CN102506418A - Low emission high efficiency grate-firing combustion device and method - Google Patents
Low emission high efficiency grate-firing combustion device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102506418A CN102506418A CN2011103190447A CN201110319044A CN102506418A CN 102506418 A CN102506418 A CN 102506418A CN 2011103190447 A CN2011103190447 A CN 2011103190447A CN 201110319044 A CN201110319044 A CN 201110319044A CN 102506418 A CN102506418 A CN 102506418A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low emission high efficiency grate-firing combustion device and a method. The method is characterized in that coal dust and a sulfur-fixing agent are fully mixed so as to enter into a grate-fired furnace through a hopper, a gas recirculation and spray water combined technology is utilized to rapidly pyrolyze coal dust so as to generate reducing gas, recirculation fume is utilized to carry the reducing gas and part of fine granule semicoke to enter into a recrudescence region in the furnace, and the combustion flow of the furnace is strengthened; and the purpose of reduction NOx is achieved, the no-burnout grains are continually combusted above a combustor, staged combustion of a fuel in the furnace is realized in a hearth, and meanwhile, and the combustion efficiency of the grate-fired furnace is also improved. According to the invention, the grate-fired furnace is introduced through a fuel staged combustion technology, on the one hand, the NOx and SOx discharge of the grate-fired furnace is reduced through combustion adjustment, namely, the NOx deprivation rate is 35%-55%, the SOx deprivation rate is more than 80%, thereby protecting an atmospheric environment; on the other hand, the combustion efficiency of the grate-fired furnace is improved by 1%-2%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the clear energy sources technical field, be specifically related to a kind of NOx and SOx discharging, can also improve the efficiency of combustion of grate furnace through burning method of adjustment (flue gas recirculating technique combines with water spray steam technology) reduction grate furnace.
Background technology
Industrial Boiler is to have a large capacity and a wide range in the application characteristic of China, and although about 550,000 of present running Industrial Boiler is along with the raising of development and national economy and living standards of the people; The quantity of fuel oil and gas fired-boiler increases gradually, but because China's fuel is to be main with coal, thereby most of Industrial Boiler is a coal-burning boiler; And mainly be grate furnace; Because aspects such as design and operations, the thermal efficiency of industrial boilers in China is generally lower, in order to improve the thermal efficiency; Normally improve temperature levels in the stove; Impel flameholding, burn-off rate height, but often cause the increase of NOx discharge capacity like this, the NOx discharge capacity that how to reduce small-sized industrial boiler seems urgent day by day.
(application number: 200710120221.2) application discloses a kind of low pollution efficient burning method of grate firing boiler to patent of invention " coal thermal decomposition grate firing apparatus and combustion method thereof ".But the generation that fuel gas that in this patent because grate furnace oxidative pyrolysis chamber produces and granule semicoke can reduce NOx because the pyrolysis chamber is in oxidation environment (air) and the relatively low situation generation of temperature pyrolysis, therefore produces reducing gas (NH
i, HCN, CH
i, H
2With CO etc.) less, and pyrolysis rate is lower, particularly for soft coal, produces reducing gas still less, the reducing NOx DeGrain; This patent influences exerting oneself of boiler owing to the oxidative pyrolysis chamber is set in grate furnace; In addition, the transformation to boiler body in practical applications of this patent is bigger, and construction is difficulty comparatively.Along with the raising day by day of environmental requirement, will be strict more to the NOx discharging, so the industrial usability of this patent is relatively poor, can not satisfy the environmental requirement of increasingly stringent.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency and efficient grate firing burner of a kind of low emission and method are provided, the technology that this kind method utilizes flue gas recirculation and water spray vapor phase to combine comes rapid pyrolysis coal dust to produce reducing gas (NH
i, HCN, CH
i, H
2With CO etc.); And be used for carrying the reburning zone in reducibility gas and the part granule semicoke entering stove through flue gas recycled; And it is mobile to strengthen the stove internal combustion, reaches the purpose of reducing NOx, and the uncombusted particle burns away above the combustion chamber; In burner hearth, realize stove fuel fractional combustion, can also improve the efficiency of combustion of grate furnace simultaneously.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
The efficient grate firing burner of a kind of low emission; Comprise combustion chamber, fire grate; Be divided into the reburning zone of primary zone, primary zone top in the combustion chamber and near combustion chamber burning-out zone suitable for reading; The combustion chamber is provided with the flue gas export mouth that communicates with the primary zone of combustion chamber, the flue gas recycled nozzle that communicates with the reburning zone of combustion chamber, communicate with the combustion chamber Inner Front End and at the steam spray nozzle of flue gas recycled nozzle; The flue gas recycled nozzle connects the outer la farr pipe mixing bellows in combustion chamber, and la farr pipe mixing bellows one tunnel communicate with the flue gas export mouth, leads up to circulating fan, gas-solid separator to export with the tail gas of combustion chamber and communicate; Described fire grate is established the flue gas recirculation air compartment near the part bottom of charging aperture and is communicated with la farr pipe mixing bellows.
Described flue gas recycled nozzle is located at the front end of combustion chamber, and is obliquely installed, and air-flow is flowed to the back lower place by the front upper place.
Described steam spray nozzle is connected with water vapour through the cyclic steam pump.
The efficient grate firing combustion method of a kind of low emission fully mixes coal dust and sulphur-fixing agent and to send into the combustion chamber, coal dust in heating, spray into a spot of water vapour, rapid pyrolysis takes place down, generation reducing gas (NHi, HCN, CH in the high temperature flue gas recycled during the bottom feeds simultaneously
i, H
2With CO etc.); Reducing gas that produces and the part granule semicoke that is mingled with enter into the reburning zone under the effect of the middle high temperature recirculated air that sprays into; The NOx that the burning of reduction primary zone generates; The uncombusted particle burns away in the combustion combustion district of combustion chamber; Warm flue gas recycled during the tail gas that produces of having burnt extracts and forms after the dedusting; In warm flue gas recycled mix with the high temperature circulation flue gas of drawing from the primary zone form the high temperature flue gas recycled get into the combustion chamber and supply above-mentioned burning to use that (coal dust and sulphur-fixing agent are called the primary zone in the first-stage burning zone that the grate furnace fire grate carries out; Reducing gas and granule semicoke then are called the reburning zone in the secondary firing zone sent into of the flue gas recycled nozzle act above fire grate, and the uncombusted particle forms third level combustion zone with " fiery windward " through the rear arch guide effect and is called burning-out zone above the reburning zone).
Described pyrolysis is in the hypoxemia atmosphere, and high temperature flue gas recycled oxygen content was 3%～10% (v/v) during the control bottom fed.
The temperature range of high temperature flue gas recycled is 350 ℃～450 ℃ in described, accounts for 15%～25% (v/v) of global cycle flue gas volume amount.
The temperature range of described high temperature circulation flue gas is 1150 ℃～1250 ℃, accounts for 75%～85% (v/v) of global cycle flue gas volume amount.
The part that high temperature flue gas recycled bottom feeds in described accounts for the 20%-80% (v/v) of total amount, and the part that sprays into accounts for the 20%-80% (v/v) of total amount, can be through valve control.
The described middle high temperature flue gas recycled that sprays into (promptly carrying reducibility gas and part granule semicoke) speed is 15m/s～30m/s.
Described steam spray nozzle working steam pressure is 4～9 * 10
5Pa, speed 20m/s～30m/s, water vapour sprayed in the grate furnace feed starting stage.Steam rates feeds according to the 10%-35% of the moisture of coal, and the big more feeding of moisture content of coal is few more.
The mixed proportion scope of described sulphur-fixing agent is to calculate 100～1300 ℃ of heating-up temperatures by 1.5%～2.5% of the quality of coal.
It is that the middle temperature flue gas recycled of boiler tail and mix from the high temperature flue gas recycled that burner hearth is drawn obtains that grate furnace adopts flue gas recycled; Warm flue gas recycled wherein is because fly ash content is higher; Need to separate back (efficiency of dust collection 60%～80%) through gas-solid separator; Enter in the la farr pipe mixing bellows through circulating fan, middle temperature amount of circulating gas accounts for 15%～25% of global cycle exhaust gas volumn; High temperature circulation flue gas in obtaining after the high temperature flue gas recycled passes through la farr pipe and middle temperature flue gas recycled mixes.In the high temperature circulation flue gas be divided into two strands, wherein one with spray into the rapid pyrolysis coal dust of a spot of water vapour mating reaction, produce a large amount of reducing gas (NH
i, HCN, CH
i, H
2With CO etc.), another strand is used for carrying reducibility gas through flue gas recycled and part granule semicoke gets into the reburning zone in the stove, and strengthen the stove internal combustion and flow, and reaches the purpose of reducing NOx.The homophase means of chemical reaction of reproducibility reducing NOx is following:
NO and Ammonia (NH in the reducing atmosphere
i) and nitrogen-atoms (N) reaction generation N
2, key reaction has:
NO+NH→N
2+OH (1)
NO+NH
2→N
2+H
2O (2)
NO+N→N
2+O (3)
NO and hydrocarbon root (CH in the reducing atmosphere
i) combination generation cyanogen (HCN)
NO+CH
2→HCN+OH (5)
NO+CH
3→HCN+H
2O (6)
HCN and O, OH, H press reaction and generate intermediate product cyanogen oxide:
HCN+O→NCO+H (7)
HCN+OH→HNCO+H (8)
The cyanogen oxide is converted into Ammonia in reducing atmosphere:
NCO+H→NH+CO (9)
HNCO+H→NH
2+CO (10)
NH+H→N+H
2 (11)
NH
2+NH
2→NH
3+NH (12)
The NH that generates
iIn reducing atmosphere, then can NO be reduced to N by formula (1), (2), (3) as running into NO
2
H
2Mainly carry out with the reaction of NO through following reaction path:
H
2+O
2→H+H
2O (13)
H
2+H
2O→H+H+H
2O (14)
H+NO+M→HNO+M (15)
H
2+HNO→H
2O+NH (16)
HNO+H→NH+OH (17)
Under hot conditions, the CO reductive NO is mainly through following reaction:
CO+NO→CO
2+N (18)
The present invention is through introducing grate furnace with flue gas recirculating technique and water spray steam technology; The middle high temperature circulation flue gas (about 600 ℃) that adopts mixing to obtain on the one hand is incorporated into the flue gas recirculation air compartment; With spray into the rapid pyrolysis coal dust of a spot of water vapour mating reaction, produce a large amount of reducing gas (NHi, HCN, CHi, H2 and CO etc.); On the other hand through be used for carrying the reburning zone in reducibility gas and the part granule semicoke entering stove at face arch design flue gas recycled nozzle; Above the primary zone of combustion chamber, form fuel-rich regions; The NOx that the burning of reduction primary zone generates reduces the conversion of fuel bound nitrogen to NOx, and the uncombusted particle burns away above the combustion chamber; In burner hearth, realize stove fuel fractional combustion, can also improve the efficiency of combustion of grate furnace simultaneously.Described NOx removal efficiency is 35%～55%, and the SOx removal efficiency is more than 80%, and the grate furnace efficiency of combustion improves 1%～2%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 apparatus of the present invention structural representation;
Wherein: 1. hopper, 2. flue gas recycled nozzle, 3. face arch, 4. drum; 5. gas-solid separator, 6. circulating fan, 7. air air compartment, 8. flue gas recirculation air compartment; 9. fire grate, 10. la farr pipe, 11. combustion chambers, 12. flue gas export mouths; 13. steam spray nozzle, 14. cyclic steam pumps, I primary zone, II reburning zone, III burning-out zone.
The specific embodiment
The efficient grate firing burner of a kind of low emission; Comprise combustion chamber 11, fire grate 9; Be divided into the reburning zone II of primary zone I, primary zone top in the combustion chamber 11 and near combustion chamber burning-out zone III suitable for reading; The flue gas recycled nozzle 2 that combustion chamber 11 is provided with the steam spray nozzle 13 that communicates with the front end of combustion chamber 11, the flue gas export mouth 12 that communicates with the primary zone I of combustion chamber 11, communicates with the reburning zone II of combustion chamber 11; Outer la farr pipe the mixings bellows 10 in flue gas recycled nozzle 2 connection combustion chambers 11, la farr pipe 10 one tunnel communicates with flue gas export mouth 12, leads up to circulating fan 6, gas-solid separator 5 to export with the tail gas of combustion chamber 11 and communicate; Described fire grate 9 is established flue gas recirculation air compartment 8 near the part bottom of charging aperture and is communicated with la farr pipe mixing bellows 10.
Described flue gas recycled nozzle 2 is located at the front end of combustion chamber 11, and is obliquely installed, and air-flow is flowed to the back lower place by the front upper place.
Described steam spray nozzle 13 is connected with water vapour through cyclic steam pump 14.
The efficient grate firing combustion method of a kind of low emission fully mixes coal dust and sulphur-fixing agent and to send into the combustion chamber, coal dust in heating, spray into a spot of water vapour, rapid pyrolysis takes place down, generation reducing gas (NH in the high temperature flue gas recycled during the bottom feeds simultaneously
i, HCN, CH
i, H
2With CO etc.); Reducing gas that produces and the part granule semicoke that is mingled with enter into the reburning zone under the effect of the middle high temperature recirculated air that sprays into; The NOx that the burning of reduction primary zone generates; The uncombusted particle fires to distinguish in the combustion of combustion chamber and burns away, and the tail gas that produces that burnt extracts warm flue gas recycled in the formation, and middle temperature flue gas recycled mixes the above-mentioned burning use of high temperature flue gas recycled entering combustion chamber confession the formation with the high temperature circulation flue gas of drawing from the primary zone.
Described pyrolysis is in the hypoxemia atmosphere, and high temperature flue gas recycled oxygen content was 10% (v/v) during the control bottom fed.
The temperature range of high temperature flue gas recycled is 350 ℃ in described, accounts for 15% of global cycle flue gas volume amount.
The temperature range of described high temperature circulation flue gas is 1150 ℃, accounts for 85% of global cycle flue gas volume amount.
The part that high temperature flue gas recycled bottom feeds in described accounts for 20% (v/v) of total amount, and the part that sprays into accounts for 80% (v/v) of total amount.
Described steam spray nozzle working steam pressure is 4 * 10
5Pa, speed 20m/s, water vapour sprayed in the grate furnace feed starting stage.
The mixed proportion scope of described sulphur-fixing agent is to calculate by 1.5% of coal, and heating-up temperature is 1300 ℃.
The described middle high temperature flue gas recycled that sprays into (promptly carrying reducibility gas and part granule semicoke) speed is 20m/s.
The mixed proportion scope of described sulphur-fixing agent is to calculate 1200 ℃ of heating-up temperatures by 1.5% of the quality of coal.
The NOx removal efficiency is about 42%, and the SOx removal efficiency is about 87%, and the grate furnace efficiency of combustion improves about 1.2%.
The efficient grate firing combustion method of a kind of low emission fully mixes coal dust and sulphur-fixing agent and to send into the combustion chamber, coal dust in heating, spray into a spot of water vapour, rapid pyrolysis takes place down, generation reducing gas (NHi, HCN, CH in the high temperature flue gas recycled during the bottom feeds simultaneously
i, H
2With CO etc.); Reducing gas that produces and the part granule semicoke that is mingled with enter into the reburning zone under the effect of the middle high temperature recirculated air that sprays into; The NOx that the burning of reduction primary zone generates; The uncombusted particle burns away in the combustion combustion district of combustion chamber; Warm flue gas recycled during the tail gas that produces of having burnt extracts and forms after the dedusting; In warm flue gas recycled mix with the high temperature circulation flue gas of drawing from the primary zone form the high temperature flue gas recycled get into the combustion chamber and supply above-mentioned burning to use that (coal dust and sulphur-fixing agent are called the primary zone in the first-stage burning zone that the grate furnace fire grate carries out; Reducing gas and granule semicoke then are called the reburning zone in the secondary firing zone sent into of the flue gas recycled nozzle act above fire grate, and the uncombusted particle forms third level combustion zone with " fiery windward " through the rear arch guide effect and is called burning-out zone above the reburning zone).
Described pyrolysis is in the hypoxemia atmosphere, and high temperature flue gas recycled oxygen content was 4% (v/v) during the control bottom fed.
The temperature range of high temperature flue gas recycled is 450 ℃ in described, accounts for 25% (v/v) of global cycle flue gas volume amount.
The temperature range of described high temperature circulation flue gas is 1250 ℃, accounts for 75%% (v/v) of global cycle flue gas volume amount.
The part that high temperature flue gas recycled bottom feeds in described accounts for 50% (v/v) of total amount, and the part that sprays into accounts for 50% (v/v) of total amount.
The described middle high temperature flue gas recycled that sprays into (promptly carrying reducibility gas and part granule semicoke) speed is 15m/s～30m/s.
Described steam spray nozzle working steam pressure is 9 * 10
5Pa, speed 30m/s, water vapour sprayed in the grate furnace feed starting stage.
The mixed proportion scope of described sulphur-fixing agent is to calculate 500 ℃ of heating-up temperatures by 2.5% of the quality of coal.
The NOx removal efficiency is 50%, and the SOx removal efficiency is 83%, and the grate furnace efficiency of combustion improves 1.5%.
Claims (10)
1. efficient grate firing burner of low emission; Comprise combustion chamber, fire grate; It is characterized in that; Be divided into the reburning zone of primary zone, primary zone top in the combustion chamber and near combustion chamber burning-out zone suitable for reading, the combustion chamber is provided with the flue gas export mouth that communicates with the primary zone of combustion chamber, the flue gas recycled nozzle that communicates with the reburning zone of combustion chamber, communicate with the combustion chamber Inner Front End and at the steam spray nozzle of flue gas recycled nozzle, the la farr pipe mixing bellows outside the flue gas recycled nozzle connection combustion chamber; La farr pipe mixing bellows one tunnel communicate with the flue gas export mouth, lead up to circulating fan, gas-solid separator to communicate with the tail gas outlet of combustion chamber; Described fire grate is established the flue gas recirculation air compartment near the part bottom of charging aperture and is communicated with la farr pipe mixing bellows.
2. the efficient grate firing burner of low emission according to claim 1 is characterized in that described flue gas recycled nozzle is located at the front end of combustion chamber, and is obliquely installed, and air-flow is flowed to the back lower place by the front upper place.
3. the efficient grate firing burner of low emission according to claim 1 is characterized in that described steam spray nozzle is connected with steam through the cyclic steam pump.
4. efficient grate firing combustion method of low emission; It is characterized in that; Coal dust and sulphur-fixing agent fully mixed send into the combustion chamber; Rapid pyrolysis takes place under the high temperature flue gas recycled in coal dust in heating, spray into a spot of water vapour, bottom feeding simultaneously, the generation reducing gas, and the reducing gas of generation and the part granule semicoke that is mingled with enter into the reburning zone under the effect of the middle high temperature recirculated air that sprays into; The NOx that the burning of reduction primary zone generates; The uncombusted particle burns away in the combustion of combustion chamber combustion district, warm flue gas recycled during the tail gas that produces of burn extracts and forms after the dedusting, and middle temperature flue gas recycled mixes the above-mentioned burning use of high temperature flue gas recycled entering combustion chamber confession the formation with the high temperature circulation flue gas of drawing from the primary zone.
5. the efficient grate firing combustion method of low emission according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described pyrolysis is in the hypoxemia atmosphere, and high temperature flue gas recycled oxygen content was 3%～10%v/v during the control bottom fed.
6. the efficient grate firing combustion method of low emission according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the temperature range of described middle high temperature flue gas recycled is 350 ℃～450 ℃, accounts for 15%～25% of global cycle flue gas volume amount; The temperature range of described high temperature circulation flue gas is 1150 ℃～1250 ℃, accounts for 75%～85% of global cycle flue gas volume amount.
7. the efficient grate firing combustion method of low emission according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the part that described middle high temperature flue gas recycled bottom feeds accounts for the 20%-80% of total amount, and the part that sprays into accounts for the 20%-80% of total amount.
8. the efficient grate firing combustion method of low emission according to claim 4 is characterized in that described steam spray nozzle working steam pressure is 4～9 * 10
5Pa, speed 20m/s～30m/s, water vapour sprayed in the grate furnace feed starting stage.
9. the efficient grate firing combustion method of low emission according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the described middle high temperature flue gas recycled speed that sprays into is 15m/s～30m/s.
10. the efficient grate firing combustion method of low emission according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the mixed proportion scope of described sulphur-fixing agent is pressed 1.5%～2.5% calculating of the quality of coal, 100～1300 ℃ of heating-up temperatures.
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| CN102721040A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device for NOx reduction and grate firing by stokehold screening, gasifying and reburning |
| CN102980174A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 山东大学 | Coal-gas combined efficient low-emission grate firing combustion apparatus and technology |
| CN104197316A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-12-10 | 衡阳衡锅锅炉有限公司 | Gas-solid dual-fuel boiler |
| CN104266217A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-01-07 | 西安交通大学 | Grate-fired furnace multipath denitration system and denitration method thereof |
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| CN102721040A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device for NOx reduction and grate firing by stokehold screening, gasifying and reburning |
| CN102980174A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 山东大学 | Coal-gas combined efficient low-emission grate firing combustion apparatus and technology |
| CN104197316A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-12-10 | 衡阳衡锅锅炉有限公司 | Gas-solid dual-fuel boiler |
| CN104266217A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-01-07 | 西安交通大学 | Grate-fired furnace multipath denitration system and denitration method thereof |
| CN104748104A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-01 | 江苏盛凯环保工程有限公司 | Coupling staged combustion and smoke recirculation low NOx chain grate furnace |
| CN105003911B (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-06-16 | 冯之军 | The nitric oxide production device of removing in a kind of biomass combustion furnace and stove |
| CN105003911A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-28 | 冯之军 | Biomass furnace and device for removing nitric oxide in same |
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Application publication date: 20120620 |