CN102443039A - N-取代氨基苯基-14β-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇衍生物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
N-取代氨基苯基-14β-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇衍生物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102443039A CN102443039A CN2010105075699A CN201010507569A CN102443039A CN 102443039 A CN102443039 A CN 102443039A CN 2010105075699 A CN2010105075699 A CN 2010105075699A CN 201010507569 A CN201010507569 A CN 201010507569A CN 102443039 A CN102443039 A CN 102443039A
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- Prior art keywords
- tripterygium
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- compound
- acceptable salt
- lactone derivative
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- -1 N-substituted amino Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- PUJWFVBVNFXCHZ-SQEQANQOSA-N Tripdiolide Chemical class O=C1OCC([C@@H]2C3)=C1[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@]12O[C@H]1[C@@H]1O[C@]1(C(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@]21[C@H]3O1 PUJWFVBVNFXCHZ-SQEQANQOSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 241000545405 Tripterygium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- DFBIRQPKNDILPW-CIVMWXNOSA-N Triptolide Chemical compound O=C1OCC([C@@H]2C3)=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@]12O[C@H]1[C@@H]1O[C@]1(C(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@]21[C@H]3O1 DFBIRQPKNDILPW-CIVMWXNOSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YKUJZZHGTWVWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triptolide Natural products COC12CC3OC3(C(C)C)C(O)C14OC4CC5C6=C(CCC25C)C(=O)OC6 YKUJZZHGTWVWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种通式(II-6)所示的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐、其制备方法、其药物组合物、以及其在制备治疗肿瘤,特别是卵巢癌或前列腺癌的药物中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体而言,涉及一类雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐、其制备方法以及其在制备用于治疗肿瘤,特别是生殖系统肿瘤的药物中的应用。
背景技术
雷公藤,俗名断肠草,系卫矛科(Celastraceae)雷公藤属木质藤本植物,是我国具有的资源比较丰富的一种植物。雷公藤属(Tripterygium)植物有四种,即雷公藤(Tripterygiumwilfordii Hook f.)、昆明山海棠(Tripterygium hypoglaucum Levl.Hutch)、东北雷公藤(黑蔓)(Tripterygium regelii Sprague et Takeda)和苍山雷公藤(Tripterygium forretii Dicls),在我国均有分布。雷公藤最早收载于《神龙本草经》,其主要化学成分有二萜、三萜、倍半萜、生物碱等,至今已从雷公藤属植物中分离出化合物近200种。近二十年来的研究表明它具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、免疫抑制、抗生育、抗菌等多种活性。
雷公藤植物在民间用于治疗肿瘤已有多年历史,其中活性成分之一是雷公藤内酯醇。雷公藤内酯醇除了已得到广泛的抗肿瘤作用研究外,还曾经进入临床试验,用于治疗白血病,但雷公藤内酯醇较大的毒副作用,过于狭窄的治疗窗口,限制了其在临床中应用。以往对雷公藤内酯醇的结构改造大多局限在水溶性基团的引进上,主体结构上并无根本性改动。当这类前药进入体内后,通过水解或代谢后仍然转变为雷公藤内酯醇在体内发挥药效作用,这就决定了它们不可能从根本上改善雷公藤内酯醇的毒副作用。因此,药物化学家们一直期望能将雷公藤内酯醇能改造为具有良好水溶性、高活性、低毒性的抗肿瘤候选药物。
发明内容
本发明人通过对雷公藤内酯醇构效关系的深入研究,对其结构进行了不同于现有技术的改造和修饰,获得了一批新型结构的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物,主要是在C14位引入一系列带有含氨基苯胺类小分子侧链,而且还将以往认为是活性必需基团的C14β-OH改造为C14α-OH,从而得到了一系列衍生物,并提供了该类衍生物的制备方法。体外生殖系统肿瘤抑制实验表明该类衍生物具有良好的抗癌活性,能有效地抑制生殖系统肿瘤细胞的增殖。而且由于苯胺类小分子侧链的引入,使得该类衍生物很容易与酸形成各类盐,这将大幅度提高该类衍生物的水溶性。
本发明的一个目的是提供一类如通式(II-6)所示的新型雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种所述雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种治疗肿瘤的药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的一种或多种所述雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明的再一目的在于提供所述雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗肿瘤,特别是生殖系统肿瘤,尤其是卵巢癌或前列腺癌的药物中的用途。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了以下通式(II-6)所示的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中,
R1表示NH2或者NHCOCH3;
由一个R1取代的苯基A非必须地被一个或多个取代基所取代,所述取代基为Br、R、CF3、-NO2、-CN、-NH2、-NHR、-NRR′、-NHCOR、-NHCONHR、-NHCONRR′、-NHCO(CH2)nNH2、-NHSO2R、-OH、-OR、-OCOR、-OCO(CH2)nNH2、-OCONHR、-OCONRR′、-OSO2R、-COR、-CONHR、-CONRR′、-CO(CH2)nNH2、-SO2NH2、-SO2NHR、-SO2NRR′、或-S(O)eR,其中n为0-6的整数,e为0、1、2或者3;优选地,R1为单个取代基;
R2、R3各自独立地为H、C1-C10直链或支链烷基、C2-C10直链或支链烯基、C3-C10环烷基、-COR、或-S(O)iR,其中i为1或2;优选地,R2和R3同时为H或者R2和R3中一个为H而另一个不为H;
其中,R、R′为相同或不同的C1-C10直链或支链烷基、C2-C10直链或支链烯基、C3-C10环烷基、苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡啶基、或吡咯基;优选地,R、R′为相同或不同的C1-C4直链或支链烷基、C2-C4直链或支链烯基、C3-C5环烷基、苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡啶基、或吡咯基。
更优选地,本发明所述的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐为:
(6-1)(14S)-14β-N-(2′-氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-204)
(6-2)(14S)-14β-N-(3′-氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-205)
(6-3)(14S)-14β-N-(4′-氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-206)
(6-4)(14S)-14β-N-(4′-乙酰氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-207)
(6-5)(14S)-14β-N-(4′-乙酰氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇盐酸盐(LLDT-226)
如反应流程式(II-6)所示,本发明提供了通式(II-6)所示雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物的制备方法,该方法按如下步骤进行:
反应流程式(II-6)
(1)以雷公藤内酯酮LLDT-1为起始物,在非质子极性溶剂中,利用氯甲基二甲基异丙氧基硅烷与镁反应生成格氏试剂后进攻雷公藤内酯醇的C14位羰基得到化合物(2),
(2)步骤(1)所得粗产品可不经过分离,直接在双氧水的氧化作用下生成双羟基化合物(3);
(3)将化合物(3)在氧化剂的作用下氧化为化合物(4);
(4)将化合物(4)与苯胺类化合物在三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠的作用下,发生还原胺化反应,生成通式(II-6-i)所示的化合物,其中,苯胺类化合物由一个R1所取代的苯基A非必须地被一个或多个取代基所取代,所述取代基为Br、R、CF3、-NO2、-CN、-NH2、-NHR、-NRR′、-NHCOR、-NHCONHR、-NHCONRR′、-NHCO(CH2)nNH2、-NHSO2R、-OH、-OR、-OCOR、-OCO(CH2)nNH2、-OCONHR、-OCONRR′、-OSO2R、-COR、-CONHR、-CONRR′、-CO(CH2)nNH2、-SO2NH2、-SO2NHR、-SO2NRR′、或-S(O)eR,其中n为0-6的整数,e为0、1、2或者3,R、R′与通式(II-6)所定义相同;
(5)非必须地,在碱性条件下,通式(II-6-i)所示的化合物和试剂W-R2和W-R3发生亲核取代反应生成通式(II-6-ii)所示的化合物,其中,W表示Cl或者Br;
R1与通式(II-6)所定义相同,R2和R3除不为H外与通式(II-6)所定义相同,
所述非质子极性溶剂选自二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃和二氧六环乙二醇双甲醚中的一种或多种;
所述氧化剂选自二水合重铬酸钠、重铬酸钾、三氧化铬、重铬酸吡啶盐、氯铬酸吡啶盐、四氧化钌、硝酸铈铵、三氧化铬二吡啶盐和TEMPO-三氯异氰尿酸复合试剂中的一种或多种(其中,TEMPO为2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基);
所述碱性条件所使用的碱可以选自咪唑、三乙胺、吡啶、碳酸钾、正丁基锂、碳酸钠、NaH和KH中的一种或多种。
所述“药学上可接受的盐”为分子中的苯胺基团与盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硫酸氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠等无机酸形成的盐或者与甲酸、乙酸、苦味酸、甲磺酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸等有机酸形成的盐。
本发明还提供了通式(II-6)所示的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐或水合物在制备用于治疗人体生殖系统肿瘤的药物中的应用,其中,所诉雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐或水合物以0.001-30mg/kg的量被使用。
在根据本发明的药物组合物中,所述雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐或水合物的含量为0.001~99.9wt%。
本发明的药物组合物的剂型可以为经胃肠道给药的剂型或非经胃肠道给药剂型。所述经胃肠道给药的剂型可以为溶液剂、乳剂、片剂、胶囊剂等。所述的非胃肠道给药剂量可以为注射剂,包括静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射、皮内注射等注射途径;经皮肤给药,如外用洗剂、软膏剂、贴剂等;经粘膜给药,如舌下、鼻腔、直肠、阴道、耳道等。
本发明的药物组合物的活性组分雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐或水合物可以被单一用药,也可以与其它抗肿瘤药物联合治疗。因此,本发明的药物组合物可以进一步包括一种或多种其它抗肿瘤药物,所述抗肿瘤药物为影响肿瘤细胞核酸生物合成的药物;直接破坏肿瘤细胞DNA阻止其复制的药物;嵌入肿瘤细胞DNA中干扰转录过程的药物;干扰有丝分裂影响肿瘤细胞蛋白质合成的药物;或通过抑制环氧化酶(COX-2)产生抗肿瘤作用的药物。其中,所述影响肿瘤细胞核酸生物合成的药物可以为5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fluorouracil)、巯嘌呤(6-Mercaptopurine)、甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate)、阿糖胞苷(Cytarabine)和羟基脲(Hydroxyurea)等;所述直接破坏肿瘤细胞DNA阻止其复制的药物可以为氮芥(Chlormethine Hydrochloride)、环磷酰胺(Cytoxam)、噻替派(Thiotepa)、白消安(Busulfan)、丝裂霉素C(Mitomycin C)、博来霉素(Bleomycin)、顺铂(Cisplatin)、奥马铂(OP)、草酸铂(Oxaloplatin)、DWA2114R、CI-973、洛铂(Lobaplatin)、喜树碱(Camptothecin)、依托泊苷(Etoposide)等;所述嵌入肿瘤细胞DNA中干扰转录过程的药物可以为放线菌素D(Actinomycin D)、阿霉素(ADM)、依达比星(Idarubicin)以及丝裂蒽醌(NVT)、安丫啶(mAMSA)等;所述干扰有丝分裂影响肿瘤细胞蛋白质合成的药物可以为如长春碱(VLB)和长春新碱(VCR)、碳长春碱(VRB)、紫杉醇(Taxol)、紫杉特尔(Taxotere)、L-门冬酰胺酶(L-asparaginase)或三尖杉酯碱(Harringtonine)等;所述通过抑制环氧化酶(COX-2)产生抗肿瘤作用的药物可以为阿司匹林(Aspirin)、吲哚美辛(Indomethaein)、布洛芬(SpansuleCapsulae Ibuprofeni)、尼美舒利(Nimesulide)、塞来昔布(Celecoxib)、罗非昔布(Rofecoxib);所述抑制肿瘤新血管生成的药物可以为小分子化合物舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)、雷帕霉素(rapamycin)以及抗体阿瓦斯汀(bevacizumab)等;所述血管破坏药物可以为考布他汀(combretastatin A4)、二甲苯吡酸(5,6-Dimethylxanthenoneacetic acid,DMXAA)等;所述酪氨酸激酶抑制剂可以为小分子化合物伊马替尼(imatinib)、埃罗替尼(erlotinib)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)以及抗体爱必妥(cetuximab)、赫赛汀(trastuzumab)等抗肿瘤药物。
药物联合治疗时,雷公藤内酯醇衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐或水合物与其它化疗药物可以是同时给药、可以是序贯给药,也可以是分开给药。
本发明还提供了上述药物组合物在制备用于治疗肿瘤、以及与肿瘤相关的疾病的药物中的应用,其中,药物活性组分以0.001~30mg/kg的量被使用。
本发明的药物组合物可以用于治疗患有肿瘤等增生性疾病的温血动物,所述“肿瘤”包括良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤:良性肿瘤主要有纤维瘤、脂肪瘤、血管瘤等;恶性肿瘤主要包括由上皮组织发生的恶性肿瘤如鳞状上皮癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌等,由中胚层组织发生的恶性肿瘤如纤维肉瘤、骨肉瘤、淋巴肉瘤、神经胶质瘤等,以及由胚胎细胞、神经细胞或未成熟组织发生的恶性肿瘤和由造血细胞发生的恶性肿瘤等。尤其用于治疗对传统细胞毒药物如阿霉素、紫杉醇、多西他赛、长春瑞滨等具有抗药性的肿瘤,特别是由P-170糖蛋白介导的具有多药抗药性的肿瘤。所述“温血动物”包括人和其它动物,如啮齿类动物和哺乳类动物。所述“增生性疾病”的含义包括肿瘤、不典型增生,但不局限于肿瘤和不典型增生。
本发明的药物组合物还可以用于与肿瘤相关的疾病,包括前列腺癌、人卵巢癌、胃癌、粒细胞性白血病、结肠癌、乳腺癌、P-170糖蛋白介导的具有多药抗药性的肿瘤如阿霉素抗药的乳腺癌等肿瘤疾病。
优选地,本发明的药物组合物用于治疗前列腺癌和卵巢癌。
有益效果
本申请与申请人先前提交的申请(申请号:200910048699.8)的区别在于,C14上的取代基结构不同,在C14位上引入了含氨基或乙酰胺基苯胺类小分子侧链,使得化合物很容易和各种无机酸以及有机酸成盐,这将大大提高化合物的水溶性。药效实验方面,LLDT-204、LLDT-205、LLDT-206、LLDT-207和LLDT-226都表现出更加强效的细胞毒性。
本发明合成了高效、低毒的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物,使其能够实际地用于肿瘤疾病的治疗。体外药效结果显示,LLDT-204、LLDT-205、LLDT-206和LLDT-207虽然将以往认为是活性必需基团的C14β-OH改为C14α-OH,却仍然表现出非常强的抗肿瘤作用,这无疑为结构改造的方向提供了更大的发展空间,因此使得本发明的药物组合具有更加良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明进行进一步阐述,但这些实施例绝不是对本发明的任何限制,本发明的范围由权利要求决定。
制备实施例
所用仪器及主要实验材料如下:
BrukerAM-400型和Varian Mercury plus-400型核磁共振仪,MAT-711和MAT-95型质谱仪,H及200-300目柱层析硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂),HSGF254TLC板(烟台市化工研究院)。
起始原料:雷公藤内酯酮(LLDT-1)用文献[1]中描述的方法制备。
文献[1]:Zhou,B.;Li,X.M.;Feng H.J.;Li,Y.C.Tetrahedron 2010,66,5396。
制备实施例1化合物(3)
在氩气保护下将50mL无水四氢呋喃加入放有镁屑(900mg,37.5mmol)的反应瓶中,将氯甲基二甲基异丙氧基硅烷(6mL)经恒压滴液漏斗滴加到反应体系中。加毕该暗灰色反应体系在50℃下搅拌30min,即制备好了格式试剂。将这制备好的格式试剂逐滴加入已溶解于100mL干燥四氢呋喃的雷公藤内酯酮(LLDT-1)(3g,8.4mmol)中。室温下反应1.5h后停止反应,反应体系用饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩后即得到粗产品化合物(2)。不经进一步的纯化,将化合物(2)溶于50mL甲醇和80mL四氢呋喃中,加入KHCO3(3.5g)、KF(3.9g)和30%的双氧水(10mL),反应3小时后加入10ml饱和的亚硫酸氢钠溶液,将有机溶剂减压蒸干,加入乙酸乙酯和饱和食盐水萃取,有机层用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩后的粗产品经柱层析纯化(洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯∶环己烷=1∶2)得到白色固体化合物(3)(2.28g,产率:70%)。
化合物3:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ4.67(s,2H),4.26(d,J=11.8Hz,1H),3.87-3.80(m,2H),3.64(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),3.46(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),2.76-2.64(m,1H),2.45(sept.,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.37-2.25(m,1H),2.23-2.04(m,2H),1.89(t,J=14.1Hz,1H),1.55(dd,J=12.6,5.2Hz,1H),1.25-1.13(m,1H),1.07(s,3H),0.91(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.89(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ173.2(C),160.2(C),125.4(C),74.4(C),70.0(CH2),67.5(C),65.3(C),65.2(CH2),65.0(C),56.5(CH),56.1(CH),54.4(CH),40.3(CH),36.0(C),30.1(CH2),25.5(CH),23.4(CH2),20.9(CH3),18.6(CH3),17.1(CH2),13.7(CH3);IR(KBr)3415,3361,2966,2927,2875,1755,1724,1672,1439,1074,1018cm-1;MS(EI,70eV)m/z(%)391([M+1]+,2),372(1),71(100);HRMS(EI)calcd.for C21H27O7(M+H)+391.1757,found 391.1752.Anal.(C21H26O7)C,H.
制备实施例2化合物(4)
将化合物3(420mg,1.08mmol)溶于15mL二氯甲烷溶剂中,于0℃加入三氯异氰尿酸(376mg,1.62mmol),之后加入TEMPO(16mg,0.108mmol)并迅速用TLC检测,反应完全加入碳酸钠溶液淬灭反应并调节pH值至中性,用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相分别用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩,柱层析分离纯化得到白色固体化合物4(340mg,0.87mmol,产率:81%)。
化合物4:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ10.03(s,1H),4.76-4.59(m,2H),3.97(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),3.91(s,1H),3.75(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),3.60(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),2.79-2.67(m,1H),2.38-2.26(m,1H),1.87(dd,J=14.7,13.6Hz,1H),1.58(dd,J=12.6,4.0Hz,1H),1.03(s,3H),0.83(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.79(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ198.3,173.2,160.1,125.4,81.7,69.9,65.9,65.5,62.1,56.3,55.8,54.0,40.4,36.0,30.2,26.6,23.3,19.8,17.3,17.1,13.6;IR vmax(KBr)3448,2968,2933,2875,2254,1747,1728,1674cm-1;MS(EI,70eV)m/z(%)389([M+1]+,4),388(M+,1),371(2),343(6),327(52),299(88),71(100).
制备实施例3(14S)-14β-N-(2′-氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-204)
将化合物4(39mg,0.1mmol)溶于4mL乙腈溶剂中,加入邻氨基苯胺(10.8mg,0.1mmol),室温搅拌0.5h,之后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(42mg,0.2mmol),室温下反应4h之后,停止反应,将大部分溶剂减压蒸出,残留物加水稀释后用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相分别用水及饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩,柱层析分离纯化得到白色固体化合物(14S)-14β-N-(2′-氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-204)(38.4mg,产率:80%)。
LLDT-204:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ6.81-6.71(m,4H),4.66(m,2H),3.90-3.81(m,3H),3.49(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),3.38(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.71(m,1H),2.49(sept,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.32-2.03(m,3H),1.87(t,J=14.4Hz,1H),1.55(dd,J=12.4,4.8Hz,1H),1.25-1.14(m,1H),1.06(s,3H),0.97(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.90(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ173.3,160.5,136.0,135.9,125.2,120.8,120.0,116.3,114.1,73.4,69.9,68.2,65.2,64.5,56.0,55.7,54.4,49.3,40.3,36.0,29.9,25.5,23.3,21.2,18.7,17.1,13.6;MS(EI,70eV)m/z(%)480(M+,36),121(100);HRMS(EI)C27H32N2O6(M+)计算值:480.2260,实测值:480.2287。
制备实施例4(14S)-14β-N-(3′-氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-205)
将化合物4(39mg,0.1mmol)溶于4mL乙腈溶剂中,加入间氨基苯胺盐酸盐(18.8mg,0.1mmol),室温搅拌0.5h,之后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(42mg,0.2mmol),室温下反应4h之后,停止反应,将大部分溶剂减压蒸出,残留物加水稀释后用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相分别用水及饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩,柱层析分离纯化得到白色固体化合物(14S)-14β-N-(3′-氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-205)(38.4mg,产率:80%)。
LLDT-205:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ6.99(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.19-6.13(m,3H),4.67(s,2H),4.12-3.80(m,6H),3.48-3.41(m,2H),2.70(m,1H),2.49(sept,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.35-2.10(m,3H),1.87(t,J=14.1Hz,1H),1.55(m,1H),1.25-1.14(m,1H),1.08(s,3H),0.98(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.92(d,J=5.7Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ173.3,160.5,149.0,147.5,130.1,125.3,106.8,105.3,101.4,73.2,69.9,68.2,65.2,64.6,56.1,55.7,54.5,50.0,40.3,36.0,29.9,25.6,23.4,21.2,18.8,17.1,13.6;MS(EI,70eV)m/z(%)480(M+,7),121(100);HRMS(EI)C27H32N2O6(M+)计算值:480.2260,实测值:480.2251。
制备实施例5(14S)-14β-N-(4′-氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-206)
将化合物4(39mg,0.1mmol)溶于4mL乙腈溶剂中,加入对氨基苯胺(10.8mg,0.1mmol),室温搅拌0.5h,之后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(42mg,0.2mmol),室温下反应4h之后,停止反应,将大部分溶剂减压蒸出,残留物加水稀释后用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相分别用水及饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩,柱层析分离纯化得到白色固体化合物(14S)-14β-N-(4′-氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-206)(38.4mg,产率:80%)。
LLDT-206:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ6.74-6.59(m,4H),4.66(s,2H),3.87-3.79(m,3H),3.47(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),3.27(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),2.70(m,1H),2.45(sept,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.33-2.10(m,3H),1.89(t,J=14.4Hz,1H),1.57(m,1H),1.25-1.14(m,1H),1.07(s,3H),0.96(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.92(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ173.3,160.5,140.4,139.7,125.2,117.1,117.1,116.4,116.4,72.7,69.9,68.4,65.2,64.6,56.2,55.8,54.5,51.6,40.3,36.0,30.0,25.6,23.4,21.2,18.8,17.1,13.7;MS(EI,70eV)m/z(%)480(M+,3),121(100);HRMS(EI)C27H32N2O6(M+)计算值:480.2260,实测值:480.2258。
制备实施例6(14S)-14β-N-(4′-乙酰氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-207)
将化合物4(39mg,0.1mmol)溶于4mL乙腈溶剂中,加入对乙酰氨基苯胺(15.0mg,0.1mmol),室温搅拌0.5h,之后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(42mg,0.2mmol),室温下反应4h之后,停止反应,将大部分溶剂减压蒸出,残留物加水稀释后用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相分别用水及饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩,柱层析分离纯化得到白色固体化合物(14S)-14β-N-(4′-乙酰氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇(LLDT-207)(41.7mg,产率:80%)。
LLDT-207:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.31(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.21(s,1H),6.72(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.67(s,2H),4.19(brs,1H),3.90-3.81(m,4H),3.49(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),3.40(d,J=13.5Hz,1H),2.76-2.66(m,1H),2.48(sept,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.36-2.11(m,6H),1.88(t,J=13.5Hz,1H),1.55(dd,J=12.3,4.2Hz,1H),1.26-1.13(m,1H),1.09(s,3H),0.98(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.93(d,J=6.6Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ173.3,168.2,160.4,144.9,130.0,125.3,121.9,121.9,115.0,115.0,73.2,69.9,68.2,65.2,64.6,56.1,55.8,54.5,50.5,40.3,36.0,30.0,25.7,24.2,23.4,21.2,18.8,17.1,13.7;MS(EI,70eV)m/z(%)522(M+,20),163(100).
制备实施例7(14S)-14β-N-(4′-乙酰氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇盐酸盐(LLDT-226)
将LLDT-207(40mg)溶于4mL无水乙醚中,往其中通入HCl气体,反应2小时后,过滤得到白色固体(14S)-14βN-(4′-乙酰氨基苯基)-氨甲基表雷公藤内酯醇盐酸盐(LLDT-226)(40mg,产率:93%)。
LLDT-226:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.00(brs,1H),7.70(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.72(brs,1H),4.70(s,2H),4.23-4.17(m,2H),4.05(d,J=14.1Hz,1H),3.93(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),3.76-3.71(m,1H),3.49(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),2.80-2.70(m,2H),2.40-2.10(m,6H),1.98(t,J=13.5Hz,1H),1.87-1.82(m,1H),1.28-1.20(m,1H),1.15(s,3H),0.96(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),0.92(d,J=6.3Hz,3H);MS(EI,70eV)m/z(%)522(M+,20),163(100).
药理实验实施例人体外肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用实验
以下实施例中,受试化合物由本发明化学合成实施例提供。
试剂材料
SK-OV-3人卵巢癌细胞株和PC-3人前列腺癌细胞株购自美国ATCC(American TypeCulture Collection)。
方法
肿瘤细胞用RPMI 1640或DMEM培养基(Gibco)培养,内含10%胎牛血清,培养条件为37℃,5%CO2。肿瘤细胞接种于96-孔板,24小时后,加入受试化合物。每个浓度设三复孔。并设相应浓度的溶媒对照及无细胞调零孔。受试化合物用二甲基亚砜配制成适当浓度,培养基中受试化合物的终浓度为0.0001-100μM;培养基中二甲基亚砜的终浓度不超过0.1%。用受试化合物处理72小时后,弃去培养液,用冷三氯醋酸固定细胞。然后用磺酰罗丹明B(Sulforhodamine B,SRB)溶液染色。洗去未结合SRB后,用Tris溶解与蛋白结合的SRB,用酶标仪在520nm波长下测定OD值,以下列公式计算细胞生长抑制率:
抑制率=(OD值对照孔-OD值给药孔)/OD值对照孔×100%
根据各浓度抑制率,采用Logit法计算半数抑制浓度IC50。
表一、体外培养肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性作用
化合物 | 细胞株 | 肿瘤类型 | IC50(nM) | 细胞株 | 肿瘤类型 | IC50(nM) |
LLDT-204 | SK-OV-3 | 卵巢癌 | 120 | PC-3 | 前列腺癌 | 183 |
LLDT-205 | SK-OV-3 | 卵巢癌 | 30 | PC-3 | 前列腺癌 | 41 |
LLDT-206 | SK-OV-3 | 卵巢癌 | 10 | PC-3 | 前列腺癌 | 36 |
LLDT-207 | SK-OV-3 | 卵巢癌 | 20 | PC-3 | 前列腺癌 | 47 |
LLDT-226 | SK-OV-3 | 卵巢癌 | 22 | PC-3 | 前列腺癌 | 50 |
注:IC50为待测化合物对肿瘤细胞生长抑制达半数50%时的浓度。
根据上述结果,受试化合物对体外培养的肿瘤细胞具有非常明显的细胞毒性,所以本发明的新型雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐或水合物能有效地抑制生殖系统肿瘤的增殖,可以用于制备治疗生殖系统肿瘤疾病的药物。
Claims (10)
1.通式(II-6)所示的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
R1表示NH2或者NHCOCH3;
由一个R1取代的苯基A非必须地被一个或多个取代基所取代,所述取代基为Br、R、CF3、-NO2、-CN、-NH2、-NHR、-NRR′、-NHCOR、-NHCONHR、-NHCONRR′、-NHCO(CH2)nNH2、-NHSO2R、-OH、-OR、-OCOR、-OCO(CH2)nNH2、-OCONHR、-OCONRR′、-OSO2R、-COR、-CONHR、-CONRR′、-CO(CH2)nNH2、-SO2NH2、-SO2NHR、-SO2NRR′、或-S(O)eR,其中n为0-6的整数,e为0、1、2或者3;
R2、R3各自独立地为H、C1-C10直链或支链烷基、C2-C10直链或支链烯基、C3-C10环烷基、-COR、或-S(O)iR,其中i为1或2;
其中,R、R′为相同或不同的C1-C10直链或支链烷基、C2-C10直链或支链烯基、C3-C10环烷基、苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡啶基、或吡咯基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的通式(II-6)所示的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,R2和R3同时为H,或者R2和R3中一个为H而另一个不为H。
4.权利要求1所述通式(II-6)所示的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
反应流程式(II-6)
(1)以雷公藤内酯酮LLDT-1为起始物,在非质子极性溶剂中,利用氯甲基二甲基异丙氧基硅烷与镁反应生成格氏试剂后进攻雷公藤内酯醇的C14位羰基得到化合物(2);
(2)步骤(1)所得粗产品可不经过分离,直接在双氧水的氧化作用下生成双羟基化合物(3);
(3)将化合物(3)在氧化剂的作用下氧化为化合物(4);
(4)将化合物(4)与苯胺类化合物在三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠的作用下,发生还原胺化反应,生成通式(II-6-i)所示的化合物,其中,在苯胺类化合物中,由一个R1所取代的苯基A非必须地被一个或多个取代基所取代,所述取代基为Br、R、CF3、-NO2、-CN、-NH2、-NHR、-NRR′、-NHCOR、-NHCONHR、-NHCONRR′、-NHCO(CH2)nNH2、-NHSO2R、-OH、-OR、-OCOR、-OCO(CH2)nNH2、-OCONHR、-OCONRR′、-OSO2R、-COR、-CONHR、-CONRR′、-CO(CH2)nNH2、-SO2NH2、-SO2NHR、-SO2NRR′、或-S(O)eR,其中n为0-6的整数,e为0、1、2或者3,R、R′与权利要求1所定义相同;
(5)非必须地,在碱性条件下,通式(II-6-i)所示的化合物和试剂W-R2和W-R3发生亲核取代反应生成通式(II-6-ii)所示的化合物,其中,W表示Cl或者Br;
R1与权利要求1所定义相同,R2和R3除不为H外与权利要求1所定义相同。
5.根据权利要求4所述的通式(II-6)所示的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,其中,
所述非质子极性溶剂选自二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃和二氧六环乙二醇双甲醚中的一种或多种;
所述氧化剂选自二水合重铬酸钠、重铬酸钾、三氧化铬、重铬酸吡啶盐、氯铬酸吡啶盐、四氧化钌、硝酸铈铵、三氧化铬二吡啶盐和TEMPO-三氯异氰尿酸复合试剂中的一种或多种;
所述碱性条件所使用的碱可以选自咪唑、三乙胺、吡啶、碳酸钾、正丁基锂、碳酸钠、NaH和KH中的一种或多种。
6.一种用于治疗肿瘤的药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的一种或多种权利要求1所述的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的辅料。
7.权利要求1所述的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗肿瘤的药物中的用途。
8.权利要求1所述的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗生殖系统肿瘤的药物中的用途。
9.权利要求1所述的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗卵巢癌或前列腺癌的药物中的用途。
10.权利要求1所述的雷公藤二萜类内酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗胃癌、粒细胞性白血病、结肠癌、乳腺癌或P-170糖蛋白介导的具有多药抗药性的肿瘤的药物中的用途。
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