CN102564476A - Multipoint disturbance positioning method - Google Patents
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- CN102564476A CN102564476A CN201110335350XA CN201110335350A CN102564476A CN 102564476 A CN102564476 A CN 102564476A CN 201110335350X A CN201110335350X A CN 201110335350XA CN 201110335350 A CN201110335350 A CN 201110335350A CN 102564476 A CN102564476 A CN 102564476A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multipoint disturbance positioning method, and relates to the technical field of optical fiber distributed disturbance sensors. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, preprocessing a signal received by a detector, and extracting phase information of the signal; and 2, performing frequency domain amplitude spectrum analysis and phase spectrum analysis on the obtained phase information, extracting an amplitude value and the phase information of each frequency component, and reducing the position of the disturbance signal. The method is low in cost, and high in practicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor technical field, relate in particular to a kind of multiple spot disturbance localization method.
Background technology
Fibre Optical Sensor is because its high sensitivity, volume are little, in light weight, essential safety, electrical insulating property, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), relative cost is low, multi-functional, reliability is high, hardware matched fiber communication interface, be easy to networking, particularly can realize good characteristic such as distributed measurement, has application widely in industry, civilian and military field.Wherein, optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor is significant in fields such as circumference security protection, oil-gas pipeline monitoring, large scale structure monitoring and communication line monitorings.
Optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor can be monitored the disturbance of a bit locating arbitrarily on the sensor fibre (time varying signal); Obtain the time domain waveform of disturbing signal; Judge according to disturbance event character, provide warning message, provide the spatial positional information that disturbance event takes place simultaneously.
At present, according to the different working principle, optical fibre distribution type sensor can be divided into interferometer type, grating type optical fiber, optical time domain reflectometer type, sensing technologies such as optical frequency domain reflectometer type and intensity modulation type.
The grating type optical fiber distributed sensor adopts fiber grating as sensitive element; Between the interval of certain-length, lay fiber grating; Realize quasi-distributed sensing through multiplex technique; Therefore, the spatial resolution of the distributed perturbation sensor of grating type optical fiber has uncontinuity, and receives the restriction at interval of fiber grating space distribution.Simultaneously, fiber grating integrated based on wavelength multiplexing, fiber grating quantity that can be multiplexing on an optical fiber receives the restriction of range of wavelengths, its measure length increase need promptly to reduce spatial resolution at interval be cost to increase fiber grating.Except spatial resolution with measure the contradiction between length, the cost of grating type optical fiber distributed sensor also limited its as distributed perturbation sensor in environmental applications on a large scale.
Optical time domain reflectometer type distributed sensor can be used for detecting the variation of temperature in the external environment or pressure; But its response time is longer; Real-time positioning for external disturbance is relatively more difficult; Can not be applied to distributed sensing, therefore limit its application as distributed perturbation sensor to time varying signal.
Optical frequency domain reflectometer type distributed sensor; Based on nonlinear optical effect, Brillouin or Raman scattering; Can carry out sensing by temperature and pressure to external world, but its transducing signal is faint relatively, makes the detection of signal conciliate phase modulation difficulty; Its device cost is also higher relatively simultaneously, has limited it and has grown apart from the application in the destabilization sensing.
The intensity modulation type sensor can be realized the distributed sensing to disturbance based on the Mode Coupling mechanism in single-mode fiber and the multimode fibre, but its sensitivity and precision are lower, also needs further to solve enhanced sensitivity and the problem that improves precision in order to use in practice.
To sum up; In optical fibre distribution type sensor; The interferometer type distributed sensor has to be realized that principle is simple, highly sensitive, response speed is fast, hardware cost is low, is suitable for good characteristic such as long-distance sensing, has become the main technical schemes of optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor.
At present, the theoretical scheme of interferometer type distribution type fiber-optic perturbation sensor mainly comprises: Sagnac+Mach-Ze De type, Sagnac+Michaelson, two Sagnac type, span He-Ze De type, single Sagnac type etc.
With Sagnac interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer or Michelson interferometer combination, can realize extraction to single-point disturbance location information, realize distributed destabilization sensing.But the shortcoming of such optical fibre distribution type sensor is: in Sagnac interferometer, in order to suppress interaction noise, need to adopt wide spectrum light source; But in Mach-Ze De or Michelson interferometer, because two existence of interfering the arm optical path difference can only be used narrow-band light source, so the contradiction in the light source selection has limited the raising and the practicability of its performance.
For in time domain, realize Sagnac interferometer to the time become the location of disturbance, also can or have a Sagnac interferometer of two operation wavelengths simultaneously or be operated in a Sagnac interferometer of two modulating frequencies simultaneously through two Sagnac interferometers.But in this type of scheme, need to adopt two light sources, detectors and need wavelength division multiplexer and the devices such as modulator of different frequency, increased the hardware cost of system and the complicacy of structure, reduced the practicality of sensor.Wherein, can realize multiple spot disturbance simultaneously location, but because the factor such as undesirable of device makes the bearing accuracy of multiple spot disturbance and range of application receive very big restriction based on the optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor of dual wavelength sagnek interferometer.
Span He-Ze De type optical fibre distribution type sensor light channel structure is simple; Hardware cost is low; But signal dropout and polarization decay are all bigger, thereby and the frequency noise of laser instrument can be converted into phase noise through interferometer brachium difference and produce intensity noise, simultaneously; Used light source requirements has higher coherence, and cost is higher.Under the situation of multiposition (multiple spot) disturbance simultaneously, can't provide the accurate location of disturbance location, reduced the Practical Performance of sensor.
By contrast, single Sagnac type optical fibre distribution type sensor has embodied very big advantage.Because Sagnac interferometer is a zero optical path difference, therefore there is not the inconsistent noise that causes of two pickup arm length, do not have signal dropout, and polarization decay is very little.It requires low to the light source coherence, and because the reciprocity of light channel structure, can avoid the disturbance positioning error that the scattering in the long distance applications causes even the problem of locate failure.Through using high-power wideband light source, this sensor goes for long distance monitoring disturbance.Disturbing signal through single Sagnac type optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor is received is carried out corresponding pre-service, triangulo operation and spectrum analysis etc., can realize the location to multiple spot disturbance simultaneously.
But the localization method of existing single Sagnac type optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor can't be realized the function of multiple spot disturbance simultaneously location.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that (one) will solve
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is: provide a kind of cost low, and practical multiple spot disturbance localization method.
(2) technical scheme
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of multiple spot disturbance localization method, the method comprising the steps of:
S1. the signal that detector is received carries out pre-service, extracts the phase information of said signal;
S2. the phase information that step S1 is obtained is carried out frequency domain amplitude analysis of spectrum and phase spectral analysis, extracts amplitude and phase information under each frequency content, the position of reduction disturbing signal.
Preferably, the pre-service among the step S1 further comprises step:
The dc terms of the said signal of S1.1 filtering;
The visibility that S1.2 eliminates said signal through anti-polarization decay method and light power stabilising control method changes;
S1.3 asks for the intensity signal of two interference signals after step S1.2 handles through the method for asking for peak-to-peak value;
S1.4 extracts phase information from said intensity signal.
Preferably, the pre-service among the step S1 further comprises step:
The dc terms of the said signal of S1.1 filtering;
The method that S1.2 asks for peak-to-peak value through segmentation is asked for the intensity signal of said signal;
S1.3 extracts phase information from said intensity signal.
Preferably, after step S1.1, also comprise step before the S1.2:
Signal after S1.11 handles step S1.1 amplifies and Filtering Processing.
Preferably, in step S1.3, the method for extracting phase information is that trigonometric function phase extraction method or phase place produce carrier modulation.
Preferably, the phase information of extracting is:
·
·
·
Wherein, A
i, B
j, C
kRepresent the amplitude under the different angular frequencies of a plurality of disturbances respectively, ω
i, ω '
j, ω
k n' represent the angular frequency of a plurality of disturbances respectively,
Represent the initial phase under the different angular frequencies of a plurality of disturbances respectively, c is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the refractive index of sensor fibre, and L is the distance of coupling mechanism apart from the reference position, and D is the length of fiber optic loop, z
1, z
2And z
nCorresponding a plurality of disturbance locations are to the distance of said reference position respectively.
Preferably, in step S2, extract the amplitude and phase information under each frequency content after, the system of equations that the incoherent equation of simultaneous is formed, and find the solution said system of equations obtains the position of disturbing signal.
Preferably, this method is based on the optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor of single Sagnac type interferometer.
(3) beneficial effect
Method of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. the Sagnac interferometer structure has the characteristics of zero optical path difference, the no signal decline, and polarization decay is very little, because the Sagnac interferometer employing is wide spectrum light source, can play the effect that suppresses scattering, and cost is low, in long distance applications, more preponderates.
2. induce the variation of the interference signal visibility that factor such as decline causes with signal polarization through the pre-service of disturbing signal having been eliminated the luminous power fluctuation that in positioning calculation process, possibly receive, thereby also eliminated the problem of the possible sensor locate failure that the visibility variation causes indirectly;
Through to the pre-service of disturbing signal also filtering simultaneously the phase drift signal, thereby eliminated the gradual influence of phase place;
4. utilization triangular transformation and frequency domain spectrum analysis method can extract the positional information of multiple spot disturbance, location when realizing the multiple spot disturbance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor light path principle figure of single Sagnac type interferometer;
Fig. 2 is the multiple spot disturbance localization method process flow diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The multiple spot disturbance localization method that the present invention proposes specifies as follows in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
The multiple spot disturbance localization method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor based on single Sagnac type interferometer; Through disturbing signal being carried out extract the positional information of different disturbing signals under the multiple spot disturbance simultaneously situation at a distance from methods such as straight, extraction cosine phase information, frequency domain spectra analysis, Simultaneous Equations.
Embodiment 1
The multiple spot disturbance localization method of the optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor of present embodiment comprises method based on single Sagnac type interferometer (being not limited thereto) shown in Figure 1, and is example with 2 disturbances simultaneously.
The light wave that laser instrument (Laser) 1 sends via coupling mechanism C beam split after; The two-beam wavelength-division is along propagating clockwise with counterclockwise; Through sensor fibre and fiber optic loop, interfere at coupling mechanism C place, receive by photodetector (PD) 2; Through the demodulation process of signal, can confirm the position of disturbance.
Wherein, coupling mechanism is used to realize the function of beam split and coupling, other device such as circulator, beam splitter, part reflective semitransparent film etc., and the device that also can play beam splitting and coupling is suitable equally, does not do at this and gives unnecessary details.
As 2 disturbance f
1(t) and f
2When (t) taking place simultaneously, fiber lengths and propagation constant will change, thereby cause the phase change in the interferometer.
Suppose two disturbing signal f
1(t) and f
2(t) phase change that causes is respectively:
In the formula, A
i, B
jThe amplitude of representing two disturbances respectively, ω
i, ω '
jThe angular frequency of representing two disturbances respectively,
The initial phase of representing two disturbances respectively, N and M are respectively the quantity of the frequency content component of two disturbances.
The disturbance location is along being expressed as respectively with the clockwise travel-time to detector counterclockwise:
In the formula, L is the distance (arm that do not comprise fiber optic loop) of coupling mechanism C apart from reference position (shown in dotted line in the accompanying drawing in this embodiment 1, the mid point of corresponding sensor fibre when promptly not comprising fiber optic loop D), and D is the length of fiber optic loop, z
1, z
2Corresponding respectively two disturbance locations are to the distance of reference position, τ
1, τ
2Be respectively disturbance that A orders along counterclockwise and CW to travel-time of PD2, τ
3, τ
4Be respectively disturbance that B orders along counterclockwise and CW to travel-time of PD2, c is the light velocity in the vacuum, n is the refractive index of sensor fibre.
The signal that receives at the detector place is:
In the formula, K
1Be the visibility of interferometer, I
0The luminous power that depends on laser instrument 1 output.
As shown in Figure 2, the multiple spot disturbance localization method of accordinging to one embodiment of the present invention comprises step:
S1. the signal that detector is received carries out pre-service, comprises step:
S1.1 filtering dc terms is removed dc terms and low-frequency disturbance item in the signal, can realize through directly on circuit, adding electric capacity at a distance from straight mode, can realize that also its effect is identical through active and passive modes such as high-pass filtering.Also can amplify and processing such as filtering,, amplify and the method for filtering is the mature technology of this area, not do at this and give unnecessary details to suppress noise and interference to the signal after straight.
S1.2 asks for K through the computing method that peak-to-peak value is asked in segmentation
1I
0, eliminating the variation of inducing the interference signal visibility that causes of declining because of luminous power fluctuation and signal polarization, can get:
This step is carried out segmentation to ask for the purpose of peak-to-peak value is for the product information of the light intensity that obtains interference signal and visibility and play and eliminate because the interference signal visibility variation that factors such as luminous power fluctuation and the decline of signal polarization inducement signal cause the signal after straight.And eliminate that the interference signal visibility changes and to obtain the method for light intensity and visibility information suitable too through asking for peak-to-peak value or alternate manner through anti-polarization decay technology and light power stabilising control technology.
S1.3 uses the trigonometric function phase extraction algorithms respectively to formula (8); (purpose that extracts the phase information in the trigonometric function through the trigonometric function phase extraction algorithms is for signal framing at the back basic preparation to be provided to extract phase information; And through other phase unwrapping, recover, go to wrap up, separate twine algorithm or similarly the phase information extraction algorithm extract the phase information in the trigonometric function; Comprise that phase place produces carrier wave (Phase Generated Carrier; PGC) method of modulation (comprising PGC internal modulation and PGC external modulation) etc. is suitable too), can get:
With formula (1)-Shi (6) substitution formula (9), can get:
To formula (10) utilization and difference eliminate indigestion formula, can get:
(11)
The quantity of supposing the composition that frequency is identical is P, and then formula (8) can be reduced to:
Wherein, the composition that frequency is identical can be expressed as:
Wherein:
(14)
S2. formula (12) is carried out frequency domain amplitude analysis of spectrum and phase spectral analysis respectively, the positional information of reduction undesired signal.
In this embodiment, be that variable carries out frequency domain amplitude analysis of spectrum and phase spectral analysis respectively to formula (12) with t, extract amplitude and phase information under each frequency content, and the system of equations of the incoherent equation composition of simultaneous.Obviously,, then can draw six equations, comprise A in these six equations each can obtain two equations at least in the formula (12)
i,
Bj,
z
1And z
2Six unknown numbers.To these six equations simultaneousness system of equations, the Jacobian matrix that is prone to this system of equations of proof is not degenerated, and then obvious solving equation group promptly can extract the position z of two disturbances
1And z
2
The method that also can analyze through other frequency domain amplitudes and phase spectrum needs only its final purpose and be the method that can extract amplitude and phase information under each frequency content, and is all applicable.
In the process of Simultaneous Equations, the discussion of need simply classifying is repeated no more here.
The location algorithm of 2 disturbances is generalized to the disturbance more than 3 and 3, can realizes detection and location based on the optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor multiple spot disturbance simultaneously of Sagnac interferometer.
Embodiment 2
The multiple spot disturbance localization method of the optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor of present embodiment comprises based on single Sagnac type interferometer shown in Figure 1, is example with 3 disturbances simultaneously, i.e. 3 disturbance f
1(t), f
2(t) and f
3(t) take place simultaneously.
f
1(t), f
2(t) disturbing signal f is supposed in the phase change cotype (1) and (2) that cause
3(t) phase place that causes is:
In the formula, C
kExpression f
3(t) amplitude, ω
k" expression f
3(t) angular frequency,
Expression f
3(t) initial phase, Q is f
3The quantity of frequency content component (t).
f
1(t), f
2(t) disturbance location is along being expressed as cotype (3)-(6), f respectively with the clockwise travel-time to detector counterclockwise
3(t) disturbance location is along being expressed as with the clockwise travel-time to detector counterclockwise:
In the formula, z
3Corresponding f
3(t) disturbance location is to the distance of reference position, τ
5, τ
6Be respectively f
3(t) disturbance at disturbance occurrence positions place along counterclockwise and CW to travel-time of detector.
The signal that receives at the detector place is:
The signal that detector is received carries out pre-service: the filtering dc terms, ask for K through the method that peak-to-peak value is asked in segmentation again
1I
0The interference signal visibility of eliminating because of luminous power fluctuates and signal polarization induces decline to cause changes, and can get
Formula (21) is used the trigonometric function phase extraction algorithms, can get:
With formula (1), (2), (3)-(6), (17)-(19) substitutions (22), can get:
To formula (23) utilization and difference eliminate indigestion formula, can get:
The quantity of supposing the composition that frequency is identical is P, and then formula (24) can be reduced to:
Wherein, the composition that frequency is identical can be expressed as:
Wherein,
With t is that variable carries out frequency domain amplitude analysis of spectrum and phase spectral analysis respectively to formula (25), obviously, to each can obtain two equations at least in the formula (25), then be not difficult the coldest days of the year end equation, comprise A in these nine equations
i,
B
j,
C
k,
z
1, z
2And z
3Totally nine unknown numbers.To these nine equations simultaneousness system of equations, the Jacobian matrix that is prone to this system of equations of proof is not degenerated, and then obvious solving equation group promptly can extract the position z of three disturbances
1, z
2And z
3In the process of Simultaneous Equations, the discussion of need simply classifying is repeated no more here.
Above embodiment only is used to explain the present invention; And be not limitation of the present invention; The those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also be made various variations and modification; Therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. multiple spot disturbance localization method is characterized in that the method comprising the steps of:
S1. the signal that detector is received carries out pre-service, extracts the phase information of said signal;
S2. the phase information that step S1 is obtained is carried out frequency domain amplitude analysis of spectrum and phase spectral analysis, extracts amplitude and phase information under each frequency content, the position of reduction disturbing signal.
2. multiple spot disturbance localization method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the pre-service among the step S1 further comprises step:
The dc terms of the said signal of S1.1 filtering;
The visibility that S1.2 eliminates said signal through anti-polarization decay method and light power stabilising control method changes;
S1.3 asks for the intensity signal of two interference signals after step S1.2 handles through the method for asking for peak-to-peak value;
S1.4 extracts phase information from said intensity signal.
3. multiple spot disturbance localization method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the pre-service among the step S1 further comprises step:
The dc terms of the said signal of S1.1 filtering;
The method that S1.2 asks for peak-to-peak value through segmentation is asked for the intensity signal of said signal;
S1.3 extracts phase information from said intensity signal.
4. multiple spot disturbance localization method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, after step S1.1, before the S1.2, also comprises step:
Signal after S1.11 handles step S1.1 amplifies and Filtering Processing.
5. multiple spot disturbance localization method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in step S1.3, the method for extracting phase information is that trigonometric function phase extraction method or phase place produce carrier modulation.
6. multiple spot disturbance localization method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that the phase information of extracting is:
·
·
·
Wherein, A
i, B
j, C
kRepresent the amplitude under the different angular frequencies of a plurality of disturbances respectively, ω
i, ω '
j, ω
k n' represent the angular frequency of a plurality of disturbances respectively,
Represent the initial phase under the different angular frequencies of a plurality of disturbances respectively, c is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the refractive index of sensor fibre, and L is the distance of coupling mechanism apart from the reference position, and D is the length of fiber optic loop, z
1, z
2And z
nCorresponding a plurality of disturbance locations are to the distance of said reference position respectively.
7. multiple spot disturbance localization method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in step S2, extract the amplitude and phase information under each frequency content after, the system of equations that the incoherent equation of simultaneous is formed, and find the solution said system of equations obtains the position of disturbing signal.
8. like each described multiple spot disturbance localization method of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that this method is based on the optical fiber distributed perturbation sensor of single Sagnac type interferometer.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104764472A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-08 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Pipeline monitoring system and method based on optical time domain reflection detection technology |
| CN105277272A (en) * | 2015-10-25 | 2016-01-27 | 复旦大学 | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing multi-point disturbance localization algorithm |
| CN107014409A (en) * | 2017-03-26 | 2017-08-04 | 天津大学 | A kind of long range optical frequency domain reflection-based optical fiber Distributed Multi destabilization sensing method |
| CN108803018A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-13 | 重庆理工大学 | The reconstructing method of optical waveguide longitudinal refractive index distribution |
| CN109489800A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-19 | 广东世港信息科技有限公司 | A kind of disturbance event recognition methods in distribution optic cable vibration safety pre-warning system |
| CN109520452A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-26 | 约翰内斯.海德汉博士有限公司 | Position-measurement device and method for running position measuring device |
| CN112285770A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-29 | 重庆大学 | Seismic wave phase spectrum disturbance method based on real number wavelet transformation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104764472A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-08 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Pipeline monitoring system and method based on optical time domain reflection detection technology |
| CN104764472B (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2017-04-12 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Pipeline monitoring system and method based on optical time domain reflection detection technology |
| CN105277272A (en) * | 2015-10-25 | 2016-01-27 | 复旦大学 | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing multi-point disturbance localization algorithm |
| CN107014409A (en) * | 2017-03-26 | 2017-08-04 | 天津大学 | A kind of long range optical frequency domain reflection-based optical fiber Distributed Multi destabilization sensing method |
| CN107014409B (en) * | 2017-03-26 | 2019-05-28 | 天津大学 | A kind of long range optical frequency domain reflection-based optical fiber Distributed Multi destabilization sensing method |
| CN109520452A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-26 | 约翰内斯.海德汉博士有限公司 | Position-measurement device and method for running position measuring device |
| CN108803018A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-13 | 重庆理工大学 | The reconstructing method of optical waveguide longitudinal refractive index distribution |
| CN108803018B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-09-08 | 重庆理工大学 | Method for reconstructing longitudinal refractive index distribution of optical waveguide |
| CN109489800A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-19 | 广东世港信息科技有限公司 | A kind of disturbance event recognition methods in distribution optic cable vibration safety pre-warning system |
| CN112285770A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-29 | 重庆大学 | Seismic wave phase spectrum disturbance method based on real number wavelet transformation |
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| CN102564476B (en) | 2014-08-06 |
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