CN102439443A - 快速横向流动的聚糖检测装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
聚糖检测装置,包括样品垫、与所述样品垫连通的膜、标记的凝集素、固定的相同类型的凝集素和固定的对所述凝集素特异的抗体。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2009年3月6日提交的美国临时申请第61/157,933号的优先权,通过引用将其全部内容并入本文。
发明背景
由分泌型基因FUT2编码的半乳糖苷2-α-L-岩藻糖基转移酶2(FUT2)负责α1,2-岩藻糖基化(分泌型)聚糖的合成。非洲、美洲、亚洲和欧洲中大约20-25%的个体缺乏活性FUT2基因,并且因此不能表达分泌型聚糖。
发明概述
本发明的一方面涉及用于检测聚糖的快速横向流动装置。该装置包括样品垫、与所述样品垫连通的膜(例如,硝酸纤维素膜)、凝集素-标记物偶联物、固定的凝集素和固定的抗凝集素抗体。偶联物中的凝集素与固定的凝集素相同。同样,固定的抗体与该凝集素特异结合。用于本装置的合适的凝集素包括但不限于,UEA1、AIA、GSA II、WGA、sWGA、SNA、MAL-II、PWA、SJA、LEA和I-PHA。固定的凝集素和固定的抗凝集素抗体位于膜的第一区域和第二区域上,所述第一区域和第二区域不重叠。所述偶联物位于样品垫和固定的凝集素或固定的抗凝集素抗体之间。在一个实例中,以这样的顺序组织这四种组分;样品垫、偶联物、固定的凝集素和固定的抗凝集素抗体。
本发明的装置还可以包括支持构件,其上用于安装所述样品垫和所述膜。该装置还可以包括接收垫(sink pad),其通过所述膜与所述样品垫分开。在一个实例中,将样品垫、膜和接收垫顺序安装在所述支持构件上。
同样在本发明范围内的是利用上述装置鉴定个体中聚糖表达表型的方法。所述方法包括(i)将来自个体的体液(例如唾液)分配于装置中的样品垫中,(ii)检验装置中第一区域和第二区域处的信号,和(iii)基于第一区域和第二区域是否存在信号来确定个体中的聚糖表达表型。当在两个区域处均可检测到信号时,其表明个体表达能与装置中的凝集素结合的聚糖。如果仅在第二区域处可检测到信号,其表明个体不表达该聚糖。当使用含有凝集素UEA1的装置时,(i)在第一区域和第二区域处均检测到信号表明个体是分泌型聚糖阳性的;和(ii)仅在第二区域处检测到信号表明个体是分泌型聚糖阴性的。
以下的描述中将详述本发明的一个或多个实施方案。从以下的附图和实际的实例,以及还从所附的权利要求书中明显可见本发明的其它特征和优点。
附图简要说明
首先描述附图。
图1是用于测定分泌状态的快速横向流动装置的简图。
图2是用于检测唾液中分泌状态的免疫层析试条检测装置的数字图像。
发明的详细描述
本文所公开的是用于在快速诊断检验中确定个体的聚糖表达表型,尤其是分泌型聚糖状况的聚糖检测装置。
如图1所示,本发明的装置包括样品垫100、膜200和任选地接收垫600,所有这些可以顺序安装在支持构件700上。样品垫100与膜200连通。也就是说,置于样品垫上的流体能迁移至膜。如果需要,所述装置还可以包括芯垫(wick pad)310,其被置于膜200之上,用于从样品垫100吸收溢出的流体。
样品垫100、接收垫600和芯垫310均可以由能吸收流体的材料制成,例如滤纸(例如Whatman GF/DVA膜)或海绵。
膜200允许生物分子移动,所述生物分子例如,蛋白质、核酸和多糖。适于制备膜200的材料包括但不限于,硝酸纤维素、尼龙、纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、特氟龙(Teflon)和凯夫拉尔(Kevlar)。薄片或厚片形式的支持构件700可以由(即包含)金属或塑料(例如苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯)制成。
本发明的装置还包括凝集素400、抗凝集素抗体500和凝集素-标记物偶联物300。凝集素400和抗凝集素抗体500两者都是固定的,位于膜200上的两个单独的区域420和520(即区域1和区域2)。位于样品垫100和凝集素400或抗凝集素抗体500之间的凝集素-标记物偶联物300包含与凝集素400相同类型的凝集素和标记物,所述标记物可以是任何可检测的标志物。所述标记物的实例包括但不限于,胶体金、荧光素及其衍生物(例如FITC-荧光素异硫氰酸酯)、罗丹明及其衍生物、绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)及其衍生物、量子点和其它荧光或生色团分子(例如二硝基苯肼)。
凝集素是与特定糖配体具有高特异性的糖结合蛋白。下面的表1列举了适用于本文所描述的装置的示例性的凝集素和它们所结合的糖配体:
表1.示例性的凝集素和它们所结合的糖配体
固定的抗体500能与所述装置中的凝集素结合。术语“抗体”表示包括完整的抗体、诸如Fab和F(ab′)2的抗体结合片段和遗传修饰的抗体,所述遗传修饰的抗体例如scFv抗体、双链抗体和双可变结构域(DVD)Igs。
通过常规方法可以制备本发明中所用的抗凝集素抗体。参见例如Harlow and Lane,(1988)Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual(抗体:实验手册),Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,New York。通常,凝集素可以从其天然来源分离或者通过重组技术产生。为了产生抗凝集素抗体,凝集素(任选与载体蛋白(例如KLH)连接)可以与佐剂混合,并注入宿主动物内。然后可以通过亲和层析纯化动物所产生的抗体。常用的宿主动物包括兔、小鼠、豚鼠和大鼠。可以用来增强免疫应答的各种佐剂取决于宿主类型,并且包括弗氏佐剂(完全和不完全)、诸如氢氧化铝的矿物质凝胶、CpG、诸如溶血卵磷脂的表面活性物质、复合多元醇、聚阴离子、肽、油乳化剂、钥孔虫戚血兰素和二硝基酚。可用的人佐剂包括BCG(卡介苗)和短小棒状杆菌。多克隆抗体,即抗体分子的异质群体,存在于免疫动物的血清中。
利用标准杂交瘤技术可以制备单克隆抗体,即抗体分子的同质群体(参见例如,Kohler et al.5(1975)Nature 256,495;Kohler et al.(1976)Eur.J.Immunol.6,511;Kohler et al.(1976)Eur J Immunol 6,292;和Hammerlinget al.(1981)Monoclonal Antibodies and T Cell Hybridomas(单克隆抗体和T细胞杂交瘤),Elsevier,N.Y.)。具体而言,能通过培养的连续细胞系产生抗体分子的任何技术都可以获得单克隆抗体,例如在Kohler et al.(1975)Nature 256,495和美国专利第4,376,110号;the human B-cell hybridomatechnique(人B细胞杂交瘤技术)(Kosbor et al.(1983)Immunol Today 4,72;Cole et al.(1983)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 80,2026,和the EBV-hybridomatechnique(EBV杂交瘤技术所述)(Cole et al.(1983)Monoclonal Antibodiesand Cancer Therapy,Alan R.Liss,Inc.,pp.77-96)中所述。这类抗体可以是任何免疫球蛋白类型,包括IgG、IgM、IgE、IgA、IgD及其任何亚型。可以在体外或体内培养产生本发明单克隆抗体的杂交瘤。体内产生高滴度的单克隆抗体的能力使其成为特别有用的产生方法。
此外,可以使用用于产生“嵌合抗体”所开发的技术。参见例如,Morrison et al.(1984)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 81,6851;o Neuberger et al.(1984)Nature 312,604和Takeda et al.(1984)Nature 314:452。嵌合抗体是其中不同的部分来源于不同的动物物种的分子,例如具有来源于鼠单克隆抗体的可变区和人免疫球蛋白恒定区的那些抗体。可选地,所述的用于产生单链抗体的技术(美国专利第4,946,778号和第4,704,692号)可适于产生scFv抗体的噬菌体或酵母文库。通过氨基酸桥连接Fv区的重链和轻链片段形成scFv抗体。
此外,可以利用已知的技术产生抗体片段。例如,这类片段包括但不限于,可以通过抗体分子的胃蛋白酶消化而产生的F(ab′)2片段和可以通过还原F(ab′)2片段的二硫键而产生的Fab片段。
可以通过常规方法将凝集素400和抗凝集素抗体500固定在膜200的非重叠的区域1和区域2上。可选地,可以将它们安置在支持构件700与区域1和区域2相应的位置上。如上文所提到的,凝集素-标记物300位于样品垫100和凝集素400或抗凝集素抗体500之间。其可以置于膜200的邻近样品垫100的区域上。可选地,其可以被吸收进垫800(参见图1)中,垫800与样品垫100和膜200均连通。在一个实例中,本发明的装置依次包括样品垫100、凝集素-标记物偶联物300、凝集素400、抗凝集素抗体500和接收垫600。
可将上文所述的装置置于盒内,露出一部分样品垫100和一部分膜200。参见图2。样品垫100的露出部分形成样品孔,并且膜200的露出部分包括区域1和区域2。
本发明的装置可用于检测体液(例如,唾液、乳汁、眼泪、血液、尿、精液、阴道液体、脑脊液、滑液、汗液、初乳或呼吸道液体)中是否存在特定类型的聚糖。待检测的聚糖类型取决于装置中所含有的凝集素的类型。例如,含有UEA1的装置用于检查个体的分泌状态,即个体(例如,人婴儿)是否表达分泌型聚糖。
为了检测体液中的聚糖,将来自流体的样品110(参见图1)分配于样品垫100中,其中所述流体以毛细作用的方式扩散。当样品与膜200接触时,该样品与位于样品垫100和膜200之间的凝集素-标记物偶联物300混合。如果该样品含有能与偶联物300中的凝集素结合的聚糖,则会形成聚糖-偶联物复合物。当沿着膜200移动时,该样品相继分别与区域1和区域2处的固定的凝集素400和固定的抗凝集素抗体500接触。如果所述样品含有上文提到的聚糖-偶联物复合物,那么该复合物将与凝集素400结合,进而在区域1处产生可检测的信号。游离的凝集素-标记物偶联物300与抗体500结合,在区域2处产生可检测的信号。因此,基于区域1或区域2处的信号,可以确定体液中是否存在聚糖。更具体而言,如果在区域1和区域2处均可检测到信号,其表明体液含有聚糖;并且如果在区域2处可检测到信号,其表明体液中不存在聚糖。
应用本发明的装置,可以在15分钟内确定个体的聚糖表达表型。确定个体的聚糖表达表型可用于评价对病原体的易感性或发展为病原体感染的风险,所述病原体例如大肠杆菌(E.coli)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella sp.)、霍乱杆菌(Vibrio cholera)、淋病奈瑟氏菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)、砂眼披衣菌(Clamydia trachomatis)、化脓性链球菌(Streptocococcus pyogenes)、肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilusinfluenza)、结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、粗球孢子菌(Coccidioides immitis)等。参见例如,Blackwell,C,1989,FEMS Microbiology Immunology 47:341-350。因此,本文所述的装置及其应用尤其适用于快速鉴定易患或有风险发展为具有严重的发病率和死亡率的炎性病症和感染性病症的个体,例如,婴儿的坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)、脓毒症和绒毛膜羊膜炎。
下面描述的是利用本文所描述的快速横向流动装置确定婴儿的分泌状态的实例。
在横向流动聚糖检测装置中(参见图1),用浓度为2.5μg/μL的UEA1(400)在区域1(420)处和浓度为5μg/μL的抗UEA1兔抗血清(500)在区域2(520)处使Pierce 0.45μm的硝酸纤维素试条(200)敏化。将UEA1-胶体金(UEA1-Au;300)偶联物分配于偶联物通道(800)中,偶联物通道(800)由Whatman R24膜制成。偶联物通道被样品垫(100)底部覆盖一半,样品垫(100)由Whatman 3号滤纸制成。在顶部,添加芯通道(wick path)(310),以从膜吸收残余的流体。
收集来自婴儿的唾液样品(110),并将每个样品预溶解在含有粘液溶解液(N-乙酰半胱氨酸)的管中。然后将每个样品添加到上文所述装置的样品垫上,并在15分钟以后检验区域1(420)和区域2(520)处是否有颜色条带。如果在区域1和区域2处均可见颜色条带,则所测定的唾液样品为分泌型聚糖阳性。如果仅在区域2处可见颜色条带,则所测定的唾液样品为分泌型聚糖阴性。参见图2。
按照以上所述的方法确定参与本研究的婴儿的分泌状态。数据表明,分泌型聚糖为阴性的婴儿对腹泻是有抵抗力的,而唾液中表达高水平的分泌型聚糖的那些婴儿具有患腹泻的高风险。数据还表明,分泌型为阳性的婴儿患中度至重度腹泻的风险比分泌型为阴性的婴儿患高2.5倍(p=0.02)。经母乳喂养的分泌型为阳性的婴儿,如果他们的母乳含有大量的分泌型聚糖,则他们对腹泻具有显著增强的防御能力。因此,足月儿及其母亲的分泌基因型和唾液表型是婴儿患腹泻风险的生物标志物。
无需进一步的详述,基于以上描述,应当认为,本领域技术人员可以最大程度地利用本发明。以下具体的实施方案因而应被解释为仅为示例性的,而并非以任何方式限制本公开的其它部分。通过引用将本文所引用的所有出版物并入本文。
其它实施方案
可以以任何组合联合本说明书中所公开的所有特征。本说明书中所公开的每一个特征都可以用充当相同、等同或相似目的的备选特征替换。因此,除非文中有其它表述,所公开的每一个特征仅是等同或相似特征的上位概念的实例。
从以上的描述,本领域技术人员容易确定本发明的必要特征,并且在不脱离其实质和范围的条件下,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作出各种改变和修改,以使其适应各种用途和状况。因此,其它实施方案也在权利要求书中。
Claims (19)
1.用于检测聚糖的装置,包括
样品垫,
与所述样品垫连通的膜,
含有第一凝集素和标记物的偶联物,
位于所述膜的第一区域上的固定的第二凝集素,所述第二凝集素与第一凝集素相同,和
固定的对所述凝集素特异的抗体,所述抗体位于所述膜的第二区域上,
其中所述第一区域和所述第二区域是分开的,并且所述偶联物位于所述样品垫和所述第一区域或第二区域之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述膜选自硝酸纤维素膜、尼龙膜、纤维素膜、聚偏氟乙烯膜、聚碳酸酯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚乙烯膜、特氟龙膜和凯夫拉尔膜。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述膜是硝酸纤维素膜。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述凝集素选自UEA1、AIA、GSAII、WGA、sWGA、SNA、MAL-II、PWA、SJA、LEA和I-PHA。
5.如权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述凝集素是UEA1。
6.如权利要求5所述的装置,其中所述膜是硝酸纤维素膜。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述标记物选自胶体金、荧光素、罗丹明、绿色荧光蛋白、量子点和生色团。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置,其中所述标记物是胶体金。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括与所述膜连通的接收垫,其中所述样品垫和所述接收垫被所述膜分开。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括支持构件,在所述支持构件上安装所述样品垫和所述膜。
11.如权利要求10所述的装置,还包括接收垫,其中所述样品垫、所述膜和所述接收垫顺序安装在所述支持构件上。
12.如权利要求11所述的装置,其中所述装置顺序包括样品垫、偶联物、固定的第二凝集素、对所述凝集素特异的抗体和接收垫。
13.如权利要求12所述的装置,其中所述凝集素选自UEA1、AIA、GSA II、WGA、sWGA、SNA、MAL-II、PWA、SJA、LEA和I-PHA。
14.如权利要求13所述的装置,其中所述凝集素是UEA1。
15.如权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述支持构件是塑料的或金属的。
16.如权利要求15所述的装置,其中所述支持构件由苯乙烯制成。
17.鉴定个体中聚糖表达表型的方法,包括:
将来自个体的体液分配于权利要求1所述的装置的样品垫中,
检验所述装置中第一区域和第二区域处的信号,和
基于所述第一区域和第二区域是否存在信号来确定个体中的聚糖表达表型,
其中(i)所述第一区域和第二区域均存在信号表明所述个体表达与权利要求1所述的装置中含有的凝集素特异结合的聚糖和(ii)仅在第二区域处存在信号表明所述个体不表达所述聚糖。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中权利要求1所述的装置中含有的凝集素选自UEA1、AIA、GSA II、WGA、sWGA、5SNA、MAL-II、PWA、SJA、LEA和I-PHA。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述凝集素是UEA1,并且(i)所述第一区域和所述第二区域处均存在信号表明所述个体具有分泌型聚糖阳性表型和(ii)仅在所述第二区域处存在信号表明所述个体具有分泌型聚糖阴性表型。
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CN103884834A (zh) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-06-25 | 西北大学 | 一种用于筛查禽流感和人流感病毒易感人群的检测工具 |
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CN110967487A (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-04-07 | 合生元(广州)健康产品有限公司 | Fut2基因表达产物的检测试剂盒 |
CN110967487B (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-08-21 | 合生元(广州)健康产品有限公司 | Fut2基因表达产物相关聚糖检测试剂盒 |
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US20100279308A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
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