CN102441139B - 一种治疗小儿痢疾的中药灌肠剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗小儿痢疾的中药灌肠剂，中医认为痢疾的形成，是因饮食不节，误食不洁之物，酿生湿热或寒湿，气血凝滞，化为脓血所致。故以清热化湿、调气行血为治则。为此，选择海桐、苍术、厚朴、豆蔻、郁金、青皮、黄芪、炙甘草、决明子、连翘。制成灌肠剂，对患者进行保留灌肠，取得了较好的疗效，经我院临床试验，总有效率达到97.0％，而且症状消失平均时间明显短于对照组，值得临床推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药组合物，尤其涉及一种治疗小儿痢疾的中药灌肠剂。
背景技术
痢疾是由痢疾杆菌引起的急性肠道传染病，多发于夏秋季节，通过被污染的食物而传播。传播途径主要是通过病人或带菌者的粪便以及由带菌的苍蝇污染日常用具、餐具、儿童玩具、饮料等传染他人。人群有普遍易感性，儿童感染的机会较成人多，故发病率也较高。婴幼儿患菌痢时，随体温升高，可出现精神萎靡、嗜睡和烦躁，甚至惊厥，排便前每因腹痛而哭闹不安。痢疾症状常不典型，表现为肠功能紊乱，见消化不良性大便，排便时用力或面部胀红提示里急后重。轻者可表现为低热或中等发热、头晕、疲乏无力、食欲不振；严重者可见高热、精神委靡、烦躁，进而面色苍白、四肢厥冷、血压下降，甚至出现口唇与甲床紫绀、持续惊厥、神志昏迷等危象。
小儿痢疾的治疗目前主要以西药抗生素为主，如复方新诺明、痢特灵、庆大霉素等，虽有一定的疗效，但副作用较大，容易产生抗药性；中药治疗虽然副作小，但中药汤剂不适合小儿服用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种使用方法简单，疗效可靠的治疗小儿痢疾的中药灌肠剂。中医认为痢疾的形成，是因饮食不节，误食不洁之物，酿生湿热或寒湿，气血凝滞，化为脓血所致。故以清热化湿、调气行血为治则。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的，该治疗小儿痢疾的中药灌肠剂由以下重量份的中药制成：海桐3-5份、苍术5-7份、厚朴3-5份、豆蔻5-7份、郁金1-3份、青皮3-5份、黄芪4-6份、炙甘草4-6份、决明子7-9份、连翘7-9份。
优选的，该治疗小儿痢疾的中药灌肠剂由以下重量份的中药制成：海桐4份、苍术6份、厚朴4份、豆蔻6份、郁金2份、青皮4份、黄芪5份、炙甘草5份、决明子8份、连翘8份。
将以上中药制成灌肠剂备用。
方中海桐祛风除湿、通络止痛；苍术燥湿健脾，祛风散寒；厚朴行气消积，燥湿除满，降逆平喘；豆蔻化湿消痞，行气温中，开胃消食；郁金行气化瘀，清心解郁；青皮疏肝破气、消积化滞；黄芪益气固表、敛汗固脱、利水消肿；炙甘草补脾和胃，益气复脉；连翘清热解毒，消肿散结，疏散风热，与决明子协同，具有抗菌作用，可抑制伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、白喉杆菌及霍乱弧菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌等。
临床资料
1、一般资料：所选132例患者均来自我院自2006年10月-2007年9月入院的急性细菌性痢疾(普通型)患儿，随机平均分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组66例，其中男35例，女31例，年龄6个半月-11岁，平均5岁；对照组66例，其中男37例，女29例，年龄6个月-10.5岁，平均5.5岁；两组发病情况、性别、年龄、病情等具有可比性，无统计学差异。
2、诊断标准：全部病例均符合1990年8月国家卫生部关于《细菌性痢疾诊断标准》。
3、治疗方法：治疗组采用中药保留灌肠。称取海桐4g、苍术6g、厚朴4g、豆蔻6g、郁金2g、青皮4g、黄芪5g、炙甘草5g、决明子8g、连翘8g。先置于净水浸泡半小时，放入500ml清水煮沸，改文火煎至400ml，静置去其杂质，取上清液300ml，每次取100ml，深部保留灌肠，每次留置1小时以上，每日3次，疗程1周；对照组用西药痢特灵0.1g，黄连素片1片，庆大霉素4万U联合灌肠，疗程1周。两组基础治疗予营养支持，纠正水、电解质失衡，高热者予退热，腹痛剧烈者予解痉止痛等均相同。
4、灌肠方法：灌肠时，将瓶装药液置于水中加温至37℃-39℃，高热患儿不加温。患儿排便后，用50ml注射器抽吸药液接上14-16号一次性导尿管，将前端润滑后，从肛门轻轻插入导管10-15cm，缓慢推注药液完毕，将导管末端抬高，再注入5ml温生理盐水冲洗导管，轻慢拔出导管，用卫生纸在肛门处轻轻按揉1-2min，然后用手轻轻捏住小儿肛门5-10min，尽量使药液在肠道内保持1h以上。对照组采用西药痢特灵0.1g，黄连素片1片，庆大霉素4万U碾碎成粉末溶于50ml生理盐水中，应用时加热至37℃-39℃保留灌肠，方法同上。
5、疗效标准治愈：症状消失，大便性状恢复正常，停药3天后大便连续培养3次呈阴性；好转：症状好转，大便培养阴性；未愈：症状未减轻，大便性状与次数无改善，培养呈阴性。
6、治疗结果治疗一周后统计疗效：治疗组66例，治愈31例(47.0％)，好转33例(50.0％)，未愈2例(3.0％)，总有效率97.0％；对照组66例，治愈24例(36.4％)，好转29例(43.9％)，未愈13例(19.7％)，总有效率80.3％。经统计学处理，两者有显著性差异。
症状消失平均时间：治疗组2.5天，对照组4.6天，两组有显著性差异。
具体实施方式
实施例一：称取海桐4g、苍术6g、厚朴4g、豆蔻6g、郁金2g、青皮4g、黄芪5g、炙甘草5g、决明子8g、连翘8g。先置于净水浸泡半小时，放入500ml清水煮沸，改文火煎至400ml，静置去其杂质，取上清液300ml，每次取100ml，深部保留灌肠，每次留置1小时以上，每日3次，疗程1周。
实施例二：称取海桐3g、苍术7g、厚朴3g、豆蔻7g、郁金1g、青皮5g、黄芪4g、炙甘草6g、决明子7g、连翘9g。先置于净水浸泡半小时，放入500ml清水煮沸，改文火煎至400ml，静置去其杂质，取上清液300ml，每次取100ml，深部保留灌肠，每次留置1小时以上，每日3次，疗程1周。
实施例三：称取海桐5g、苍术5g、厚朴5g、豆蔻5g、郁金3g、青皮3g、黄芪6g、炙甘草4g、决明子9g、连翘7g。先置于净水浸泡半小时，放入500ml清水煮沸，改文火煎至400ml，静置去其杂质，取上清液300ml，每次取100ml，深部保留灌肠，每次留置1小时以上，每日3次，疗程1周。
Claims (1)
1.一种治疗小儿痢疾的中药灌肠剂，其特征在于该治疗小儿痢疾的中药灌肠剂由以下重量份的中药制成：海桐4g、苍术6g、厚朴4g、豆蔻6g、郁金2g、青皮4g、黄芪5g、炙甘草5g、决明子8g、连翘8g。
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