Functional special-purpose fertilizer of a kind of fused mass granulating humic acids and working method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to composite fertilizer's production technical field, be specifically related to functional special-purpose fertilizer of a kind of fused mass granulating humic acids and working method thereof.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is the material guarantee of agricultural sustainable development, is the basis of increases in grain production.Yet because the fertilizer efficiency phase is short, utilization ratio is low, nitrogenous fertilizer is through approach such as volatilization, leaching and runoff loss enormous amount.A large amount of losses of chemical fertilizer have caused a series of environmental problems, the surface water eutrophication, and the lake severe contamination, ecological environment of soil worsens, and soil fertility descends, and various crop nutritional deficiency diseases and physiological disturbance have occurred, directly has influence on the yield and quality of crop.At present, the general trend of fertilizer development both at home and abroad is multielement high-efficiencyization, compound customizations, long acting multifunctionization and environmental protectionization.In these new-type fertilizers, the approach that how to improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, enhancing soil activation is a lot.Yet; Advocate green agriculture, the ecological agriculture in the modern agriculture production; Therefore how when improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, strengthening soil activation, take into account fertilizer nontoxic, harmless, do not have any pollution, promote plant growth, increase functions such as fertilizer efficiency and seem particularly important.
Find that through retrieval prior art seldom has report about the fertilizer that improves fertilizer efficiency, enhancing soil activation and environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to prior art; Composition and production technique through to conventional fertilizers are studied; On the fertile production unit of conventional composite, carry out technological innovation simultaneously, the object of the present invention is to provide functional special-purpose fertilizer of a kind of fused mass granulating humic acids and working method thereof.This functional special-purpose fertilizer has the fertilizer efficiency height, strengthens the advantage of soil activation and environmental protection, has complied with the development trend of environmental friend fertilizer.
In order to realize the object of the invention, the contriver has finally obtained following technical scheme through a large amount of experimental studies: the feed composition weight part is following:
Urea 400-550 part,
Monoammonium phosphate 200-400 part,
Repone K 50-150 part,
Humic acids 60-140 part,
Additive 0-30 part;
Above-mentioned raw materials is for being the commercially available prod, wherein:
Urea is small particle urea, and wherein nitrogen content is 46.2%, and particle diameter is 0.85mm-2.80mm;
Monoammonium phosphate is common powdery, and wherein nitrogen content is 11%, and the content of Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 44%;
Repone K is white in color Powdered, and wherein the content of potassium oxide is 62%;
The humic acids molecular weight is 2000-5000, and it is Powdered that outward appearance is brown-black, and in butt humic acids content >=60%, nitrogen content is 1%~6%;
Additive is a kind of in talcum powder, phosphorus cream, the calcium powder, or two or more mixtures;
The content that relates in the above raw material is mass percent;
Above-mentioned raw materials is except that small particle urea, and other raw material particle size is all less than 1mm.
Fused mass granulating humic acids of the present invention is functional special-purpose fertile, and preferably the feed composition weight part is following:
Urea 450-500 part,
Monoammonium phosphate 250-350 part,
Repone K 70-130 part,
Humic acids 80-120 part,
Additive 10-20 part.
Fused mass granulating humic acids of the present invention is functional special-purpose fertile, and most preferably the feed composition weight part is following:
494 parts in urea,
261 parts of monoammonium phosphates,
126 parts in Repone K,
100 parts of humic acidss,
19 parts of additives.
The functional special-purpose fertile working method of fused mass granulating humic acids of the present invention comprises following process step:
(1) urea is passed through high-temperature fusion to 130-145 ℃, get in the dashpot, through the transferpump pressurization, deliver to after metering in the cat head tempering tank again;
(2) monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, humic acids, additive are measured respectively after; Send into thorough mixing in the whisking appliance according to certain proportioning; Mixing raw material is sent in the batch mixing well heater after fragmentation, screening, is heated to 80-105 ℃, rises to the cat head feed bin by chapelet;
(3) batch mixing after the heating in the cat head feed bin is evenly sent into after the metering described in the step (1) in the cat head tempering tank through the spiral weighing balance; Be mixed and made into the scattered paste shape material through the high speed shear stirrer, temperature is controlled at 103-125 ℃, and overflow is to prilling spry after the vibrations strainer filters out granule foreign; Under shower nozzle rotational shear centrifugal action; Mixture is evenly sprayed into globular small droplets, and the small droplets that falls from shower nozzle spray slowly falls in the tower of diameter 10-18 rice, high 100-121 rice, and the upstream heat exchange postcooling in warp and the tower is to 45-65 ℃; Promptly become composite fertilizer's small-particle, metering packing gets final product after cooling, screening and anti-caking are handled again.
The present invention adopts high tower fused melt granulated technology; Its core technology is in urea melting liquid; Allocate powder materials such as pre-warmed monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, humic acids according to a certain percentage into, under the temperature and mechanical agitation of fused solution self, be combined into low temperature eutectic rapidly with certain flowing property; Adopt prilling tower sprinkling pelleting technology to carry out granulation then; In the process that in prilling tower, falls of spray tear drop, carry out heat exchange and cool off rapidly and solidifies, just form the particle that smooth in appearance is mellow and full, have the pin hole shape, i.e. the functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids with the airflow that rises.Accompanying drawing is seen in concrete technical process.
The present invention contains the functional special-purpose fertile of humic acids; Be a kind of green multifunctional fertilizer that improves the novel environment friendly of envrionment conditions; Have balanced in nutrition, strong stress resistance, fertilizer efficiency period is long, the crop specific absorption is high, improve the soil, culture fertility, raising output, the advantage such as quality of improving; Simultaneously fertiliser granulates even, smooth mellow and full, moisture is low, rerum natura good, intensity is high, prevented from caking, is suitable for mechanized application.
Compared with prior art, functional special-purpose fertilizer of the fused mass granulating humic acids that the present invention relates to and working method thereof have following advantage and obvious improvement:
1, advanced technology of the present invention, the high yield and saving energy consumption reduction
The present invention adopts continuous fusion urea shotcreting process, and DCS automatic system automatic blending has been realized effectively having overcome the continuous dosing of Repone K, monoammonium phosphate, urea the domestic urea that generally adopts and pulverized the deficiency in the production technique.
Product of the present invention adopts urine to replace steam or water in process of production, has reduced the material liquid phase, has alleviated the oven dry load, has improved production capacity, has more effectively brought into play the scale and benefit of device.
In raw material, do not add moisture and steam and other binding material in the production process of the present invention and come granulation, can prevent because of Moisture high UCL lumps, and, need not dry because of not introducing moisture, energy-saving and cost-reducing.Through measuring and calculating, it is functional special-purpose fertile that company produces 200000 tons of fused mass granulating humic acidss per year, can practice thrift 4.5 ten thousand tons in coal of mark, economize on electricity 1,700 ten thousand kilowatt-hours, water saving 1 ten thousand stere every year, and energy-saving effect is remarkable.
2, the structure of improving the soil improves utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces agricultural cost
Life-time service fused mass granulating humic acids of the present invention is functional special-purpose fertile can be promoted the formation of soil agreegate to improve the Soil structure situation as a kind of organic colloid, makes soil aeration, and water permeability is good.In addition, product of the present invention can provide the soil microorganisms carbon source, promotes soil microorganisms movable, increases soil beneficial microorganism quantity, strengthens soil enzyme activities.Discharge CO through measuring soil
2The method of amount confirms, uses humic acids soil microbial activities is had a significant effect, and humic acids can make cellulase in the soil, Phosphoric acid esterase, protease activity improve 6%-42%.
Product of the present invention not only has all fertile advantages of high tower, also has slow controlled release effect concurrently, not only can suppress the activity of urase in the soil; But also effect with activation phosphorus and potassium; Have the good result of " control nitrogen, short phosphorus, short potassium ", can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce production costs.
3, stimulate plant growth, enhancing crop resistance improves crop quality
Research shows that the functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids of the present invention can promote root growth, improves percentage of germination.Show that through soaking seed or dipping in the root test about product of the present invention can make root of the crop length double, dried root heavily increased more than 2 times; Seed germination does sth. in advance 2-3 days, and seedling rate improves 10-20%.
Under the drought condition, the functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids of the present invention can reduce the plant leaf stomatal conductance, reduces the blade face transpiration; Thereby reduction water loss; The interior water regime of plant body is improved, guarantee crop normal growth growth under drought condition, strengthen drought resistance.Humic acids composition in the product of the present invention has restraining effect to fungi, is prone to absorbed by cytolemma, changes cell membrane permeability, promotes the absorption of inorganic nutrients, prevents canker, root rot, reduces disease and pest, therefore, but product enhancing crop resistance of the present invention.
In addition, the functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids of the present invention can increase the protein contnt of food crop, can improve the sugar of beet, sugarcane etc.; Increase Vitamin C content; Data shows that product of the present invention can make sugar-beet sugar content increase by 1.4%, every 666.7m
2Increase candy output 33.9kg, obviously improve the quality of beet.
4, fertilizer nutritive ingredient equalization stable, environmental protection is pollution-free
Fertilizer of the present invention is with raw materials such as urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, humic acids, additives; Be fused into an organic nutrient integral body; Through the mutual synergy between the various nutrients, form isostatic and stablize the nutrient unit, can guarantee that the nutritive ingredient of fertilizer is balanced and stable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the functional special-purpose fertile technological process of production figure of fused mass granulating humic acids of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of different fertilization to the aleuronat content influence;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of different fertilization to the wet wheat gluten content influence.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is elaborated, but not only for so.
Embodiment 1:
With 494 parts of urea, through about high-temperature fusion to 140 ℃, get in the dashpot, again through the transferpump pressurization, with being pumped in the cat head mixing tank;
With 261 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 126 parts of Repone K, 100 parts of humic acidss and 19 parts of additive calcium powders after metering; It is even to send in the whisking appliance thorough mixing; Mixing raw material is sent into about batch mixing heater heats to 90 ℃ after broken, screening, carries machine with bucket type and delivers to the cat head feed bin;
The hot batch mixing of cat head feed bin is sent in the above-mentioned mixing tank after the metering of spiral weighing balance; Be mixed and made into the scattered paste shape material through the high speed shear stirrer, temperature is controlled at about 110 ℃, and overflow is to prilling spry after the vibrations strainer filters out granule foreign; Under shower nozzle rotational shear centrifugal action; Mixture is evenly sprayed into globular small droplets, and the small droplets that falls from shower nozzle spray slowly falls in 17 meters of diameters, high 120 meters tower, about the upstream heat exchange postcooling to 50 in warp and the tower ℃; Promptly become composite fertilizer's small-particle, metering packing gets final product after cooling, screening and anti-caking are handled again; The product specification that obtains is N-P2O5-K2O (25-12-8).
Embodiment 2:
Getting 460 parts of urea, 341 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 81 parts of Repone K, 100 parts of humic acidss and 18 parts of fillers is raw material, and production technique is with embodiment 1;
The product specification that obtains is N-P2O5-K2O (25-15-5).
Be the functional special-purpose fertile applicable cases on agricultural of check fused mass granulating humic acids, Stanley Co., Ltd entrusts national wheat research centre to test.This experimental study relatively different fertilizer influences wheat yield, nutrien utilization and plant physiological ecological, and the economic benefit of various fertilizer is estimated, and for applying the functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids scientific basis is provided.
1, test materials
This test is carried out in base, Wen County, Jiaozhuo, national wheat research centre, and the Wen County is positioned at the northwestward, Henan Province, belongs to the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, 14.3 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, annual precipitation 552.4mm, 210 days frostless seasons.
Supplying examination soil is moisture soil, and quality is middle earth, and 0-20cm soil layer soil contains organic 16g/kg, full nitrogen 1.21g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 43.60mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 49.1mg/kg, available potassium 12.5mg/kg.
The wheat breed that wheat breed selects for use Henan Province's big area to promote is short to resist 58, and applying fertilizer is that " Stanley " fused mass granulating humic acids is functional special-purpose fertile.
2, TP
4 processing are established in test: fused melt granulated compound fertilizer (N-P
2O
5-K
2O:25-12-8) be T1, the functional special-purpose fertile (N-P of fused mass granulating humic acids
2O
5-K
2O:25-12-8, humic acids content 6%) be T2, fused melt granulated compound fertilizer (N-P
2O
5-K
2O:25-15-5) be T3, the functional special-purpose fertile (N-P of fused mass granulating humic acids
2O
5-K
2O:25-15-5, humic acids content 6%) be T4.Not use any fertilizer is blank 1 (CK).
The test random alignment, every kind of fertilizer adopts the Da Qu plantation, and area is 70m
2(2.9m * 7m * 3, each sub-district 20.3m
2).Composite fertilizer all once applies (50Kg/ mu) as base manure, and spring and wheat are stood up or the jointing stage, irrigates in conjunction with wheat and imposes urea nitrogenous fertilizer (purity nitrogen 8Kg/ mu is amounted to urea 17.5Kg/ mu), other normal management.
3, different fertilization is to the influence of wheat quality
3.1 different fertilization is to the influence of aleuronat content
Fig. 2 different fertilization is to the influence of aleuronat content
Annotate: CK: blank;
T1: fused melt granulated compound fertilizer (N-P
2O
5-K
2O:25-12-8);
T2: the functional special-purpose fertile (N-P of fused mass granulating humic acids
2O
5-K
2O:25-12-8, humic acids content 6%);
T3: fused melt granulated compound fertilizer (N-P
2O
5-K
2O:25-15-5);
T4: the functional special-purpose fertile (N-P of fused mass granulating humic acids
2O
5-K
2O:25-15-5, humic acids content 6%).
Represent significant difference on 5% level in the table between the different lowercases, down together.
Protein contnt is a principal element of weighing nutritional quality of wheat and processing quality, the acculturate influence of level of supply, envrionment conditions and cultivation step of thing of the proteinic accumulation of wheat grain.Can find out T2 (N-P by Fig. 2
2O
5-K
2O:25-12-8, humic acids content 6%) and T4 (N-P
2O
5-K
2O:25-15-5, humic acids content 6%) the aleuronat content of handling is significantly higher than all the other processing, and there was no significant difference between the two is compared with blank, and processing increases by 89.9% and 89% respectively to T2 with T4.Compare with common fused melt granulated compound fertilizer, the functional special-purpose fertile aleuronat content of fused mass granulating humic acids significantly raises, and compares with T1, and the protein contnt that T2 handles raises 20.7%, compares with T3, and the protein contnt that T4 handles raises 21.4%.
Using the functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids can significantly increase Protein content in the wheat, effectively improves wheat quality.
3.2 different fertilization is to the influence of wet wheat gluten content
Fig. 3 different fertilization is to the influence of wet wheat gluten content
After wet gluten is wheat-flour dough flush away starch, the elastoplasticity material that obtains, it is made up of gliadine and glutenin.Wet gluten is an important indicator weighing wheat quality, and the quality of wheat quality depends primarily on the content and the quality of gluten, and it had both reflected the nutritional quality shape of wheat, reflected its processing quality shape again.
Can know by Fig. 3, use the content that the functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids can significantly increase wet gluten in the wheat.Compare with the T1 processing, the wet gluten content that T2 handles raises 6.72%, handles with T3 and compares, the wet gluten content rising 6.37% that T4 handles.
3.3 different fertilization is to the influence of wheat yield
The yield per unit of wheat is reconstituted by unit surface spike number, number of grain per ear and grain.Within the specific limits, output is along with the increase of unit surface spike number improves.Spike number is too much, and number of grain per ear reduces, and grain heavily descends, and output also reduces.Therefore, only under the situation that the three coordinates each other, could obtain high yield.
Table 1 different fertilization is to the influence of wheat yield and constituent element thereof
Handle | Grain number per spike (individual/fringe) | Thousand seed weight (g) | Hectare spike number (ten thousand/hm
2)
| Output (kg/hm
2)
|
CK | 31.2 | 50.34 | 430.24 | 6757.38c |
T1 | 34.81 | 46.07 | 449.29 | 7205.25b |
T2 | 39.12 | 47.07 | 471.69 | 8686a |
T3 | 36.51 | 46.65 | 428.63 | 7300.32b |
T4 | 41.04 | 44.55 | 473.84 | 8663.18a |
Annotate: represent significant difference on 5% level in the table between the different lowercases
Can know by table 1, use grain number per spike, spike number and output that the functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids can significantly increase wheat.Compare with T1, T2 handles wheat grains per spike increases by 12.38%, and the hectare spike number increases by 4.99%, and output increases by 20.55%, compares with T3, and T4 handles wheat grains per spike increases by 12.41%, and the hectare spike number increases by 10.55% raising the output 18.67%.
Test-results shows: compare with the common composite fertilizer of equal nutrient, use grain number per spike, spike number and output that the functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids can significantly increase wheat, wheat can increase production 18.67%-20.55%.The functional special-purpose fertilizer of fused mass granulating humic acids is to integrate special-purpose fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, functional fertilizer; It is a kind of multifunctional fertilizers that improves the new green environment protection of envrionment conditions; Institute's additive humic acids wide material sources, cheap; Can prolong the validity period of nitrogen nutrient, reach the effect of " fixed nitrogen, short phosphorus, short potassium ", and micronutrient element in the activating soil; Have that balanced in nutrition, fertilizer efficiency is fast, the crop specific absorption is high, improve the soil, culture fertility, strong stress resistance, raising output, the multiple function such as quality of improving; Be a kind of have high benefit, full nutrition, anti-pollution, be rich in the product that organic matter is taken into account advantages such as improving the soil, not only accomplished land used increase soil fertility combination and raising the output, efficient, pollution-free; Be agricultural sustainable development and the new-type fertilizer of producing green food, the development that promotes the ecological agriculture is had great importance.