CN102472105A - Tunnel ventilation control system of two-way tunnel using jet fan - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a tunnel ventilation control system wherein it is possible to conserve power by modifying a feedback control and a feed-forward control. A feed-forward control unit (140): predicts the amount of pollution generated, natural wind, and traffic wind by using a visibility index target value, a CO concentration target value, various data which were actually measured in the tunnel by a sensor unit (110), and the wind velocity model, traffic model, and pollution concentration model which are in a model storage unit (120); and determines an x-section wind velocity target value and a ventilation device control target value. An optimal selection plan determination unit (160) determines an energy-saving optimal selection plan with consideration to the relationship between the rotation speed and number of ventilation devices (10) operated in parallel and the relationship between the natural ventilation direction of natural wind and the traffic ventilation direction created by the two-way traffic when the forward/backward movement is in reverse. A first feedback correction related to the x-section wind velocity target value and a second feedback correction related to the ventilation device control target value are performed by cascade control, and a hybrid adaptive control unit (180) performs adaptive control which combines the feedback corrections with the energy-saving optimal selection plan.

Description

Bidirectional tunnel is with the Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of jet blower

Technical field

The invention relates to the ventilation equipment device of the roads and tunnels of opposing traffic, mainly is about having used frequency converter to drive the aeration technology of roads and tunnels of the longitudinal ventilation mode of jet blower.

Background technology

In roads and tunnels, a large amount of harmful emission of substance or dust from automobile engine that swimming if things go on like this can cause tunnel internal contamination material concentration to uprise.At this, guarantee the good environment in the tunnel, be necessary the pollutant in the tunnel is emitted.Get rid of tunnel internal contamination material, it is not enough only depending on natural ventilation power or traffic draft power to realize ventilating, and needs to use the ventilation equipment that are arranged in the tunnel to carry out forced ventilation.

The draft type in tunnel has varied.The roads and tunnels of the middle-size and small-size opposing traffic below a lot of 3000m of China has all generally adopted the draft type of a kind of crying " longitudinal-flow scavenging way ".

So-called " longitudinal ventilation mode "; It is a kind of draft type that tunnel cross-section is all used as ventilating duct; Employed ventilation equipment have, the air in the roads and tunnels is driven out of jet blower outside the tunnel, can be purified the equipment such as electric dust machine of air in the roads and tunnels; The said equipment is carried out suitable assembling, tunnel portal is carried out exhaust to the air stream that Way out forms.Also there is near the central authorities of roads and tunnels exhaust air shaft is set the mode of the concentrated exhaust that the air that the air in the roads and tunnels and roads and tunnels is outer exchanges.

The motor driver of employed jet blower is that the induction motor that utilizes starting current to reach the rated current several times drives in traditional " longitudinal ventilation mode ".

Figure 10 signal be the roads and tunnels of opposing traffic that has used the longitudinal ventilation mode of common jet blower in the conventional art.The type in the tunnel 1 among this figure is that traffic direction is the opposing traffic tunnel of both direction.In the roads and tunnels of the opposing traffic that is similar to tunnel 1 type, set inside has plural platform can carry out the jet blower of longitudinal ventilation.In the example in Figure 10, the jet blower that is provided with 4 is respectively 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d.In opposing traffic roads and tunnels 1, to figure is right vertical air stream A takes place from scheming a left side, being discharged from from left to right of the contaminated air in the tunnel.This is by ventilation controller the running of jet blower 10 to be controlled.

In the illustration like Figure 10; Near the inlet in tunnel 1, near the central portion, all be provided with wind direction and wind velocity detector (AV) respectively near the outlet, near the entrance of ventilating shaft, be provided with the smog transmitance detector (VI), carbonomonoxide concentration detector (CO) (not indicating among the figure) of pollution concentration detector.At this, smog transmitance detector (VI) is to come device that pollution concentration is measured according to the ratio of the light that sees through material, and in addition, carbonomonoxide concentration detector (CO) is a device of measuring carbonomonoxide concentration.Traffic volume measuring appliance is the device of measuring through the traffic volume of the vehicle in the roads and tunnels 1 of opposing traffic.

In having used the longitudinal ventilation mode of traditional jet blower; The various environment composition numerical value of gathering through wind direction and wind velocity detector, smog transmitance detector, carbonomonoxide concentration detector, the traffic volume measuring appliance of opposing traffic roads and tunnels 1 set inside are the basis, utilize ventilation controller (not have among the figure to indicate) that the operating number of jet blower 10a～10d of being arranged on opposing traffic roads and tunnels 1 inside is adjusted.That is to say the CHN Analysis device is set in opposing traffic roads and tunnels 1, to measuring like the environment numerical value of coal smoke, carbon monoxide, the traffic volume or wind direction and wind velocity etc.; According to the survey data that collects by the CHN Analysis device; The platform of required jet blower is counted 10a～10d when only turning round required ventilation; Therefore in advance pollutant concentration is set in below the admissible value, thereby guarantees tunnel user of service's safety, comfortableness.Just always the expense in opposing traffic tunnel is recently seen effect, adopts the method that the FEEDBACK CONTROL of pollution concentration (VI, CO) is decided the operating number of jet blower, and methods such as the control of employing running speed are also arranged.

For example, ventilation controller; Read in the present traffic volume through traffic volume measuring appliance; Use the traffic volume that read in and the structure multiplication of automobile exhaust flow factor and roads and tunnels to calculate the soot emissions amount then, calculate required ventilation Q from the control desired value of soot emissions amount and coal smoke concentration then.Meanwhile; Ventilation controller reads in the air pollution concentration in the present roads and tunnels through smog transmitance detector as value of feedback; The same deviate of calculating required ventilation Q and value of feedback; Carry out (PID) calculation of PID controller through this deviate, control, operate jet blower 10 according to resulting in of the PID controller of being obtained.

Summary of the invention

Invent technical problem to be solved

Tradition longitudinal ventilation mode exists following problem.

First problem is to carry out existing the big problem of power consumption in the longitudinal ventilation mode of feedback control technology for guaranteeing pollution concentration (VI, CO).In traditional opposing traffic tunnel; Be adopted as more and guarantee that pollution concentration (VI, CO) carries out FEEDBACK CONTROL and decide operating number; In order to let jet blower directly in the tunnel, utilize forced ventilation power to produce wind speed; Mainly pollution concentration is carried out FEEDBACK CONTROL, can form the pilosity that purely retarded control causes the situation of air feed surplus or air feed deficiency.

Generally, general only consideration is a draft power with the mechanical ventilation masterpiece that jet blower produces.About the traffic draft power, common opposing traffic tunnel is a draft power of not expecting the generation of driving vehicle, regards it as the resistance when ventilating on the contrary.And with the main flow that is feedback controlled to of VI, CO, appearance is owing to the situation that can't hold the traffic ventilation that reasons such as traffic volume measuring appliance is not set cause is more.Because natural wind can be because the direction of ventilation of ventilation equipment can produce with the wind, situation against the wind; Can bring very big influence to the ventilation power cost; Because the weather condition of tunnel perimeter causes wind direction or wind speed always in continuous variation; Promoting the use of natural ventilation power is the comparison difficulty, and final is that main natural wind ventilation serves as inferior with mechanical ventilation still.Even use as auxiliary, the GPRS natural wind need be provided with micromanometer in two near coal-mine places in the tunnel, produces the problem that increases preliminary expenses and upkeep cost.

The 2nd problem in the tradition longitudinal ventilation mode is that adopting predicts the outcome accurately carries out the problem that FEEDFORWARD CONTROL is the comparison difficulty.Along with the size of natural ventilation power or traffic draft power is changing constantly, these delta datas are correctly imported jet blower can't be controlled.Carry out FEEDFORWARD CONTROL if can the variation of the size of natural ventilation power or traffic draft power or direction be imported accurately, can reduce power consumption.

In the tradition longitudinal ventilation mode the 3rd problem be that carrying out the jet blower that switch switches needs very big span when running is switched, exist the problem of compliance, the problem that can't carry out meticulous running control.Opposing traffic tunnel and one-way trip tunnel compared with because the traffic draft power is motion in the opposite direction each other, cause the wind speed unsteady motion in the track easily.No matter be generally speaking, realize ventilating through the operating number that switches jet blower, but High Accuracy Control is the comparison difficulty at ordinary times or when urgent (during breaking out of fire)., because the CD-ROM drive motor that jet blower uses is the induction motor that starting current reaches the rated current several times, stop back problem that can't restarting in about 30 minutes in case exist motor.In addition, because the running number of times of induction motor is the fixedly running number of times by the decision of power supply cycle, so longitudinal ventilation power also can only be to reach fixed value (maximum value).Hence one can see that, and traditional jet blower running exists compliance issues and the problem that can't carry out trickle running control.

Use for reference above-mentioned problem points, the present invention studies FEEDBACK CONTROL, FEEDFORWARD CONTROL, is target so that a kind of longitudinal ventilation system with power saving effect to be provided.

The method of dealing with problems

In order to realize above target, tunnel ventilation system involved in the present invention, be by the ventilation equipment that plural platform is set in the tunnel with,

To the smog transmitance in the above-mentioned tunnel with; Dusty gas concentration with; Sectional wind velocity with comprise data are measured and gathered in the tunnel of the traffic volume of the vehicle tunnel in induction part and; The wind speed model that the wind that flows in the above-mentioned tunnel is simulated with; The traffic model that the traffic volume of the vehicle in the above-mentioned tunnel is simulated with; The pollution concentration model that the pollutant that vehicle discharged in the above-mentioned tunnel is simulated carry out the store model storage part with; Import data in the above-mentioned tunnel that above-mentioned induction part collects; Variation in conjunction with data in the above-mentioned tunnel; To the parameter of the above-mentioned wind speed model in the above-mentioned model storage part and above-mentioned traffic model and above-mentioned pollution concentration model calculate and the model parameter reckoning portion that upgrades with; To smog transmitance desired value and pollution concentration desired value with; In the above-mentioned tunnel that above-mentioned induction part collects data with; Utilize prediction section that above-mentioned wind speed model and above-mentioned traffic model and above-mentioned pollution concentration model predict natural wind and traffic wind and discharge amount of pollution with

Each prediction data according to above-mentioned prediction section; The FEEDFORWARD CONTROL portion of the control desired value of decision sectional wind velocity desired value and ventilation equipment and; The natural ventilation direction of the natural wind during the positive and negative running of the relation of the parallel running platform number of taking above-mentioned ventilation equipment into consideration and running number of times and, above-mentioned ventilation equipment and, the relation of the traffic direction of ventilation of opposing traffic; The righttest operating scheme determination section that determines energy-conservation the righttest operating scheme with

Above-mentioned sectional wind velocity desired value and above-mentioned ventilation equipment control desired value is carried out feedback modifiers, carry out in conjunction with above-mentioned the righttest energy-conservation operating scheme that the mixed self-adapting control part of Self Adaptive Control constitutes.

In addition, above-mentioned each formation is preferably carried out according to following content.

At first, the running of above-mentioned ventilation equipment is to lean on frequency converter to drive running, and above-mentioned ventilation equipment preferably turn round below rated electrical and based on the righttest controlled quentity controlled variable that above-mentioned mixing adapts to the control part decision continuously.

Next; The feedback modifiers of above-mentioned mixed self-adapting control part comprises: the 1st FEEDBACK CONTROL that the parallel running platform number of above-mentioned ventilation equipment and both forward and reverse directions and running number of times are controlled with, to above-mentioned dusty gas concentration data and above-mentioned pollution concentration desired value and, above-mentioned smog transmitance data that above-mentioned induction part collected and above-mentioned smog transmitance datum target value and, the 2nd FEEDBACK CONTROL controlled of the parallel running platform number of above-mentioned ventilation equipment and both forward and reverse directions and running number of times.Preferably adopt above-mentioned the 1st FEEDBACK CONTROL is included in the tandem control that interior the 2nd FEEDBACK CONTROL that forms is formed.

Then; Above-mentioned wind speed model is regarded as [several 1] equation 2 order polynomials of wind direction and wind velocity Ur in the above-mentioned tunnel; Then with Ur1*, Ur2* as 2 equilibrium solutions; Obtain Ur through [several 2],, utilize discrete time wind speed model to realize that high speed is desirable in the comparison according to the analytic solution that calculate [several 2].

$\frac{\mathrm{DUr}}{\mathrm{Dt}}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{ArL\ρ}}(\mathrm{\Δ\; Pr}+\mathrm{\Δ\; Pt}+\mathrm{\Δ\; Pn}+\mathrm{\Δ\; Pj})$ [several 1]

$\mathrm{Ur}\left(t\right)=\frac{({\mathrm{Ur}1}^{*}-e^{(\mathrm{\α\; t}+\mathrm{\β})}{\mathrm{Ur}2}^{*})}{1-e^{\mathrm{\α\; t}+\mathrm{\β}}}$ [several 2]

At this, Ur in the formula is that wind direction and wind velocity in the above-mentioned tunnel, L are that above-mentioned tunnel is long, ρ is that atmospheric density is, Pr is above-mentioned tunnel inwall frictional force, Pt is that traffic ventilation volume, Pn are that natural ventilation amount, Pj are that mechanically ventilated amount, a, b, c, α, β are coefficient.

Then, as above-mentioned pollution concentration model, advection diffusion equation [several 3] is calculated C through [several 4], and (t x), according to the analytic solution that calculate [several 4], realizes that with discrete time pollution concentration model high speed is desirable in the comparison.

$\frac{\∂c}{\∂t}+\mathrm{Ur}\frac{\∂C}{\∂x}=D\frac{{\∂}^{2}C}{{\∂x}^2}+M$ [several 3]

$C(t,x)=$

$\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{\mathrm{Mi}(\mathrm{Ti},\mathrm{Xi})}{\mathrm{Ar}\sqrt{4\mathrm{\π\; D}(\mathrm{Ti}-t)}}\mathrm{Exp}[-\frac{{\{\mathrm{Xi}-\mathrm{Ur}(\mathrm{Ti}-t)\}}^2}{4D(\mathrm{Ti}-t)}]$ [several 4]

At this, C is that pollution concentration, Ur are that wind direction and wind velocity in the above-mentioned tunnel, t are that time, x are that above-mentioned tunnel portal is a discharge amount of pollution to the distance, the M that flow to the below in the formula.D be diffusion coefficient, Mi be i automobile disposal of pollutants constantly, xi is the distance of i the present position of automobile in the tunnel to tunnel portal.

Then; Through the mixed self-adapting control part; When the operation result as above-mentioned ventilation equipment is comprised that the deviation of the above-mentioned prediction data that above-mentioned actual measurement data and above-mentioned prediction section predicted that above-mentioned induction part collects is revised; The problem of the Kalman filter of discrete time probability system preferably is used as, to parameter P by above-mentioned parameter reckoning portion ₁, P ₂, P ₃Calculate.At this, draw [several 7] according to [several 5] and [several 6] arrangement, with the equivalence opposing area P of full-sized car ₁, kart equivalence opposing area P ₂, natural wind wind speed P ₃Draw [several 8] as model parameter, P ₁, P ₂, P ₃The linearity of [several 9] of being correlated with is used as and is set up.

$\frac{\mathrm{DUr}}{\mathrm{Dt}}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{ArL\ρ}}(\mathrm{\Δ\; Pr}+\mathrm{\Δ\; Pt}+\mathrm{\Δ\; Pn}+\mathrm{\Δ\; Pj})$ [several 5]

$\mathrm{\ΔPt}=\left(\frac{\mathrm{Am}\left(H\right)\·n\left(H\right)+\mathrm{Am}\left(L\right)\·n\left(L\right)}{S}\right)\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}}{2}|\mathrm{Vt}-\mathrm{Ur}|(\mathrm{Vt}-\mathrm{Ur})$

$\mathrm{\Δ\; Pn}=(1+\mathrm{\ζ\; e}+\mathrm{\λ}\frac{L}{D})\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}}{2}\left|\mathrm{Un}\right|\mathrm{Un}$ [several 6]

$\mathrm{\ΔPt}=\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}}{2}\left|\mathrm{Uj}\right|\mathrm{Uj}\·2\mathrm{\φ}(1-\mathrm{\Ψ})\mathrm{nj}$

ζ e is that entrance loss coefficient, λ are that skin friction drag coefficient, Am are that area, the Vt of the equivalent series resistance of automobile is automotive average speed in the formula.Mark (H) is that large car, (L) are compact car.

is that the wind speed of the ejection wind velocity U j of wind velocity U r and jet blower in the tunnel is than (Ur/Uj) for the area of the long-pending Ar of the ejection area A j of jet blower and tunnel cross-section than (Aj/Ar), Ψ.

$\frac{\mathrm{dUr}}{\mathrm{dt}}=\mathrm{\αr}\left(t\right)+\mathrm{\α}{t}_1\left(t\right)\mathrm{Am}\left(H\right)+\mathrm{\α}{t}_2\left(t\right)\mathrm{Am}\left(L\right)$

$+\mathrm{\α\; n}\left(t\right)\left|\mathrm{Un}\right|\mathrm{Un}+\mathrm{\α\; j}\left(t\right)$ [several 7]

D (t)=a (t) P ₁(t)+b (t) P ₂(t)+c (t) P ₃(t)+ε [several 8]

At this, P in the formula ₁(t) be equivalent to Am (H), P ₂(t) be equivalent to Am (L), P ₃(t) be equivalent to | Ur|Ur.

P ₁(t+1)＝P ₁(t)+ε1

P ₂(t+1)=P ₂(t)+ε 2 [several 9]

P ₃(t+1)＝P ₃(t)+ε3

Next; Through the mixed self-adapting control part; When the operation result as above-mentioned ventilation equipment was comprised that the deviation of the above-mentioned prediction data that above-mentioned actual measurement data and above-mentioned prediction section predicted that above-mentioned induction part collects is revised, above-mentioned parameter reckoning portion was preferably as the Kalman filter problem of discrete time probability system; To parameter P4, P5 calculates.At this, with the soot emissions amount P of full-sized car ₄, kart soot emissions amount P ₅[several 3] are put in [several 10] that draw in order P as parameter ₄, P ₅Linearity be used as and set up.

E (t)=f (t) P ₄(t)+g (t) P ₅(t)+ε e [several 10]

At this, P in the formula ₄(t) be equivalent to Co (H), P ₅(t) be equivalent to Co (L).

P ₄(t+1)＝P ₄(t)+ε4

[several 11]

P ₅(t+1)＝P ₅(t)+ε5

Based on above-mentioned formation, jet blower adopts frequency converter to turn round, and under rated current, also can control the forward and reverse running of jet blower driving or the change of running number of times rapidly, reaches power saving effect.The jet blower that utilizes induction motor to turn round in the conventional method; Be provided with the blanking time of protection running; In case the jet blower that stops cannot to rerun in 10 clocks; Aforesaid is prerequisite to utilize frequency converter to control the running jet blower, can obtain fast and comply with, and it is possible carrying out meticulous running control.

And according to said structure, FEEDBACK CONTROL is that the FEEDBACK CONTROL of the pollution concentration in the FEEDBACK CONTROL of the wind direction and wind velocity in the tunnel and, the tunnel is carried out tandem control.Wind direction and wind velocity to frequent generation slight change; Meticulous FEEDBACK CONTROL is carried out in running to jet blower; And, with wind direction and wind velocity compared with pace of change slow and pollution concentration that occur late, also can realize FEEDBACK CONTROL is carried out in the running of jet blower through tandem control; Reduce the situation such as air feed surplus, air feed deficiency that occur on the whole, realize energy-saving operation.

In addition,, utilize the wind speed model and the pollution concentration model of the discrete time of analytic solution, calculate the righttest controlled quentity controlled variable of parallel running platform number, both forward and reverse directions and the running number of times of above-mentioned ventilation equipment, realize improving analysis precision about FEEDFORWARD CONTROL.And; Aforesaid coaptation utilizes linear resolution in the Kalman filter problem; With the natural ventilation power (Ur) of unknown number, the traffic ventilation parameter (Am Heavy) of full-sized car, the traffic ventilation parameter (Am Light) of kart, the disposal of pollutants parameter (Co Heavy) of full-sized car, the disposal of pollutants parameter (Co Light) of kart, as long as the actual measurement data that the substitution induction part collects can realize at a high speed.

The present invention has the following advantages

Control System of Tunnel Ventilation involved in the present invention; Comprise at least 3 kinds prediction data with natural wind prediction data and traffic wind prediction data, discharge amount of pollution prediction data be the basis FEEDFORWARD CONTROL of carrying out and, be the tandem control that the feedback modifiers that carries out on the basis is combined into 2 kinds of prediction data of wind direction and wind velocity prediction data and the preparatory data of pollution concentration; With according to the righttest energy-conservation operating scheme the parallel running platform number of jet blower and positive and negative rotation direction and running number of times thereof are carried out the hybrid adaptive that control the most rationally etc. is combined into and control; Suitable introducing traffic draft power, natural wind draft power are realized energy-saving operation.

Brief description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the controll block figure of each function of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 involved in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the simulation drawing of appearance in the tunnel.

Fig. 3 is the pie graph of the inscape of tunnel ventilation system 100 involved in the present invention.

Fig. 4 for jet blower involved in the present invention operation mode and traditional switching mode under Frequency Converter Control by the turn round ideograph of blower fan of induction motor.

Fig. 5 is the exemplary plot of right operating scheme of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 involved in the present invention.

Fig. 6 be adopted Control System of Tunnel Ventilation involved in the present invention 100 the righttest operating scheme jet blower rotation direction, comprise rotation direction just change the operation mode that counter-rotating is switched.

Fig. 7 is for to carry out the key diagram that the pollution coal smoke of pattern between transfer period accumulated relation according to the operation mode table.

Fig. 8 is the process chart of ventilated control system 100 involved in the present invention.

Fig. 9 is an experimental result.

Figure 10 is the opposing traffic roads and tunnels that adopts the distinguished and admirable longitudinal ventilation mode of general jet in the tradition ventilation mode.

Realize best mode of the present invention

Below, on one side with reference to drawing, the embodiment that frequency converter of the present invention is driven the Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of jet blower describes.Certainly, scope of the present invention is not limited to the concrete purposes described in following examples, shape, number etc.

Embodiment 1

What illustrate is the example about the related Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of the present invention among the embodiment 1.

Fig. 1 is the controll block figure of each function of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 involved in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the simulation drawing of appearance in the tunnel.

Fig. 3 is the pie graph of the inscape of tunnel ventilation system 100 involved in the present invention.

Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention; Do not only depend on the mechanical ventilation power of jet blower; The FEEDFORWARD CONTROL that the natural ventilation power that natural wind is produced, the traffic draft power that is made up of the traffic wind that resistance produced of traffick etc. are combined into, the FEEDBACK CONTROL that combines tandem control, the coaptation processing of model etc.; Wind direction and wind velocity Ur in the tunnel, pollution concentration are carried out suitable control, realized jet blower energy-saving operation under the running under frequency converter drives.

As shown in Figure 2 is the tunnel that is suitable for Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention, is two-way traffic in the tunnel 1.Exist traffic draft power that natural ventilation power that the natural wind Un that blows into from the external world constitutes and, the traffic wind Ut that blast produced that become by the current direction upper set at each vehicle of the resistance generation of traffick constitute in the tunnel 1, also add the mechanical ventilation power that the mechanical wind Uj from jet blower 10 constitutes.The result that flow air combines the frictional force of wall in 1 in above-mentioned 3 kinds of draft powers and the tunnel, wind direction and wind velocity Ur in the generation tunnel tunnel 1 in.

And ventilation equipment 10 are instruments that the air in the tunnel 1 is ventilated, and at this, are the jet blowers that is driven running by frequency converter, and plural platform is arranged, and can carry out parallel running.Ventilation equipment 10 are below rated electrical, to turn round continuously according to the righttest controlled quentity controlled variable, and this will describe in the back.

Controll block figure with reference to Fig. 1 is elaborated.

At first, Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention has forecasting wind speed piece S1 and discharge amount of pollution predict blocks S2 in the tunnel.

Forecasting wind speed piece S1 in the tunnel, in the prediction tunnel during wind velocity U r, the ultra rapid predictions processing method below adopting.

At first, allow following equation [several 12] set up based on newton's rule.

$\frac{\mathrm{DUr}}{\mathrm{Dt}}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{ArL\ρ}}(\mathrm{\Δ\; Pr}+\mathrm{\Δ\; Pt}+\mathrm{\Δ\; Pn}+\mathrm{\Δ\; Pj})$ [several 12]

At this, Ar is that tunnel cross-section is long-pending, L is that the tunnel is long, ρ is that atmospheric density, Pr are that wall friction power, Pt are that traffic draft power, Pn are that natural ventilation power, Pj are the jet blower draft power in the formula.

Utilize equation [several 12] to calculate wind velocity U r in the tunnel, obtain equation [several 13].

$\mathrm{Ur}\left(t\right)=\frac{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="Ur"\; filenames="HPA00001491191400011.png,HPA00001491191400051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Ur</figure-callout>}1}^{*}-e^{(\mathrm{\&alpha;\; t}+\mathrm{\&beta;})}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Ur"\; filenames="HPA00001491191400011.png,HPA00001491191400051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Ur</figure-callout>}2}^{*})}{1-e^{\mathrm{\&alpha;\; t}+\mathrm{\&beta;}}}$ [several 13]

At this, the Ur1* in the formula, Ur2* are as 2 permanent separating when equation [several 12] the right is 0.

Utilize equation [several 13], can calculate in the tunnel forecasting wind speed calculation piece S1 wind velocity U r (t) in the tunnel of t after second at any time rapidly.

Next, about discharge amount of pollution predict blocks S2, (t x) predicts to discharge amount of pollution C can to adopt following ultra rapid predictions processing method.At first, advection diffusion equation can be write as the equation of [several 14].

$\frac{\&PartialD;C}{\&PartialD;t}+\mathrm{Ur}\frac{\&PartialD;C}{\&PartialD;x}=D\frac{{\&PartialD;}^{2}C}{{\&PartialD;x}^2}+M$ [several 14]

At this, Ur is that wind speed in the tunnel, C are that pollution concentration, D are that diffusion system, t are that time, x are the distance that flows down direction in the formula.

(t x), obtains equation [several 15] to utilize advection diffusion equation [several 14] to calculate pollution concentration C.

$C(t,x)=$

$\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\frac{\mathrm{Mi}(\mathrm{ti},\mathrm{xi})}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="Ar"\; filenames="HPA00001491191400051.png,HPA00001491191400061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Ar</figure-callout>}\sqrt{4\mathrm{\&pi;D}(\mathrm{ti}-t)}}\exp [-\frac{{\{\mathrm{xi}-\mathrm{Ur}(\mathrm{ti}-t)\}}^2}{4D(\mathrm{ti}-t)}]$

[several 15]

At this, in the formula x be present position to distance, the Ar of tunnel portal be that tunnel cross-section is long-pending, D be diffusion coefficient, Ur be the wind speed tunnel in, Mi for the disposal of pollutants that is i car from i the discharge amount of pollution that car discharged, ti constantly, xi is the distance that tunnel portal is arrived in i the present position of car.

Utilize equation [several 15], can obtain disposal of pollutants predict blocks S2 t after second at any time rapidly, the present position of vehicle in the distance of tunnel portal produced pollution discharge value C (t, x).

More than be Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention t after second at any time, to the present position of vehicle to tunnel portal (t x) carries out the method that ultra rapid predictions is handled apart from the discharge amount of pollution C that is discharged among the x.

In Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention, in order to improve the precision of prediction of forecasting wind speed piece S1 in the tunnel, discharge amount of pollution predict blocks S2, the parameter of model is calculated and upgraded.The variation of data in the data in the tunnel that input collects from various inductors, integrating tunnel 1 is calculated and is upgraded the parameter of the wind speed model in the model storage part 120 and traffic model and pollution concentration model.

When calculating parameter; Will be in the content of back the conduct ventilation instrument that introduce operation result, to the actual measurement data that collects from induction part and, when the deviation of forecasting wind speed piece S1 is predicted in the tunnel prediction data is revised; As wind speed model in the tunnel, with full-sized car drag area P of equal value ₁, kart drag area P of equal value ₂, natural wind wind speed P ₃As parameter, can utilize the linearity of parameter that parameter is calculated.Utilize linearity can realize that parameter is carried out high speed to be upgraded, reduction assesses the cost.

Next handle with regard to the high speed coaptation and be elaborated.

The each item on the right of above-mentioned equation [several 12] is write as shown in equation [several 16].

$\mathrm{\&Delta;Pr}=(1+\mathrm{\&zeta;e}+\mathrm{\&lambda;}\frac{L}{D})\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}}{2}\left|\mathrm{Ur}\right|\mathrm{Ur}$

$\mathrm{\&Delta;Pt}=\left(\frac{\mathrm{Am}\left(H\right)\&CenterDot;n\left(H\right)+\mathrm{Am}\left(L\right)\&CenterDot;n\left(L\right)}{\mathrm{Ar}}\right)\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}}{2}|\mathrm{Vt}-\mathrm{Ur}|(\mathrm{Vt}-\mathrm{Ur})$

$\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pn}=(1+\mathrm{\&zeta;\; e}+\mathrm{\&lambda;}\frac{L}{D})\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}}{2}\left|\mathrm{Un}\right|\mathrm{Un}$ [several 16]

$\mathrm{\&Delta;Pt}=\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}}{2}\left|\mathrm{Uj}\right|\mathrm{Uj}\&CenterDot;2\mathrm{\&phi;}(1-\mathrm{\&Psi;})\mathrm{nj}$

At this, ζ e is that entrance loss coefficient, λ are that skin friction drag coefficient, Am are that automobile drag area of equal value, Vt are automotive average speed in the formula.(H) of mark is that large car, (L) are compact car.

Utilize equation [several 16] substitution equation [several 12] that Am (H), Am (L), natural wind Un are put in order and draw equation [several 17].

$\frac{\mathrm{dUr}}{\mathrm{dt}}=\mathrm{\&alpha;r}\left(t\right)+\mathrm{\&alpha;}{t}_1\left(t\right)\mathrm{Am}\left(H\right)+\mathrm{\&alpha;}{t}_2\left(t\right)\mathrm{Am}\left(L\right)$

$+\mathrm{\&alpha;\; n}\left(t\right)\left|\mathrm{Ur}\right|\mathrm{Ur}+\mathrm{\&alpha;\; j}\left(t\right)$ [several 17]

At this, full-sized car drag area Am of equal value (H) is made as P ₁, kart drag area Am of equal value (L) is P ₂, the natural wind wind speed | Ur|Ur is P ₃, equation [several 17] is according to parameter P ₁, P ₂, P ₃Draw equation [several 18].

$\frac{\mathrm{Ur}(t+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})-\mathrm{Ur}\left(t\right)}{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}=\mathrm{\&alpha;r}\left(t\right)+\mathrm{\&alpha;}{t}_1\left(t\right){\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="P"\; filenames="HPA00001491191400011.png,HPA00001491191400051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_1+\mathrm{\&alpha;}{t}_2\left(t\right){\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="HPA00001491191400011.png,HPA00001491191400051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_2$

$+\mathrm{\&alpha;\; n}\left(t\right){\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="HPA00001491191400051.png,HPA00001491191400061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_3+\mathrm{\&alpha;\; j}\left(t\right)$ [several 18]

Equation [several 18] also can be expressed as parameter P ₁, P ₂, P ₃Relevant equation [several 19].

D (t)=a (t) P ₁(t)+b (t) P ₂(t)+c (t) P ₃(t)+ε d [several 19]

In addition, ε d is the observation noise.

At this, consider parameter P ₁, P ₂, P ₃In in short-term, big variation can not take place, can the linearity of equation [several 20] be used as is handling of setting up.

P ₁(t+1)＝P ₁(t)+ε1

P ₂(t+1)=P ₂(t)+ε 2 [several 20]

P ₃(t+1)＝P ₃(t)+ε3

In addition, ε 1, ε 2, ε 3 are the state noise.

At this, [several 19] are regarded as observation equation, [several 20] are regarded as equation of state, can ascribe the Kalman filter problem of discrete time probability system to, thereby realize parameter P ₁, P ₂, P ₃Carrying out high speed calculates.With [several 19] equation, [several 20] equation serve as the basis as the Kalman filtering problem of discrete time probability system to parameter P ₁, P ₂, P ₃Infer, realize that parameter is carried out high speed to be calculated.

Next; In order to improve the precision of prediction of discharge amount of pollution predict blocks S2; The actual measurement data that data and, discharge amount of pollution predict blocks S2 are obtained in the tunnel that induction part is collected and, when the deviation of dying the prediction data of predicting among the generation predict blocks S2 is revised, with full-sized car soot emissions amount P ₄, kart soot emissions amount P ₅In the equation [several 21] that draws as parameter, with P ₄, P ₅The linearity of relevant equation [several 22] is set up, as the Kalman filter problem of discrete time probability system to parameter P ₄, P ₅Infer.Utilize linearity can realize that parameter is carried out high speed to be upgraded, reduction assesses the cost.

Next, calculate that with regard to the high speed of parameter processing is elaborated.

With above-mentioned [several 14] to full-sized car soot emissions amount P ₄, kart soot emissions amount P ₅Put in order and draw [several 21].

E (t)=f (t) P ₄(t)+g (t) P ₅(t)+ε e [several 21]

At this, P in the formula ₄(t) be equivalent to Co (H), P ₅(t) be equivalent to Co (L), ε d is the observation noise.

At this, consider parameter P ₄, P ₅In in short-term, big variation can not take place, can the linearity of equation [several 22] be treated as is handling of setting up.

P ₄(t+1)＝P ₄(t)+ε4

[several 22]

P ₅(t+1)＝P ₅(t)+ε5

In addition, ε d is the observation noise.

At this, [several 21] are regarded as observation equation, [several 22] are regarded as equation of state, can ascribe the Kalman filter problem of linear discrete time probability system to, thereby realize parameter P ₄, P ₅Carrying out high speed calculates.With [several 21] equation, [several 22] equation serve as the basis as the Kalman filtering problem of discrete time probability system to parameter P ₄, P ₅Infer, realize that parameter is carried out high speed to be calculated.

Next, get back to Fig. 1, continue other functional block is described.

Feedforward calculation piece C0; To as the smog transmitance desired value (VI*) and the dusty gas concentration target value (CO*) of standard value, consider from the forced ventilation amount of ventilation equipment 10 and from the traffic ventilation of the generation of vehicular traffic amount and, be blown into the natural wind ventilation that the natural wind in the tunnel produces, the part that the sectional wind velocity desired value (Ur*) in the tunnel and ventilation equipment control desired values (JF*) are determined.That is to say, the traffic volume that collects with the vehicle count device be changed to the basis, in order to reach VI desired value and CO desired value, to the desired value Ur* of wind direction air quantity with, to the feedover part of computing of the controlled quentity controlled variable desired value JF* of jet blower 10.

That is to say; The pollutant that the traffic volume and the different automobile types about different automobile types that collects from the vehicle count device discharged; Smog transmitance (VI) and the carbonomonoxide concentration (CO) predicted in each initial data to the discharge amount of pollution predicted in the tunnel and length in the tunnel or basal area etc. are calculated; For with these Numerical Control within the VI of desired value desired value (VI*) and CO desired value (CO*); Calculate required wind direction and wind velocity, with the value that calculates as Ur desired value (Ur*).Then the mechanical ventilation speed Uj that produces the required jet blower of Ur desired value (Ur*) is calculated, calculate the control ventilation that produces the required jet blower 10 of mechanical ventilation speed Uj, should value as JF desired value (JF*).

Next, relevant tandem control describes with regard to 2 FEEDBACK CONTROL in the Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention.

Wind speed control exerciser C1, since as the VI desired value (VI*) of desired value and CO desired value (CO*) and, existing deviation between the measured value VI that measures in the actual tunnel and the measured value CO; Be the part of controlling as to the parallel running platform number of ventilation equipment and positive and negative rotation direction and running number of times thereof, calculate out the adjusted value (Δ Ur) of wind direction and wind velocity.Shown in Fig. 1 dotted line part, the 1st FEEDBACK CONTROL group of the contaminant capacity in the formation tunnel 1.

Ventilation control exerciser C2, because the UR desired value (Ur*) that from wind speed control exerciser C1, obtains exists deviation with, actual being arranged between the measured value Ur that tunnel 1 interior AV appearance 114 collects; Be the part of controlling as to the parallel running platform number of ventilation equipment and positive and negative rotation direction and running number of times thereof, the adjusted value (Δ JF) of calculation exit flow blower fan running.Shown in Fig. 1 dotted line part, the 2nd FEEDBACK CONTROL group of the air quantity in the formation tunnel 1.

In addition, in fact ventilation equipment operational ton controll block A controls the running of jet blower 10 according to the adjusted value that the jet blower of the control desired value (JF*) of the ventilation equipment of feedforward exerciser CO decision and, ventilation control exerciser C2 decision turns round.

Air quantity flow process 201 in the tunnel, signal be that relationship block figure, the input of tunnel 1 actual existing tunnel wind receives mechanical wind and the disturbing factor that the forced ventilation power as the driving of the jet blower of ventilation equipment produces, traffic wind that natural wind that blows in the tunnel 1 and the vehicle that passes through in the tunnel produce etc. is arranged in the disturbing factor.Output is the wind direction and wind velocity Ur of the actual wind that is produced in the tunnel.

Pollution concentration flow process 202 in the tunnel, signal be that relationship block figure, the input of tunnel 1 in esse tunnel internal contamination receives pollution exhaust and the disturbing factor that wind direction and wind velocity UR is discharged, the pollution exhaust of the traffic wind formation that the natural wind pollution exhaust that forms and the vehicle that passes through in the tunnel that blow into tunnel 1 produce etc. is arranged in the disturbing factor.Input is the smog transmitance (VI) and the carbonomonoxide concentration (CO) of the actual pollutant that produces in the expression tunnel.

Jet blower 10 in the tunnel, being the instrument that the air in the tunnel 1 is ventilated, at this, is to drive the jet blower that turns round by frequency converter, and plural platform is arranged, and can these instruments be connected in parallel and turn round.

Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of the present invention 100, as shown in Figure 1, be to form tandem control in being included in the 2nd feedback group in the 1st feedback group.

Be used as the words that the physical phenomenon in the tunnel is considered to air quantity in the tunnel and contaminant capacity; Air quantity is always in quick and frequent variation;; Contaminant capacity becomes time constant big physical quantity with air quantity compared with the contaminant capacity in the tunnel along with the variation of air quantity can cause in the air feed tunnel not enough or that cause along with ventilation all slowly and big change takes place.That is to say that air quantity carries out meticulous operation easily under the running control of jet blower, contaminant capacity is not that jet blower directly carries out running operation but indirect operating.But,, serve as that main control is necessary therefore with the control contaminant capacity because the standard that really will observe can be set with smog transmitance desired value (VI*) and carbonomonoxide concentration desired value (CO*).

At this, in Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention, with the tunnel in wind direction and wind velocity FEEDBACK CONTROL and, the FEEDBACK CONTROL of tunnel internal contamination amount carries out tandem control, to the wind direction and wind velocity of frequent generation slight change; Under the running of jet blower, can carry out meticulous FEEDBACK CONTROL; And, the contaminant capacity that occurs along with the variation of wind direction and wind velocity changing is carried out tandem control, can carry out FEEDBACK CONTROL; Through control that jet blower is turned round; Contaminant capacity in the tunnel is accurately controlled, and has reduced situations such as air feed surplus, air feed deficiency on the whole and has taken place, and realizes energy-saving operation.

In Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention, through the wind direction air quantity is carried out trickle adjustment; Having reduced situations such as air feed surplus, air feed deficiency on the whole takes place; Not only realized energy-saving operation; The running of jet blower 10 is turned round through the frequency converter driving, can also obtain higher multiplier effect.That is to say, drive running, can reach the power and energy saving effect faster to the positive and negative running of jet blower driving or changing of running number of times under rated current through frequency converter.Opposite; The running of the jet blower that the Traditional use induction motor drives is provided with the blanking time that protection is turned round, in case the jet blower that stops can't to turn round again in 10 minutes; If aforesaid the driving with frequency converter operates as prerequisite; Can freely obtain from 0 running number of times, can set arbitrarily from 0 to peaked draft power, with the desirable trickle high-precision control of wind direction air quantity control carrying out to maximum cycle.

It more than is the formation of the controll block of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention.

Next, introduce with regard to the formation example of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation involved in the present invention 100.

In the formation example like Fig. 3, Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 by induction part 110 and, model storage part 120 and, prediction section 130 and, FEEDFORWARD CONTROL portion 140 and, model parameter reckoning portion 150 and, the righttest operating scheme determination section 160 and, feedback modifiers portion 170 and mixed self-adapting control part 180 constitute.

At first, each inscape with regard to Control System of Tunnel Ventilation involved in the present invention 100 describes.

Induction part 110 has possessed various inductors or the measuring appliance that can gather real data, be to comprise in the tunnel 1 smog transmitance and, dusty gas concentration and, sectional wind velocity and, data are measured the part of collection in the tunnel of vehicular traffic amount in the tunnel.Constitute in the example at this, possess aerovane (AV meter) 114 in vehicle count device (TC) 111, smog transmitance measuring instrument (VI measuring instrument) 112, carbonomonoxide concentration measuring appliance (CO measuring instrument) 113, the tunnel.Each inductor is arranged on position suitable in the tunnel 1.

Vehicle count device (TC) 111 is inductors of measuring through the vehicle platform number or the speed in tunnel 1, is arranged near the entrance or exit near tunnel 1.The vehicle-relevant data that can obtain through tunnel 1 through vehicle count device (TC) 111.Employed among the present invention is to find out out the vehicle count device of finding out out vehicle that vehicular traffic is large car/compact car.

Smog transmitance measuring instrument (VI measuring instrument) 112 has laser emission section and laser light accepting part, is from the device through the ratio that sees through the airborne laser between laser emission section and the laser light accepting part pollution concentration of dust etc. being measured.

Carbonomonoxide concentration measuring instrument (CO measuring instrument) 113 is devices that the concentration of the carbon monoxide in the tunnel 1 is measured.

Aerovane in the tunnel (AV meter) 114 is devices that the flow direction of longitudinal ventilation is measured, operated by rotary motion near the central portion in tunnel 1 and the outlet near be more satisfactory position.

Model storage part 120, be according to each initial data in the tunnel 1; " traffic model " that " the wind speed model " that the wind that is flowing in the tunnel 1 is simulated and the vehicular traffic in, the tunnel 1 are simulated and, " the pollution concentration model " of simulating through the concentration of the interior pollutant that vehicle discharged in tunnel 1 part of storing, above-mentioned each model is used for the prediction processing of carrying out of prediction section 130.Above-mentioned each model is so long as suitable, and precision of prediction will improve, and this content is with describing in the content afterwards.

Prediction section 130; According to data in the tunnel that collects from induction part 100; Utilize wind speed model and traffic model and pollution concentration model, the part that wind direction and wind velocity Ur, discharge amount of pollution in natural wind Un, traffic wind Ut, the tunnel are predicted with forecast function.Have forecasting wind speed method 133 and discharge amount of pollution Forecasting Methodology 134 in natural wind Forecasting Methodology 131 and traffic wind Forecasting Methodology 132 and the tunnel.

Natural wind Forecasting Methodology 131; Each initial data according to the diurnal variation of the extraneous natural wind in tunnel, Zhou Bianhua, monthly variation, its annual change etc.; Have wind direction and wind velocity Forecasting Methodology that natural wind is predicted and the wind direction and wind velocity that this natural wind produces is predicted and, the natural ventilation force prediction method the natural ventilation power in the tunnel 1 predicted according to the wind direction and wind velocity of the blowing in the tunnel in the tunnel; According to the measured data of the wind direction and wind velocity in the tunnel 1 and the measured data of the wind direction and wind velocity that natural wind is produced, to the part of predicting through the natural wind Un in the tunnel behind the certain hour.

Traffic wind Forecasting Methodology 132; Each initial data according to the diurnal variation of the traffic volume, Zhou Bianhua, monthly variation, its annual change etc.; Have Traffic volume forecasting method that the traffic volume is predicted and, the traffic wind Forecasting Methodology that the traffic wind that in tunnel 1, produces according to the drag area of equal value of the traffic volume and each vehicle is predicted.Traffic volume measured data that collects according to vehicle count device 111 and, the traffic volume forecast data that obtain through Traffic volume forecasting method are to the part of predicting through the traffic wind Ut behind the certain hour.

Forecasting wind speed function 133 in the tunnel; According to the natural wind Un prediction data in the tunnel and, traffic wind Ut prediction data and, each initial data in the mechanical ventilation power Pj that when turning round, produced of jet blower 10 or the tunnel, the part that the wind velocity U r that is produced in the tunnel 1 is predicted.Handle calculation please with reference to the above content of introducing with regard to ultra rapid predictions.

Pollute generation forecast function 134; Traffic volume measured data that collects according to vehicle count device 111 and, traffic volume forecast data and each the vehicle produced pollution discharge value prediction data of utilizing Traffic volume forecasting method to obtain; To pollution generation C (t, the part of x) predicting behind the process certain hour.In addition, because the discharge amount of pollution of vehicle,, so predict as the function of these data with relevant to the entrance of time of staying t in the tunnel, position in the tunnel apart from x.Handle calculation please with reference to the above content of introducing about ultra rapid predictions.

FEEDFORWARD CONTROL portion 140, according to the various prediction data that prediction section 130 obtains, decide the control desired value of sectional wind velocity desired value and ventilation equipment.

Model parameter reckoning portion 150, input data in the tunnel that induction part 110 collects, the data variation in the integrating tunnel 1, the part that the parameter of the wind speed model in the model storage part 120 and traffic model and pollution concentration model is calculated and upgraded.

Coaptation about model parameter reckoning portion 150; The ventilation equipment operation result that in ensuing content, introduce, when the deviation between the prediction data of the measured data that induction part 110 is collected and prediction section 130 predictions is revised; As wind speed model in the tunnel and tunnel internal contamination concentration model, with full-sized car drag area P of equal value ₁, kart drag area P of equal value ₂, natural wind wind speed P ₃As parameter, utilize the linearity of each parameter correlation that parameter is calculated.As long as utilize the linear high speed of parameter that can realize to upgrade, reduction assesses the cost.

The parameter is here calculated Processing Algorithm at a high speed, please with reference to the above content of introducing, in this omission.

The righttest operating scheme determination section 160; Utilize wind velocity U r prediction data and discharge amount of pollution C (t in the tunnel that prediction section 130 obtains; X) prediction data; Part for the energy-conservation the righttest operating scheme of the parallel running platform number guaranteeing to observe the pollution concentration standard, decide to comprise jet blower 10 and positive and negative rotation direction and running number of times.

Feedback modifiers portion 170, the various data that in tunnel 1, collect according to induction part 110 for guaranteeing to observe the pollution concentration standard, are carried out the part of FEEDBACK CONTROL to the parallel running platform number that comprises jet blower 10 and positive and negative rotation direction and running number of times.

At this; Feedback modifiers about feedback modifiers portion 170; Have: the sectional wind velocity data that collect according to sectional wind velocity desired value and induction part 110; Smog transmitance data and smog transmitance desired value that the 1st FEEDBACK CONTROL that the parallel running platform number that comprises ventilation equipment 10 and positive and negative rotation direction and running number of times are controlled and, dusty gas concentration data and dusty gas concentration target value and induction part 110 collect; The 2nd FEEDBACK CONTROL that the parallel running platform number that comprises ventilation equipment 10 and positive and negative rotation direction and running number of times are controlled, and in the 1st feedback group is included in the 2nd feedback group, form series connection control.

Hybrid adaptive control part 180; Be the feedback revisal carried out of feedback modifiers portion 170 with, combine that the righttest operating scheme determination section 160 determined the part of the Self Adaptive Control that mixes of energy-conservation the righttest operating scheme, the righttest controlled quentity controlled variable of decision jet blower 10.Parallel running platform number and both forward and reverse directions and running number of times thereof about jet blower 10 utilize suitable calculation method to calculate and get final product.

Aforesaid, involved in the present invention Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 predicts the outcome according to various, through feedback modifiers and the energy-conservation the righttest controlled quentity controlled variable of the mixed type that right operating scheme was combined into jet blower 1 is controlled.

Above content, be involved in the present invention to the formation example of tunnel ventilation system 100 in the relevant action of each inscape.

In above-mentioned constitution content, the righttest energy-conservation operating schemes of being correlated with regard to the frequency converter running control and the righttest operating scheme determination section 160 of jet blower remark additionally.

At first, realize that through the Frequency Converter Control running energy-saving advantages describes with regard to jet blower.

The service behavior of the service behavior that is jet blower of the present invention through Frequency Converter Control of Fig. 4 signal and, traditional switching mode induction motor control.

Shown in Fig. 4 (b), be the amplitude of variation increase of the VI value after target exploitation switching mode blower fan is controlled with the desired value, over-running is many, realize that high accuracy, the control that desired value is stable are the comparison difficulties.

; In the Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of present embodiment 1; Jet blower 10 is through the frequency converter control of turning round; Because jet blower 10 also can carry out the low-speed running C (Low) favourable to energy-saving operation, all is that jet blower 10 all is set at low-speed running C (Low) to obtain Uj with 10.The righttest operating scheme determination section 160 like this can be realized energy-conservationly, also can set up the righttest operating scheme of the positive and negative operating number of jet blower.

What Fig. 4 (a) illustrated is the control situation of Frequency Converter Control jet blower running of the present invention.Shown in Fig. 4 (a), be target with the desired value, utilize the amplitude of variation of the VI value after frequency converter is controlled jet blower little, over-running is few, realizes high accuracy, the ideal control that desired value is stable.

Next, just describe about the energy-conservation example of right operating scheme of the righttest operating scheme determination section 160.

Fig. 5 signal be the illustration of the righttest operating scheme of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 signal be the operation mode figure that rotation direction according to the jet blower of the righttest operating scheme of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention comprises just to be changeed in the switching in of counter-rotating.

Fig. 7 has a talk about bright figure according to the operation mode table of Fig. 6 with regard to the relation of accumulating of the pollution coal smoke between transfer period.

At first, the example about the righttest operating scheme of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention of Fig. 5 signal describes.

Supposing here that tunnel cross-section is long-pending is made as 63.5 square metres, along along direction, 2 tunnels that the abrupt slope section links together of abrupt slope section 1 (apart from 1500m, the gradient 2%) and abrupt slope section 2 (apart from 500m, the gradient-1%).The traffic volume is 1550/h, full-sized car incorporation rate 20%, speed of a motor vehicle 63km/h.

Vertical pivot among Fig. 5 is the hold concurrently scale of wind speed (m/s) of the operating number (platform) of jet blower, the attach most importance to scale of traffic direction rate (%) of transverse axis.

At this, so-called " heavy traffic direction ", the poorest direction of travel of vehicle to run condition when the decision ventilation.The suitable direction of gradient section 1 → gradient section 2 traffic direction of attaching most importance in this example.

3 curves of (1) (2) (3) as shown in Figure 5; Curve (1) is 0 o'clock operational plan curve for wind velocity U r in the tunnel; Operational plan curve when the operational plan curve when curve (2) is 2.5m/S for wind velocity U r in the tunnel along direction, curve (3) are the suitable direction of wind velocity U r in the tunnel-2.5m/s.In addition, also illustrated the wind speed line that takes place by in the wind-induced tunnel of traffic among the figure.When heavy traffic direction rate (the heavy traffic direction traffic volume/total wheel traffic) when being 0%; That is to say that vehicle is during all with heavy traffic direction running in the opposite direction, the wind speed of generation-6m/s in the tunnel; When heavy traffic direction rate is 50%, just cancelling each other is 0 wind speed; When heavy traffic direction rate was 100%, just vehicle can produce the wind speed of 6m/s all toward the heavy traffic direction running in the tunnel.And shown in the figure is if when the coal smoke that vehicle in the tunnel is produced is discharged in the tunnel, required wind speed line and, required wind speed line when discharging in the other direction from along the direction exhaust time.

At first, be that to be example describe the operational plan of jet blower for 0 o'clock operational plan curve (1) with wind velocity U r in the tunnel.

1. heavy traffic direction rate is below 30% or the situation more than 80%

When heavy traffic direction rate is 30% left and right sides; Intersecting and be in the same place toward will discard in the other direction wind speed line that wind speed line required when discharging and traffic wind produces in the tunnel, heavy traffic direction rate surpasses at 30% wind of traffic when following-and 2m/s, hence one can see that enough possesses draught capacity by traffic wind.In this case, the jet blower that there is no need to turn round just can carry out enough ventilations.Heavy traffic direction rate also is that the same, traffic wind surpasses 2m/s in the situation more than 80%, only can know enough possess draught capacity by traffic wind.In this case, the jet blower that there is no need to turn round just can carry out enough ventilations.

2. heavy traffic direction rate is 30% to 50% situation

Heavy traffic direction rate surpasses at 30% o'clock, and only depending on traffic wind is to obtain required wind speed, needs jet blower to carry out the opposite direction running.When heavy traffic direction rate traffic wind near 50% time needs to increase the platform number of the jet blower of running in the other direction also near 0.

3. heavy traffic direction rate is 50% to 80% situation

Heavy traffic direction rate surpasses 50%, and the flow direction of traffic wind is in 50% running counter-rotating when following, and traffic wind can begin to blow toward suitable direction.Make the running of jet blower remain on wind speed required when turning round in the other direction, with the traffic wind facies jet blower that turns round in the other direction, cause inefficiency.At this, when heavy traffic direction rate surpasses 50% scope, let jet blower switch to the positive direction running from running in the other direction.When heavy traffic direction rate does not reach 80%, only lean on the words of traffic wind can't obtain required wind speed, need the running jet blower.Heavy traffic direction rate is near 50% the time; Need about 6.5 jet blower to the positive direction running; Along with heavy traffic direction rate increases since 50%; Traffic wind also along with becoming big, can reduce the platform number of jet blower, only leans on traffic wind just can obtain the required wind speed that ventilates as long as reach 80% the words jet blower that just need not to turn round.

In the foregoing, curve (1) is that wind velocity U r is the operational plan of the jet blower that draws of 0 o'clock operational plan curve in the tunnel, in the time of natural wind, bring influence can for the wind speed in the tunnel.There is the natural wind of 2.5m/s to produce on the suitable direction in the tunnel, promptly forms the operational plan curve of operational plan curve (2).When along have on the direction-natural wind of 2.5m/s produces the operational plan curve of i.e. generating run plan curve (3).The pronunciation of operational plan curve can be according to the situation of the operational plan curve of above-mentioned curve (1).

Tunnel of the present invention as stated ventilatory control system 100 is when the heavy traffic direction rate of traffic in the tunnel changes or during natural wind changes, for energy-conservation meeting is switched the positive direction running of the rotation direction of jet blower with running in the other direction.That is to say, be the switching that purpose is carried out rotation direction with energy-conservation, between transfer period in, be that the mobile of air reverses in the tunnel that ventilates according to original state originally, make and pollute more that coal smoke accumulates in the tunnel in the air.At this, accumulate situation with regard to the pollution coal smoke between transfer period and investigate.

Fig. 6 signal be that the righttest operating scheme according to Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention comprises 1 example in the operation mode table in the switching in of the rotation direction of jet blower.In the example like Fig. 6, the content that switch the rotation direction of jet blower per 10 minutes during 3 (during the 1st, during the 2nd, the 3rd during).During adjacency, the place signal that changes according to the rotation direction that rotates and reverse, reverses and just change, has be the switching of the rotation direction of jet blower.

As shown in Figure 6, the operation mode during 3 has 8 kinds of patterns to exist.At this, the 3rd pattern as shown in Figure 6 and the 6th pattern, all be during 3 in, rotation direction with previous during rotation direction different, 2 times pattern switch to take place in running.

As stated, the rotation direction of jet blower is switched, should toxic emission be gone out from the tunnel port; Flow direction reverses before waste gas is ejected the tunnel; Get back to again and blow back in the tunnel, and the pollution coal smoke of driving vehicle discharging is also accumulated.

Fig. 7, with regard to the pollution coal smoke between transfer period accumulate the relation describe.The left side is the simulation that tunnel internal is carried out, and the right side is to meet the simulation that the appearance of being accumulated by coal smoke that the vehicular discharge of mobile air piece goes out is carried out.

At this, suppose to have in the tunnel to be accompanied by the plate-like air piece that air in the tunnel flows and to exist.Shown in Fig. 7 left side, during the 1st in from south (descend) to north (on) the tunnel in air mobile.Be accompanied by flowing of air piece, what Fig. 7 right side was illustrated is that the air piece is also moving as time goes by.

Along with moving of air piece, report to the leadship after accomplishing a task with the vehicle in the tunnel of passing through and air piece and the vehicle crossed are reported to the leadship after accomplishing a task together.The coal smoke that makes vehicular discharge go out of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task of air piece and vehicle is accumulated in the air piece.As the increase of this number of times of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task along with air piece and vehicle, the pollution concentration of air is also along with uprising.The running of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention is even at the concentration air piece in high period that is discharged from before the tunnel, be controlled at the pollution concentration standard below the standard value through wind speed in the tunnel is controlled.

Next, mainly be purpose with energy-conservation, when the rotation direction of jet blower was reversed, the flow direction of air piece before being discharged from the tunnel reversed, and the air piece is blown back in the tunnel again.As Fig. 7 right side the 2nd during because the rotation direction of jet blower reverses, the mobile orientation of air piece demonstrates counter-rotating.Like this air piece during the 2nd in from north (on) to the moving process of southern (descending), be accumulated in the air piece with the vehicle coal smoke that makes vehicular discharge go out of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task.

As shown in Figure 6; If when considering to switch the rotation direction of jet blower in will be during 3, if during the situation of the 3rd pattern and the 6th pattern, owing to during 3, the possibility of accumulating can take place to pollute; The righttest operating scheme determination section 160; Even when running into the 3rd pattern and the 6th pattern situation, also can guarantee to be controlled at below the pollution concentration, these can be reflected in the operating scheme.

The righttest operating scheme determination section 160 is taken the rotation direction that comprises the jet blower that turns round according to the righttest above-mentioned operating scheme into consideration and is switched in interior operation mode, formulates the righttest operating scheme.

It more than is an example of handling as the righttest operating scheme determination section 160.

Next, with the action or the characteristic of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention, the Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 1 that drives the blower fan running with the induction motor of traditional switch controlled compares explanation.

At this, supposing to be provided with in the tunnel 1 10 jet blowers is example.

Fig. 8 is the handling process of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention.

At first, suppose at certain time period T1, as each inductor of induction part 110 comprise vehicle count device 111 and, VI measuring instrument 112 and, CO measuring instrument 113 and, 1 related data in the tunnel that collects of AV meter 114.(like Fig. 8 step 1).Traffick number in the tunnel that collects by car batching counter 111, large car or the relevant traffic data of various vehicular traffics such as compact car, speed that vehicle is different; Smog transmitance data in the tunnel that collects by VI measuring instrument 112; Carbonomonoxide concentration data in the tunnel 300 that collects by CO measuring appliance 113; AV counts the wind direction and wind velocity data that collects, and promptly obtains each data of the levels of contamination in the tunnel 300.

The traffic data that induction part 110 is collected, smog transmitance data, carbonomonoxide concentration data, input model coaptation portion 150, prediction section 130, feedback modifiers portion 170 respectively.

Prediction section 130; Traffic data, smog transmitance data, carbonomonoxide concentration data according to induction part 110 collects are utilized the model in the model storage part 120; At least can extrapolate natural wind Un prediction data, traffic wind Ut prediction data, discharge amount of pollution C (t, x) prediction data (step 2 of Fig. 8).

The natural wind prediction is carried out through natural wind Forecasting Methodology 131.For example; 131 pairs of natural wind Forecasting Methodologies predict from the natural wind that blows into from the outside, tunnel after present moment begins 10 clocks, utilize natural wind behind measured data and 10 clocks of wind direction and wind velocity present in the tunnel 1 that AV meter 114 collects prediction data, the natural wind Un behind 10 clocks is predicted.

The prediction of traffic wind is carried out through traffic wind Forecasting Methodology 132.For example; Traffic wind Forecasting Methodology 132 begins the traffic volume after 10 minutes according to relevant each traffic data prediction of the traffic volume in past from present moment; Utilize the traffic model in the model storage part 120 that the traffic wind Ut that produces in the tunnel 1 is predicted, utilize the measured data and the traffic volume forecast data that collect from car batching counter 111, the traffic wind Ut after 10 minutes is predicted.

Wind velocity U r prediction is carried out through forecasting wind speed method in the tunnel 133 in the tunnel.Adopt the ultra rapid predictions method of wind speed in the above-mentioned tunnel.

The discharge amount of pollution prediction is carried out through discharge amount of pollution Forecasting Methodology 134.According to the traffic volume forecast data that obtain in the traffic wind prediction with utilize the pollution concentration model that the discharge amount of pollution prediction data is predicted, traffic volume measured data and the discharge amount of pollution prediction data that collects according to car batching counter 111, the discharge amount of pollution after 10 minutes is predicted.Adopt the ultra rapid predictions method of above-mentioned discharge amount of pollution.

Next; The righttest operating scheme determination section 160, utilize wind velocity U r and discharge amount of pollution C (t in 130 pairs of tunnels of prediction section; X) predict; For guaranteeing to observe the pollution concentration standard, the parallel running platform of decision jet blower 10 is counted N and the righttest operating scheme that comprises positive and negative rotation direction D and running number of times C thereof.(the step 3) of Fig. 8.

For example, according to wind direction and wind velocity Ura in the required tunnel of discharge amount of pollution prediction decision.This wind direction and wind velocity is removed natural wind prediction Un and the traffic wind prediction Ut that is envisioned, obtain the wind direction and wind velocity Uj that jet blower 10 need provide.The parallel running platform that the righttest operating scheme determination section 160 decisions produce the required jet blower 10 of Uj is counted N and the operating scheme that comprises positive and negative rotation direction D and running number of times C separately.At this, produce the required jet blower 10 parallel running platforms of Uj and count N and comprise that the operating scheme of positive and negative rotation direction D and running number of times C separately can have multiple combination.At this, the righttest operating scheme determination section 160 can decision carries out the parallel running platform of the jet blower 10 of energy-conservation maximum running and counts N and the scheme that comprises positive and negative rotation direction D and running number of times C separately.

For example, use the induction motor of switching mode always to drive the running blower fan and be prerequisite, start jet blower 10 and need carry out full-speed operation C (Top), can calculate needs several the jet blowers 10 of running with all strength, obtains Uj.For example let 5 jet blower 10 carry out full-speed operation C (Top) and can satisfy Uj.

Next; Feedback modifiers portion 170; Guarantee to observe the pollution concentration standard according to the various detection data in the tunnel that collects from induction part 110 1, to the parallel running platform of jet blower 10 count N and positive and negative rotation direction with and running number of times C carry out the calculating of FEEDBACK CONTROL amount.(Fig. 8 step 4).

Next; Mixed self-adapting control part 180; The righttest operating scheme that the feedback modifiers of feedback modifiers portion 170 is combined the righttest operating scheme determination section 160 decisions; Platform to required jet blower 10 is counted N, provides the running control signal of the positive and negative rotation direction D and the righttest controlled quentity controlled variable of running number of times, carries out the energy-saving operation of jet blower 10.(Fig. 8 step 5).

And model parameter reckoning portion 150 calculates for the parameter that makes wind speed model in the model storage part 120, traffic model, pollution concentration model becomes the righttest parameter, and the reckoning value of the parameter correlation of each model is upgraded.(Fig. 8 step 6).Used the high speed processing method of above-mentioned parameter about coaptation, the measured data that collects in the inductor of a substitution natural ventilation power (Ur), full-sized car traffic draft power (Am Heavy), kart traffic draft power (Am Light) can be calculated at a high speed.

More than be Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention, the hybrid adaptive controlled quentity controlled variable that is combined into for feedback modifiers and the righttest energy-conservation operating scheme on basis through various prediction data is to the jet blower control of turning round.

[experimental example]

Situation when next, using Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of the present invention 100, practical application in the tunnel is introduced as Test Example.

Carrying out tunnel test same day; Shown in Fig. 9 (a), the traffic volume (2) of the dilly of the traffic volume (1) of the full-sized car of up direction (along direction), up direction (along direction), the traffic volume (3) of down direction (in the other direction) oversize vehicle, the traffic volume (4) of down direction (in the other direction) dilly.

Wind speed control in the tunnel is shown in Fig. 9 (b).And natural wind is 0.

Fig. 9 (c) adopts Control System of Tunnel Ventilation 100 of the present invention in order to obtain wind speed in the tunnel shown in Fig. 9 (b), utilizes frequency converter to drive the sketch map of the operation result of jet blower.Jet blower by Frequency Converter Control is carried out refined control.Be in the scope of 2 of positive directions, 2 of opposite directions, to move generally speaking.

In addition, Fig. 9 (d) is as comparative example, signal be not adopt frequency converter to turn round but adopt the control of traditional switching mode, the situation when the platform number of jet blower is controlled.Shown in Fig. 9 (c) is only the jet blower of positive direction not to be carried out platform numerical control system by trickle control.As stated, compare, more can realize energy-conservation purpose by turn round the present invention of control of frequency converter shown in Fig. 9 (c) with the blower fan of the traditional switching mode control shown in Fig. 9 (d).

Be illustrated with regard to desirable example of the present invention through above diagram, ventilated control system is to be more widely used in the tunnel.

Only can know otherwise exceed the scope of technology of the present invention, can carry out other various changes.Therefore the content put down in writing of the claim scope only in present patent application of technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. Control System of Tunnel Ventilation comprises:

The induction part that data in smog transmitance in the above-mentioned tunnel and dusty gas concentration and sectional wind velocity and the tunnel that comprises the traffic volume in the tunnel are measured, gathered and,

The traffic model that driving vehicle is simulated in the wind speed model that the wind that flows in the above-mentioned tunnel is simulated and, the above-mentioned tunnel and, the concentration of the pollutant that vehicle discharged through the above-mentioned tunnel pollution concentration model of simulating carry out model store model storage part and,

Input data in the above-mentioned tunnel that above-mentioned induction part collects; In conjunction with the variation of data in the above-mentioned tunnel, to the parameter that is stored in above-mentioned wind speed model and above-mentioned traffic model and above-mentioned pollution concentration model in the above-mentioned model storage part calculate and the model parameter reckoning portion that upgrades with,

Utilize in the above-mentioned tunnel that smog transmitance desired value and dusty gas concentration target value and, above-mentioned induction part collect data and, above-mentioned wind speed model and above-mentioned traffic model and above-mentioned pollution concentration model, the prediction section that natural wind and traffic wind and discharge amount of pollution are predicted and,

According to each of above-mentioned prediction section predict the outcome FEEDBACK CONTROL portion that sectional wind velocity desired value and ventilation equipment control desired value are carried out FEEDBACK CONTROL with,

In conjunction with the natural ventilation direction of the relation of the parallel running platform number of above-mentioned ventilation equipment and running number of times and the above-mentioned ventilation equipment natural wind when the positive and negative running and the relation of the traffic direction of ventilation of two-way traffic, determine energy-conservation the righttest operating scheme energy-conservation the righttest operating scheme determination section and,

Above-mentioned sectional wind velocity desired value and above-mentioned ventilation equipment control desired value are carried out feedback modifiers, and the mixed self-adapting control part that combines above-mentioned the righttest energy-conservation operating scheme to control.

2. a kind of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of being put down in writing in the claim 1; The running of above-mentioned ventilation equipment is to rely on frequency converter to drive running, and the righttest controlled quentity controlled variable that above-mentioned ventilation equipment can be determined below rated current, according to the mixed self-adapting control part turns round continuously.

3. Control System of Tunnel Ventilation has following characteristic:

The feedback modifiers of above-mentioned mixed self-adapting control part, have

The data of the above-mentioned sectional wind velocity that collects according to above-mentioned sectional wind velocity desired value and above-mentioned induction part, the 1st FEEDBACK CONTROL that the parallel running platform number of above-mentioned ventilation equipment and positive and negative rotation direction and running number of times thereof are controlled and,

Above-mentioned smog transmitance data that collect according to above-mentioned dusty gas concentration data and above-mentioned dusty gas concentration target value and, above-mentioned induction part and smog transmitance desired value, the 2nd FEEDBACK CONTROL that the parallel running platform number of above-mentioned ventilation equipment and positive and negative rotation direction and running number of times thereof are controlled

The tandem that is included in interior above-mentioned the 2nd feedback circuit that forms with above-mentioned the 1st feedback circuit is controlled to be characteristic.

4. a kind of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of being put down in writing in any 1 claim item of claim 1 in the claim 3 also has following characteristic:

As above-mentioned wind speed model; It is 2 order polynomials about wind direction and wind velocity Ur in the above-mentioned tunnel that the equation of [several 23] is used as; Ur1*, Ur2* as 2 steady-state solutions, through putting the Ur analytic solutions of the equation [several 24] that draws in order, are utilized discrete time wind speed model; Realize that above-mentioned prediction section carries out ultra rapid predictions and be treated to characteristic

$\frac{\mathrm{DUr}}{\mathrm{Dt}}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{ArL\&rho;}}(\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pr}+\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pt}+\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pn}+\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pj})$ [several 23]

$\mathrm{Ur}\left(t\right)=\frac{({\mathrm{Ur}1}^{*}-e^{(\mathrm{\&alpha;\; t}+\mathrm{\&beta;})}{\mathrm{Ur}2}^{*})}{1-e^{\mathrm{\&alpha;\; t}+\mathrm{\&beta;}}}$ [several 24]

Here, the Ur in the formula is that wind direction and wind velocity in the above-mentioned tunnel, Ar are that above-mentioned tunnel cross-section is long-pending, L is that above-mentioned tunnel is long, ρ is that atmospheric density, Pr are that above-mentioned tunnel internal face frictional force, Pt are that traffic draft power, Pn are that natural ventilation power, Pj are that mechanical ventilation power, α, β are coefficient.

5. a kind of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of being put down in writing in any 1 claim item of claim 1 in the claim 4 also has following characteristic:

As above-mentioned pollution concentration model, utilize advection diffusion equation [several 25] obtain C (t, analytic solutions x) [several 26] according to the analytic solutions of [several 26], are utilized discrete time pollution concentration model, realize that above-mentioned prediction section carries out ultra rapid predictions and be treated to characteristic,

$\frac{\&PartialD;C}{\&PartialD;t}+\mathrm{Ur}\frac{\&PartialD;C}{\&PartialD;x}=D\frac{{\&PartialD;}^{2}C}{{\&PartialD;x}^2}+M$ [several 25]

$C(t,x)=\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\frac{\mathrm{Mi}(\mathrm{ti},\mathrm{xi})}{S\sqrt{4\mathrm{\&pi;D}(\mathrm{ti}-t)}}\exp [-\frac{{\{\mathrm{xi}-\mathrm{Ur}(\mathrm{ti}-t)\}}^2}{4D(\mathrm{ti}-t)}]$

[several 26]

Here; C in the formula be pollution concentration, Ur be wind direction and wind velocity in the above-mentioned tunnel, t be time, x for from above-mentioned tunnel portal to the distance that flows down direction, M is discharge amount of pollution, D is that diffusion coefficient, Mi are that disposal of pollutants time, the xi that i the discharge amount of pollution that car discharged, ti are i vehicle is the distance of i the present position of car in the tunnel to the tunnel portal place.

6. a kind of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of being put down in writing in any 1 claim item of claim 1 in the claim 4 also has following characteristic:

Above-mentioned mixed self-adapting control part; To the operation result of above-mentioned ventilation equipment comprise above-mentioned actual measurement data that above-mentioned induction part collects with, when above-mentioned prediction data that above-mentioned prediction section predicted is carried out the correction of deviation; Above-mentioned parameter reckoning portion; [several 29] that utilize [several 27] and [several 28] to draw through arrangement, substitution is with full-sized car drag area P of equal value ₁, kart drag area P of equal value ₂, natural wind wind speed P ₃In [several 30] that draw as model parameter, with P ₁, P ₂, P ₃It is to set up that the linearity of [several 31] of being correlated with is used as, as the problem of the Kalman filtering of discrete time probability system, to parameter P ₁, P ₂, P ₃Calculate the characteristic of processing,

$\frac{\mathrm{DUr}}{\mathrm{Dt}}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{ArL\&rho;}}(\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pr}+\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pt}+\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pn}+\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pj})$ [several 27]

$\mathrm{\&Delta;Pr}=(1+\mathrm{\&zeta;e}+\mathrm{\&lambda;}\frac{L}{D})\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}}{2}\left|\mathrm{Ur}\right|\mathrm{Ur}$

$\mathrm{\&Delta;Pt}=\left(\frac{\mathrm{Am}\left(H\right)\&CenterDot;n\left(H\right)+\mathrm{Am}\left(L\right)\&CenterDot;n\left(L\right)}{S}\right)\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}}{2}|\mathrm{Vt}-\mathrm{Ur}|(\mathrm{Vt}-\mathrm{Ur})$

$\mathrm{\&Delta;\; Pn}=(1+\mathrm{\&zeta;\; e}+\mathrm{\&lambda;}\frac{L}{D})\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}}{2}\left|\mathrm{Un}\right|\mathrm{Un}$ [several 28]

$\mathrm{\&Delta;Pt}=\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}}{2}\left|\mathrm{Uj}\right|\mathrm{Uj}\&CenterDot;2\mathrm{\&phi;}(1-\mathrm{\&Psi;})\mathrm{nj}$

ζ e in the formula is that entrance loss coefficient, λ are that skin friction drag coefficient, Am are that automobile drag area of equal value, Vt are average vehicle speed, and mark (H) is that large car, (L) are compact car.

is that wind velocity U r and blower fan export wind velocity U j in the tunnel in wind speed is than (Ur/Uj) for the cross-sectional area of the long-pending Ar of the discharge area Aj of jet blower and tunnel cross-section than (Aj/Ar), Ψ

$\frac{\mathrm{dUr}}{\mathrm{dt}}=\mathrm{\&alpha;r}\left(t\right)+\mathrm{\&alpha;}{t}_1\left(t\right)\mathrm{Am}\left(H\right)+\mathrm{\&alpha;}{t}_2\left(t\right)\mathrm{Am}\left(L\right)$

$+\mathrm{\&alpha;\; n}\left(t\right)\left|\mathrm{Un}\right|\mathrm{Un}+\mathrm{\&alpha;\; j}\left(t\right)$ [several 29]

D (t)=a (t) P ₁(t)+b (t) P ₂(t)+c (t) P ₃(t)+ε d [several 30]

P in the formula ₁(t) be equivalent to Am (H), P ₂(t) be equivalent to Am (L), P ₃(t) be equivalent to Ur,

P ₁(t+1)＝P ₁(t)+ε1

P ₂(t+1)=P ₂(t)+ε 2 [several 31]

P ₃(t+1)＝P ₃(t)+ε3

7. a kind of Control System of Tunnel Ventilation of in any 1 the claim item of claim 1 in the claim 4, being put down in writing also has following characteristic:

Above-mentioned mixed self-adapting control part; When the operation result as above-mentioned ventilation equipment is comprised that the deviation of above-mentioned actual measurement data that above-mentioned induction part collects and, above-mentioned prediction data that above-mentioned prediction section predicted is revised; Above-mentioned parameter reckoning portion is at full-sized car soot emissions amount P ₄, kart soot emissions amount P ₅As parameter [several 25] are put in order in [several 32] that draw, with P ₄, P ₅Linearity be used as and set up, as the problem of the Kalman filtering of [several 33] and discrete time probability system, to parameter P4, P5 calculates the characteristic of processing,

E (t)=f (t) P ₄(t)+g (t) P ₅(t)+ε e [several 32]

P in the formula ₄(t) be equivalent to Co (H), P ₅(t) be equivalent to Co (L),

P ₄(t+1)＝P ₄(t)+ε4

[several 33]

P ₅(t+1)＝P ₅(t)+ε5。

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