CN102465763A - 集成涡轮机氧气设备 - Google Patents

集成涡轮机氧气设备 Download PDF

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CN102465763A
CN102465763A CN2011102835685A CN201110283568A CN102465763A CN 102465763 A CN102465763 A CN 102465763A CN 2011102835685 A CN2011102835685 A CN 2011102835685A CN 201110283568 A CN201110283568 A CN 201110283568A CN 102465763 A CN102465763 A CN 102465763A
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air
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compressor
oxygen
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CN102465763B (zh
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A·K·阿南德
R·A·德普伊
V·穆泰亚
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General Electric Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/26—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension
    • F02C3/28—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/102—Nitrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

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Abstract

集成涡轮机氧气设备(10)包括涡轮机(16)和空气分离单元(36)。一个或多个压缩机通路(34)使压缩空气(32)从压缩机(22)流经燃烧器(28)和涡轮膨胀器(24)中的一个或多个，以冷却燃烧器(28)和/或涡轮膨胀器(24)。空气分离单元(36)能够操作地连接到一个或多个压缩机通路(34)且构造成将压缩空气(32)分离成氧气(40)和无氧空气(42)。在集成涡轮机氧气设备(10)中进行空气分离的方法包括在涡轮机(16)的压缩机(22)中压缩空气流(26)。压缩空气流(32)流经涡轮机(16)的燃烧器(28)和涡轮膨胀器(24)中的一个或多个，以冷却燃烧器(28)和/或涡轮膨胀器(24)。压缩空气流(32)引导至空气分离单元(36)且分离成氧气(40)和无氧空气(42)。

Description

集成涡轮机氧气设备
联邦研究声明
根据美国能源部合同号DE-FC26-05NT42643构思本发明。联邦政府享有本发明的某些权利。
技术领域
本文所公开的主题大体涉及气化发电设备。更具体而言，本公开涉及用于功率产生的空气分离设备。
背景技术
典型气化发电设备使用氧气来将例如煤的进料转换为燃料气体，用于在燃气涡轮中燃烧以经由连接到它的发电机来发电。在集成气化发电设备中，氧气从其中分离的空气从燃气涡轮压缩机供应，从而改进设备效率且降低成本。空气在燃气涡轮的压缩机中压缩，且通过在空气分离单元中分离氧气与压缩空气的其它成分来从压缩空气产生氧气。通常使用的一种空气分离单元为基于膜的空气分离单元。在基于膜的分离单元中，在高于大约1400F(°F)的温度，通常在大约1400F至大约1600F的范围发生空气分离。然而，来自燃气涡轮压缩机的压缩空气可在大约600F至大约1000F的范围内提供。因此，经由热交换器或燃料加热器来加热压缩空气以将温度升高到必需的1400F至1600F用于在空气分离单元中利用。这种热交换器的利用添加了额外成本且需要额外燃料进行操作。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面，集成涡轮机氧气设备包括燃烧器。能够操作地连接到燃烧器的涡轮机包括压缩机和涡轮膨胀器。一个或多个压缩机通路使压缩空气从压缩机流经燃烧器和涡轮膨胀器中的一个或多个以冷却燃烧器和/或涡轮膨胀器。空气分离单元能够操作地连接到一个或多个压缩机通路且构造成将压缩空气分离成氧气和无氧空气(oxygen-depleted air)。
根据本发明的另一方面，在集成涡轮机氧气设备中进行空气分离的方法包括在涡轮机的压缩机中压缩空气流和使压缩空气流流经涡轮机的燃烧器和涡轮膨胀器中的一个或多个以冷却燃烧器和/或涡轮膨胀器。压缩空气流的温度经由流经燃烧器和/或涡轮膨胀器而升高到空气分离单元的操作温度。压缩空气流流入到空气分离单元，在空气分离单元中压缩空气流分离成氧气和无氧空气。
附图说明
附图是用于集成涡轮机氧气设备的空气分离系统的示意图。
详细描述参看附图以举例说明的方式解释本发明的实施例，以及优点和特征。
部件列表：
10  设备
12  气化器
14  燃料气体
16  涡轮机
18  涡轮轴
20  发电机
22  压缩机
22A 辅助压缩机
24  涡轮膨胀器
26  空气流
28  燃烧器
30  燃烧产物
32  压缩空气流
34  通路
36  分离单元
38  热交换器
40  氧气
42  无氧空气
44  无氧空气通路
46  燃烧器通路
48  热交换器
50  氧气压缩机
具体实施方式
附图示出集成涡轮机氧气设备10的示意图。该设备10可包括气化器12，其从诸如例如煤的进料产生燃料气体14。燃料气体14供应给燃烧器28，其能够操作地连接到涡轮机16，例如燃气涡轮。燃烧器28燃烧燃料气体14且产生燃烧产物30，其驱动连接到例如发电机20的涡轮机16的涡轮轴18以产生电力。涡轮机16包括压缩机22，其沿着轴18定位且能够操作地连接到涡轮膨胀器24。空气流26输入到压缩机22内、压缩且输出到燃烧器28以与燃料气体14一起燃烧。燃烧产物30传送到涡轮膨胀器24以驱动轴18。
该设备10包括空气分离系统，其分离氧气与空气中的其它成分。压缩空气流32的一部分以压缩机输出温度，通常在大约600F至1000F的范围，从压缩机22分流。压缩空气流32经由一个或多个压缩空气流通路34传送到涡轮膨胀器24和/或燃烧器28以为其中的构件提供冷却，这些构件通常在远高于600F至1000F的温度操作且另外需要对这些构件进行这种冷却以延长使用寿命。在传送通过燃烧器28和/或涡轮膨胀器24之后在某些实施例中现在处于大约1400F至1600F的温度的压缩空气流32传送到空气分离单元36，其在某些实施例中是基于膜的且具有在1400F至1600F范围的操作温度，方便地匹配膨胀器的外流。如果在某些情况下膨胀器外流在低于空气分离单元的操作温度范围的温度，则需要对压缩空气流32进行额外加热，压缩空气流32可流经热交换器38或类似物以将压缩空气流32的温度升高到空气分离单元36的操作温度内。利用来自燃烧器28和/或涡轮膨胀器24的热来将压缩空气流32的温度升高到所需水平减少了或排除了对于诸如在现有技术系统中使用的额外热交换器和/或加热器的需要。
一旦压缩空气32流到空气分离单元36，空气分离单元36将压缩空气流34分离成低压高温氧气流40和无氧空气流42。在某些实施例中，无氧空气42可经由一个或多个无氧空气通路44流到涡轮膨胀器24以驱动轴18的旋转，从而提高涡轮机16的效率。另外，在某些实施例中，无氧空气42的至少一部分从空气分离单元36传送到燃烧器28且经由一个或多个燃烧器通路46引入到燃烧器28。将无氧空气42引入到燃烧器28内以与燃料气体14一起燃烧提高了设备10的效率和输出且降低了来自燃烧器28的例如NOx的排放。在某些实施例中，在引入到燃烧器28内之前，无氧空气42冷却到所需燃烧器28入口温度。在某些实施例中，辅助压缩机22A连接到一个或多个燃烧器通路46。辅助压缩机22A用于通过将额外高压空气引入到流入到燃烧器28的无氧空气流42内以增加通过一个或多个燃烧器通路的流量，从而进一步提高设备10的效率和功率输出。
可以以许多不同方式来利用高温氧气流40。举例而言，在某些实施例中，除了进料之外，高温氧气40可引入到气化器12内用于产生燃料气体14。取决于气化器12的输入要求，可修改高温氧气流40。举例而言，高温氧气流40可在热交换器48中冷却以降低氧气40的温度。另外，如果需要更高压力的氧气流40，则氧气流40被引入到氧气压缩机50以将压力提高到所需水平。这种设备10的其它实例可使用常规燃气涡轮燃料，诸如天然气或油，并且所产生的氧气可输出用于工业设备中。
虽然仅关于有限数目的实施例描述了本发明，但应易于了解的是，本发明并不限于这些公开的实施例。相反，可修改本发明以合并之前未描述但仍与本发明的精神和范围相符的任意数目的变型、更改、替代或等效布置。此外，虽然描述了本发明的各种实施例，但是应了解的是，本发明的方面可仅包括所描述实施例中的某些。因此，本发明不应视作受前文的描述限制，而是仅受所附权利要求的范围限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种集成涡轮机氧气设备(10)，包括：
燃烧器(28)；
涡轮机(16)，其能够操作地连接到所述燃烧器(28)，并且包括：
压缩机(22)；和
涡轮膨胀器(24)；
一个或多个压缩机通路(34)，其用于使压缩空气(32)从所述压缩机(22)流经所述燃烧器(28)和所述涡轮膨胀器(24)中的一个或多个，以冷却所述燃烧器(28)和/或所述涡轮膨胀器(24)；以及
空气分离单元(36)，其能够操作地连接到所述一个或多个压缩机通路(34)且构造成将所述压缩空气(32)分离成氧气(40)和无氧空气(42)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，还包括一个或多个热交换器(38)，其沿着所述一个或多个压缩机通路(34)布置以进一步升高所述压缩空气(32)的温度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，还包括一个或多个无氧空气通路(44)以使无氧空气(42)从所述空气分离单元(36)流到所述涡轮膨胀器(24)，以驱动所述涡轮膨胀器(24)的旋转。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，还包括一个或多个燃烧器通路(46)以使无氧空气(42)从所述空气分离单元(36)流到所述燃烧器(28)，用于在所述燃烧器(28)中与燃料气体燃烧。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，还包括热交换器(38)，其沿着所述一个或多个燃烧器通路(46)布置，用于降低流经所述一个或多个燃烧器通路(46)的无氧空气(42)的温度。
6.根据权利要求4所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，还包括辅助压缩机(22A)，其连接到所述一个或多个燃烧器通路(46)以使得通过一个或多个燃烧器通路(46)的流升压。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，所述空气分离单元(36)构造成以在大约1400华氏度至大约1600华氏度的范围的温度操作。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，所述压缩空气(32)以在大约600华氏度至大约1000华氏度的范围的温度从所述压缩机(22)输出。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，所述压缩空气(32)的温度升高到大约1400华氏度至大约1600华氏度的范围。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，由气化器(12)生成的燃料气体提供给所述燃烧器(28)。
CN201110283568.5A 2010-11-08 2011-09-08 集成涡轮机氧气设备 Expired - Fee Related CN102465763B (zh)

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