root post (7b); The upper end of described column (7b) is installed with the drag-line (7a) to radiation all around, and the lower end of described drag-line (7a) is fixed on the edge of culturing pond (1), and described automatic ventilation equipment (8) and automatic bait-laying device for fish (9) are arranged on the top of column (7b); Described automatic ventilation equipment (8) comprises several fan blowers, and described automatic bait-laying device for fish (9) comprises the bait throwing in machine that circumferentially is slidingly connected on the column (7b), and described bait throwing in machine adopts Motor Drive.
7. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of systems with mariculture shrimp and crab; It is characterized in that; Described sea-water purifying device comprises sedimentation basin (11), one-level sand filter (12), cistern (13) and the secondary sand filter (14) that is connected successively; Described sedimentation basin (11) and seawater are communicated with, and described secondary sand filter (14) and seawater heating apparatus are connected; Described seawater heating apparatus comprises successively the fresh water feed mechanism that links to each other, source pump (15), thermal energy converter (16) and preheating pond (17); Described preheating pond (17) and secondary sand filter (14), thermal energy converter (16) are connected, and described source pump (15) also is connected with a fresh water recovering mechanism.
8. a cultural method of utilizing the system of any described mariculture shrimp of above-mentioned claim 1-7 and crab comprises the steps:
A, natural seawater introduced in the sea-water purifying device purify, the seawater after will purifying then is delivered to heats in the seawater heating apparatus between 20 ℃ to 28 ℃;
B, one one in the seawater that will pass through after the seawater heating apparatus is heated are delivered to shrimp culture apparatus, and another one is delivered to culture pond (21), after culture pond (21) microbe culture, are delivered to breeding box (5);
C, the shrimp seedling is cultured 50 days to 70 days to becoming shrimp in shrimp culture apparatus, juvenile crab is put into breeding box (5) culture 3 to 5 months to becoming crab, the corresponding breeding box (5) of each juvenile crab;
D, the one-tenth shrimp in the shrimp culture apparatus risen catch, sterilization rich water repeats to support shrimp, the one-tenth crab in the breeding box (5) is risen catch, and repeats to support crab then.
9. a kind of cultural method of utilizing the system of mariculture shrimp and crab according to claim 8; It is characterized in that the sedimentation basin (11) that earlier seawater is incorporated in the sea-water purifying device in the described steps A precipitates, the one-level sand filter (12) that is delivered to then in this device filters; The cistern (13) that is delivered to then in this device stores; With water pump the secondary sand filter (14) that the seawater in the cistern (13) is delivered in this device is refiltered then, the thermal energy converter (16) that is incorporated into then in the seawater heating apparatus is heated, and the seawater after heating is incorporated in the preheating pond (17) store.
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described a kind of cultural methods of utilizing the system of mariculture shrimp and crab; It is characterized in that; Shrimp culture apparatus among the described step C comprises storage pond, holding pond (2) and cultures pond (1); The shrimp seedling is put into storage pond, holding pond (2) earlier and was cultured 10 days to 20 days, the shrimp seedling in the storage pond, holding pond (2) is transferred in the corresponding breed pond (1) of one of which side cultures into shrimp then.
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