CN102482033A - Container for cargo - Google Patents
Container for cargo Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102482033A CN102482033A CN2010800374334A CN201080037433A CN102482033A CN 102482033 A CN102482033 A CN 102482033A CN 2010800374334 A CN2010800374334 A CN 2010800374334A CN 201080037433 A CN201080037433 A CN 201080037433A CN 102482033 A CN102482033 A CN 102482033A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- surface part
- corner
- outstanding
- facial
- corner post
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
- B65D88/12—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/0026—Corner fittings characterised by shape, configuration or number of openings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
- B60P1/64—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading the load supporting or containing element being readily removable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D5/00—Tank wagons for carrying fluent materials
- B61D5/08—Covers or access openings; Arrangements thereof
Abstract
The cargo container comprises a corner post having a substantially omega-shape in a flat sectional view, the corner post being defined by a first connection portion (41), a second connection portion (42), a first projecting surface portion (43), a second projecting surface portion (44), a first side surface portion (45), a second side surface portion (46), and a tip corner portion (40); wherein the relationship among the minimum width (b0), the thickness (t) of the corner post, and the material yield strength (F) of the corner post satisfies b0>740t/(vF), wherein the minimum width (b0) is the minimum width between the width from a first corner portion (40C) where the first connection portion (41) continues to the first projecting surface portion (43) to the second side surface portion (46), and the width from the second corner portion (40D) where the second connection portion (42) continues to the second projecting surface portion (44) to the first side surface portion (45); and the relationship among the maximum width (b), the thickness (t) of the corner post, and the material yield strength (F) of the corner post satisfies b=740t/(vF), wherein the maximum width (b) is the maximum width between the width of the first side surface portion (45) and the width of the second side surface portion (46).
Description
Technical field
The goods that the present invention relates to be used for seat transport and land transport lade is used freight container.
The application is willing to advocate preceence 2009-210180 number based on 09 11st, 2009 spies in japanese publication, quotes its content at this.
Background technology
The goods of shipping goods, and is made up of the casing of cubic mainly by metal component set-ups such as steel, corrosion-resistant steel, aluminium with freight container.In addition, this goods, transports via for example conveying arrangements such as boats and ships, lorry, railway at inner lade with freight container.Particularly in recent years; From not only in Japan; And the viewpoint of the logistic efficiencyization in the whole world is considered, make goods roughly general based on international standards such as ISO in the whole world with the shape of the linking portion of the withstand load performance of freight container, overall dimensions, transportation device etc.Through goods is realized universalization with freight container with certain rule criterionization, thus interchangeability and convenience when guaranteeing to transport.
But, in recent years, consider that from the viewpoint of the environment of preserving our planet in logistics field, the motion of subduing of the quantity discharged of greenhouse gases grows to even greater heights, mobile device progressively lightweights such as the boats and ships that convey goods, lorry, railway.Goods,, is realized being more preferably aspect the earth environment in protection so through realizing the lightweight of freight container self, bring the single-piece lightweight that comprises mobile device owing to transport through these mobile devices with freight container.Based on such background, also improving the weight-saving requirement at goods in freight container, but need guarantee the particularly withstand load performance of ISO regulation at this, realize lightweight simultaneously.
In addition, as the mode of goods with freight container, common goods possesses with freight container: rectangular-shaped base plate; Upright a pair of side panel and a pair of front and back panel of being located at four limits of this base plate; The upright bight of being located at above-mentioned base plate and with a plurality of corner posts of bonded assembly between the side edge part of the side edge part of above-mentioned side panel and above-mentioned front and back panel; Be located at the corner casting of the upper end and the lower end of these corner posts; Be connected the top panel that is provided with the rising wood of above-mentioned side panel and above-mentioned front and back panel.This goods with freight container in; Design as follows: the sectional area that cooperates with doing one's utmost and increase simultaneously this corner post through the cross sectional shape and the cross sectional shape of corner casting that makes corner post; Guarantee that when dress layer satisfied the performance that requires with respect to layer dress with respect to the parts yield strength of compressive load each other with freight container with goods.
Patent documentation 1: (Japan) special table 2005-536413 communique
But, use freight container according to existing goods, owing to must increase the sectional area of corner post, correspondingly its weight increases.That is, for realizing improving the parts yield strength with respect to compressive load, must increase the sectional area of corner post, correspondingly its weight increases, and existence can not be tackled the problem of weight-saving requirement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of corner post and goods realized to use freight container with a lightweight of freight container single-piece and the goods that can guarantee the parts yield strength and improve layer dress performance.
(1) one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of goods to use freight container, and it possesses: rectangular-shaped base plate; Upright a pair of side panel and a pair of front and back panel of being located at four limits of this base plate; The upright bight of being located at said base plate is with a plurality of corner posts of bonded assembly between the side edge part of the side edge part of said side panel and said front and back panel; Be located at the corner casting of the upper end and the lower end of these corner posts; Be connected the top panel that is provided with the rising wood of said side panel and said front and back panel; It is characterized in that; When plane section was observed said corner post, said corner post had by the roughly Ω shape that forms like lower component, promptly, be connected in first connecting portion of the side edge part of said side panel; Be connected in second connecting portion of the side edge part of said front and back panel; With said first connecting portion continuously and to the first outstanding outstanding face of outer direction that intersects with the face direction of said side panel; With said second connecting portion continuously and to the second outstanding outstanding face of outer direction that intersects with the face direction of said front and back panel; First side surface part of being located at the said first outstanding face directly or indirectly and extending to the face direction of said side panel; Second side surface part of being located at the said second outstanding face directly or indirectly and extending to the face direction of said front and back panel; With said first side surface part and the continuous front end corner part that is provided with of said second side surface part; From said first connecting portion and said first outstanding facial continuous first bight to said second side surface part with respect to the width dimensions of the vertical direction of said second side surface part and from said second connecting portion and said second outstanding facial continuous second bight to the first side surface part with respect to the material yield intensity F of the thickness t of the minimum at least width dimensions b0 the width dimensions of the vertical direction of said first side surface part, said corner post and corner post relation satisfies
and, the relation satisfied
of the thickness t of the maximum at least width dimensions b in the width dimensions of said first side surface part and said second side surface part, said corner post and the material yield intensity F of corner post
(2) use freight container according to above-mentioned (1) described goods; Preferably; Said front end corner part be provided with intersect with said first side surface part and the said second side surface part both sides and continuous inclined side facial, said inclined side is facial, the relation of the material yield intensity F of the thickness t of the maximum at least width dimensions b in the width dimensions of said first side surface part and said second side surface part, said corner post and corner post satisfies
(3) use freight container according to above-mentioned (2) described goods, preferably, the shape facial along said inclined side is formed with chamfered section in the bight of said corner casting.
(4) use freight container according to above-mentioned (1) described goods, preferably, be provided with front end convex curved surface portion that forms with toward the outer side convex surface or the front end concavity curved face part that forms with concave curved surface towards the inboard in said front end corner part.
(5) use freight container according to above-mentioned (4) described goods, preferably, the shape of said front end convex curved surface portion in edge or front end concavity curved face part is formed with chamfered section in the bight of said corner casting.
(6) use freight container according to each described goods in above-mentioned (1)～(5); Preferably, at least one bight in continuous the 4th bight of the continuous triangular part of said first outstanding facial and first side surface part and said second outstanding facial and second side surface part is formed with: with the dip plane to this bight carried out chamfering chamfer bevel portion, with toward the outer side convex surface to said bight carried out chamfering the convex chamfered section, and with concave curved surface said bight has been carried out at least one in the concavity chamfered section of chamfering towards the inboard.
(7) use freight container according to above-mentioned (6) described goods, preferably, the shape of the said chamfer bevel in edge portion, said convex chamfered section or said concavity chamfered section is formed with chamfered section in the bight of said corner casting.
(8) use freight container according to above-mentioned (1) described goods; Preferably; The said first outstanding face become from said first connecting portion toward the outer side and the outstanding inclination first of tilting of said leading section outstanding facial, the said second outstanding face become from said second connecting portion toward the outer side and the outstanding inclination second of tilting of said leading section outstanding facial.
(9) use freight container according to above-mentioned (8) described goods, preferably, be formed with chamfered section in the bight of said corner casting along the said inclination first outstanding shape facial and the second outstanding face that tilts.
(10) use freight container according to above-mentioned (1) described goods, preferably, be provided with the bent intermediate portion that forms with concave curved surface or flexion face at separately midway location in said first side surface part and second side surface part towards the inboard towards the inboard.
According to (1) described cargo-type container; Through strengthening the strength of material of corner post; The thickness of attenuate corner post; The width dimensions b0 of corner post is bigger than
; Even in the corner post that panel element possibly buckled; Through setting with the mode below each facial width dimensions b is
; Suppress buckling of panel element, can guarantee with respect to the parts yield strength of compressive load and reduce sectional area.Its result can realize the lightweight of corner post from body.
is the formula of the Effective width be of the panel element of compressive force in the expression bearing surface; If b≤be; Then can on panel element, not produce the invalid part of following partial buckling, can not reduce the efficient of cross section and realize lightweight effectively with respect to compressive force.
Through the thickness of attenuate corner post, can realize the lightweight of corner post self, bring goods with the lightweight of freight container single-piece, the discharge rate that can subdue greenhouse gases, and then consider from the viewpoint of the environment of preserving our planet, be optimal formation.And, through reducing the sectional area of corner post, also help the reduction of material cost, because face area also reduces, so the reduction of the cost that also helps application and consumed.
But; Under the situation of the sectional area that reduces corner post, consider that thickness with corner post is made as certain and reduces above-mentioned width dimensions b0, like this; When reducing the width dimensions b0 of corner post self; The junction surface of generation corner post and corner casting and each side, holding of front and back panel change, and perhaps deviate from the oad of international standard, unfavorable conditions such as interchangeability when diminishing transportation and convenience.
On the other hand, less change and reduce the device of sectional area as the profile that makes corner post self, under the situation of the thickness that has reduced corner post, with respect to each facial width dimensions b of corner post, it is that flakiness ratio (b/t) increases that thickness t reduces.Thus, produce the problem of partial buckling, and produce the problem of the performance that can not satisfy the compressive load when adorning with respect to layer.
Therefore, set thickness t and facial width dimensions b with the thickness t of the maximum at least width dimensions b in the width dimensions of first side surface part of corner post and second side surface part, corner post with the mode of the relation that relation satisfies
(below be called formula (1)) of material yield intensity F.Thus, partial buckling can be prevented, and the performance that requires of compressive load when adorning can be satisfied with respect to layer.
According to above-mentioned (2) described cargo-type container; Continuous inclined side is facial through intersecting front end corner part setting and first side surface part and the second side surface part both sides; Compare above-mentioned (1) described cargo-type container, can the width dimensions b of first side surface part and second side surface part be reduced the facial projection size amount of this inclined side.Thus, can reduce the flakiness ratio (b/t) of first side surface part and second side surface part.And, even facial, set the thickness t of corner post and the width dimensions b that each is facial through the relation that satisfies said formula (1) in inclined side, can prevent partial buckling, can guarantee the performance that requires with respect to corner post single-piece compressive load.
According to above-mentioned (3) described cargo-type container, owing to be formed with chamfered section at corner casting, so the sectional area of corner post reduces.Thus, corner casting self also can lightweight, can promote goods with the lightweight of freight container single-piece.
According to above-mentioned (4) described cargo-type container,, can reduce the width dimensions b of first side surface part and second side surface part through front end convex curved surface portion or front end concavity curved face part are set in front end corner part.Thus, can suppress the increase of the flakiness ratio (b/t) of first side surface part and second side surface part, prevent partial buckling, can guarantee the performance that requires with respect to corner post single-piece compressive load.
According to above-mentioned (5) described cargo-type container, owing to be formed with chamfered section at corner casting, so the sectional area of corner casting reduces.Thus, also lightweight of corner casting self can promote goods with the lightweight of freight container single-piece.
According to above-mentioned (6) described cargo-type container, the bight beyond front end corner part i.e. triangular part and the 4th bight, through chamfer bevel portion and convex chamfered section, concavity chamfered section are set, can reduce the width dimensions b of first side surface part and second side surface part.The flakiness ratio (b/t) that can further suppress thus, first side surface part and second side surface part.At this, as chamfer bevel portion, its thickness and the width dimensions of face and the relation of material yield intensity satisfy said formula (1) certainly.
According to above-mentioned (7) described cargo-type container, owing to be formed with chamfered section at corner casting, so the sectional area of corner casting reduces.Thus, also lightweight of corner casting self can promote goods with the lightweight of freight container single-piece.
According to above-mentioned (8) described cargo-type container; Through the first outstanding face and the second raised face portion are made as the first outstanding facial and second outstanding face that tilts respectively, can the width dimensions b of first side surface part and second side surface part be reduced their tilt quantity.Thus, can reduce the flakiness ratio (b/t) of first side surface part and second side surface part.Under this situation, first outstanding facial and the tilt second outstanding facial thickness t and the relation of width dimensions b and material yield intensity F that tilt satisfies said formula (1).
According to above-mentioned (9) described cargo-type container, owing to be formed with chamfered section at corner casting, so the sectional area of corner casting reduces.Thus, corner casting self also can lightweight, can promote goods with the lightweight of freight container single-piece.
According to (10) described cargo-type container, through utilize bent intermediate portion with first side surface part and second side surface part cut apart for about, the width dimensions b of each side surface part that can reduce to be cut apart.Thus, because the flakiness ratio (b/t) of first side surface part and second side surface part reduces, so can improve partial buckling intensity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the goods of an embodiment of the present invention with freight container;
Fig. 2 is with the corner post of freight container and the amplification profile of corner casting with goods;
Fig. 3 is the amplification profile of the variation of expression corner post;
Fig. 4 is the amplification profile of other variation of expression corner post;
Fig. 5 is the amplification profile of other variation of expression corner post;
Fig. 6 is the amplification profile of other variation of expression corner post;
Fig. 7 is the amplification profile of other variation of expression corner post;
Fig. 8 is the amplification profile of other variation of expression corner post;
Fig. 9 is the amplification profile of the variation of expression corner casting;
Figure 10 is the amplification profile of the existing corner post of expression;
Figure 11 is the figure of the FEM analysis result of the expression embodiment of the invention;
Figure 12 is the FEM analysis result figure of expression comparative example of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the chart of load-deformation relationship of the analysis result of said embodiment and comparative example.
Nomenclature
1 goods is used freight container
2 side panel
3 front and back panels
4,4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F corner post
5 corner castings
6 top panel
40 front end corner part
The 40A triangular part
40B the 4th bight
40C first bight
40D second bight
41 first connecting portions
42 second connecting portions
43 first is outstanding facial
43A inclination first is outstanding facial
44 second is outstanding facial
44A inclination second is outstanding facial
45 first side surface part
46 second side surface part
47 inclined side are facial
48,49 chamfer bevel portions
50 front end convex curved surface portions
51,52 convex chamfered section
53 front end concavity curved face part
54,55 concavity chamfered section
56 bent intermediate portions
57 bent intermediate portions
The specific embodiment
Below, based on accompanying drawing an embodiment of the present invention is described.
As shown in Figure 1, used goods of the present invention and constituted by casing with freight container 1, but lade.In addition, cargo-type container 1 constitutes through metallic such as steel, corrosion-resistant steel, aluminium.Goods uses freight container 1 owing to be prerequisite to transport via for example conveying arrangements such as boats and ships, lorry, railway, so the interchangeability when improving transportation and the viewpoint of convenience for example are made as the specification based on standards such as ISO.
Goods possesses with the formation of freight container 1: a pair of side panel 2 on not shown rectangular-shaped base plate, upright four limits of being located at this base plate and a pair of front and back panel 3, the upright bight of being located at base plate and be connected the top panel 6 of setting with the corner casting 5 of a plurality of corner post of bonded assembly between the side edge part of the side edge part of side panel 2 and front and back panel 34, the upper end of being located at these corner posts 4 and lower end, with the rising wood of side panel 2 and front and back panel 3.
Below, describe with the formation of the corner post 4 of freight container 1 being applicable to the goods of having used this embodiment based on Fig. 2～Fig. 8.At this, Fig. 2 is the section-drawing of the corner post 4 of expression representation mode, and Fig. 3～Fig. 8 is the section-drawing of the corner post 4 of expression variation.
In the arbitrary situation of Fig. 2～Fig. 8, corner post 4 is made up of climate-resistant steel, for example through being that steel plate about 3mm～5mm carries out Bending Processing and forms to thickness t.Steel plate materials used yield strength F is the steel about 550MPa～700MPa.
As shown in Figure 2; When plane section is observed corner post 4, corner post 4 have by first connecting portion 41 of the side edge part that is connected in side panel 2, be connected in the side edge part of front and back panel 3 second connecting portion 42, with first connecting portion 41 continuously and to the outer direction (being the directions X left-hand among the figure) of intersecting with the face direction of side panel 2 outstanding first outstanding facial 43, with second connecting portion 42 continuously and to the outer direction of intersecting with the face direction of front and back panel 3 (among the figure under the Y direction to) outstanding second outstanding facial 44, directly be located at first outstanding facial 43 and first side surface part 45 of extending to the face direction of side panel 2, directly be located at second side surface part 46 of the second outstanding face 44 and the face direction extension of panel 3 forwards, backwards, be located at the roughly Ω shape that the front end corner part 40 of first side surface part 45 and second side surface part 46 forms continuously.
Particularly, first connecting portion 41 is located at the face direction (be the Y direction among the figure: goods is with the length direction of freight container 1) of side panel 2 abreast and is connected with side panel 2.Second connecting portion 42 is located at the face direction (be directions X among the figure: goods is with the Width of freight container 1) of front and back panel 3 abreast and is connected with front and back panel 3.
In addition, in this embodiment, be formed with first side surface part 45 and second side surface part, 46 these both sides in front end corner part 40 and intersect continuous inclined side facial 47.This inclined side facial 47 is that front end corner part 40 is carried out chamfering and formed (downside and left side among Fig. 2).
The edge portion welded joint of first connecting portion 41 and side panel 2, the edge portion welded joint of second connecting portion 42 and front and back panel 3.The upper and lower side edge of first outstanding facial 43, second outstanding facial 44, first side surface part 45, second side surface part 46 and inclined side facial 47 respectively with up and down corner casting 5 welded joint.Goods is contained in 4 last times of such corner post with freight container 1 levels, and goods up and down is against each other with the corner casting 5 of freight container 1.Consequently, the goods of piling up above passes to the corner post 4 of the goods of downside with freight container 1 with the load of freight container 1 via each corner casting 5.On corner casting 5, be provided with cross-drilled hole from the side with respect to the matrix of the case shape of foundry goods system, and then face is provided with hole (or be provided with down from below hole) from it.These cross-drilled holes and on hole (or down hole) can install respectively through crane etc. and sling or erecting equipment when carrying.In addition, the goods on be piled up in is with in the freight container 1, butt between corner casting 5 bearing surface each other.
Secondly; Width dimensions b0 as corner post 4; At first, the width dimensions bx0 of the directions X of corner post 4 is the width dimensions with respect to the vertical direction of first side surface part 45 from second connecting portion 42 and second outstanding facial 44 continuous second bight 40D to the first side surface part 45.In other words, with the size except that second connecting portion 42, promptly second connecting portion 42 and the second outstanding facial 44 continuous second bight 40D and the distance of first side surface part 45 are set.
In addition, the width dimensions by0 of Y direction is the width dimensions with respect to the vertical direction of second side surface part 46 from first connecting portion 41 and first outstanding facial 43 continuous first bight 40C to the second side surface part 46.In other words, with the size except that first connecting portion 41, promptly first connecting portion 41 and the first outstanding facial 43 continuous first bight 40C and the distance of second side surface part 46 are set.That is, width dimensions bx0, by0 are respectively the size with corner casting 5 engaging portion.Below, width dimensions is called the set and assembling parts department width dimensions.As such set and assembling parts department width dimensions bx0, by0; Size by based on the corner casting 5 of international standard stipulates that for example by thickness of slab center size Expressing, the thickness of corner post (thickness of slab) is 6mm; Set and assembling parts department width dimensions bx0 is about 149mm, and set and assembling parts department width dimensions by0 is about 168mm.
In addition, the width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 is the size of the width dimensions by2 of the projection amount that deducted inclined side facial 47 by set and assembling parts department width dimensions by0.On the other hand, the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46 is the sizes of width dimensions bx2 that deducted the projection amount of inclined side facial 47 by set and assembling parts department width dimensions bx0.
At this; As one of the setting of each width dimensions bx0, by0 example; Material yield intensity F is 700MPa, is under the situation of 3.6mm in the thickness t of corner post 4, and the set and assembling parts department width dimensions bx0 of directions X is about 149mm; The set and assembling parts department width dimensions by0 of Y direction is about 168mm, and these set and assembling parts department width dimensions b0 (bx0, by0) satisfies the relation with following formula (0).
In addition; The width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 is 100mm; The width dimensions by2 of the projection amount of inclined side facial 47 is made as 68mm, and the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46 is 100mm, and the width dimensions bx2 of the projection amount of inclined side facial 47 is set at 49mm.Therefore, the width dimensions bxy of inclined side facial 47 is set at about 83.8mm.The relation of the material yield intensity F of the width dimensions b of the maximum among the width dimensions b of such face (bx1, by1, bxy) and the thickness t of corner post 4 and corner post 4 satisfies with following formula (1).
Therefore, material yield intensity F is 700MPa, is under the situation of 3.6mm in thickness t, as width dimensions b (bx1, by1, bxy), as long as for the computing value on the right of formula (1) be below the 100.7mm.At this, the width dimensions bxy of the width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 of an above-mentioned example and the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46, inclined side facial 47 is below the 100.7mm, satisfies formula (1).
Secondly, among Fig. 3, corner post 4A has outstanding facial 44, first side surface part 45 of first connecting portion 41 roughly the same with above-mentioned corner post 4, second connecting portion 42, first outstanding facial 43, second, second side surface part 46 and inclined side facial 47.The plane section shape of corner post 4A forms roughly Ω shape, is formed with the chamfer bevel portion 48 that carries out chamfer bevel with respect to first outstanding facial 43 and first side surface part 45 at first outstanding facial 43 and first side surface part, the 45 continuous triangular part 40A.That is, first side surface part 45 is arranged at first outstanding facial 43 indirectly.
In addition, be formed with the chamfer bevel portion 49 that carries out chamfer bevel with respect to second outstanding facial 44 and second side surface part 46 at second outstanding facial 44 and second side surface part, 46 the 4th continuous bight 40B.That is, second side surface part 46 is arranged at second outstanding facial 44 indirectly.In this corner post 4A, the width dimensions bxyA of inclined side facial 47 is littler than corner post shown in Figure 24.In addition, littler through the width dimensions by1A that forms chamfer bevel portion 48, the first side surface part 45 than the width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 shown in Figure 2.In addition, littler through the width dimensions bx1A that forms chamfer bevel portion 49, the second side surface part 46 than the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46 shown in Figure 2.That is, even in corner post 4A, the width dimensions bxyA of the width dimensions bx1A of the width dimensions by1A of first side surface part 45 and second side surface part 46, inclined side facial 47 all satisfies formula (1).
Secondly, among Fig. 4, corner post 4B has outstanding facial 44, first side surface part 45 of first connecting portion 41 roughly same with above-mentioned corner post 4, second connecting portion 42, first outstanding facial 43, second, second side surface part 46, and plane section is Ω shape roughly.Replace above-mentioned inclined side facial 47 to be formed with front end convex curved surface portion 50 with protruding laterally curved surface formation in front end corner part 40; Be formed with the convex chamfered section 51 of having carried out chamfering with protruding laterally curved surface at triangular part 40A, be formed with the convex chamfered section 52 of having carried out chamfering with protruding laterally curved surface at the 4th bight 40B.That is, first side surface part 45 is arranged at first outstanding facial 43, the second side surface part 46 indirectly and is arranged at second outstanding facial 44 indirectly.
At this corner post 4B; Through forming front end convex curved surface portion 50 and convex chamfered section 51,52; The width dimensions by1B of first side surface part 45 is littler than the width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 shown in Figure 2, and the width dimensions bx1B of second side surface part 46 is littler than the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46 shown in Figure 2.That is, even in corner post 4B, the width dimensions bx1B of the width dimensions by1B of first side surface part 45 and second side surface part 46 all satisfies formula (1).
Secondly, among Fig. 5, corner post 4C has outstanding facial 44, first side surface part 45 of first connecting portion 41 roughly same with above-mentioned corner post 4, second connecting portion 42, first outstanding facial 43, second, second side surface part 46, and plane section is Ω shape roughly.Replace above-mentioned inclined side facial 47 and front end convex curved surface portion 50; Be formed with the front end concavity curved face part 53 that forms with recessed to the inside curved surface in front end corner part 40; Be formed with the concavity chamfered section 54 of having carried out chamfering with recessed to the inside curved surface at triangular part 40A, be formed with the concavity chamfered section 55 of having carried out chamfering with recessed to the inside curved surface at the 4th bight 40B.That is, first side surface part 45 is located at first outstanding facial 43, the second side surface part 46 indirectly and is located at second outstanding facial 44 indirectly.
At this corner post 4C; Through forming front end concavity curved face part 53 and concavity chamfered section 54,55; The width dimensions by1C of first side surface part 45 is littler than the width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 shown in Figure 2, and the width dimensions bx1C of second side surface part 46 is littler than the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46 shown in Figure 2.That is, even in corner post 4C, the width dimensions bx1C of the width dimensions by1C of first side surface part 45 and second side surface part 46 all satisfies formula (1).
Secondly; Among Fig. 6; It is facial 47 that corner post 4D has outstanding facial 44, first side surface part 45 of first connecting portion 41 roughly same with above-mentioned corner post 4, second connecting portion 42, first outstanding facial 43, second, second side surface part 46, inclined side, and plane section is Ω shape roughly.Be formed with convex chamfered section 51 at triangular part 40A, be formed with convex chamfered section 52 at the 4th bight 40B.That is, first side surface part 45 is located at first outstanding facial 43, the second side surface part 46 indirectly and is located at second outstanding facial 44 indirectly.
Even in this corner post 4D, the width dimensions bxyD of the width dimensions bx1D of the width dimensions by1D of first side surface part 45, second side surface part 46 and inclined side facial 47 all satisfies formula (1).
Secondly; Among Fig. 7; It is facial 47 that corner post 4E has outstanding facial 44, first side surface part 45 of first connecting portion 41 roughly same with above-mentioned corner post 4, second connecting portion 42, first outstanding facial 43, second, second side surface part 46, inclined side, and plane section is Ω shape roughly.First outstanding facial 43 becomes from first connecting portion 41 toward the outer side and the front end corner part 40 outstanding inclination first outstanding facial 43A that tilts.That is, in corner post shown in Figure 24, the angle that first outstanding facial 43 and first side surface part 45 constitutes is 90 degree roughly, but among the corner post 4E shown in Figure 7, the angle α 1 that the first outstanding facial 43A and first side surface part 45 constitute spends above 90.Second outstanding facial 44 becomes from second connecting portion 42 toward the outer side and the front end corner part 40 outstanding inclination second outstanding facial 44A that tilts.Promptly, in the corner post 4 shown in Figure 2, the angle that second outstanding facial 44 and second side surface part 46 constitutes is 90 degree roughly, but among the corner post 4E shown in Figure 7, the angle α 2 that the second outstanding facial 44A and second side surface part 46 constitute spends above 90.In this corner post 4E; Through forming inclined side face 47, the inclination first outstanding facial 43A and the second outstanding facial 44A that tilts; The width dimensions by1E of first side surface part 45 is littler than the width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 shown in Figure 2, and the width dimensions bx1E of second side surface part 46 is littler than the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46 shown in Figure 2.That is, even in corner post 4E, the width dimensions bxyE of the width dimensions bx1E of the width dimensions by1E of first side surface part 45, second side surface part 46 and inclined side facial 47 all satisfies formula (1).And the width dimensions by3 of the width dimensions bx3 of the first outstanding facial 43A that tilts and the second outstanding facial 44A that tilts also satisfies formula (1).
Secondly, among Fig. 8, corner post 4F has outstanding facial 44, first side surface part 45 of first connecting portion 41 roughly same with above-mentioned corner post 4, second connecting portion 42, first outstanding facial 43, second, second side surface part 46, and plane section is Ω shape roughly.Above-mentioned inclined side facial 47 is omitted, and is formed with crooked to the inside bent intermediate portion 56 at the midway location of first side surface part 45, is formed with crooked to the inside bent intermediate portion 57 at the midway location of second side surface part 46.In this corner post 4F; Through forming bent intermediate portion 56,57; The width dimensions by4F of cutting apart the first side surface part 45A and width dimensions by5F that first side surface part 45 is divided into two are littler than the width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 shown in Figure 2, and the width dimensions bx4F of cutting apart the second side surface part 46A and width dimensions bx5F that second side surface part 46 is divided into two are littler than the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46 shown in Figure 2.That is,, cut apart width dimensions by4F, the by5F of the first side surface part 45A, the width dimensions bx4F of cutting apart the second side surface part 46A, bx5F and all satisfy formula (1) even in corner post 4F.
Secondly, describe with the variation of the corner casting of freight container 1 having used goods of the present invention based on Fig. 9.At this, Fig. 9 has represented to adopt the corner casting 5A of the variation under the situation of above-mentioned corner post 4A.
Three bights in the outside of corner casting 5A; Shape along the inclined side that is formed at front end corner part 40 facial 47 of corner post 4A is formed with chamfered section 5B; Shape along being formed at the chamfer bevel portion 48 of triangular part 40A is formed with chamfered section 5C, is formed with chamfered section 5D along the shape that is formed at the chamfer bevel portion 49 of the 4th bight 40B.Like this, through forming the corresponding chamfered section 5B of shape, 5C, the 5D with corner post 4A at corner casting 5A, corner casting 5A self also can lightweight, can promote goods with freight container 1 single-piece lightweight.
At this, use corner post 4A shown in Figure 3, be illustrated in the formation that corner casting 5A is formed with chamfered section, but also can form chamfered section at the corner casting 5 of Fig. 2, Fig. 4～Fig. 8.
Embodiment
Below, explain and inquire into the result of the parts yield strength of corner post with freight container 1 having used goods of the present invention.
At this, use freight container 1 to be embodiment to have used goods of the present invention, use freight container to be comparative example with the goods of corner post with existing mode, the FEM that implements each freight container resolves, and calculates the parts yield strength of corner post.In addition, the FEM analytic model uses with the quarter on each freight container plane and at boundary member and sets symmetric condition, can consider the model of partial buckling simultaneously to the element of each parts of comprising corner post.In addition, analysis condition is with reference to the test load condition of the Test No.1 (Stacking) of ISO1496-1, after having applied distributed load on the base plate, will impose on corner casting from the normal load of the upper strata freight container of layer dress, and this normal load is increased gradually.Investigation is until each stress of the partial buckling that produces this moment and the vertical deformation of load point.
(embodiment)
Embodiment uses corner post shown in Figure 24.The material yield intensity F of this corner post 4 is 700MPa, and the thickness t of corner post 4 is 3.6mm.And; The width dimensions bx0 of the set and assembling parts department of the directions X of corner post 4 is 149mm; The width dimensions by0 of the set and assembling parts department of Y direction is 168mm; The width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 is 100mm (width dimensions by2 is 68mm), and the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46 is 100mm (width dimensions bx2 is 49mm)
(comparative example)
Comparative example uses the parts identical with embodiment except that using corner post 400 shown in Figure 10.The material yield intensity F of the corner post 400 of comparative example is 700MPa, and the thickness t of corner post 400 is 3.6mm.And corner post 400 possesses first connecting portion 410, second connecting portion, 420, first outstanding facial 430, second outstanding facial 440, first side surface part 450 and second side surface part 460, and plane section is Ω shape roughly.Do not see that corner post 400 is different with the corner post 4 of embodiment forming on facial 47 this point of inclined side.The width dimensions bx0 of the set and assembling parts department of the directions X of corner post 400 and Y direction, by0 are respectively 149mm, 168mm.The width dimensions of set and assembling parts department is identical with facial width dimensions on all directions, and therefore, the width dimensions of the face of first side surface part 450 is 168mm, and the width dimensions of second side surface part 460 is 149mm.
Figure 11 representes the Meath stress contour figure and the deformation pattern of the analysis result of embodiment, and Figure 12 representes the Meath stress contour figure and the deformation pattern of the analysis result of comparative example.In addition, Figure 13 representes the chart of the load-deformation relationship of embodiment and comparative example.
In the corner post 4 of embodiment, shown in figure 11, do not observe partial buckling in first side surface part 45 and inclined side facial 47, shown in figure 13, even surpass regulation require yield strength (yield strength of ISO regulation), yield strength also can stably rise.
On the other hand, shown in figure 12 in the corner post 400 of comparative example, produce partial buckling in first side surface part 450 and second side surface part 460.Its result is shown in figure 13, is reaching the requiring before the yield strength of regulation, and the rigidity of representing with the gradient of load-deformation relationship significantly reduces, and yield strength sharply reduces afterwards, learns that yield strength can not rise.
Secondly, intensity of variation and the efficient ρ (width dimensions b is with respect to the ratio of Effective width
) in the cross section that each is facial of each facial width dimensions of the facial alteration of form of the inclined side of corner post shown in Figure 24 followed in table 1 expression.The width dimensions bx2 and the by2 of the projection amount through increasing inclined side facial 47; Can the width dimensions bx1 of second side surface part 46 and the width dimensions by1 of first side surface part 45 be suppressed for littler than Effective width be; If but make bx2 and by2 excessive; Then the width dimensions bxy of inclined side facial 47 surpasses be, can know this efficient reduction.
Promptly; Consider the width dimensions that each is facial; At least be maximum face at width dimensions, satisfy the mode of the relation of
with the relation of the material yield intensity F of the thickness t of corner post, facial width dimensions b, corner post and set facial width dimensions b, thickness t and material yield intensity F.Thus, can in the parts yield strength of guaranteeing with respect to compressive load, reduce sectional area, therefore, can realize the lightweight of corner post self, and can improve yield strength.
Table 1
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, comprises other that can realize the object of the invention and constitutes, and the present invention also comprises the distortion shown in following etc.
For example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, be that example is illustrated with 700MPa as the material yield intensity F of the steel that are used for corner post, but be not limited to 700MPa as material yield intensity F.In addition, material yield intensity F is not limited to normal intensity, also can set according to actual strength.In the section-drawing of the corner post of Fig. 2～Figure 10; Omit diagram and follow the bending R (usually in about thickness of slab center radius R=1.5t～2.5t) of the shaping processing of corner post; But under the situation that bending R exists, can the terminal point of R be confirmed facial width dimensions equidimension as starting point.
In addition, formation, method that is used for the best of embodiment of the present invention etc. is disclosed in above record, but the present invention is not limited to this.Promptly; The present invention has mainly carried out diagram and explanation to specific embodiment especially; But those skilled in the art can be under the scope that does not break away from technological thought of the present invention and purpose, applies various distortion for shape, material, quantity, other detailed formation of above-described embodiment.
Therefore; The record content that defines above-mentioned disclosed shape, material etc. is just for making the easy but content of exemplary record of understanding of the present invention; Be not to limit the present invention; Therefore, the record content of the title of the parts except that the qualification of parts such as material these shapes, material or whole qualification is contained among the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a goods is used freight container, and it possesses:
Rectangular-shaped base plate;
Upright a pair of side panel and a pair of front and back panel of being located at four limits of this base plate;
The upright bight of being located at said base plate is with a plurality of corner posts of bonded assembly between the side edge part of the side edge part of said side panel and said front and back panel;
Be located at the corner casting of the upper end and the lower end of these corner posts;
Be connected the top panel that is provided with the rising wood of said side panel and said front and back panel, it is characterized in that,
When plane section was observed said corner post, said corner post had by the roughly Ω shape that forms like lower component, promptly,
Be connected in first connecting portion of the side edge part of said side panel;
Be connected in second connecting portion of the side edge part of said front and back panel;
With said first connecting portion continuously and to the first outstanding outstanding face of outer direction that intersects with the face direction of said side panel;
With said second connecting portion continuously and to the second outstanding outstanding face of outer direction that intersects with the face direction of said front and back panel;
First side surface part of being located at the said first outstanding face directly or indirectly and extending to the face direction of said side panel;
Second side surface part of being located at the said second outstanding face directly or indirectly and extending to the face direction of said front and back panel;
With said first side surface part and the continuous front end corner part that is provided with of said second side surface part,
From said first connecting portion and the first projecting portion of the first corner portion contiguous to said second side portion with respect to the second side portion of the width dimension in the vertical direction from the second connecting portion said second projecting portion and the second corner portion contiguous to the first side surface portion of the first side portion with respect to the vertical direction of the width dimension of the minimum width dimension of at least b0, the thickness t of the corner posts and corner posts The material yield strength of F satisfies
And the relation of the thickness t of the maximum at least width dimensions b in the width dimensions of said first side surface part and said second side surface part, said corner post and the material yield intensity F of corner post satisfies
2. goods as claimed in claim 1 is used freight container, it is characterized in that,
Said front end corner part be provided with intersect with said first side surface part and the said second side surface part both sides and continuous inclined side facial,
The relation of the thickness t of the maximum at least width dimensions b in the width dimensions of said inclined side face, said first side surface part and said second side surface part, said corner post and the material yield intensity F of corner post satisfies
3. goods as claimed in claim 2 is used freight container, it is characterized in that,
The shape facial along said inclined side is formed with chamfered section in the bight of said corner casting.
4. goods as claimed in claim 1 is used freight container, it is characterized in that,
Be provided with front end convex curved surface portion that forms with toward the outer side convex surface or the front end concavity curved face part that forms with concave curved surface in said front end corner part towards the inboard.
5. goods as claimed in claim 4 is used freight container, it is characterized in that,
Shape along said front end convex curved surface portion or front end concavity curved face part is formed with chamfered section in the bight of said corner casting.
6. use freight container like each described goods in the claim 1～5, it is characterized in that,
At least one bight in continuous the 4th bight of the continuous triangular part of said first outstanding facial and first side surface part and said second outstanding facial and second side surface part is formed with:
With the dip plane to this bight carried out chamfering chamfer bevel portion, with toward the outer side convex surface to said bight carried out chamfering the convex chamfered section, and with concave curved surface said bight has been carried out at least one in the concavity chamfered section of chamfering towards the inboard.
7. goods as claimed in claim 6 is used freight container, it is characterized in that,
The shape of edge said chamfer bevel portion, said convex chamfered section or said concavity chamfered section is formed with chamfered section in the bight of said corner casting.
8. goods as claimed in claim 1 is used freight container, it is characterized in that,
The said first outstanding face become from said first connecting portion toward the outer side and the outstanding inclination first of tilting of said leading section outstanding facial,
The said second outstanding face become from said second connecting portion toward the outer side and the outstanding inclination second of tilting of said leading section outstanding facial.
9. goods as claimed in claim 8 is used freight container, it is characterized in that,
Be formed with chamfered section along the said inclination first outstanding shape facial and the second outstanding face that tilts in the bight of said corner casting.
10. goods as claimed in claim 1 is used freight container, it is characterized in that,
Be provided with the bent intermediate portion that forms with concave curved surface or flexion face at separately midway location towards the inboard towards the inboard in said first side surface part and second side surface part.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009-210180 | 2009-09-11 | ||
| JP2009210180 | 2009-09-11 | ||
| PCT/JP2010/065616 WO2011030852A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2010-09-10 | Container for cargo |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102482033A true CN102482033A (en) | 2012-05-30 |
| CN102482033B CN102482033B (en) | 2014-04-02 |
Family
ID=43732520
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201080037433.4A Active CN102482033B (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2010-09-10 | Container for cargo |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPWO2011030852A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101354829B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102482033B (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI417232B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011030852A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019215420A3 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2020-01-16 | Blok Container Systems Limited | Test method for shipping containers, test rig and corner fitting |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1175302A (en) * | 1967-01-20 | 1969-12-23 | Graaff J Niedersaechs Waggon | Improvements in or relating to Containers. |
| JPS6215191Y2 (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1987-04-17 | ||
| JP2006328942A (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-12-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Buckling reinforcing structure of box-shaped cross-sectional thin plate member |
| JP2008266992A (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-11-06 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Metal Products Co Ltd | Corrugated steel plate for civil engineering structure and vertical shaft |
| US20090001075A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | China International Marine Containers (Group) Ltd. | Container |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR200379682Y1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2005-03-23 | 박종근 | Slanting lined corner post |
-
2010
- 2010-09-09 TW TW099130482A patent/TWI417232B/en active
- 2010-09-10 WO PCT/JP2010/065616 patent/WO2011030852A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-09-10 JP JP2011505296A patent/JPWO2011030852A1/en active Pending
- 2010-09-10 KR KR1020127006071A patent/KR101354829B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-10 CN CN201080037433.4A patent/CN102482033B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1175302A (en) * | 1967-01-20 | 1969-12-23 | Graaff J Niedersaechs Waggon | Improvements in or relating to Containers. |
| JPS6215191Y2 (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1987-04-17 | ||
| JP2006328942A (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-12-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Buckling reinforcing structure of box-shaped cross-sectional thin plate member |
| JP2008266992A (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-11-06 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Metal Products Co Ltd | Corrugated steel plate for civil engineering structure and vertical shaft |
| US20090001075A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | China International Marine Containers (Group) Ltd. | Container |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019215420A3 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2020-01-16 | Blok Container Systems Limited | Test method for shipping containers, test rig and corner fitting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101354829B1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| TW201114665A (en) | 2011-05-01 |
| CN102482033B (en) | 2014-04-02 |
| KR20120039064A (en) | 2012-04-24 |
| JPWO2011030852A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
| WO2011030852A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
| TWI417232B (en) | 2013-12-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5311520B2 (en) | Pressure vessel for shipping container | |
| CN107226291B (en) | Tank container | |
| CA2598231C (en) | Bulk materials container | |
| US20190009981A1 (en) | Top side beam of container and container | |
| US11072369B2 (en) | Stamped rear frame bolster | |
| US6279767B1 (en) | Container with an increased door opening height | |
| CN102482033B (en) | Container for cargo | |
| US6592171B1 (en) | Dump body structure for an off-highway truck | |
| CN102249053B (en) | Cargo container | |
| CN103625486A (en) | End wall of open wagon and railway open wagon | |
| CN2883171Y (en) | Eccentric basement beam of hatch cover for transporting super-width containers | |
| CN106516482B (en) | Tank container | |
| USH1318H (en) | Composite truck body floor | |
| CN201961736U (en) | Bottom frame and container | |
| CN201587687U (en) | Container underframe | |
| US11554941B2 (en) | Lattice piece, lattice boom, and work machine | |
| CN103979207A (en) | Package buffering structure | |
| CN218489766U (en) | Self-unloading semitrailer | |
| CN220764194U (en) | Anti-smashing beam structure for container of vehicle, container and engineering machine | |
| CN201362463Y (en) | Container | |
| CN204549967U (en) | A kind of Novel forklift portal frame | |
| CN201068304Y (en) | Corrugated board for large-scale box body | |
| CN217168147U (en) | Detachable supporting tool for wide cab | |
| CN210139941U (en) | Nonstandard rolling profile for multi-plate connection | |
| CN211845759U (en) | Container die carrier transporting group |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee |
Owner name: NIPPON STEEL + SUMITOMO METAL CORPORATION Free format text: FORMER NAME: SHIN NIPPON STEEL LTD. |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Patentee after: Nippon Steel Corporation Address before: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Patentee before: Nippon Steel Corporation |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Patentee after: Nippon Iron & Steel Corporation Address before: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Patentee before: Nippon Steel Corporation |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |