CN102496231B - Long-distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system - Google Patents
Long-distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102496231B CN102496231B CN201110381825.9A CN201110381825A CN102496231B CN 102496231 B CN102496231 B CN 102496231B CN 201110381825 A CN201110381825 A CN 201110381825A CN 102496231 B CN102496231 B CN 102496231B
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Abstract
A long-distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system is formed by a light path and a signal processing module which collects light path signals. The light path comprises two aplanatic interferometers and one Michelson interferometer. The above three interferometers use three different wavelengths to concentratedly transmit to one fiber so as to form an induction fiber through a wavelength division multiplexer. Three light sources emit three lasers with different wavelengths and the lasers are taken as the light signals. The above three interferometers feel a vibration signal and divides the vibration signal into three paths through the wavelength division multiplexer. The three paths of the signals are transmitted to a photodiode respectively. The signal processing module processes the vibration signal collected by the photodiode, determines an abnormal disturbance position and emits an alarm signal.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of optical fibre wavelength-division multiplex formula early warning system.
Background technology
Traditional long distance trunk line security optical fibre early warning system adopts the main line monitoring technology based on two Mach-Zehnder fiber optic interferometric principles.
This know-why structure as shown in Figure 1.Its monitoring principle is that the two-beam transmitting in distributed sensing fiber is propagated in opposite direction, after affected by same vibration event, due to two-beam from event nidus to check point separately the light path of process different, therefore it is poor to produce the regular hour, according to sensor two ends, monitor the mistiming that the caused interference light signal of same event changes, by relevant function method, just can determine the position of abnormal disturbances.
The method need not be carried out phase demodulating to interference signal, but also Shortcomings part: because two sensor fibres are at a distance of nearer, the phase delay that sensor fibre vibration along the line may make two sensor fibres produce is consistent, causes and does not interfere, and produces reciprocity effect; Long distance temperature variation on the way can cause system noise larger, to signal, processes and brings difficulty; At least need to take three cores in optical cable, at fiber resource, be difficult to application seldom in the situation that; In addition higher to System Hardware Requirement, as high in the A/D switching rate requirement to data acquisition system (DAS), cause system cost to rise.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of high-precision long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system is provided.
Technical solution of the present invention is: long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system, signal processing module by light path and collection optical path signal forms, described light path comprises two aplanatism interferometers and a Michelson interferometer, and above-mentioned three interferometers adopt three different wavelength by forming induction optical fiber in wavelength division multiplexer concentration of transmissions to optical fiber; The laser of launching three different wave lengths by three light sources is as light signal, above-mentioned three interferometers are experienced vibration signal, through wavelength division multiplexer, vibration signal is divided into three tunnels, three road signals transfer to respectively photodiode, signal processing module is processed the vibration signal of photodiode collection, determine abnormal disturbances position, send alerting signal.
The demodulation mode of described aplanatism interferometer is: by frequency spectrum, find Frequency point ω
s, make cos ω
sτ
c=0, and then the time τ of definite light from disturbance point to induction optical fiber connector
c, according to τ
cdeterministic disturbances Dian position.
The basic structure of two described aplanatism interferometers is as follows: two light sources send the laser signal of two different wave lengths, and first two-way laser signal connects 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road input ends, and another two-way input end connects respectively two photodiodes; 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road output terminals are connected to second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road input end through fibre delay line, and another road output terminal of 3 * 3 optical fiber splitters directly connects another road input end of second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter; Second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road output terminal connects catoptron.
Two described light sources adopt respectively ASE light source and SLD light source.
The centre wavelength of described ASE light source is 1550nm, the centre wavelength 1310nm of SLD light source.
Adopt the aplanatism interferometer of SLD light source to use phase modulation technique.
3 * 3 described optical fiber splitters are for dividing equally light intensity coupling mechanism.
Described catoptron adopts faraday rotator mirror.
The present invention compared with prior art beneficial effect is:
(1) native system light path adopts three independently interferometer formations, comprises two aplanatism interferometers and a Michelson interferometer.Compare with common single interferometer, taken into account sensitivity and the accuracy of signal response.And be averaging mode by weighting, and having improved the degree of accuracy of location, in the induction optical cable that is 60km in length, positioning precision can reach 50m.
(2) native system, in light path design, adopts the optical device such as wavelength division multiplexer, optical fiber circulator, and it is 1 optical fiber that the induction optical fiber of three interferometers is concentrated, and has saved valuable fiber resource, has improved the application power of system.
(3) aplanatism interferometer of the present invention adopts ASE, two kinds of light sources of SLD.The interference of every kind of light source has feature, and according to each interferometer design light source.Empirical tests, ASE adopts 1550nm, best results when SLD adopts 1310nm.
(4) phase place that the present invention adopts the aplanatism interferometer of SLD light source to obtain abnormal disturbances by phase-modulator high frequency modulated changes, and has improved the contrast of interference signal.
(5) conventional interference instrument adopts 2 * 2 optical fiber splitters, need to use the phase-modulator of Power supply to carry out phase-modulation, avoids the phenomenon that signal contrast is low.And adopt 3 * 3 optical fiber splitters, construct the symmetrical beam electric signal that every road phase differential is 120 degree, the contrast of the signal of interference is high, can not use the phase-modulator of Power supply, construct the light path of helping optical texture, strengthened reliability, the stability of practical application.
(6) all the induction optical fiber connector of interferometer has been used faraday rotator mirror, the weak problem of polarization inducement signal of having avoided induction optical fiber fiber birefringence effect to cause, improved the stability of interference signal, effectively offset the impact of environment on light path, improved the antijamming capability of system, native system can be applied under complexity, rugged surroundings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is traditional fiber orientation technical pattern schematic diagram based on two M-Z principle of interferences;
Fig. 2 is system light path schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system, signal processing module by light path and collection optical path signal forms, described light path comprises two aplanatism interferometers and a Michelson interferometer, and above-mentioned three interferometers adopt three different wavelength by forming induction optical fiber in wavelength division multiplexer concentration of transmissions to optical fiber; The laser of launching three different wave lengths by three light sources is as light signal, above-mentioned three interferometers are experienced vibration signal, through wavelength division multiplexer, vibration signal is divided into three tunnels, three road signals transfer to respectively photodiode, signal processing module is processed the vibration signal of photodiode collection, determine abnormal disturbances position, send alerting signal.
The demodulation mode of aplanatism interferometer is: by frequency spectrum, find Frequency point ω
s, make cos ω
sτ
c=0, and then the time τ of definite light from disturbance point to induction optical fiber connector
c, according to τ
cdeterministic disturbances Dian position.In actual application, can find a series of ω
s, by averaging, determine again τ
c.
The basic structure of two aplanatism interferometers is as follows: two light sources send the laser signal of two different wave lengths, and first two-way laser signal connects 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road input ends, and another two-way input end connects respectively two photodiodes; 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road output terminals are connected to second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road input end through fibre delay line, and another road output terminal of 3 * 3 optical fiber splitters directly connects another road input end of second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter; Second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road output terminal connects catoptron.
Two light sources of above-mentioned aplanatism interferometer adopt respectively ASE light source and SLD light source, and the light source of Michelson interferometer adopts DFB light source.
Below in conjunction with object lesson, introduce in detail implementation procedure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a concrete light path of the present invention, and in figure, each label represents following implication
HY01, HY02, HY04, HY05, HY07, HY08, HY14: photodetector;
HY03:ASE laser instrument, 1550nm; HY13:DFB laser instrument, 1490nm; HY16:SLD laser instrument, 1310nm;
HY10, HY23: wide window 3 * 3 is divided equally optical fiber splitter;
HY09: optical fiber circulator, 1550nm; HY17: optical fiber circulator, 1490nm;
HY11, HY19, HY24: fibre delay line;
HY25: phase-modulator;
HY12, HY27, HY31: faraday rotator mirror, 1310nm; HY32: faraday rotator mirror, 1550nm; HY29, HY33: faraday rotator mirror, 1490nm;
HY15, HY26, HY18: wavelength division multiplexer, 1310& 1550nm;
HY20, HY22, HY30, HY28: wavelength division multiplexer, 1310& 1550nm& 1490nm;
HY21: wavelength division multiplexer, 1310& 1490nm;
Under two aplanatism interferometers, be called fibre optic interferometer 1 and fibre optic interferometer 2 is introduced.
(1) fibre optic interferometer 1
Article 2, interfere path respectively:
(1)HY03-HY09-HY10-HY11-HY15-HY20-HY23-HY30-HY32-HY30-HY23-HY22-HY18-HY10
(2)HY03-HY09-HY10-HY18-HY22-HY23-HY30-HY32-HY30-HY23-HY20-HY15-HY11-HY10
The light path of 2 paths is with different identical optical fiber and the devices of order process, equivalent optical path, be similar to Sagnac fibre optic interferometer, owing to adopting the low-coherence light source of this C-band of ASE (centre wavelength 1550nm), therefore the light path in other path can not form effective interference in optical fiber.
For convenience of understanding, suppose that on main line, abnormal disturbances signal is simple signal, angular frequency is ω
salthough being induction optical fiber, actual conditions will be subject to the effect of wideband disturbance, its frequency spectrum is output as the output combination of each frequency disturbance signal, and each component of wideband disturbing signal all can be out demodulated in dynamic range, so the phase place that first hypothetical anomaly perturbation action produces on induction optical fiber is changed to φ
ssin ω
st, wherein φ
samplitude for phase place variation.
When propagate optical routing path (1) and path (2), all can be modulated by abnormal disturbances, the light output expression formula obtaining is respectively:
Wherein: P
10and P
20for being respectively the amplitude of 2 road light,
with
for the initial phase of light, τ
mnfor the n time time through abnormal disturbances point of light of path m.
Make P=P
1+ P
2, the light intensity of interferometer output is I=PP
*, 3 * 3 optical fiber splitters of dividing equally due to employing, P
10=P
20, get its interference term:
I
12＝P
10 2cos[4φ
Ssinω
sτ
acosω
s(t-τ
b)cosω
sτ
c]
Wherein, τ
afor the time of light through fibre delay line HY11; τ
bfor the time of light through fibre delay line HY11 and whole section of induction optical fiber GL26; τ
cfor the time of light from disturbance point to HY30.
By HY02, HY04, HY05 tri-road phase differential, be the symmetrical photoelectric conversion signal of 120 degree, can demodulate the light path phase differential that abnormal disturbances causes.Due to a definite τ
cthere is 1 even a plurality of ω
smake cos ω
sτ
c=0, can calculate out thus abnormal disturbances Dian position.Above-mentioned computation process realizes by signal processing module.
(2) fibre optic interferometer 2
Article 2, light path interferes path to be respectively
(1)HY16-HY21-HY23-HY24-HY25-HY26-HY27-HY26-HY25-HY24-HY23-HY20-HY15-HY12-HY15-HY20-HY23-HY30-HY31-HY23-HY22-HY18-HY19
(2)HY16-HY21-HY23-HY30-HY31-HY30-HY23-HY20-HY15-HY12-HY15-HY20-HY23-HY24-HY25-HY26-HY27-HY26-HY25-HY24-HY23-HY22-HY18-HY19
The light path of 2 paths is with different identical optical fiber and the devices of order process, equivalent optical path, also be similar to Sagnac fibre optic interferometer, owing to adopting SLD broad spectrum light source (centre wavelength 1310nm), therefore the light path in other path does not become effective interference in optical fiber.
The final interference signal forming:
I
12＝P
10 2cos[4φ
Ssinω
sτ
acosω
s(t-τ
b)cosω
sτ
c]
The phase place that this interferometer obtains abnormal disturbances by phase-modulator high frequency modulated changes, and obtains the high interference signal of contrast, so signal processing module need to carry out after demodulation according to above-mentioned high frequency frequency, then adopts said method, calculates τ
c, and then definite abnormal disturbances Dian position.Above-mentioned computation process realizes by signal processing module.
(3) fibre optic interferometer 3 (Michelson interferometer)
Article 2, light path is interfered path respectively:
(1)HY13-HY17-HY21-HY23-HY28-HY29-HY28-HY23
(2)HY13-HY17-HY21-HY23-HY30-HY33
Article two, light path forms and interferes at optical fiber splitter HY23 after faraday rotator mirror reflection through different paths, belong to Michelson interferometer, owing to using the DFB light source (wavelength 1490nm) of narrow linewidth, although two optical path lengths differ larger, still can form effective interference.And because full light path has been used faraday rotator mirror, therefore there is not the problem of polarization decay.
Two-beam is divided into the symmetrical beam electric signal that three road phase differential are 120 degree, thereby demodulates the phase place of abnormal disturbances after forming in optical fiber splitter HY23 and interfering through HY20-HY01, HY21-HY17-HY14, HY22-HY08 path.Different from the above two is, the phase differential that the first two interferometer obtains and abnormal disturbances physical characteristics are also not quite identical, to signal, identification brings very large difficulty, and both interferometers are owing to being similar to sagnac interferometer above, therefore insensitive to gradual factor, on certain procedures, affected the sensitivity of system, and the phase signal that Michelson interferometer obtains can direct corresponding abnormal disturbances signal characteristic, and Michelson interferometer sensitivity is high, effectively supplemented the deficiency of first two interferometer.
The disturbance location that signal processing module calculates above-mentioned aplanatism interferometer is weighted on average, and then the position of definite abnormal disturbances, by Michelson interferometer, obtain abnormal disturbances signal characteristic, disturbance behavior is identified to (can adopt traditional modes such as eigenwert extraction), send alerting signal.
System applies list core Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of the present invention; through reality test, show; the on-line monitoring that can carry out 24 hours reaching the main line safe condition of 60 kilometers; the abnormal disturbances of any point carry out effective early warning on perception main line; positioning precision can reach 50 meters, and the protection of railway line, highway, boundary line, long distance pipeline, communications optical cable is had to major application meaning.
The unspecified part of the present invention belongs to general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system, it is characterized in that: the signal processing module by light path and collection optical path signal forms, described light path comprises two aplanatism interferometers and a Michelson interferometer, and above-mentioned three interferometers adopt three different wavelength by forming induction optical fiber in wavelength division multiplexer concentration of transmissions to optical fiber; The laser of launching three different wave lengths by three light sources is as light signal, above-mentioned three interferometers are experienced vibration signal, through wavelength division multiplexer, vibration signal is divided into three tunnels, three road signals transfer to respectively photodiode, signal processing module is processed the vibration signal of photodiode collection, determine abnormal disturbances position, send alerting signal.
2. long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the demodulation mode of described aplanatism interferometer is: by frequency spectrum, find Frequency point ω
s, make cos ω
sτ
c=0, and then the time τ of definite light from disturbance point to induction optical fiber connector
c, according to τ
cdeterministic disturbances Dian position.
3. long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system according to claim 1, the basic structure that it is characterized in that two described aplanatism interferometers is as follows: two light sources send the laser signal of two different wave lengths, two-way laser signal connects first respectively first 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road input end and second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road input end, and the another two-way input end of first 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter connects respectively two photodiodes; First 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road output terminal is connected to second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road input end through fibre delay line, and another road output terminal of first 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter directly connects another road input end of second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter; Second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter Yi road output terminal connects catoptron.
4. long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: two described light sources adopt respectively ASE light source and SLD light source.
5. long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the centre wavelength of described ASE light source is 1550nm, the centre wavelength 1310nm of SLD light source.
6. long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system according to claim 4, is characterized in that: adopt the aplanatism interferometer of SLD light source to use phase modulation technique.
7. long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described first 3 * 3 optical fiber splitters and second 3 * 3 optical fiber splitter are for dividing equally light intensity coupling mechanism.
8. long distance trunk line safety fiber wavelength division multiplexing type warning system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described catoptron adopts faraday rotator mirror.
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| CN104111127B (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-01-25 | 北京航天易联科技发展有限公司 | Optical wavelength division multiplexer bandwidth selecting device |
| CN113176581B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-12-31 | 北京华信科创科技有限公司 | Doppler pulse laser wind measuring device, method and system |
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| CN1862239A (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2006-11-15 | 华中科技大学 | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method and apparatus thereof |
| CN101382441A (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2009-03-11 | 北京邮电大学 | Double interference ring perimeter safety protecting and positioning system |
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| CN102157044A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-08-17 | 杨峰 | Full-optical fiber system for locating and alarming |
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| CN1862239A (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2006-11-15 | 华中科技大学 | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method and apparatus thereof |
| CN101465052A (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-24 | 陈玉凤 | Safety monitoring system and method for circumference |
| CN101382441A (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2009-03-11 | 北京邮电大学 | Double interference ring perimeter safety protecting and positioning system |
| CN102064884A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-05-18 | 复旦大学 | Long-distance distributed optical fiber positioning interference structure based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) |
| CN102157044A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-08-17 | 杨峰 | Full-optical fiber system for locating and alarming |
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