The method of marmem-aluminum metal-matrix composite material is made in ultrasonic bonding
[technical field]
The invention belongs to manufacturing advanced manufacturing technology field, the method for multifunctional metal-base composite is made in particularly a kind of novel 3-dimensional metal ultrasonic bonding.
[background technology]
The manufacturing of ultrasonic bonding lamination is a kind of solid-state free forming technology, adopts the ultrasonic bonding metal forming to make the 3D metal structure.In the ultrasonic bonding lamination manufacture process, imbed marmem SMA fiber, can be used for the manufacturing of fiber-base composite materials.The ultrasonic wave lamination is made the fibre metal based composites, compares with other long fibre MANUFACTURING METHODS OF METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES, and like casting, Diffusion Welding and spray deposition technique, the manufacturing of ultrasonic wave rapid shaping has significant advantage.
At first, ultrasonic welding process does not need high temperature.Though can reach the half the of melting point metal because the frictional heat temperature on the interface is the highest, even have only 1/4th of fusing point, in the departure process that part is made, heat almost can be ignored.Be particularly suitable for forming temperature is had the manufacturing of shape memory, magnetostriction intellectual material and the structure of strict demand.Second; The ultrasonic wave manufacturing has combined to increase the material manufacturing and has removed the advantage of making; Can be used for making complicated 3D constitutional detail, and have high accuracy and high surface quality, comprise inner complex passages; Can realize the manufacturing of multiple material, reinforcing fibre, shape-memory alloy fibers, optical fiber, sensor and electronic component can be imbedded in inside.Because technical process does not need the fusing of metal, needn't worry to shrink the scale error of bringing, residual stress, and the distortion of fabricated part.Do not need metal molten can help us to overcome the formation of the intermetallic compound of fragility yet, needn't consider the problem of dissolving each other of dissimilar metal yet.The 3rd, this technology can be used for welding the metal that is difficult to weld, and dissimilar metal, does not need inert gas shielding.Ultrasonic bonding even can carry out the welding of glass and metal.The 4th, in metal foil surface and when imbedding material oxide-film being arranged, 3003 aluminium alloys for example; Do not need preliminary treatment before the ultrasonic bonding; Ultrasonic energy is smashed and discrete surface oxide-film and impurity, forms atom and connects, and needn't consider the interface wet ability of metal material.
It should be noted that more ultrasonic bonding can realize the rapid shaping of metal-base composites.During the ultrasonic bonding rapid shaping was made, three-dimensional CAD model obtained many level course data through the computer software layering, and layer thickness and metal forming equate.These data are built from the bottom to the superiors successively, finally produce three-dimensional body.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultrasonic bonding to make the method for marmem-aluminium (SMA-Al) metal-base composites; Being used to make a kind of rigidity can adjust; Size can keep metal-base composites; Manufacturing approach shaping speed of the present invention is fast, precision is high, has wide application.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The method of marmem-aluminum metal-matrix composite material is made in a kind of ultrasonic bonding, may further comprise the steps:
1), at first to aluminum metallic foil surface rolling groove, to the heat treatment of annealing of the aluminum metallic foil after the roll extrusion;
2), stainless steel metal paper tinsel of lay on electromagnetism absorption platform;
3), in aluminum metallic foil of stainless steel metal paper tinsel surface lay;
4), on aluminum metallic foil, arrange the shape-memory alloy fibers that the placement surface insulating is handled, aluminized;
5), aluminum metallic foil of lay again on surface insulation processing, the shape-memory alloy fibers surface of aluminizing;
6), carry out ultrasonic bonding, the rolling applicator rolls forward under pressure; Simultaneously; Ultrasonic vibration is passed to aluminum metallic foil, realize between two aluminum metallic foil, the welding between aluminum metallic foil and surface insulation processing, the shape-memory alloy fibers of aluminizing;
7), accomplish layer of aluminum metal forming and surface insulation processing, after the ultrasonic bonding of the shape-memory alloy fibers of aluminizing, digital control processing is cutting metal base composite material parts CAD profile successively;
Repeat 3)~7) step, up to accomplishing metal-base composites.
The thickness of aluminum metallic foil is 100~200 μ m, and the spacing of the groove that forms on the aluminum metallic foil is 100~400 μ m; The degree of depth of the groove that forms on the aluminum metallic foil is 40~150 μ m; To the heat treated concrete grammar of annealing of the aluminum metallic foil after the roll extrusion be: to the heat treatment of annealing of the aluminum metallic foil after the roll extrusion; The annealing heating-up temperature is 450~520 ℃, is incubated 5 hours, cools off with stove then; Per hour chilling temperature is chilled to 200 and spends the air cooling of coming out of the stove less than 10 degree.
The groove that forms on the aluminum metallic foil comprises the groove of the first direction that is parallel to each other and the groove of the second direction that is parallel to each other, the vertical second direction of first direction.
Surface insulation processing, the shape-memory alloy fibers of aluminizing comprise core NiTi alloy shape-memory alloy fibers, be coated on the outer field insulating barrier of NiTi alloy shape-memory alloy fibers and be coated on the outer aluminium coat of insulating barrier; The diameter of NiTi alloy shape-memory alloy fibers is 100~200 μ m; The thickness of insulating barrier is 10~30nm, and the thickness of aluminium coat is 5~30 μ m.
The preparation method of surface insulation processing, the shape-memory alloy fibers of aluminizing is: at first; NiTi alloy shape-memory alloy fibers is adopted original position hydrothermal chemistry synthetic method; In temperature is 180~220 ℃ reactant liquor; Reaction time is 4~14 hours, at TiNi alloy marmem surface preparation one deck TiO
2Insulating barrier; Then, adopt vacuum aluminium plating process, at TiO
2Surface of insulating layer vapor deposition layer of aluminum coating; Wherein, consisting of of reactant liquor: mass percent is that 15%~30% NaOH, mass percent are 10%~20% NaNO
2, surplus is H
2O, the pH value of reactant liquor is 8~14.
When carrying out ultrasonic bonding, ultrasonic frequency vibratory is 20kHz, and amplitude is 5~15 μ m; The diameter of rolling applicator is 30~60mm; When carrying out ultrasonic bonding, the rolling speed of rolling applicator is 30~50mm/s, and normal pressure is 100~300MPa.
Surface insulation processing in the step 3), the shape-memory alloy fibers of aluminizing embed in the groove on the aluminum metallic foil.
The surface insulation processing of adjacent layer, the shape-memory alloy fibers of aluminizing are vertically arranged.
When carrying out digital control processing in the step 6), the milling cutter diameter of employing is 1~2mm, 5000~20000 rev/mins of the milling machine speeds of mainshaft.
Carrying out step 1)~7) between, at first the metal-base composites three-dimensional CAD model is passed through the computer layering, obtain some level course data, layer thickness equates with aluminum metallic foil thickness; After the ultrasonic bonding of each layer, adopt numerical control milling processing, successively cutting metal base composite material parts CAD profile in the step 6).
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) adopt the ultrasonic continuous welding to make the shape memory alloy metal based composites, it is lower that shape-memory alloy fibers is imbedded temperature; Another characteristics are ultrasonic continuous welding, and the metal forming interface is continuous up and down;
2) after the processing of marmem surface insulation, can form an insulating barrier, aluminize in the surface, can protective effect be arranged to insulating barrier, after ultrasonic bonding is imbedded, high with the alloy matrix aluminum bond strength;
3) aluminum metallic foil surface rolling groove is convenient to the embedding of shape-memory alloy fibers, the annealing heat treatment of aluminum metallic foil, and purpose is to eliminate the working hardening effect, is convenient to ultrasonic bonding;
4) ultrasonic bonding is imbedded in the process, and Milling Process cutting metal base composite material parts CAD profile is made the metal-base composites part, and precision is high, and manufacturing speed is fast;
5) marmem is imbedded in ultrasonic bonding; The shape-memory alloy fibers orientation is vertical; When metal-base composites raise in temperature, shape-memory alloy fibers underwent phase transition, and elastic modelling quantity increases; The elastic modelling quantity that brings reduces because temperature raises to offset matrix, and X, the Y direction rigidity of metal-base composites are adjusted.
6) metal-base composites is when temperature raises; Shape-memory alloy fibers generation martensite is to austenitic phase transformation, because the shrinkage-compensating of shape-memory alloy fibers is offset because temperature raises; The matrix thermal expansion can keep metal-base composites X, Y direction dimensionally stable.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 makes the structural representation of the ultrasonic continuous welder that method adopted of metal-base composites for ultrasonic continuous welding lamination of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of running roller roll extrusion aluminum metallic foil.
[specific embodiment]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done and to describe in further detail:
See also Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 2, the ultrasonic continuous welding lamination that the present invention adopts is made the device of metal-base composites, comprising:
An X-Y workbench 1, the central authorities of this X-Y workbench 1 are equipped with heated plate and electromagnetism absorption platform 2, and supersonic generator 3 connects energy conversion device 4 and rolling applicator 5, CNC milling machine main shaft and milling cutter 9.
Shape-memory alloy fibers among the present invention, fibre diameter 100~200 μ m; The surface electrical of shape-memory alloy fibers is aluminized, thickness of coating 5~30 μ m;
Alloy foil 6, thickness 100~200 μ m; Running roller 10 roll extrusion are adopted on alloy foil 6 surfaces, for the aluminum metallic foil of thickness 100 μ m, form the groove of the degree of depth 40~70 μ m, for the aluminum metallic foil of thickness 200 μ m, form the groove of 60~150 μ m; Alloy foil 6 is carried out annealing in process, eliminate the working hardening effect that roll extrusion causes.
Ultrasonic continuous welding lamination of the present invention is made in the device of metal-base composites, ultrasonic frequency vibratory 20kHz, vibration 5~15 a μ m, rolling applicator 5 rolling speeds 30~50mm/s.Rolling applicator 5 diameters 30~60mm; Normal pressure 100~300MPa;
Supersonic generator 3 becomes mechanical energy through energy conversion device 4 with power conversion; Through rolling applicator 5; Be implemented in the ultrasonic vibration on alloy foil 6 surfaces; Under pressure and ultrasonic vibration effect,, realize the imbedding of welding and the surperficial shape-memory alloy fibers 7 that insulating barrier and aluminium coated arranged between the alloy foil 6 between upper and lower layer metal forming interface and the shape-memory alloy fibers through the violent plastic deformation of metal.
Among the present invention, the metal-base composites three-dimensional CAD model obtains many level course data through the computer software layering, after the ultrasonic bonding of each layer, adopts numerical control milling processing, successively cutting metal base composite material parts CAD profile; Milling cutter diameter 1~2mm; 5000~20000 rev/mins of the milling machine speeds of mainshaft.
Technical thought of the present invention is, at first to aluminum metallic foil 6 surface rolling grooves, and to the aluminum metallic foil after the roll extrusion 6 heat treatment of annealing; The annealing heating-up temperature is 450~520 ℃; Be incubated 5 hours, with the stove cooling, per hour chilling temperature is less than 10 degree; Be chilled to 200 and spend the air cooling of coming out of the stove, eliminate the working hardening effect; The groove that forms on the aluminum metallic foil 6 comprises the groove of the first direction that is parallel to each other and the groove of the second direction that is parallel to each other, the vertical second direction of first direction; Like this can conveniently laying aluminum metallic foil 6; The groove that is parallel to each other on can certainly direction of a roll extrusion is placed adjacent aluminum metallic foil 6 like this as long as one of them aluminum metallic foil 6 of rotation makes the groove on the adjacent aluminum metallic foil 6 vertical.Between aluminum metallic foil 6 up and down, arrange the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 that the placement surface insulating is handled, aluminized then; Surface insulation processing, the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 of aluminizing embed in the groove of aluminum metallic foil 6, and the surface insulation processing of adjacent layer, the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 of aluminizing are vertically arranged.The preparation method of surface insulation processing, the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 of aluminizing does, the TiNi shape-memory alloy fibers is adopted original position hydrothermal chemistry synthetic method, consists of TiO in TiNi marmem surface preparation
2Insulating barrier, the thickness of insulating barrier is 10~30nm, reactant liquor is formed: NaOH (mass percent 15%~30%)+NaNO
2(mass percent 10%~20%)+H
2O (surplus), the pH value of solution is 8~14, and heating-up temperature is 180~220 ℃, and the reaction time is 4~14 hours.Adopt vacuum aluminium plating process, the vapor deposition layer of aluminum film on the TiNi of surface insulation processing marmem surface, thickness of coating 5~30 μ m.Adopt the ultrasonic bonding manufacturing technology, there is TiO on the surface
2The shape-memory alloy fibers 7 of insulating barrier, aluminium coated is imbedded up and down between the metal forming 6.
Continuation is at aluminum metallic foil 6 upper surfaces, and placement surface has the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 of insulating barrier, aluminium coated, on fiber, places aluminum metallic foil 6, again through ultrasonic bonding, the shape-memory alloy fibers of aluminizing in the surface is imbedded.In the supersonic welding termination process, machining metal-base composites part C AD profile successively finally obtains having the metal-base composites of labyrinth.
The metal-base composites that this method obtains, under the state that temperature raises, rigidity does not reduce, and can keep dimensionally stable; Different is to spread geometry memorial alloy fibrous composite with folk prescription, and under circulation heating load test stabilization, this performance of composites keeps stablizing with the size all directions.
Adopt said apparatus to make the method for metal-base composites, specifically comprise the following steps:
1) at first adopts 10 pairs of aluminum metallic foil 6 surfaces of running roller to carry out roll extrusion, form groove, the aluminum metallic foil after the roll extrusion 6 heat treatment of annealing; The annealing heating-up temperature is 450~520 ℃; Be incubated 5 hours, with the stove cooling, per hour chilling temperature is less than 10 degree; Be chilled to 200 and spend the air cooling of coming out of the stove, eliminate the working hardening effect; The thickness of aluminum metallic foil 6 is 100~200 μ m, and the surface rolling groove for the aluminum metallic foil of thickness 100 μ m, forms the groove of the degree of depth 40~70 μ m, for the aluminum metallic foil of thickness 200 μ m, forms the groove of 60~150 μ m, groove pitch 100~400 μ m;
2) stainless steel foil 8 of a 0.1~0.3mm of lay on electromagnetism absorption platform 2;
3) aluminum metallic foil 6 after stainless steel foil 8 surperficial lay step 1) are handled;
4) on aluminum metallic foil 6, arrange the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 that the placement surface insulating is handled, aluminized, surface insulation processing, the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 of aluminizing embed in the groove of aluminum metallic foil 6;
5) aluminum metallic foil 6 after step 1) of lay is handled again on the surface of surface insulation processing, the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 of aluminizing;
6) supersonic generator 3 becomes mechanical energy through energy conversion device 4 with power conversion; Rolling applicator 5 under pressure, the pressure of normal orientation 11 is 100~300MPa, rolls forward with the speed of 30~50mm/s; Simultaneously; Ultrasonic vibration is passed to aluminum metallic foil 6, realize between two aluminum metallic foil 6, the welding between the shape-memory alloy fibers of aluminizing in aluminum metallic foil 6 and surface 7; Ultrasonic vibration 12 frequency 20kHz, Oscillation Amplitude 5~15 μ m;
After the ultrasonic bonding of the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 of 7) accomplish layer of aluminum metal forming 6 and surface insulation processing, aluminizing; Adopt digital control processing cutting metal base composite material parts CAD profile successively; Milling cutter diameter 1~2mm, 5000~20000 rev/mins of milling cutter rotating speeds;
Repeat 3)~7) step, up to accomplishing metal-base composites.
The surface insulation processing of adjacent layer, the shape-memory alloy fibers 7 of aluminizing are vertically arranged.
The present invention adopts ultrasonic welding process, with the shape-memory alloy fibers of aluminizing in the surface, imbeds alloy matrix aluminum through the ultrasonic continuous welding, makes metal-base composites and structure.More meaningfully; Successively weld, imbed in the shape-memory alloy fibers process at ultrasonic wave, through CNC milling machine, the profile of the part C of milling manufacturing successively AD on metal forming; And endoporus, the direct metal-base composites part of making complicated shape with the rapid shaping principle.
Marmem is before imbedding, and the surface adopts the hydro-thermal method original position to generate insulating barrier, aluminizes in the surface, and the protection insulating barrier is complete, and improves shape-memory alloy fibers and high base strength.
Marmem to the aluminum metallic foil surface rolling, forms groove before imbedding, imbedding of marmem is convenient in the heat treatment of annealing then.
Marmem NiTi alloy fiber among the present invention, surface carry out after insulating handles and aluminize, and successively weld through ultrasonic wave and imbed aluminium alloy, and through running roller roll extrusion aluminium foil surface, precompressed goes out groove, is convenient to imbedding of shape-memory alloy wire; In order to reduce the working hardening effect, the aluminium foil after the roll extrusion through heat treatment, eliminates stress; After each layer ultrasonic bonding, digital control processing cad data profile is directly made the metal-base composites part with the rapid shaping principle.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation to further explain that the present invention did; Can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to this; Those of ordinary skill for technical field under the present invention; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be regarded as belonging to the present invention and confirm scope of patent protection by claims of being submitted to.