CN102490088A - Three-dimensional spiral line grinding method through ultrasonic vibration - Google Patents

Three-dimensional spiral line grinding method through ultrasonic vibration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102490088A
CN102490088A CN2011103661727A CN201110366172A CN102490088A CN 102490088 A CN102490088 A CN 102490088A CN 2011103661727 A CN2011103661727 A CN 2011103661727A CN 201110366172 A CN201110366172 A CN 201110366172A CN 102490088 A CN102490088 A CN 102490088A
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ultrasonic vibration
elliptical
grinding
workpiece
ultrasonic
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梁志强
王西彬
吴勇波
解丽静
焦黎
刘志兵
李忠新
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

本发明提供一种超声振动三维螺线磨削方法,适用于难加工材料的高效精密加工。在普通磨床上采用超声换能器对工件施加砂轮轴向以及砂轮径向的二维超声振动,工件作椭圆超声振动。由于磨削速度方向是垂直于椭圆超声振动的平面,磨粒相对于工件的切削轨迹为三维空间螺旋线。本发明中,砂轮轴向的超声振动使磨粒在工件表面上的轨迹相互干涉,从而实现了粗糙度的降低;同时砂轮径向的超声振动导致磨粒的最大切削深度增加,磨粒发生断续性切削作用,从而实现磨削力的降低以及材料去除率的提高。该方法可提高加工表面质量,减少表面损伤,提高生产效率,因此适用于难加工材料的高效精密加工。The invention provides an ultrasonic vibration three-dimensional spiral grinding method, which is suitable for high-efficiency and precise machining of difficult-to-machine materials. On ordinary grinding machines, ultrasonic transducers are used to apply two-dimensional ultrasonic vibrations in the axial direction and radial direction of the grinding wheel to the workpiece, and the workpiece undergoes elliptical ultrasonic vibration. Since the direction of the grinding speed is perpendicular to the plane of the elliptical ultrasonic vibration, the cutting trajectory of the abrasive grains relative to the workpiece is a three-dimensional space helix. In the present invention, the ultrasonic vibration in the axial direction of the grinding wheel causes the trajectories of the abrasive grains to interfere with each other on the surface of the workpiece, thereby reducing the roughness; at the same time, the ultrasonic vibration in the radial direction of the grinding wheel causes the maximum cutting depth of the abrasive grains to increase, and the abrasive grains break. Continuous cutting action, so as to achieve the reduction of grinding force and the improvement of material removal rate. The method can improve the quality of the machined surface, reduce surface damage, and improve production efficiency, so it is suitable for efficient and precise machining of difficult-to-machine materials.

Description

The three-dimensional helical method for grinding of a kind of ultrasonic vibration
Technical field
The present invention relates to the three-dimensional helical method for grinding of a kind of ultrasonic vibration, be applicable to the high-efficiency and precision processing of difficult-to-machine material.
Background technology
Difficult-to-machine materials such as pottery, Semiconductor substrate, Sapphire Substrate, carbide alloy, high-speed steel are increasingly extensive in the application of industrial circles such as aviation, electronics, optics, automobile.Serious affected layer and the face crack of the inevitable generation of traditional grinding produces bigger grinding force and higher grinding temperature in the grinding process, aggravated the wearing and tearing of emery wheel and the damage of finished surface.One side needs finishing in time and changes emery wheel, for removing manufacturing deficiency and improving surface smoothness, needs long follow-up polishing processing on the other hand, has therefore increased processing cost, has reduced working (machining) efficiency.For addressing these problems, ultrasonic vibration is applied in the high efficient grinding of difficult-to-machine material.Using at present comparatively widely, ultrasonic vibration grinding mainly is summed up as two types: a kind of is one dimension axial vibration grinding, i.e. ultrasonic vibration direction be parallel to grinding wheel spindle to or surface of the work, its main feature is to increase substantially surface quality.The axial ultrasonic vibration can produce the near sinusoidal Cutting trajectory, and the grinding sword forever contacts with workpiece, can be used for the manufacturing of high accuracy complicated shape part.A kind of in addition is one dimension radial ultrasonic vibration grinding, i.e. ultrasonic vibration direction along emery wheel radially, its main feature is can significantly reduce grinding force and improve material removing rate, but can cause the increase of abrasion of grinding wheel and the slight increase of surface roughness.The increase of abrasion of grinding wheel is reduced by the abrasive particle ratio of coming off and lower thermal force causes abrasive particle microcosmic wearing and tearing increase.The slight increase of roughness is because under identical materials clearance condition, effectively abrasive grain cutting sword quantity increase and the reducing of surface of the work plastic deformation due to.According to the characteristics of one dimension ultrasonic vibration grinding,, originally researched and proposed the three-dimensional helical method for grinding of a kind of ultrasonic vibration in order to give full play to the processed edge of ultrasonic vibration grinding.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the three-dimensional helical method for grinding of a kind of ultrasonic vibration, be used to realize the high-efficiency and precision processing of difficult-to-machine material, reduce production costs.
Abrasive particle is removed workpiece material with three dimensions helix mode among the present invention.The cutting speed of abrasive particle and acceleration constantly change along with the variation of abrasive particle space displacement, cause grinding performance to change.Because there is the ultrasonic vibration component of vertical direction in abrasive particle; Cause the continuous cycle of the abrasive grain cutting degree of depth to change and the increase of abrasive particle maximum grinding depth; There is the interrupted cut effect in abrasive particle, and its effective cutting time reduces, simultaneously since the huge acceleration of abrasive particle to the impact and the emollescence effect of workpiece material; Cause grinding force to reduce significantly, thereby can improve working (machining) efficiency.Because there is the ultrasonic vibration component of emery wheel axial direction in abrasive particle, and the Cutting trajectory of different abrasive particles on workpiece interfered each other, impel workpiece surface roughness to reduce on the other hand, surface quality improves.Therefore the three-dimensional helical method for grinding of ultrasonic vibration can reduce grinding force significantly, improves surface quality simultaneously.Therefore this technology has broad application prospects, and can create tangible social value and economic benefit.
The present invention utilizes a kind of elliptical ultrasonic vibration device that workpiece is applied elliptical ultrasonic vibration, and this elliptical vibration plane is perpendicular to the grinding speed direction.The present invention is applied in the efficient precise grinding of sapphire single-crystal, can realize that grinding force reduces 40%, and roughness reduces 30%, and the crackle and the brittle fracture of finished surface significantly reduce, and ductility territory grinding depth significantly increases.At first,, reduced the wearing and tearing of emery wheel, improved the self-sharpening ability of emery wheel, prolonged service life because grinding force reduces significantly.Secondly, because the raising of machined surface quality has reduced the surface damage layer thickness, shortened follow-up polishing process time.
The elliptical ultrasonic vibration device can be easily installed on the general-purpose grinder among the present invention, need not to change grinding machine equipment, so processing cost is lower and simple to operate, can be widely used in the processing of difficult-to-machine material.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is elaborated.
Accompanying drawing 1: the three-dimensional helical Principle of Grinding and Cutting of ultrasonic vibration of the present invention sketch map.1 is emery wheel among the figure, and 2 is workpiece.
Accompanying drawing 2: the work sketch map of the three-dimensional helical grinding system of ultrasonic vibration of the present invention.1 is emery wheel among the figure, and 2 is workpiece, and 3 is elliptical ultrasonic vibration, and 4 is anchor clamps, and 5 is workbench, and 6 is bed piece.
The specific embodiment
1. workpiece 2 usefulness paraffin are fixed on the top end face of elliptical ultrasonic vibration 3, after then elliptical ultrasonic vibration oscillator 3 usefulness anchor clamps 4 being clamped, are fixed on the workbench 5 above the bed piece 6.
2. the position of adjustment elliptical ultrasonic vibration 3 guarantees that its elliptical vibration plane is perpendicular to the grinding speed direction.
3. open the wave function generator; Make two identical and dephased ac voltage signals of frequency of its output; After power amplifier amplifies; Be applied on elliptical ultrasonic vibration, the flexible and flexural vibration mode of oscillator is by excitation simultaneously, and this moment, workpiece was along with elliptical ultrasonic vibration 3 is done ultrasonic vibration with elliptical shape.
4. grinding wheel speed V is set sAnd grinding depth a p, table feed speed V wDeng machined parameters, carry out grinding.
5. after machining, workpiece is placed on the electric furnace with ultrasonic vibration, is heated to 100~150 ℃, treat that paraffin melts after, take off workpiece and carry out ultrasonic waves for cleaning, accomplish the processing of workpiece thus.

Claims (5)

1.超声振动三维螺线磨削方法,磨削过程中对工件施加了二维椭圆超声振动,其特征是:对工件施加了砂轮轴向和砂轮径向的二维超声振动,工件作二维椭圆超声振动,磨粒相对工件的切削轨迹是三维空间螺旋线。1. Ultrasonic vibration three-dimensional spiral grinding method. During the grinding process, two-dimensional elliptical ultrasonic vibration is applied to the workpiece. Elliptical ultrasonic vibration, the cutting track of the abrasive grain relative to the workpiece is a three-dimensional space helix. 2.根据权利要求1的超声振动三维螺线磨削方法,其特征是:该方法可以通过一种椭圆超声振动装置直接对工件施加椭圆超声振动。2. The ultrasonic vibration three-dimensional spiral grinding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method can directly apply elliptical ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece through an elliptical ultrasonic vibration device. 3.根据权利要求2所述的椭圆超声振动装置,其特征是:由一个椭圆超声振动子、波函数发生器、功率放大器以及夹具组成。3. The elliptical ultrasonic vibration device according to claim 2, characterized in that: it consists of an elliptical ultrasonic vibrator, a wave function generator, a power amplifier and a clamp. 4.根据权利要求2所述的椭圆超声振动装置,其特征是:椭圆超声振子由压电陶瓷晶体与金属弹性粘结制成,在某一超声频率下同时具有弯曲模态和伸缩模态。4. The elliptical ultrasonic vibration device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the elliptical ultrasonic vibrator is made of piezoelectric ceramic crystal and metal elastically bonded, and has a bending mode and a stretching mode at a certain ultrasonic frequency. 5.根据权利要求2所述的椭圆超声振动装置,其特征是:当用两个相同频率的交流电压信号对椭圆振动子的弯曲模态和伸缩模态同时激励,椭圆超声振子同时产生伸缩和弯曲振动,其运动合成为椭圆振动。5. The elliptical ultrasonic vibration device according to claim 2, characterized in that: when two AC voltage signals of the same frequency are used to simultaneously excite the bending mode and the stretching mode of the elliptical vibrator, the elliptical ultrasonic vibrator simultaneously produces stretching and stretching modes. Bending vibration, whose motion is synthesized into elliptical vibration.
CN2011103661727A 2011-11-17 2011-11-17 Three-dimensional spiral line grinding method through ultrasonic vibration Pending CN102490088A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102873595A (en) * 2012-10-12 2013-01-16 上海理工大学 Three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary processing device used for optical aspheric-surface grinding
CN104741979A (en) * 2015-03-30 2015-07-01 浙江工业大学 Ultrasonic grinding tiny female die machining equipment based on dielectrophoresis effect
CN104875083A (en) * 2015-06-03 2015-09-02 浙江工业大学 Micro-hole precision machining method
WO2018049790A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2018-03-22 青岛理工大学 Multi-angle two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding device of nano-fluid minimum quantity lubrication type
CN108693061A (en) * 2018-05-23 2018-10-23 天津大学 A kind of hard brittle material scratch experiment method feeding track based on trochoid
CN109849079A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-07 北京理工大学 An ultra-precision machining device for machining microstructure arrays
CN110262397A (en) * 2019-06-24 2019-09-20 北京理工大学 Turn-milling cutting spatially spiral trochoid motion profile and instantaneous Predictive Model of Cutting Force
CN110398792A (en) * 2019-07-22 2019-11-01 北京理工大学 A microlens array grinding device and method
CN110871370A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-03-10 重庆大学 Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary abrasive belt grinding equipment
CN112647375A (en) * 2020-09-07 2021-04-13 湖南大学 Vibration grinding steel rail grinding method
CN112658818A (en) * 2020-12-19 2021-04-16 华中科技大学 Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary grinding device for ultra-precision machining of wafer
CN114040831A (en) * 2019-07-16 2022-02-11 脸谱科技有限责任公司 Ultrasonic subaperture polishing of optical elements
CN115070517A (en) * 2022-07-26 2022-09-20 杭州和昇塑料制品有限公司 Scraping port processing structure and method for hollow bottle

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US20070066191A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2007-03-22 Kazumasa Ohnishi Cutting or grinding machine

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102873595A (en) * 2012-10-12 2013-01-16 上海理工大学 Three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary processing device used for optical aspheric-surface grinding
CN104741979A (en) * 2015-03-30 2015-07-01 浙江工业大学 Ultrasonic grinding tiny female die machining equipment based on dielectrophoresis effect
CN104741979B (en) * 2015-03-30 2017-03-15 浙江工业大学 The small die process equipment of ultrasonic grinding based on dielectrophoresis effect
CN104875083A (en) * 2015-06-03 2015-09-02 浙江工业大学 Micro-hole precision machining method
WO2018049790A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2018-03-22 青岛理工大学 Multi-angle two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding device of nano-fluid minimum quantity lubrication type
US10695889B2 (en) 2016-09-14 2020-06-30 Qingdao Technological University Multi-angle two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted nanofluid micro-lubrication grinding device
CN108693061A (en) * 2018-05-23 2018-10-23 天津大学 A kind of hard brittle material scratch experiment method feeding track based on trochoid
CN109849079A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-07 北京理工大学 An ultra-precision machining device for machining microstructure arrays
CN110262397B (en) * 2019-06-24 2020-10-23 北京理工大学 Method for modeling spiral trochoid motion trajectory and instantaneous cutting force in turn-milling machining space
CN110262397A (en) * 2019-06-24 2019-09-20 北京理工大学 Turn-milling cutting spatially spiral trochoid motion profile and instantaneous Predictive Model of Cutting Force
CN114040831A (en) * 2019-07-16 2022-02-11 脸谱科技有限责任公司 Ultrasonic subaperture polishing of optical elements
CN110398792A (en) * 2019-07-22 2019-11-01 北京理工大学 A microlens array grinding device and method
CN110871370A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-03-10 重庆大学 Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary abrasive belt grinding equipment
CN112647375A (en) * 2020-09-07 2021-04-13 湖南大学 Vibration grinding steel rail grinding method
CN112658818A (en) * 2020-12-19 2021-04-16 华中科技大学 Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary grinding device for ultra-precision machining of wafer
CN115070517A (en) * 2022-07-26 2022-09-20 杭州和昇塑料制品有限公司 Scraping port processing structure and method for hollow bottle

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Application publication date: 20120613