CN102459296B - 具有抗微生物活性的酮内酯类化合物 - Google Patents
具有抗微生物活性的酮内酯类化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102459296B CN102459296B CN201080023594.8A CN201080023594A CN102459296B CN 102459296 B CN102459296 B CN 102459296B CN 201080023594 A CN201080023594 A CN 201080023594A CN 102459296 B CN102459296 B CN 102459296B
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- thiadiazoles
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有抗微生物活性的式I所示的酮内酯类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐。本发明还提供了包含本发明化合物的药物组合物和利用本发明的化合物治疗或预防微生物感染的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及具有抗微生物活性的式I所示的酮内酯类(kotolide)化合物及其药学上可接受的盐。本发明还提供了包含本发明化合物的药物组合物和利用本发明的化合物治疗或预防微生物感染的方法。
发明背景
酮内酯类化合物是一类众所周知的抗微生物化合物,是半合成的14-元环大环内酯的衍生物,其特点是大环内酯环上3-位的L-克拉定糖(cladinose)片段被酮基所取代。泰利霉素和喹红霉素是酮内酯类化合物的代表。
美国专利5,635,485和Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.1999,9(21),3075-3080记载了泰利霉素。在PCT申请WO 98/09978和J.Med.Chem.2000,43,1045中公开了另一个酮内酯类喹红霉素(ABT 773)和其他酮内酯类化合物。
美国专利6,900,183描述内酯环上C-21位被氰基或者氨基衍生物所取代的11,12-γ内酯酮内酯。专利申请如U.S.2004/0077557和PCT公开WO 02/16380,WO 03/42228,WO 03/072588以及WO 04/16634记载了11,12-位γ内酯酮内酯。我们的共同待批PCT申请WO 08/023248描述了若干个大环内酯类和酮内酯类化合物。
在侧链上具有噻二唑杂芳基的本发明的酮内酯类化合物是有用的抗微生物剂。本发明的化合物对革兰氏阳性菌包括对大环内酯及酮内酯的耐药菌株具有意料不到的优良的抗菌效力。值得一提的是,本发明的化合物对治疗耐药性微生物感染具有特别良好的口服疗效。
发明概述
本发明涉及式I的酮内酯类化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐:
式I
其中
X为CH或者N。
本发明还提供了包含式I化合物和药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或者赋形剂的药物组合物。
本发明进一步提供了利用式I化合物治疗或预防微生物感染的方法。
本发明的一个或者多个实施方案的细节在下述说明书中进一步陈述。本发明其他的特征、目的和优点从说明书和权利要求来看是显而易见的。
发明详述
一方面,本发明提供了式I的酮内酯类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
式I
其中
X为CH或者N。
术语的定义:
除非另有描述,否则采用以下定义。
文中所用的术语“药学上可接受的盐”指本发明游离碱的一种或多种盐,该盐具有该游离碱的所需药理学活性并且在生物学或其它方面是符合要求的。该盐适用于与人和低等动物的组织接触,而没有过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应等,并且具有合理的效益/风险比。本领域熟知药学上可接受的盐。例如,S.M.Berge等人在J.Pharmaceutical Sciences,66:1-19(1977)中详细描述的药学上可接受的盐,该文献通过引用纳入本文。这些盐可在本发明化合物的最终分离和纯化过程中原位制备,或通过游离碱官能团与合适的酸反应来单独地制备。这些盐可由无机酸或有机酸制得。无机酸的例子是盐酸、硝酸、高氯酸、氢溴酸、硫酸或磷酸。有机酸的例子是乙酸、丙酸、草酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、马来酸、延胡索酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸等。还包括与各种氨基酸形成的盐,所述氨基酸例如丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或缬氨酸,或它们的光学活性异构体,或它们的外消旋混合物,或由它们的单氨基酸单元衍生的二肽、三肽和多肽。
其它药学上可接受的盐包括己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐(digluconate)、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、氢碘化物(hydroiodide)、2-羟基-乙磺酸盐、乳糖酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、丙二酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(pamoate)、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、十一烷酸盐、戊酸盐等。
化合物中酸部分的盐也可以通过与合适的碱反应制得。这些合适的盐是无机碱或有机碱形成的那些盐。无机碱例如是KOH、NaOH、Ca(OH)2、Al(OH)3。有机碱盐可以来自碱性胺,例如是乙胺、三乙胺、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、胍或杂环胺,例如哌啶、羟乙基吡咯烷、羟乙基哌啶、吗啉、哌嗪,N-甲基哌嗪等,或来自碱性氨基酸,例如精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、色氨酸等的光学纯异构体或外消旋异构体。
如果合适,其它药学上可接受的盐包括无毒铵、季铵、使用抗衡离子形成的胺阳离子,所述抗衡离子例如是卤离子、氢氧根离子、羧酸根离子、硫酸根离子、磷酸根离子、硝酸根离子、低级烷基磺酸根离子和芳基磺酸根离子。
“治疗有效量”指研究者、兽医、医生或其它临床医师试图在组织体系、动物或人中引起生物学或医学反应的活性化合物或药剂用量,该反应包括减轻所治疗疾病或病症的症状。引起生物学或医学反应所需的活性化合物或药剂的具体量取决于许多因素,包括但不限于所治疗的疾病或病症,给予的活性化合物或药剂,给药方式和患者的状况。
除非另有说明,术语“治疗”包括如本发明方法中提供的治疗或预防微生物感染。
术语“微生物感染”包括但并不局限于由革兰氏阳性菌,革兰氏阴性菌,需氧菌,厌氧菌、非典型细菌或原虫引起的细菌感染,所述感染可通过给予如本发明化合物之类的抗生素进行治疗或预防。这类细菌感染和原虫感染以及这类感染的相关病症包括以下:与肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae)、粘膜炎莫拉菌(Moraxella catarrhalis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)或消化链球菌属(Peptostreptococcus spp.)感染相关的肺炎、中耳炎、鼻窦炎(sinusitus)、气管炎、扁桃体炎和乳突炎;与酿脓链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)、C群和G群链球菌、白喉梭菌(Clostridium diptheriae)或溶血放线杆菌(Actinobacillus haemolyticum)感染相关的咽炎(pharynigitis)、风湿热和肾小球肾炎;与肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae)、嗜肺性军团病杆菌(Legionella pneumophila)、肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae)或肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumoniae)感染相关的呼吸道感染;与金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(即表皮葡萄球菌(S.epidermidis),溶血葡萄球菌(S.hemolyticus)等)、酿脓链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)、无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)、C-F族链球菌(微小菌落链球菌(minute-colony streptococci)),草绿色链球菌(viridans streptococci)、微小棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium minutissimum)、梭菌属(Clostridium spp.)或汉氏巴尔通氏体(Bartonella henselae)感染相关的无并发症的皮肤和软组织感染、脓肿和骨髓炎以及产褥热;与腐生性葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)或肠球菌属(Enterococcus spp.)感染相关的无并发症的急性泌尿道感染;尿道炎和宫颈炎;与沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis)、杜克雷嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus ducreyi)、苍白密螺旋体(Treponema pallidum)、尿素分解尿素原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum)或淋病奈瑟球菌(Neiserria gonorrheae)感染相关的性传播疾病;与金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)(食物中毒和中毒性休克综合征)或A群、B群和C群链球菌感染相关的毒素病;与幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)感染相关的溃疡;与回归热疏螺旋体(Borrelia recurrentis)感染相关的全身性发热综合征(systemic febrilesyndromes);与博氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)感染相关的莱姆病;与沙眼衣原体(Chiamydia trachomatis)、淋病奈瑟球菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)、肺炎链球菌(S.pneumoniae)、酿脓链球菌(S.pyogenes)、流感嗜血杆菌(H.influenzae)或李斯特菌属感染相关的结膜炎、角膜炎和泪囊炎;与鸟分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium avium)或胞内分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium intracellulare)感染相关的弥散性鸟分枝杆菌复合菌组(disseminated Mycobacterium aviumcomplex)(MAC)疾病;与空肠弯曲杆菌(Campylobacter jejuni)感染相关的胃肠炎;与隐孢子原虫属(Cryptosporidium spp.)感染相关的肠内原生动物病;与草绿色链球菌(viridans streptococci)感染相关的牙(源)性感染;与百日咳博德特菌(Bordetellapertussis)感染相关的久咳;与产气荚膜梭状芽胞杆菌(Clostridium perfringens)或拟杆菌属(Bacteroides spp.)感染相关的气性坏疽;与幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacterpylori)或肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumoniae)感染相关的动脉粥样硬化。动物中可以治疗或预防的细菌感染和原虫感染以及与这类感染相关的病症包括以下:与溶血巴斯德菌(P.haem.)、多杀巴斯德菌(P.multocida)、牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis)或博德特菌属(Bordetella spp.)或嗜血杆菌属(Haemophilus spp.)感染相关的牛呼吸系统疾病;或原虫(即球虫类,隐孢子虫属等);与金黄色葡萄球菌(Staph.Aureus)、乳房链球菌(Strep.Uberis)、无乳链球菌(Strep.Agalactiae)、停乳链球菌(Strep.Dysgalactiae)、棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium)或肠球菌(Enterococcus spp.)感染相关的乳牛乳腺炎;与胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(A.pleuro.)、多杀巴斯德菌(P.multocida)或支原菌(Mycoplasma spp.)感染相关的猪呼吸系统疾病;,细胞内劳森氏菌(Lawsonia intracelluaris)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)或猪痢疾蛇形螺旋体(Serpulina hyodyisinteriae);与梭菌属(Fusobacterium spp.)感染相关的母牛根腐病;与坏死梭形杆菌(Fusobacterium necrophorum)或节瘤拟杆菌(Bacteroides nodosus)感染相关的母牛毛状疣;与牛莫拉氏菌(Moraxella bovis)感染相关的母牛红眼病;与原虫(即neosporium)感染相关的母牛早产和流产;与表皮葡萄球菌(Staph.Epidermidis)、中间葡萄球菌(Staph.Intermedius)、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(coagulase neg.Staph.)或多杀巴斯德菌(P.multocida)感染相关的狗和猫皮肤和软组织感染;与产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes spp.)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides spp.)、梭菌属(Clostridium spp.)、真杆菌(Eubacterium)、消化链球菌属(Peptostreptococcus)、卟啉菌属(Porphyromonas)或普氏菌(Prevotella)感染相关的狗和猫牙齿或口腔感染。
本发明的化合物包括:
(11S,21R)-3-脱克拉定糖基-11,12-双脱氧-6-O-甲基-3-氧代-12,11-{氧羰基-[E-氨基-(2-(吡啶-2-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-基-甲基)氧代-亚氨基-亚甲基]}-红霉素A;和
(11S,21R)-3-脱克拉定糖基-11,12-双脱氧-6-O-甲基-3-氧代-12,11-{氧羰基-[E-氨基-(2-(嘧啶-2-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-基-甲基)氧代-亚氨基-亚甲基]}-红霉素A。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供了制备式I的酮内酯类化合物和其药学上可接受的盐的工艺。
下面的线路图描述了制备本发明式I化合物的过程。所有的原料都能够通过有机化学领域的普通技术人员熟知的方法制备而成。
制备式I的酮内酯类化合物和其药学上可接受的盐的过程包括以下两步。
步骤I侧链的合成步骤
方案-1
如方案-1中所述,2-吡啶或者2-嘧啶羧酸的烷基酯1在温度为20℃至100℃的范围内,与肼在适当的溶剂如甲醇或乙醇或水或其混合物中反应生成相应的化合物2。在有机碱如三乙胺,二异丙基乙胺或者吡啶存在的条件下,在适当的溶剂如二氯甲烷或二氯乙烷或氯仿或四氢呋喃(THF)或者它们的混合物中,在-5℃至50℃的温度下,用草酰氯单乙酯处理化合物(2),然后可选地将溶剂换为适当的溶剂如四氢呋喃(THF)或1,4-二噁烷或甲苯或二甲苯或其混合物,在温度为30℃至140℃的条件下,用劳森试剂(Lawesson’s reagent)处理反应混合物,得到相应的杂芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑基-羧酸烷基酯化合物3。化合物3在适当的溶剂如甲醇或乙醇或四氢呋喃或水或其混合物中,与还原剂如硼氢化钠,硼氢化锂反应,控制温度在-5℃至50℃的范围内,优选在0℃至35℃的范围内得到相应的杂芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑基-甲醇化合物4。
化合物4在有机碱如三乙胺,二异丙基乙胺或者吡啶存在下,在适当的溶剂如二氯甲烷或二氯乙烷或氯仿或四氢呋喃(THF)或者它们的混合物中,在-10℃至40℃的温度范围内,与烷基或者芳基磺酰氯,如甲磺酰氯或对甲苯基磺酰氯反应,得到相应的杂芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑基-甲醇的烷基或芳基磺酸酯,其再进一步与溴化锂或者溴化钠在适当的溶剂如丙酮或2-丁酮中、在40℃至80℃的温度范围内反应,得到相应的杂芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑基-甲基溴化合物5。可选地通过杂芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑基-甲醇化合物4与四溴化碳以及膦试剂如三苯基膦或者三甲苯基膦在适当的溶剂如二氯甲烷或二氯乙烷或者氯仿在温度为-10℃至40℃的条件下反应,制得杂芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑基-甲基溴化合物5。
步骤II酮内酯的合成步骤
方案-2
如方案-2所述,将按照PCT申请WO 08/023248A2中所描述的步骤制备的(11S,21R)-2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-3-去克拉定糖基-11,12-双脱氧-6-O-甲基-12,11-{氧羰基-[E-氨基(肟基)甲基]}-红霉素A(6),在适当的溶剂如苯,甲苯或二甲苯中,在-10℃至50℃的温度范围内,与合适的(嘧啶基/吡啶基)-1,3,4-噻二唑基-甲基溴在合适的有机碱如氢化钾或叔丁醇钾或六甲基二硅氮烷基钾(potassiumhexamethyldisilazane)或者无机碱如氢氧化钾存在下、加入或不加相转移催化剂如18-冠-6醚或四丁基溴化铵的条件下反应,得到醚化的化合物7。
在合适的溶剂如二氯甲烷或二氯乙烷或者氯仿中,在-50℃至10℃的温度范围内,使用Corey-Kim氧化剂或者Dess-Martin氧化剂的标准条件将化合物7氧化,得到2’-2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基保护的酮内酯化合物8。然后在合适的溶剂例如乙腈或四氢呋喃或者二噁烷中,在0℃至40℃的温度范围下,使化合物8与甲硅烷基脱保护剂如吡啶-氢氟酸,四丁基氟化铵或者盐酸反应,得到本发明的酮内酯化合物9。
另一方面,本发明还提供包含式I的酮内酯类化合物和其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体,稀释剂或者赋形剂所组成的药物组合物。就文中使用的“药学上可接受的”组分是适用于人和/或动物而没有过度的副作用(例如毒性、刺激和过敏反应)且符合适当效益/风险比的组分。
在一个具体的实施方式中,药物组合物中包含治疗有效量的本发明的酮内酯类化合物和在上文中描述的其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体,稀释剂或者赋形剂,以及可选地其他治疗成分。
出于本发明的目的,药物组合物包含本发明的化合物,为与根据所需给药途径和标准药学实践选择的药学载体混合给予的形式。可使用的合适载体是例如稀释剂或赋形剂,如填充剂、膨胀剂、粘合剂、软化剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、表面活性剂和润滑剂,通常根据剂型使用这些载体来制备这类药物。
可通过任何合适的给药途径将有效剂量的本发明化合物给予患者。例如,可以使用口服、直肠、阴道、胃肠外(皮下、肌肉内、静脉内)、经鼻、透皮、外用等给药形式。合适的剂型包括片剂、丸剂、粉末剂、含片、分散体、溶液、混悬剂、乳剂、胶囊、注射制剂、贴剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、洗剂、香波等。
在本发明的另一方面还提供了一种治疗或预防病人微生物感染的方法,包括给予所述病人治疗有效量的式I酮内酯类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的化合物对革兰氏阳性细菌包括对特定的大环内酯及酮内酯的耐药菌株具有预料不到的优良的效力。
值得一提的是,本发明的化合物的特征是对治疗耐药性微生物感染具有特别良好的口服疗效。
式I酮内酯类化合物在疾病的急性或慢性控制中的预防或治疗剂量根据需治疗疾病的严重性和给药途径而有所不同。此外,剂量,可能是给药频率也根据各患者的年龄、体重和反应而有所不同。通常,适用于本文所述疾病的本发明化合物的总日剂量范围约10mg至约5000mg。本领域技术人员将明白,一些情况下的用量可能超出上述范围。
此外,需要指出的是临床医生或者治疗医生结合病人的个体反应,应当知道如何以及什么时候中断,调整或者结束治疗。
这里所使用的术语病人意在表示鸟类,鱼类和哺乳动物,例如,人,猫,狗,马,羊,牛,猪,羔羊,大鼠,小鼠和豚鼠。
通过以下的例子进一步说明本发明,但这里所提供的仅仅是作为本发明的例证,而不能限制本发明的范围。某些改变和等同形式对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的,也包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例
下面的例子详细描述了本发明中部分代表性化合物的化学合成过程。所述过程仅为说明性的,本发明不应该被这里给出的化学反应和条件所限制。这里没有进行优化反应产率的尝试,但是对于本领域技术人员来说,反应时间,温度,溶剂,和/或试剂的改变会提高收率是显而易见的。
例1:(11S,21R)-3-脱克拉定糖基-11,12-双脱氧-6-O-甲基-3-氧代-12,11-{氧羰基-[E-氨基-(2-(吡啶-2-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-基-甲基)氧代-亚氨基-亚甲基]}-红霉素A:
步骤-1:成醚反应:
30℃下,向搅拌下的氢化钾(4.50g,30%矿物油悬浮物),18-冠-6-醚(1.0g)和(11S,21R)-2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-3-脱克拉定糖基-11,12-双脱氧-6-O-甲基-12,11-{氧羰基-[E-氨基(肟基)甲基]}-红霉素A(25g)的甲苯(500ml)溶液中加入2-(5-溴甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-吡啶(9.78gm)。反应混合物搅拌30分钟。然后加入饱和氯化铵溶液(100ml)淬灭反应。将反应液用乙酸乙酯(250ml×2)萃取,分层。合并有机层减压蒸馏得步骤-1的反应产物,呈灰白色固体16.0gm(52%)。
质谱=(m/z)=961.3(M+1)
步骤-2氧化反应:
-15℃下,向搅拌下的N-氯琥珀酰亚胺(NCS,16.62gm)的二氯甲烷(200ml)溶液中,加入二甲硫醚(15.31ml)。反应混合液在-15℃下搅拌30分钟。然后将步骤-1的反应产物(16gm)的二氯甲烷(200ml)溶液在-40℃下加入到上述反应液中。得到的反应混合物在-40℃条件下搅拌3小时。加入三乙胺(60ml)并在30℃下搅拌过夜。然后将反应液倒入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(200ml)中,分离有机层。合并的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸馏得粗产品。用硅胶柱色谱(15%丙酮:己烷)分离得步骤-2的化合物2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基保护的酮内酯13.55gm(84%),硅胶柱色谱后为白色泡沫状。
质谱:m/z:959.4(M+1)
步骤-3:脱保护反应:
在氮气保护下,将第二步反应产物(13.5gm)和70%HF-吡啶溶液(0.800ml)的混合物在乙腈(150ml)中在30℃下搅拌2小时。然后加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(50ml)并搅拌15分钟。减压蒸馏至反应液体积至原体积的四分之一。剩余的混悬液与水(50ml)一起搅拌,析出沉淀,抽滤得固体。湿滤饼用水,乙醚依次冲洗。然后在60℃下真空干燥得本发明的酮内酯化合物9.5g(80%),呈灰白色固体。
熔点=208.5℃(DSC检测)
质谱:m/z:845.3(M+1)
HPLC纯度:94.41%(单一异构体),保留时间为11.92分钟(HPLC系统:色谱柱:ACE 5C18,250×4.6mm,流动相:0.05M醋酸铵缓冲液(用乙酸调节pH为5.5)与乙腈比例为60∶40的混合液,流速:1.0ml/分钟,波长215nm,运行时间40分钟,样品用1∶1的乙腈水溶液配制成1mg/ml。
下面的制备显示了实施例-1合成中使用的原料的制备。
制备1:2-(5-溴甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-吡啶:
步骤-1:吡啶-2-羧酸肼:
将吡啶-2-羧酸乙酯(90g)与水合肼(60g)的混合物在乙醇(400ml)中在80℃下搅拌4小时。蒸馏除溶剂得粗产品。将粗产品在乙醚中搅拌,过滤悬浮液,湿滤饼用少量乙醇(50ml)洗涤得目标化合物76g(93%),呈白色固体。
质谱:m/z:138.0(M+1)
步骤-2:2-(5-乙氧基羰基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-吡啶:
0℃下经0.5小时将草酰氯单乙酯(80g)加入到溶于二氯甲烷(600ml)的吡啶-2-羧酸肼(76g)、三乙胺(155ml)混合物中。将该反应混合物搅拌2小时。反应通过TLC监测。然后加入水(100ml)淬灭反应,分层,将有机层用碳酸氢钠溶液(100ml)洗涤。有机相减压蒸馏得质量为110g的粗品。向该粗品的四氢呋喃(500ml)溶液中加入Lowesson’s试剂(208g),混合物在60℃下搅拌反应4小时。蒸馏除去溶剂,所得粗品用二氯甲烷和乙醚的混合液研碎。将混悬液过滤,湿滤饼用少量甲醇(100ml)冲洗得45g目标化合物(35%,两步反应),呈灰白色固体。
质谱:m/z:236.0(M+1)
1H NMR:(400Mhz,CDCl3):1.36(t,3H),4.32(q,2H),7.52(m,1H),7.91(m,1H),8.28(d,1H),8.60(d,1H)。
步骤-3:2-(5-羟甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-吡啶:
30℃下,向2-(5-乙氧基羰基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-吡啶(8gm)的乙醇(80ml)混合物中,分批加入硼氢化钠(2.51g)。30℃下搅拌反应2小时,用TLC监测反应。减压蒸馏除溶剂得粗产品。然后向其中加入100ml水后用二氯甲烷(200ml×2)萃取。合并有机相用水洗涤后减压蒸馏除去溶剂得目标化合物6.1g(92%)。无需纯化直接用于下一步反应。
质谱:m/z:194.0(M+1)
1H NMR:(400Mhz,DMSO d6):4.88(d,2H),6.24(brs,1H,可交换的),7.55(m,1H),8.02(m,1H),8.24(d,1H),8.69(d,1H)。
步骤-4:2-(5-甲磺酰氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-吡啶:
0℃下,向溶于二氯甲烷(150ml)的2-(5-羟甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-吡啶(6g)和三乙胺(13.1ml)的混合物中加入甲磺酰氯(5.31g),搅拌反应1小时。然后加入水淬灭反应,溶液分层。水层用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水洗涤,然后减压蒸除溶剂得目标化合物7.5g(88%),呈油状。
质谱:m/z:272.0(M-1)
步骤-5:2-(5-溴甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-吡啶:
将溶于丙酮(75ml)中的2-(5-甲磺酰氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-吡啶(7.5g)与溴化锂(3.84g)的混合物搅拌回流1小时。反应通过TLC监测。然后减压蒸除溶剂得粗品。将粗品与冰水一起搅拌得一悬浮液。将固体抽滤后得目标化合物6.5g(92%),呈淡褐色固体。
质谱:m/z:255.0(M+1)
1H NMR:(400Mhz,DMSO d6):5.16(s,2H),7.59(m,1H),8.03(m,1H),8.24(d,1H),8.70(d,1H)。
实施例-2:(11S,21R)-3-脱克拉定糖基-11,12-双脱氧-6-O-甲基-3-氧代-12,11-{氧羰基-[E-氨基-(2-(嘧啶-2-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-基-甲基)氧代-亚氨基-亚甲基]}-红霉素A。
步骤-1:成醚反应:
按照实施例-1的步骤-1中所描述的步骤,使用(11S,21R)-2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-3-脱克拉定糖基-11,12-双脱氧-6-O-甲基-12,11-{氧羰基-[E-氨基(肟基)甲基]}-红霉素A(2.5g),并用2-(5-溴甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-嘧啶(0.9g)替代2-(3-溴甲基-异噁唑-5-基)-嘧啶,得到步骤-1的产物2.4g(78.4%),呈固体。
质谱:m/z:962.4(M+1)
步骤-2:氧化反应:
按照实施例-1中步骤-2的反应步骤,并用实施例-3的步骤-1的化合物(12g),得到步骤-2的酮内酯化合物6.4g(53.5%),经过硅胶柱色谱分离后为白色固体。
质谱:m/z:960.3(M+1)
步骤-3:脱保护反应:
按照实施例-1中步骤-3所描述的反应步骤,并用实施例-2中步骤-2的化合物,得到本发明的酮内酯化合物4.5g(79.8%),呈灰白色固体。
熔点=158-160℃
质谱:m/z:846.3(M+1)
HPLC纯度:93.94%(单一异构体),保留时间为12.83分钟(HPLC系统:色谱柱:ACE C18,25cm,流动相:0.05M醋酸铵缓冲液(用乙酸调节pH为7.0)与乙腈比例为65∶35的混合液,流速:1.0ml/min,波长260nm,运行时间50分钟,样品用1∶1的乙腈水溶液配制成1mg/ml。
下面的制备解释了实施例-2合成中使用的原料的制备。
制备2:2-(5-溴甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-嘧啶:
步骤-1:嘧啶-2-羧酸肼:
将嘧啶-2-羧酸乙酯(100g)与水合肼(50ml)的混合物在乙醇(500ml)中在30℃下搅拌14小时。将悬浊液进行抽滤,湿滤饼用少量乙醇(25ml)然后用乙醚(50ml)洗涤得目标化合物80g(88%),呈白色固体。
质谱:m/z:139.0(M+1)
1H NMR;(400Mhz,DMSO d6):4.60(br s,2H,可交换的),7.64(m,1H),8.91(m,1H),10.00(br s,1H,可交换的)。
步骤-2:2-(5-乙氧基羰基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-嘧啶:
在10℃至15℃下,经0.5小时将草酰氯单乙酯(52.20g)加入到在四氢呋喃(1.5L)中的嘧啶-2-羧酸肼(50g),三乙胺(75ml)的混合物中,反应混合液升温至30℃搅拌反应0.5小时。在40℃下向其中加入Lowesson’s试剂(219g),然后搅拌回流反应4小时。然后将其冷却到30℃后抽滤,将滤液蒸除溶剂得剩余物,并将其与乙酸乙酯(500ml)搅拌。然后将混悬液抽滤,湿滤饼用少量乙酸乙酯(25ml)洗涤得30gm目标化合物(35%,两步反应),呈白色固体。
质谱:m/z:237.0(M+1)
1H NMR:(400Mhz,CDCl3):1.49(t,3H),4.58(m,2H),7.46(t,1H),8.94(d,2H)。
步骤-3:2-(5-羟甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-嘧啶:
在25℃至30℃下,将硼氢化钠(5.0g)分批加入溶于1%含水乙醇(500ml)的2-(5-乙氧基羰基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-嘧啶(30g)中,然后在30℃下搅拌反应3小时。然后蒸除溶剂得粗产品。将粗品经硅胶柱层析分离得目标化合物15g(60%),呈淡黄色固体。
质谱:m/z:195.0(M+1)
步骤-4:2-(5-甲磺酰氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-嘧啶:
0℃下,向在二氯甲烷(250ml)中的2-(5-羟甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-嘧啶(15g)和三乙胺(22ml)混合物中加入甲磺酰氯(7.2ml),并搅拌反应1小时。然后加入水淬灭反应,溶液分层。水层用二氯甲烷萃取(200ml×2),合并有机相依次用碳酸氢钠水溶液、水洗涤,然后减压蒸除溶剂得目标化合物20.1g(定量的),呈油状。
质谱:m/z:273.0(M+1)
步骤-5:2-(5-溴甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-嘧啶:
将溶于丙酮(100ml)中的2-(5-甲磺酰氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-嘧啶(15g)与溴化锂(6.4g)的混合物搅拌回流4小时。反应混合液经减压蒸馏得粗品。将粗品与冰水中搅拌得悬浮液。将固体抽滤后得目标化合物9.2g(66%),呈淡褐色固体。
质谱:m/z:259.0(M+2)
1HNMR:(400Mhz,CDCl3):4.87(s,2H),7.43(t,1H),8.91(d,2H)。
如上所述,本发明的化合物能够作为抗微生物剂使用。本发明的化合物对大环内酯和酮内酯耐药的革兰氏阳性菌株具有活性。以下的实验用于证明本发明的化合物对革兰氏阳性菌的活性。实验的结果列表显示如下。
生物学原始记录:酮内酯类化合物的评价
发明的酮类酯类化合物的抗微生物活性是通过标准的CLSI琼脂稀释法确定其最小抑制浓度(MIC)来评价的。用作预培养和主培养的培养基分别是胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤培养基(Difco)和Mueller Hinton培养基(Difco)。Mueller Hinton琼脂分别以5%的羊血作为链球菌和肺炎球菌的补充;以血红蛋白和NAD(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)作为流感嗜血杆菌的补充。用缓冲盐水(pH 7.2)将过夜培养基的最终细胞浓度稀释到5×106-107CFU/ml,并且每种细胞混悬液都用一个复制器(Denley’s多点接种器,UK)接种到一系列含有各种浓度的抗菌素的Mueller Hinton琼脂平板上。最终的接种体浓度大约在104CFU/点。这些平板在37℃条件下培养18小时。所谓的最小抑制浓度MIC是指抗菌物质在琼脂上抑制可见的微生物增长的最低浓度。
结果
抗菌活性:大环内酯类敏感和耐药的酿脓链球菌(MIC试验)
注:HL是高水平抵抗力。
抗菌活性:大环内酯类敏感和耐药的肺炎链球菌(MIC试验)
注:HL是高水平抵抗力。
Claims (8)
1.式-Ⅰ的酮内酯类化合物和其药学上可接受的盐:
其中
X为CH或者N。
2.如权利要求1所述的酮内酯类化合物,包括:
(11S,21R)-3-脱克拉定糖基-11,12-双脱氧-6-O-甲基-3-氧代-12,11-{氧羰基-[E-氨基-(2-(吡啶-2-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-基-甲基)氧代-亚氨基-亚甲基]}-红霉素A;和
(11S,21R)-3-脱克拉定糖基-11,12-双脱氧-6-O-甲基-3-氧代-12,11-{氧羰基-[E-氨基-(2-(嘧啶-2-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-基-甲基)氧代-亚氨基-亚甲基]}-红霉素A。
3.一种药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的权利要求1所述的式-I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或者稀释剂。
4.一种药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的权利要求2所述的化合物,以及药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或者稀释剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的式-I化合物在制备治疗或者预防细菌感染的药物中的应用。
6.如权利要求2所述的化合物在制备治疗或者预防细菌感染的药物中的应用。
7.如权利要求3所述的组合物在制备治疗或者预防细菌感染的药物中的应用。
8.如权利要求4所述的组合物在制备治疗或者预防细菌感染的药物中的应用。
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AU2010252641B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
MX2011012614A (es) | 2012-02-22 |
BRPI1011959A2 (pt) | 2016-04-26 |
US20120142710A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
CN102459296A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
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