CN102433510B - Iron-based powder metallurgy alloy with high strength and high toughness and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Iron-based powder metallurgy alloy with high strength and high toughness and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an iron-based powder metallurgy alloy with high strength and high toughness and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing diffused alloying powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, high-carbon ferrochromium powder, high-carbon ferromanganese powder, ceria powder, graphite powder and zinc stearate powder for 1 hour in a ball millingmixer, performing pressure molding, sintering for 1 hour at the temperature of between 1,200 and 1,260 DEG C, and thus obtaining the iron-based powder metallurgy alloy. Based on the mass of the diffused alloying powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, the adding amounts of the high-carbon ferrochromium powder, the high-carbon ferromanganese powder, the ceria powder, the graphite powder and the lubricating agent powder are respectively 1 to 5 percent, 1 to 4 percent, 0.1 to 0.8 percent, 0.1 to 0.7 percent and 0.4 to 0.9 percent; the mass ratio of carbon, chromium and iron in the added high-carbon ferrochromium powder is 1: (7-8): (2-3); and the mass ratio of carbon, manganese and iron in the added high-carbon ferromanganese powder is 1: (9-10): (4-5).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-strength and high ductility ferrous based powder metallurgical Alloy And Preparation Method.
Background technology
The ferrous based powder metallurgical structural part need not machining, has saved material and manufacturing procedure, has greatly saved cost.The mmaterial segregation is little in addition, organizes more evenly, so the ferrous based powder metallurgical product is widely used in automobile, agricultural tools, the household electrical appliance.The ratio of employed ferrous based powder metallurgical product is in rising trend in each automobile in nearly decades.Yet the iron-base powder metallurgy material mesoporosity is more, and alloy strength toughness is lower, has limited its further use.
Improve at present the common method of mmaterial for adding expensive alloy element (such as Ni, Mo etc.), improve pressing process, increasing the subsequent disposal operation.Yet expensive alloying element has increased considerably the cost of material; Temperature and pressure, fast compacting waits needs new equipment and instrument, and the present invention does not conflict with the compacting method such as temperature and pressure; And ooze the use that the subsequent disposal such as copper have increased operation and the energy, increase considerably cost and production cycle.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of high-strength and high ductility ferrous based powder metallurgical Alloy And Preparation Method, can obtain yield strength by the present invention is that 520-566MPa, tensile strength are that 900-953MPa, hardness are 94-101HRB, and impelling strength is the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy of 27-31J.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of high-strength and high ductility ferrous based powder metallurgical Alloy And Preparation Method:
That particle diameter is placed ball mill mixing machine on batch mixing 1 hour less than 300 purpose Graphite Powder 99s and particle diameter less than 100 purpose lubricant powders less than 200 purpose cerium oxide powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferromanganese powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferro-chrome powder, particle diameter less than 100 purpose diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, particle diameter, again compression moulding, obtain green compact, and green density is controlled at 6.9-7.2g/cm
3, 1200-1260 ℃ of lower sintering 1 hour, finally obtain the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy at last.
Described diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu is common commercial commercial powder.
The addition of described high carbon ferro-chrome powder, high carbon ferromanganese powder, cerium oxide powder, powdered graphite and lubricant powder is 1-5%, 1-4%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.7%, the 0.4-0.9% of diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu quality, mass ratio between carbon, chromium and the iron in the high carbon ferro-chrome powder that adds is 1: 7-8: 2-3, the mass ratio between carbon, manganese and the iron in the high carbon ferromanganese powder that adds is 1: 9-10: 4-5.
Described lubricant powder is Zinic stearas.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
Chrome iron powder, the ferromanganese powder price of 1, adding are cheaper, are easy to obtain, and have reduced the use of expensive alloy element Ni, Mo.High carbon ferro-chrome, high carbon ferromanganese are easy to grind and make powder in addition.
2, need not martensite, the lower bainite tissue that special process for cooling can obtain high strength and high hardness.
3, need not extra operation and equipment, flow process is simple
4, prepared alloy satisfies high strength, high tenacity and high rigidity simultaneously, has widened the Application Areas of iron-base powder metallurgy material.
Description of drawings
The mechanical property contrast of the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy of Fig. 1 the present invention preparation and other alloys.
The density of Fig. 2 the present invention preparation is 7.0g/cm
3The weave construction of ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy.
The density of Fig. 3 the present invention preparation is 7.0g/cm
3The stretching fracture pattern of ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy.
The density of Fig. 4 the present invention preparation is 7.15g/cm
3The weave construction of ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy.
The density of Fig. 5 the present invention preparation is 7.15g/cm
3The stretching fracture pattern of ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy.
Upper bainite in the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy of Fig. 6 the present invention preparation/divorce pearlitic structure.
Lower bainite tissue in the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy of Fig. 7 the present invention preparation.
Martensitic stucture in the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy of Fig. 8 the present invention preparation.
Embodiment
A kind of high-strength and high ductility ferrous based powder metallurgical Alloy And Preparation Method:
That particle diameter is placed ball mill mixing machine on batch mixing 1 hour less than 300 purpose Graphite Powder 99s and particle diameter less than 100 purpose lubricant powders less than 200 purpose cerium oxide powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferromanganese powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferro-chrome powder, particle diameter less than 100 purpose diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, particle diameter, again compression moulding, obtain green compact, and green density is controlled at 6.9-7.2g/cm
3, 1200-1260 ℃ of lower sintering 1 hour, finally obtain the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy at last.
Described diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu is common commercial commercial powder.
Described high carbon ferro-chrome powder, the high carbon ferromanganese powder, cerium oxide powder, the addition of powdered graphite and lubricant powder is the 1-5% of diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu quality, 1-4%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.7%, 0.4-0.9%, carbon in the high carbon ferro-chrome powder that adds, mass ratio between chromium and the iron is 1: 7-8: 2-3, carbon in the high carbon ferromanganese powder that adds, mass ratio between manganese and the iron is 1: 9-10: 4-5, in the present embodiment, described high carbon ferro-chrome powder, the high carbon ferromanganese powder, cerium oxide powder, the addition of powdered graphite and lubricant powder can be 1% of diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu quality, 1%, 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 3%, 2%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.7% or 5%, 4%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.9%.
Described lubricant powder is Zinic stearas.
1-concrete technology of the present invention is as follows:
1, carbon content is made of the carbon in the high carbon ferromanganese, carbon and Graphite Powder 99 three parts in the high carbon ferro-chrome in the powder behind the batch mixing, and total carbon content accounts for that the quality of powder very is controlled at 0.3-0.8% behind the batch mixing.
2, the total amount of powder and mill ball is not higher than 1/3 of ball grinder volume during ball milling, and ball milling speed is 70r/min.
3, sintering atmosphere is ammonia dissolving atmosphere during sintering, and the atmosphere dew point is not higher than-20 ℃, and the reduction of dew point is conducive to the raising of alloy obdurability.
4, the heat-up rate of pressed compact is controlled at 10-20 ℃/min during sintering, in addition should be at 700 ℃ of lower insulation 20-30min to reach the purpose of degreasing.
Comparative example 1: alloy and other alloys 1 of the present invention's preparation are compared with other alloys 2.Following table is composition and the technique contrast of the alloy for preparing of the present invention and other alloys.As shown in Figure 1, the bright alloy for preparing of this law has high strength and high tenacity simultaneously, and compares with other alloys 2, contains the Ni of costliness still less in the ferrous based powder metallurgical of the present invention's preparation, has reduced cost, and has had higher hardness.
Alloy and the composition of other alloys and the contrast of technique of the present invention's preparation
Embodiment 1: particle diameter is placed ball mill mixing machine on batch mixing 1 hour less than 300 purpose Graphite Powder 99s and particle diameter less than 100 purpose lubricant powders less than 200 purpose cerium oxide powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferromanganese powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferro-chrome powder, particle diameter less than 100 purpose diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, particle diameter, and being pressed into and being pressed into density again is 7.0g/cm
3Green compact, 1200-1260 ℃ of lower sintering 1 hour, finally obtaining yield strength was that 540MPa, tensile strength are that 848MPa, hardness are that 95HRB, impelling strength are the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy of 27J/cm3 at last.
Described diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu is common commercial commercial powder.
The addition of described high carbon ferro-chrome powder, high carbon ferromanganese powder, cerium oxide powder, powdered graphite and lubricant powder is 1-5%, 1-4%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.7%, the 0.4-0.9% of diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu quality, mass ratio between carbon, chromium and the iron in the high carbon ferro-chrome powder that adds is 1: 7-8: 2-3, the mass ratio between carbon, manganese and the iron in the high carbon ferromanganese powder that adds is 1: 9-10: 4-5.
Described lubricant powder is Zinic stearas.
As shown in Figure 2, the weave construction of alloy is comprised of hole, ferrite, upper bainite/divorce perlite, lower bainite and martensite.
As shown in Figure 3, the stretching fracture effluent of alloy stream style, dimple and consist of along brilliant brittle rupture feature, wherein river pattern is less, and is very high along brilliant brittle rupture characteristic ratio.
Embodiment 2: particle diameter is placed ball mill mixing machine on batch mixing 1 hour less than 300 purpose Graphite Powder 99s and particle diameter less than 100 purpose lubricant powders less than 200 purpose cerium oxide powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferromanganese powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferro-chrome powder, particle diameter less than 100 purpose diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, particle diameter, and being pressed into and being pressed into density again is 7.15g/cm
3Green compact, at last 1200-1260 ℃ of lower sintering 1 hour, final yield strength is that 564MPa, tensile strength are that 949MPa, hardness are that 97HRB, impelling strength are 30J/cm
3The ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy.
Described diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu is common commercial commercial powder.
The addition of described high carbon ferro-chrome powder, high carbon ferromanganese powder, cerium oxide powder, powdered graphite and lubricant powder is 1-5%, 1-4%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.7%, the 0.4-0.9% of diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu quality, mass ratio between carbon, chromium and the iron in the high carbon ferro-chrome powder that adds is 1: 7-8: 2-3, the mass ratio between carbon, manganese and the iron in the high carbon ferromanganese powder that adds is 1: 9-10: 4-5.
Described lubricant powder is Zinic stearas.
As shown in Figure 4, density is 7.15g/cm
3The weave construction of ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy formed by hole, ferrite, upper bainite/divorce perlite, lower bainite and martensite, but hole is less.
As shown in Figure 5, density is 7.15g/cm
3The ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy stretching fracture effluent stream style, dimple and consist of along brilliant brittle rupture feature, the river pattern ratio is higher, dimple is more.
Embodiment 3: a kind of high-strength and high ductility ferrous based powder metallurgical Alloy And Preparation Method:
That particle diameter is placed ball mill mixing machine on batch mixing 1 hour less than 300 purpose Graphite Powder 99s and particle diameter less than 100 purpose lubricant powders less than 200 purpose cerium oxide powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferromanganese powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferro-chrome powder, particle diameter less than 100 purpose diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, particle diameter, again compression moulding, obtain green compact, and green density is controlled at 6.9-7.2g/cm
3, 1200-1260 ℃ of lower sintering 1 hour, finally obtain the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy at last.
Described diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu is common commercial commercial powder.
The addition of described high carbon ferro-chrome powder, high carbon ferromanganese powder, cerium oxide powder, powdered graphite and lubricant powder is 1-5%, 1-4%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.7%, the 0.4-0.9% of diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu quality, mass ratio between carbon, chromium and the iron in the high carbon ferro-chrome powder that adds is 1: 7-8: 2-3, the mass ratio between carbon, manganese and the iron in the high carbon ferromanganese powder that adds is 1: 9-10: 4-5.
Described lubricant powder is Zinic stearas.
The known method that can adopt of described green density control determined, that is: the powder by the weighing certain mass is pressed into standard specimen (for example: tensile test specimen or impact test piece) and controls green density under different pressure, specifically,
(1) quantitatively take by weighing powder behind batch mixing on the ball mill mixing machine, then the powder compression behind the batch mixing is become standard specimen, the density of measurement standard test specimen again,
(2) constantly adjust the quality of the powder behind the batch mixing that takes by weighing, repeat (1), until the density of standard specimen is 6.9-7.2g/cm
3Thereby, obtain the quality of powder behind the batch mixing, volume and the green density of green compact is 6.9-7.2g/cm
3Between relation, be 6.9-7.2g/cm according to the quality of powder behind the batch mixing, volume and the green density of green compact again
3Between relation, calculate the quality of powder behind batch mixing to be pressed corresponding to the final volume of green compact, at last, according to the quality of powder behind the batch mixing to be pressed that calculates take by weighing behind the batch mixing powder and with the final volume of the powder compression behind the batch mixing that takes by weighing to green compact.
With reference to Fig. 1, the mechanical property contrast of the alloy of the present invention's preparation and other alloys in the comparative example 1, the alloy of the present invention's preparation has high strength and high tenacity simultaneously.
With reference to Fig. 2, the weave construction of the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy for preparing among the embodiment 1 is comprised of hole, ferrite, upper bainite/divorce perlite, lower bainite and martensite.
With reference to Fig. 3, the stretching fracture pattern of the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy for preparing among the embodiment 1, effluent stream style, dimple and consist of along brilliant brittle rupture feature, wherein river pattern is less, and is very high along brilliant brittle rupture characteristic ratio
With reference to Fig. 4, the weave construction of the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy for preparing among the embodiment 2 be comprised of hole, ferrite, upper bainite/divorce perlite, lower bainite and martensite, but hole is less.
With reference to Fig. 5, the stretching fracture pattern of the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy for preparing among the embodiment 2, effluent stream style, dimple and consist of along brilliant brittle rupture feature, the river pattern ratio is higher, dimple is more.
With reference to Fig. 6, the upper bainite among the embodiment 2 in the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy microstructure of preparation/divorce pearlitic structure, this organizes toughness higher, but intensity is lower.
With reference to Fig. 7, the lower bainite tissue among the embodiment 2 in the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy microstructure of preparation, this tissue has good obdurability.
With reference to Fig. 8, the martensitic stucture among the embodiment 2 in the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy microstructure of preparation, this tissue intensity is high, hardness is high, but toughness is lower.
Claims (3)
1. high-strength and high ductility ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy, it is characterized in that, its used raw material is: particle diameter is less than 100 purpose diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, particle diameter is less than 200 purpose high carbon ferro-chrome powder, particle diameter is less than 200 purpose high carbon ferromanganese powder, particle diameter is less than 200 purpose cerium oxide powder, particle diameter less than 300 purpose Graphite Powder 99s and particle diameter less than 100 purpose lubricant powders, described diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu is that particle diameter is less than the common commercial commercial powder of 100 purposes, described high carbon ferro-chrome powder, the high carbon ferromanganese powder, cerium oxide powder, the addition of powdered graphite and lubricant powder is the 1-5% of diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu quality, 1-4%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.7%, 0.4-0.9%, carbon in the high carbon ferro-chrome powder that adds, mass ratio between chromium and the iron is 1:7-8:2-3, carbon in the high carbon ferromanganese powder that adds, mass ratio between manganese and the iron is 1:9-10:4-5, described lubricant powder is Zinic stearas, and the density of described high-strength and high ductility ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy is 6.9-7.2g/cm
3Yield strength is 520-566MPa, tensile strength is 900-953MPa, hardness is 94-101HRB, impelling strength is 27-31J, and, with particle diameter less than 100 purpose diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, particle diameter is less than 200 purpose high carbon ferro-chrome powder, particle diameter is less than 200 purpose high carbon ferromanganese powder, particle diameter is less than 200 purpose cerium oxide powder, particle diameter placed on the ball mill mixing machine batch mixing 1 hour less than 300 purpose Graphite Powder 99s and particle diameter less than 100 purpose lubricant powders, again compression moulding, obtain green compact, and green density is controlled at 6.9-7.2g/cm
3, 1200-1260 ℃ of lower sintering 1 hour, finally obtain the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy at last.
2. the preparation method of a high-strength and high ductility ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy is characterized in that:
Particle diameter is placed ball mill mixing machine on batch mixing 1 hour less than 300 purpose Graphite Powder 99s and particle diameter less than 100 purpose lubricant powders less than 200 purpose cerium oxide powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferromanganese powder, particle diameter less than 200 purpose high carbon ferro-chrome powder, particle diameter less than 100 purpose diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu, particle diameter, again compression moulding, obtain green compact, and green density is controlled at 6.9-7.2g/cm
3, 1200-1260 ℃ of lower sintering 1 hour, finally obtain the ferrous based powder metallurgical alloy at last,
The addition of described high carbon ferro-chrome powder, high carbon ferromanganese powder, cerium oxide powder, powdered graphite and lubricant powder is 1-5%, 1-4%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.7%, the 0.4-0.8% of diffusion alloyed powder Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu quality, mass ratio between carbon, chromium and the iron in the high carbon ferro-chrome powder that adds is 1:7-8:2-3, and the mass ratio between carbon, manganese and the iron in the high carbon ferromanganese powder that adds is 1:9-10:4-5.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described lubricant powder is Zinic stearas.
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| CN102814495B (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2014-09-17 | 北京科技大学 | Method for improving iron powder forming property |
| CN103521757B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-10-28 | 东南大学 | Containing powder metallurgy iron copper base oil-containing antifriction material and the preparation method of rare earth oxide |
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| CN115612942B (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2024-04-02 | 山东威达粉末冶金有限公司 | High-density iron-based powder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof |
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