CN114131048B - Design method and device for forming annular part by selective laser melting - Google Patents
Design method and device for forming annular part by selective laser melting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114131048B CN114131048B CN202111454372.8A CN202111454372A CN114131048B CN 114131048 B CN114131048 B CN 114131048B CN 202111454372 A CN202111454372 A CN 202111454372A CN 114131048 B CN114131048 B CN 114131048B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007648 laser printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a design method for forming an annular part by selective laser melting, which comprises the following steps: drawing an annular part; drawing a supporting structure matched with the inner ring on the inner ring of the annular part by taking the opening direction of the annular part as the construction direction, wherein a gap is formed between the outer wall of the supporting structure and the inner wall of the annular part; introducing the annular part and the support structure into a selective area laser melting forming device, printing the annular part and the support structure layer by layer, and separating the annular part from the substrate by linear cutting; after printing of the annular part and the support structure is completed, heat treating the annular part for relieving residual stress; the annular part is cylindrical; the support structure comprises: the outer ring and the inner ring are concentric, and reinforcing ribs are uniformly arranged between the inner ring of the outer ring and the outer ring of the inner ring at intervals. The printing device can effectively control the deformation of the workpiece structure caused by residual stress in the printing process, and the supporting structure is very easy to remove after the printing is finished, so that the part is directly separated from the supporting structure.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser selective material adding and manufacturing, in particular to a design method and device for selective laser melting forming annular parts.
Background
Selective laser melting forming (SLM) is an advanced laser additive manufacturing technology developed based on prototype manufacturing technology. The technology is oriented to the fields of aerospace, weapon manufacturing, automobiles, molds, biomedical treatment and the like, and can solve the difficult problem that the traditional manufacturing is difficult to realize or can not realize the processing and manufacturing of complex structures. The SLM technology can directly manufacture workpieces with complex structures, has short period, high efficiency and high material utilization rate, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing personalized and complex structure parts. For workpieces that are traditionally manufactured to be impossible or difficult to machine, there is a trend toward selecting additive manufacturing modes for machining.
In the SLM process, when printing some large-scale annular structures, very big internal stress is generated, and the work piece is extremely easy to lead to inwards shrinkage deformation under the effect of internal stress, in order to prevent the work piece deformation, the prior art mainly has two kinds of processing modes:
1. simulation pre-deformation treatment: preprocessing the workpiece before printing, budgeting the deformation of the workpiece through simulation software, modifying the three-dimensional drawing of the workpiece according to data obtained through simulation analysis, reserving deformation allowance, and obtaining the workpiece similar to the original design drawing after printing is completed. The disadvantage of this method is that: because the SLM process is a very complex heat conversion process, a large amount of material parameters and databases are required to be used as supports for simulating the deformation of parts in the printing process, and the existing simulation software is difficult to achieve the aim of accurate simulation; the reserved deformation amount is needed to modify the drawing, the deformation of the workpiece caused by residual stress is not a regular process, the reserved deformation amount is not uniform everywhere, the SLM forming workpiece is a complex component, and the modification drawing is complex to work and large in workload for designers.
2. Strong support fixing treatment: and designing a supporting structure, and supporting and reinforcing the workpiece. The disadvantage of this method is that: because the support strength that needs to design is very high, consequently support and part junction is very firm, need to design frock, anchor clamps according to whole part, and support in the work piece is inside, and manual work or equipment are all harder to touch, under the prerequisite that does not damage the work piece, support is got rid of and is a comparatively troublesome problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a design method and device for forming an annular part by selective laser melting, which can effectively control the deformation of the workpiece structure caused by residual stress in the printing process, and the support structure is easy to remove after the printing is completed, so that the part is directly separated from the support structure.
A design method for forming annular parts by selective laser melting comprises the following steps:
drawing an annular part;
drawing a supporting structure matched with the inner ring on the inner ring of the annular part by taking the opening direction of the annular part as the construction direction, wherein a gap is formed between the outer wall of the supporting structure and the inner wall of the annular part;
and (3) introducing the annular part into a selective laser melting forming device, printing the annular part and the supporting structure layer by layer, and separating the annular part from the substrate by linear cutting.
In one embodiment, after printing of the annular part and the support structure is completed, the annular part is heat treated for residual stress relief.
In one embodiment, the heat treatment process includes: heating to 800-1000 ℃ at a speed of 10-12 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, cooling to 100-200 ℃ along with a furnace, and taking out the part;
or heating to 1000-1200deg.C at the rate of 10-12 deg.C/min for 4-8 hr, cooling to 600-800 deg.C at the rate of 20 deg.C/min for 3-5 hr, cooling to 100-200deg.C, and taking out the part.
In one embodiment, the annular part is cylindrical;
the support structure includes: the outer ring is concentric with the inner ring, and reinforcing ribs are uniformly arranged between the inner ring of the outer ring and the outer ring of the inner ring at intervals.
In one embodiment, the annular part is a cylindrical, prismatic or conical structure.
In one embodiment, the gap has a width of 0.1mm to 0.5mm.
In one embodiment, the annular part and the support structure are made of titanium alloy or nickel-based superalloy.
A selective laser melting forming apparatus comprising:
a substrate, a powder spreading unit and a printing unit;
the base plate is horizontally arranged, the powder spreading unit is fixedly arranged on one side of the base plate and spreads powder repeatedly along the surface of the base plate, and the printing unit finishes the design and printing of the annular part by adopting a design method of forming the annular part by selective laser melting.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: a heating unit;
the heating unit is used for carrying out heat treatment on the parts, and the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 800-1000 ℃ at a speed of 10-12 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, cooling to 100-200 ℃ along with a furnace, and taking out the part; or heating to 1000-1200deg.C at the rate of 10-12 deg.C/min for 4-8 hr, cooling to 600-800 deg.C at the rate of 20 deg.C/min for 3-5 hr, cooling to 100-200deg.C, and taking out the part.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: a cutting unit;
the cutting unit is used for: the substrate is used as a horizontal plane, and the annular part is cut horizontally along the substrate plane from any side of the annular part by using a linear cutting wire until the annular part is separated from the substrate.
According to the design method and the device for forming the annular part by selective laser melting, aiming at the problem that the workpiece is deformed due to residual stress during printing of the large annular structure part, a non-contact supporting concept is designed, a gap is formed between the annular part and the supporting structure, and powder is filled in the gap during printing, so that the deformation of the workpiece structure caused by the residual stress during printing can be effectively controlled, the supporting structure is very easy to remove after printing is finished, the part is directly separated from the supporting structure, and the part with extremely small deformation is obtained on the premise that the part is not damaged. The non-contact supporting structure is simple in design, strong in practicality, and capable of fixing a workpiece, improving heat conduction efficiency of the workpiece, reducing residual stress and inhibiting deformation of the workpiece aiming at the workpiece which is easy to generate residual stress deformation or even cracking in the selective laser melting forming process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an annular part and a support structure in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a support structure removed in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a design method for forming an annular part by selective laser melting in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of residual stress of a selected area laser melt formed annular part in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the direction of powder placement of selective laser melt forming in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the build direction of selective laser melt forming in one embodiment.
Figure number:
a ring-shaped part 1, a supporting structure 2, a gap 3 and a substrate 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present application are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is correspondingly changed.
In addition, descriptions such as those related to "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated in this application. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be either permanently attached or removably attached, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, physically connected or wirelessly connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a design method for forming an annular part by selective laser melting provided in the present application includes, in one embodiment: drawing an annular part 1; drawing a supporting structure 2 matched with the inner ring on the inner ring of the annular part 1 by taking the opening direction of the annular part 1 as the construction direction, wherein a gap is formed between the outer wall of the supporting structure 2 and the inner wall of the annular part 1; the annular part 1 and the support structure 2 are printed layer by layer while being introduced into the selective laser melting forming apparatus, and the annular part 1 is separated from the substrate 4 by wire cutting.
SLM is a fast solidification process that is relatively complex in the structure of the formed part, and has a large temperature gradient during printing, which is extremely prone to residual stress deformation and even cracking of the part, as shown in fig. 4.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows: in the selective laser melting forming process, three-dimensional drawing software is adopted in advance to draw the part and the supporting structure, the supporting structure is positioned in an internal cavity of the part, a gap is arranged between the part and the supporting structure, and a three-dimensional data model of the part and the supporting structure is sliced and layered to obtain profile data of each section. And (3) using selective laser melting forming equipment to perform powder spreading, selectively melting metal powder according to profile data by using a high-energy laser beam, and manufacturing the three-dimensional solid part and the supporting structure in a mode of layer-by-layer powder spreading, layer-by-layer melting, solidification and accumulation. After the printing of the part and the supporting structure is completed, the whole is subjected to heat treatment, residual stress is eliminated, and after the printed part is separated from the substrate by wire cutting, the supporting structure can be directly taken out of the part, so that the part with small deformation is obtained. As shown in fig. 5, the arrow direction is the powder laying direction, and as shown in fig. 6, the arrow direction is the building direction.
In the embodiment, the process of layer-by-layer powder laying, layer-by-layer melting, solidifying and accumulating is specifically as follows: the base plate, store up powder storehouse, retrieve the storehouse and lie in shop's powder plane in proper order, and base plate, store up powder storehouse, retrieve the top in storehouse and all with shop's powder plane parallel and level, be equipped with the push pedal in the Chu Fen storehouse, base plate and push pedal all can vertical movement. When printing, chu Fencang pushes the proper amount of powder out of the bin, the substrate descends by a unit distance, a groove is formed in the powder spreading plane, the guide rail uses the powder spreading mode, one pass of powder spreading is performed along the powder spreading plane, the groove is filled with powder, the guide rail uses the recovery mode when returning, the redundant powder is pushed to the recovery bin along the powder spreading plane for laser printing, and then the powder is repeatedly pushed out, the substrate descends, the powder spreading mode, the recovery mode and the laser printing are performed until the whole part is completed.
According to the design method and the device for forming the annular part by selective laser melting, aiming at the problem that the workpiece is deformed due to residual stress during printing of the large annular structure part, a non-contact supporting concept is designed, a gap is formed between the annular part and the supporting structure, and powder is filled in the gap during printing, so that the deformation of the workpiece structure caused by the residual stress during printing can be effectively controlled, the supporting structure is very easy to remove after printing is finished, the part is directly separated from the supporting structure, and the part with extremely small deformation is obtained on the premise that the part is not damaged. The non-contact supporting structure is simple in design, strong in practicality, and capable of fixing a workpiece, improving heat conduction efficiency of the workpiece, reducing residual stress and inhibiting deformation of the workpiece aiming at the workpiece which is easy to generate residual stress deformation or even cracking in the selective laser melting forming process.
In one embodiment, after printing of the annular part 1 and the support structure 2 is completed, the annular part 1 is heat treated for relieving residual stresses.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 800-1000 ℃ at a speed of 10-12 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, cooling to 100-200 ℃ along with a furnace, and taking out the part; or heating to 1000-1200deg.C at the rate of 10-12 deg.C/min for 4-8 hr, cooling to 600-800 deg.C at the rate of 20 deg.C/min for 3-5 hr, cooling to 100-200deg.C, and taking out the part.
For example:
for titanium alloys, taking Ti6Al4V as an example, the heat treatment process is as follows: heating to 800 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling to below 200 ℃ along with a furnace, and taking out the part;
for nickel-based superalloy, taking GH4099 as an example, the heat treatment process is: heating to 1100 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5 hours, cooling to 800 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, cooling to below 200 ℃ along with the furnace, and taking out the part.
In one embodiment, a stiffening rib is provided in the support structure.
Specifically, the reinforcing ribs may be uniformly disposed along the circumferential direction or the axial direction of the annular supporting structure. For example: the support structure comprises an outer ring and an inner ring which are concentric, and a cross-shaped reinforcing rib is arranged on the circumference of the outer ring of the inner ring; or the supporting structure is in a circular ring shape, a plurality of circular reinforcing ribs are arranged in the axial direction of the supporting structure, and the circular reinforcing ribs are mutually parallel.
The design of the reinforcing ribs can increase the supporting strength of the supporting structure and well limit the deformation of parts.
In one embodiment, the annular part 1 is cylindrical; the support structure 2 comprises: the outer ring and the inner ring are concentric, and reinforcing ribs are uniformly arranged between the inner ring of the outer ring and the outer ring of the inner ring at intervals.
Preferably, the support structure 2 is coaxial with the annular part 1, and a reinforcing rib is arranged between the inner ring of the outer ring and the outer ring of the inner ring at an angle of 45 degrees.
In one embodiment, the annular part 1 is of cylindrical, prismatic or conical configuration.
The method is particularly suitable for part structures provided with openings and cavities, in particular regularly symmetrical closed-loop-shaped components. For some structural irregularities, parts with openings at the large end also work well.
In one embodiment, the gap has a width of 0.1mm to 0.5mm.
The method does not limit the gap width between the annular part 1 and the support structure 2, and can be specifically determined according to the practical situation according to the allowable range of the dimensional tolerance of the part. Preferably, the gap is 0.2mm.
In one embodiment, the material of the annular part 1 and the support structure 2 is a titanium alloy or a nickel-based superalloy.
The material has poor thermal conductivity, larger residual stress generated during the selective laser melting and forming, large deformation of the part and stronger support to ensure that the part is not deformed.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: in the selective laser melting forming process, three-dimensional drawing software is adopted in advance to draw the part and the supporting structure, and a distance of 0.2mm is arranged between the part and the supporting structure. Because the supporting structure is provided with the stronger reinforcing ribs, the supporting structure can be prevented from deforming, so that when the part deforms and contracts, the supporting part can prop the part, and the deformation of the part is limited within 0.2mm. The thin powder layer is arranged between the part and the supporting structure, so that on one hand, the effect of resisting direct contact between the part and the supporting structure is achieved, and the part and the supporting structure can be directly separated after printing is finished; on the other hand, heat can be conducted through the powder thin layer and the supporting structure in the forming process, so that the heat conduction efficiency of the part is accelerated, and the higher the heat conduction efficiency is, the smaller the temperature difference between the laser sintering layer and the cooled layer is, the smaller the generated residual stress is, and the lower the risk of cracking or deforming the part is caused. After the printing of the part is finished, the whole is subjected to heat treatment, residual stress is eliminated, and after the printing part is separated from the substrate by wire cutting, the supporting part can be directly taken out of the part, so that the part with the deformation less than 0.2mm is obtained.
The present application also provides a selective laser melting forming apparatus, comprising in one embodiment: a substrate, a powder spreading unit and a printing unit; the base plate is horizontally arranged, the powder spreading unit is fixedly arranged on one side of the base plate and spreads powder repeatedly along the surface of the base plate, and the printing unit completes the design and printing of the annular part by adopting a design method of selective laser melting forming of the annular part.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a heating unit; the heating unit is used for carrying out heat treatment on the parts, and the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 800-1000 ℃ at a speed of 10-12 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, cooling to 100-200 ℃ along with a furnace, and taking out the part; or heating to 1000-1200deg.C at the rate of 10-12 deg.C/min for 4-8 hr, cooling to 600-800 deg.C at the rate of 20 deg.C/min for 3-5 hr, cooling to 100-200deg.C, and taking out the part.
In this embodiment, the heating unit may be a vacuum heat treatment furnace.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a cutting unit; the cutting unit is used for: the substrate is used as a horizontal plane, and the annular part is cut horizontally along the substrate plane from any side of the annular part by using a linear cutting wire until the annular part is separated from the substrate.
In this embodiment, the cutting unit may be a wire cutting device.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (3)
1. A design method for forming an annular part by selective laser melting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drawing an annular part; the annular part is of a cylindrical, prismatic or conical structure;
drawing a supporting structure matched with the inner ring on the inner ring of the annular part by taking the opening direction of the annular part as the construction direction, wherein a gap is formed between the outer wall of the supporting structure and the inner wall of the annular part; the support structure comprises: the outer ring and the inner ring are concentric, and reinforcing ribs are uniformly arranged between the inner ring of the outer ring and the outer ring of the inner ring at intervals;
introducing the annular part and the supporting structure into a selective area laser melting forming device, printing the annular part and the supporting structure layer by layer simultaneously, and manufacturing the part and the supporting structure in a mode of layer by layer powder spreading, layer by layer melting, solidifying and stacking; the process of layer-by-layer powder spreading, layer-by-layer melting, solidifying and stacking specifically comprises the following steps: the base plate, the powder storage bin and the recovery bin are sequentially positioned in the powder paving plane, the tops of the base plate, the powder storage bin and the recovery bin are all parallel and level to the powder paving plane, a push plate is arranged in the Chu Fen bin, and the base plate and the push plate can vertically move; when printing, chu Fencang pushes a proper amount of powder out of the bin, the substrate descends by a unit distance, a groove is formed in the powder spreading plane, the guide rail uses a powder spreading mode, one pass of powder spreading is carried out along the powder spreading plane, the groove is filled with powder, the guide rail uses a recovery mode when returning, redundant powder is pushed to the recovery bin along the powder spreading plane for laser printing, and then the powder is repeatedly pushed out, the substrate descends, the powder spreading mode, the recovery mode and the laser printing are repeated until the whole part is finished; separating the annular part from the substrate by wire cutting; in the forming process, heat is conducted through the powder thin layer and the supporting structure, so that the heat conduction efficiency of the part is accelerated, the higher the heat conduction efficiency is, the smaller the temperature difference between the laser sintering layer and the cooled layer is, and therefore the smaller the generated residual stress is, the smaller the risk of cracking or deformation of the part is caused;
after printing of the annular part and the support structure is completed, heat treating the annular part for relieving residual stress;
the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
heating to 800-1000 ℃ at a speed of 10-12 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, cooling to 100-200 ℃ along with a furnace, and taking out the part;
or heating to 1000-1200deg.C at the rate of 10-12 deg.C/min for 4-8 hr, cooling to 600-800deg.C at the rate of 20 deg.C/min for 3-5 hr, cooling to 100-200deg.C, and taking out the part;
the annular part and the supporting structure are made of titanium alloy or nickel-based superalloy.
2. The method of designing a selected area laser melt formed annular part of claim 1, wherein the gap has a width of 0.1mm to 0.5mm.
3. The design method of selective laser melting forming annular parts according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the annular parts are separated from the substrate by wire cutting, specifically: the substrate is used as a horizontal plane, and the annular part is cut horizontally along the substrate plane from any side of the annular part by using a linear cutting wire until the annular part is separated from the substrate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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