CN102449714A - 密闭湿式电解电容器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种密闭湿式电解电容器包括密闭壳体、阴极、阳极、以及位于阳极和阴极之间用于在阳极和阴极之间提供电绝缘的绝缘体。电解溶液布置于密闭壳体内。第一端子电连接至阳极,并且第二端子电连接至阴极。阴极包括金属基板,所述金属基板具有由贵金属形成的合金层、以及具有电化学地沉积于其上的贵金属/基础金属电极元件层。电解溶液的导电率是在10至60mS/cm之间。该电容器可用于植入设备中。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2009年4月16日申请的美国临时申请序列号No.61/169,764的权益,并且该美国申请如同完全阐述一样通过参考结合于此。
技术领域
本申请涉及电容器,并且更具体地涉及一种适合用于医学应用场合(比如植入型心律转复除颤器,implantable cardioverter defibrillator)中的电容器。
背景技术
电容器广泛地用于电子应用场合中。某些应用场合需要一种能快速充电至预定电压、并且一旦充电后就能输送较大脉冲能量的电容器。这种应用的一个示例是植入型设备。在这种应用中,很重要的是电容器的尺寸紧凑且高度可靠。
因而,需要一种适合于用于比如植入型心律转复除颤器之类的应用场合中的电容器,其中以较小尺寸来提供可靠性和所需性能。
发明内容
因此,本发明的基本目标、特点或优点是针对现有技术进行的改进。
本发明的又一目标、特点或优点是提供一种适合用于植入型设备中的电容器。
本发明的再一目标、特点或优点是提供一种电容器,其能快速充电至预定电压、并且一旦充电后就能输送足够的能量脉冲,以在使用于植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)中时恢复患者心脏的正常功能。
本发明的另一目标、特点或优点是提供一种电容器,其被有效地构造和成形为装配入ICD内的可用的有限容积。
本发明的又一目标、特点或优点是提供一种具有高性能和高度可靠性的电容器。
本发明的这些和/或其他目标、特点或优点中的一个或多个将从下面的说明书和权利要求中显现。
根据本发明的一个方面,本发明提供了一种密闭湿式(hermeticallysealed wet)电解电容器。该电容器具有密闭壳体,其包围着阴极、阳极、位于阳极和阴极之间的绝缘体、以及电解溶液。第一端子电连接至阳极,并且第二端子电连接至阴极。这种密闭湿式电解电容器能提供等于至少80%的存储能量的能量脉冲输送。
根据本发明的另一个方面,电容器的阴极包括金属基板,所述金属基板具有由贵金属形成的合金层、以及具有电化学地沉积于其上的贵金属/基础金属电极元件层,并且电解溶液的导电率是在10至60mS/cm之间。
根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明提供了一种制造电容器的方法。该方法包括密闭着壳体,其包含有导电率在10和60mS/cm之间的电解溶液。该方法还包括将第一端子电连接至阳极,所述阳极与阴极绝缘。该方法还包括将第二端子电连接至阴极。阴极由金属基板形成,所述金属基板具有由贵金属形成的合金层、以及具有电化学地沉积于其上的贵金属/基础金属电极元件层。
附图说明
图1示出密闭湿式电解电容器的一个实施例。
图2示出放置于植入型心律转复除颤器中的图1所示的电容器。
具体实施方式
现在将针对具体实施例描述本发明。所示仅是为了图示和示例的目的,并且本领域技术人员将理解到,本发明预期可具有其他选项、替代或变化。
图1示出本发明的电容器10的一个实施例。尽管示出为半圆形,但是电容器10不是必须具有这种形状。这种具体形状仅是示例。在图1中,示出了密闭湿式电解电容器10。所述电容器10具有密闭的壳体12。电容器10具有阴极18和阳极16。阳极16的一个示例性设计是可包括钠还原电容器级的钽粉末,其被压实成5.0和7.0克/立方厘米之间的压坯密度、然后在1450℃和1650℃之间进行真空烧结。粉末、压实和烧结的条件可以变化,以获得所必要的电容值。阳极的形成应当是处于能维持需要的氧化物厚度所必须的电压的电解质中。
绝缘体14(优选地但非必须地,包括一层或多层聚合材料)被定位于阳极16和阴极18之间,以将阳极16和阴极18电绝缘开。电解溶液22放置于密闭壳体12内,并且包围着阴极18和阳极16这两者。电解溶液22优选地包括凝胶,所述凝胶包括去离子水、有机酸、无机酸以及有机溶剂。电解溶液22的构成成分可以不同的浓度进行混合,以提供处于10和60mS/cm之间的优选范围内的导电性。这种电解溶液22的一种示例将是:
65-80%的去离子水
0.2-0.6%的磷酸
15-30%的乙二醇
3-6%的草酸
2-4%的硼酸
阴极18由金属基板20形成,金属基板20具有由贵金属形成的合金层24和具有从金属盐溶液中电化学地沉积于合金表面上的贵金属/基础金属(base metal)电极元件层26。阴极18的一个示例性设计可以是Pd与电化学地沉积于Ti-Pd合金上的Cu的混合物。为了增加阴极18至合金基板的粘着性,初始的Pd-Cu平滑膜可作为定位焊层(tacking layer)进行电沉积。粗糙的高表面积区域层然后能沉积于定位焊层的顶部上,以获得高电容值的阴极18。
阴极18的金属基板20能由阀用金属(valve metal)形成。这种阀用金属的示例包括钽、铌、铪、钒、锆、钛或它们的任何合金。金属基板20可具有任何数量的形状或构造,包括平状或圆柱形的形状。金属基板20可以是任何适合形状的衬垫,并且可呈现为电容器壳体12的一部分。阴极18的这种构造会产生有助于将存储于电容器10中的能量有效地输送至负载的高阴极电容。
第一端子30示出为延伸穿过间隔件32。第一端子30电连接至阳极16。第二端子36电连接至阴极18。
图2示出植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)设备40的一个实施例。所述设备40包括图1的电容器10(其具有第一端子30和第二端子36),以及电结合至电容器10的控制电路42、检测器43和电池44。电容器10被构造为在第一端子30和第二端子36之间提供至少80%(但是优选大于87%)的存储能量的脉冲输送。检测器43监控着患者的状况,并且将这个患者数据提供给控制电路42。控制电路42监控着来自检测器的信息,并且检测异常或紧急状况(其可定义为一个或多个预定参数已经超过一个或多个的预定阈值)。
举例来说,检测器43可检测患者心脏中的心电活动,并将这个数据发送至控制电路42。控制电路42监控这个心电活动,并且如果其下落到某一电平以下,或者如果心电活动变得不规则(就像心律不齐时发生的那样),就启动电击的输送。
电池44可用来给电容器10充电以及驱动ICD设备。电容器10的充电可以是恒定的(以抵消充电泄漏的作用),以使得电容器10一直准备好进行放电;也可以是周期性的(即以预定间隔充电,以保持电容器10的充电能级高于预定阈值);或者可以是按需性的,以使得在检测到异常的开始时,电池44用来在那时给电容器充电。
在ICD设备40的应用场合当中,当ICD设备40的控制电路42检测到患者的异常或紧急状况时,电容器10执行将电击治疗传送至患者心脏的功能。电容器10允许电容器能够提供快速充电至预定电压,并且在此后输送一个或多个的足够能量脉冲,以恢复患者心脏的正常功能。
如图1所示的电容器10在本质上是高效的且高度紧凑的,以使得电容器10被构造和成形为装配到ICD设备40内的有效容积中。优选地,电容器10的尺寸是1.5-3.0立方厘米,并且包括如图1所示地半月形状(尽管这不应当视为是对本发明的限制)。电容器10能遵照任何尺寸和形状,以符合其将植入的人体所需要的具体构造。
为了有利于ICD设备40的应用,电容器10能在需要时供应至少9焦耳(但是优选地12焦耳)的能量。所输送的能量实际上由控制电路42确定。
上述已经描述了密闭湿式电解电容器。本发明并不限于这里所示或所述的具体实施例,因为本发明预期到对于本领域技术人员而言电容器尺寸和形状的变化、所使用材料的变化、以及其他变化、替代和选项将是很显然的。
Claims (17)
1.一种密闭湿式电解电容器,其包括:
密闭壳体;
具有第一端子的阴极;
具有第二端子的阳极;
位于阳极和阴极之间、用于在阳极和阴极之间提供电绝缘的绝缘体;以及
布置于密闭壳体内的电解溶液;
其中该密闭湿式电解电容器适合于在第一端子和第二端子之间输送至少80%的存储能量。
2.根据权利要求1的密闭湿式电解电容器,其中阴极包括金属基板,所述金属基板具有由贵金属形成的合金层、以及具有电化学地沉积于其上的贵金属/基础金属电极元件层。
3.根据权利要求2的密闭湿式电解电容器,其中金属基板包括阀用金属。
4.根据权利要求3的密闭湿式电解电容器,其中金属基板包括钽、铌、铪、锆、钛或其合金。
5.根据权利要求1的密闭湿式电解电容器,其中电解溶液的导电率是在10至60mS/cm之间。
6.根据权利要求5的密闭湿式电解电容器,其中电解溶液包括水、无机酸(磷酸或硼酸)、有机酸(草酸)以及有机溶剂。
7.一种植入设备,其包括根据权利要求1的密闭湿式电解电容器。
8.一种植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD),其包括根据权利要求1的密闭湿式电解电容器。
9.一种植入设备,其包括:
电池;
结合至电池的处理器;以及
结合至电池和处理器的电容器,其包括:
密闭壳体;
具有第一端子的阴极;
具有第二端子的阳极;
位于阳极和阴极之间的绝缘体,其在阳极和阴极之间提供电绝缘;以及
布置于密闭壳体内的、导电率在10和60mS/cm之间的电解溶液;
其中阴极包括金属基板,所述金属基板具有由贵金属形成的合金层、以及具有电化学地沉积于其上的贵金属/基础金属电极元件层;并且
该电容器从而适合于在单次放电中在所述第一端子和第二端子之间提供至少80%的存储能量。
10.根据权利要求9的密闭湿式电解电容器,其中金属基板包括阀用金属。
11.根据权利要求10的密闭湿式电解电容器,其中金属基板包括钽、铌、铪、锆、钛或其合金。
12.根据权利要求9的密闭湿式电解电容器,其中电解溶液包括水、无机酸(磷酸或硼酸)、有机酸(草酸)以及有机溶剂。
13.根据权利要求9的密闭湿式电解电容器,其适于将至少80%、优选地大于87%的存储能量脉冲输送至第一端子和第二端子。
14.一种植入设备,其包括根据权利要求9的密闭湿式电解电容器。
15.一种植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD),其包括根据权利要求9的密闭湿式电解电容器。
16.一种制造电容器的方法,其包括:
密闭着壳体,其中电解溶液放置于所述壳体中,所述电解溶液的导电率是在10至60mS/cm之间;
将第一端子电连接至阳极,所述阳极与阴极绝缘;并且
将第二端子电连接至阴极,所述阴极包括金属基板,所述金属基板具有由贵金属形成的合金层、以及具有电化学地沉积于其上的贵金属/基础金属电极元件层。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,还包括通过将水、无机酸和有机酸以及有机溶剂相混合来制备电解溶液。
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US16976409P | 2009-04-16 | 2009-04-16 | |
US61/169,764 | 2009-04-16 | ||
PCT/US2010/031223 WO2010121018A2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-04-15 | Hermetically sealed wet electrolytic capacitor |
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CN102449714A true CN102449714A (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
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EP (1) | EP2419911B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5758379B2 (zh) |
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TWI540604B (zh) | 2016-07-01 |
HK1170597A1 (zh) | 2013-03-01 |
KR101299739B1 (ko) | 2013-08-23 |
EP2419911A2 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
US20170194099A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
IL231343A0 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
US20100268292A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
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WO2010121018A2 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
IL215766A0 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
TW201108270A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
IL215766A (en) | 2015-09-24 |
CN102449714B (zh) | 2015-07-08 |
US10522298B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
IL231343B (en) | 2019-02-28 |
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EP2419911B1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
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