CN102430455B - Manufacturing method of ball-milling tank capable of bearing high pressure and resisting abrasion, - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of ball-milling tank capable of bearing high pressure and resisting abrasion, Download PDFInfo
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- CN102430455B CN102430455B CN201110330031.XA CN201110330031A CN102430455B CN 102430455 B CN102430455 B CN 102430455B CN 201110330031 A CN201110330031 A CN 201110330031A CN 102430455 B CN102430455 B CN 102430455B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a ball-milling tank capable of bearing high pressure and resisting abrasion. A lining machining process includes: forging, isothermally balling and annealing, machining, vacuum quenching and low temperature tempering, coarse grinding and grinding. An outer sleeve is made of stainless steel. A heat inlay process is employed to firstly heat the whole outer sleeve to 120 DEG C-180 DEG C and keeping the temperature for 1-5h, then an inner lining is slowly inlayed in the outer sleeve, after the outer sleeve is cooled to the room temperature, a valve and a seal ring are installed. A water pressure test is firstly performed, after the test is passed, gas with pressure slightly less than the water pressure is filled in through an air inlet of the valve. The airtightness of a grinding ball is detected, and can be used after the test is passed. The method of the invention has the advantages that the outer sleeve is made of the metal material with the high yield strength and can bear high-pressure air, and the inner lining is made of the metal material with the high wear-resisting performance to improve the wear-resisting performance and contact fatigue performance of the ball-milling tank, improve the impact resistance of the ball-milling tank, prolong the service life of the ball-milling tank, and the ball-milling tank is safer and more reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant equipment field, a kind of ball grinder that can bear gases at high pressure and high-wearing feature specifically, be mainly used in mechanical alloying and high-energy ball milling equipment, be widely used in the fields such as geology, mineral products, metallurgy, soil, electronics, chemical industry, medicine, environmental protection, building materials, battery, biochemistry, ball grinder impact resistance of the present invention is good, long service life, can be according to different model ball mill design different size.
Background technology
At present, prepared for various powders by each manufacturing enterprise and research institutions, and the ball grinder of following several materials is mainly used in mechanical alloying and high-energy ball milling aspect: stainless steel, pottery, polyurethane, nylon, zirconia etc.The ball grinder of above material respectively has pluses and minuses in use, although stainless steel jar mill is high pressure resistant, corrosion-resistant, hardness is low, easily introduces impurity.Although pottery, zirconia ball grinding jar hardness is high, anti-wear performance is good, is difficult to make the large scale ball grinder, and impact resistance is not high, after being filled with gases at high pressure, in the high-speed impact mechanical milling process, is easy to fragmentation.Although nylon, polyurethane ball-milling pot wearability are fine, when the high speed ball milling, ball material impact energy is not high, and is difficult to be filled with the gases at high pressure protection.
Summary of the invention
Can not have wear-resisting and withstand voltage shortcoming concurrently in order to overcome existing ball grinder, the invention provides a kind of composite balls grinding jar, concrete scheme is as follows:
A kind ofly can bear high pressure and wear-resisting ball grinder, comprise overcoat, liner, valve, sealing ring and be arranged on the abrading-ball in spherical tank, it is characterized in that: described lagging material adopts the higher metal material of yield strength, described inner lining material adopts the high metal material of anti-wear performance, and described overcoat and described liner are combined closely; Described sealing ring is arranged in the groove on described circumferential surface;
Described liner wall thickness is chosen between the 1-30 millimeter, and the ratio of liner and overcoat wall thickness is at 1:0.2-1:10;
The ratio of described liner wall thickness and described overcoat wall thickness is 1:2-1:4;
Described inner lining material adopts beating steel GCr15, and described lagging material adopts 304 stainless steels; Described grinding ball material adopts GCr15;
Described inner lining material adopts high carbon and chromium martensitic stainless steel 9Cr18, and described grinding ball material adopts high carbon and chromium martensitic stainless steel 9Cr18;
Concentrate and make ball grinder overcoat flange lose efficacy for fear of the stress caused due to the ball grinder internal pressure, improve the compressive resistance of ball grinder overcoat, described overcoat flange connections is inclined-plane or arc, improved the intensity of flange, if employing right-angle design, concentrate because the ball grinder internal gas pressure can produce stress on the top, right angle, adopt inclined-plane or arc design; Ball grinder liner and employing inclined-plane, overcoat junction or arc design; For guaranteeing that abrading-ball fully contacts with the ball grinder liner, the ball grinder liner adopts the arc design;
The invention also discloses a kind of manufacture method of above-mentioned ball grinder, it is characterized in that: described liner process comprises: forging, isothermal spheroidizing, machined, vacuum hardening add lonneal, corase grind adds grinding; Described isothermal spheroidizing technique is: be heated to 780 ℃ of insulations 4 hours, cool to 720 ℃ of insulations 6 hours with the furnace; Described vacuum hardening adds lonneal technique: be heated to 660 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, then rise to 850 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, oil cooling, to normal temperature, finally is heated to 160 ℃ of insulations and is cooled to normal temperature after 120 minutes; At 850 ℃ of oil coolings, be vacuum state in the past, being filled with high pure nitrogen to pressure when oil cooling starts is 8 * 10
4pa;
Described lagging material is selected stainless steel; Adopt heat edge technique, first described overcoat integral body is heated to 120 ℃-180 ℃, be incubated after 1-5 hour, more described liner slowly is embedded in described overcoat, after described overcoat is cooled to room temperature, mounted valve and sealing ring, first carry out the water pressure test, after the water pressure test is errorless, from the valve air inlet, be filled with the gas a little less than hydraulic pressure, check the ball grinder sealing, can use after all are errorless.
Advantage of the present invention is: adopting different metal materials is the compounded ball grinders of raw material, and the ball grinder overcoat selects the higher high pressure resistant metal material of yield strength to make, and plays and bears gases at high pressure or vacuum action.The ball grinder liner selects the high abrasion-resistant stee of anti-wear performance can improve the anti-wear performance of ball grinder.By being arranged on the valve on ball grinder, can be vacuumized or be filled with certain pressure gas to ball grinder.Sealing ring is chosen in installation on the coat, guaranteed that the gas pressure direct effect that is filled with ball grinder is lining with on the coat rather than in acting on, at working pressure, be can use nonmetal sealing ring below 2.0MPa, can the choice for use metal o-ring higher than 2.0MPa.In the high speed mechanical milling process, the High Rotation Speed of spheroid and shock also have very large damage to ball grinder, ball grinder of the present invention has not only been realized high pressure resistant and wear-resisting characteristics, abrasion-resistant stee at the ball grinder liner can make being distributed to outside ball grinder of energy even that spheroid clashes into generation put, played fabulous damping effect, improve greatly its impact resistance, increased service life.
Another one characteristics of the present invention are that in mechanical milling process, introducing impurity is few, because be easy to buy the steel ball identical with ball grinder internal layer material hardness on market, therefore the impurity that both produce in mechanical milling process is few, has improved greatly by the purity of ball milling material.
Processing technology disclosed by the invention, if produce in batch, can reduce production costs greatly.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is longitudinal sectional drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is GCr15 isothermal spheroidizing technique curve map;
Fig. 3 is GCr15 vacuum hardening process curve figure;
1. valves in figure, 2. overcoat on ball grinder, 5. ball grinder side overcoat, 3. neck bush on ball grinder, 6. the ball grinder sidelining, be 4. sealing ring.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, structure of the present invention comprises overcoat, liner, valve 1, sealing ring 4 and is arranged on the abrading-ball in spherical tank, described overcoat comprises overcoat 2 and ball grinder side overcoat 5 on ball grinder, described lagging material adopts the higher metal material of yield strength, described liner comprises neck bush 3 on ball grinder sidelining 6 and ball grinder, described inner lining material adopts the high metal material of anti-wear performance, and described overcoat and described liner are combined closely; Described sealing ring 4 is arranged in the groove on described circumferential surface, and described valve 1 is arranged on ball grinder.
The ball grinder inner lining material adopts beating steel GCr15, and the ball grinder lagging material adopts 304 stainless steels; The grinding ball material arranged in ball grinder adopts the GCr15 bearing steel ball.
The ball grinder inner lining material also can adopt high carbon and chromium martensitic stainless steel 9Cr18, and the grinding ball material now arranged in ball grinder adopts the 9Cr18 steel ball.
Concentrate and make ball grinder overcoat flange lose efficacy for fear of the stress caused due to the ball grinder internal pressure, improve the compressive resistance of ball grinder overcoat, the junction 21 of ball grinder overcoat flange connections 51 and upper overcoat adopts inclined-plane or arc design, improved the intensity of flange, if employing right-angle design, concentrate because the ball grinder internal gas pressure can produce stress on the top, right angle, adopt inclined-plane or arc design; Ball grinder liner and employing inclined-plane, overcoat junction or arc design; For guaranteeing that abrading-ball fully contacts with the ball grinder liner, the ball grinder liner adopts the arc design;
The manufacture method of ball grinder of the present invention:
Ball grinder according to required ball mill type design corresponding size profile.
The ball grinder liner can be selected bearing steel or mould steel, below take beating steel GCr15 as example, because GCr15 has higher hardness after quenching adds tempering, organizes uniformly good wearability, high contact fatigue property.In mechanical milling process, ball is a little with liner or line contacts, bear very large compression (up to 1800MPa-5000MPa) and alternate load, the GCr15 steel has high anti-fatigue performance, long service life and cheap, and be easy to buy hardness is suitable with it GCr15 steel ball as the ball grinder abrading-ball.
Take GCr15 as ball grinder inner lining material (with external diameter 150mm, wall thickness 6mm is example) process embodiment as follows:
Embodiment 1: the manufacture method of described ball grinder, and process comprises: forging, isothermal spheroidizing, machined, quenching add lonneal, corase grind adds grinding; Described isothermal spheroidizing technique is: be heated to 780 ℃ of insulations 4 hours, cool to 720 ℃ of insulations 6 hours with the furnace; Described vacuum hardening adds lonneal technique: be heated to 660 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, then rise to 850 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, oil cooling, to normal temperature, finally is heated to 160 ℃ of insulations and is cooled to normal temperature after 120 minutes.At 850 ℃ of oil coolings, be vacuum state in the past, being filled with high pure nitrogen to pressure when oil cooling starts is 8 * 10
4pa.
Embodiment 2: the manufacture method of described ball grinder, and process comprises: forging, isothermal spheroidizing, machined, quenching add lonneal, corase grind adds grinding; Described isothermal spheroidizing technique is: be heated to 780 ℃ of insulations 4 hours, cool to 720 ℃ of insulations 6 hours with the furnace; Described vacuum hardening adds lonneal technique: be heated to 660 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, then rise to 850 ℃ of insulations 10 minutes, oil cooling, to normal temperature, finally is heated to 160 ℃ of insulations and is cooled to normal temperature after 120 minutes.At 850 ℃ of oil coolings, be vacuum state in the past, being filled with high pure nitrogen to pressure when oil cooling starts is 8 * 10
4pa.
Embodiment 3: the manufacture method of described ball grinder, and process comprises: forging, isothermal spheroidizing, machined, quenching add lonneal, corase grind adds grinding; Described isothermal spheroidizing technique is: be heated to 800 ℃ of insulations 3 hours, cool to 720 ℃ of insulations 4 hours with the furnace; Described vacuum hardening adds lonneal technique: be heated to 660 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, then rise to 860 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, oil cooling, to normal temperature, finally is heated to 160 ℃ of insulations and is cooled to normal temperature after 120 minutes.At 860 ℃ of oil coolings, be vacuum state in the past, being filled with high pure nitrogen to pressure when oil cooling starts is 8 * 10
4pa.
Embodiment 4: the manufacture method of described ball grinder, and process comprises: forging, isothermal spheroidizing, machined, quenching add lonneal, corase grind adds grinding; Described isothermal spheroidizing technique is: be heated to 810 ℃ of insulations 4 hours, cool to 720 ℃ of insulations 4 hours with the furnace; Described vacuum hardening adds lonneal technique: be heated to 660 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, then rise to 860 ℃ of insulations 10 minutes, oil cooling, to normal temperature, finally is heated to 160 ℃ of insulations and is cooled to normal temperature after 120 minutes.At 860 ℃ of oil coolings, be vacuum state in the past, being filled with high pure nitrogen to pressure when oil cooling starts is 8 * 10
4pa.
The purpose of isothermal spheroidizing is to reduce GCr15 hardness, is convenient to machining, also for final heat treatment, prepares, and quench and do the tissue preparation, from the metallography microscope Microscopic observation, the globular pearlite that is organized as uniform and delicate after isothermal spheroidizing.Metallographic structure after the present invention quenches is cryptocrystalline martensite, the undissolved carbide that distributing thereon, and it can guarantee the requirement of comprehensive mechanical property.Its optical microstructure is comprised of black, white alternate Liang Zhongmashi body region, has more carbide particle in the black M-region, fewer in white portion.Guarantee after final heat treatment that hardness is between HRC62-66.Experimental result is in Table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, embodiment 1 hardness is moderate, with GCr15 bearing steel ball hardness, approach, and the variation in diameter amount is very little, for follow-up attrition process and assembling provide ideal conditions.
In embodiment 2, the variation in diameter amount also meets grinding and matching requirements, but because 850 ℃ of temperature retention times when the vacuum hardening are too short, it is cooling rapidly that workpiece does not wait heat to pass to center, only make top layer harden for martensite, center is still unhardened original plasticity, toughness annealed structure preferably, although highest hardness has reached HRC62, the hardness distribution is even not as embodiment 1.
Although in embodiment 3 hardness is up to HRC66, the variation in diameter amount crosses greatly 0.35, for follow-up attrition process and assembling make troubles.
In embodiment 4, the variation in diameter amount slightly greatly 0.25, although can be corrected in follow-up attrition process, its hardness is similar to hardness in embodiment 2, hardness distribute not as embodiment 1 even.
The purpose of isothermal spheroidizing is to reduce GCr15 hardness, is convenient to machining, also for final heat treatment, prepares, and quench and do the tissue preparation, from the metallography microscope Microscopic observation, the globular pearlite that is organized as uniform and delicate after isothermal spheroidizing.Metallographic structure after vacuum hardening of the present invention is cryptocrystalline martensite, the undissolved carbide that distributing thereon, and it can guarantee the requirement of comprehensive mechanical property.Its optical microstructure is comprised of black, white alternate Liang Zhongmashi body region, has more carbide particle in the black M-region, fewer in white portion.Guarantee after final heat treatment that hardness is between HRC63-65.
Theoretically, the hardening heat of GCr15 steel is 840 ℃ of left and right, after Q-tempering, fatigue strength and hardness are all the highest, impact toughness is also best, when quenching for about 840 ℃, in austenite, the mass fraction of dissolved carbon is 0.5%-0.6%, the mass fraction of chromium is 0.8%, also has the undissolved carbide of part.The carbon dissolved in and alloying element have guaranteed its quenching degree and hardenability, and not molten carbide has stoped grain growth, if hardening heat is on the low side, to dissolve in austenitic amount few for carbide, and the carbon in austenite and chromium content are low, have influence on the hardness after quenching.Hardening heat is too high, and it is overheated can to cause, the rear martensitic needles that makes to quench is thick, is out of shape also greatly, affects the mechanical properties.Heat time heating time and heating-up temperature, heat transfer medium, workpiece effective thickness and batch have close ties.Vacuum hardening process curve as shown in Figure 3 disclosed in this invention, quenching temperature is 850 ℃, suitably controls cool time simultaneously, all through hardening, hardness reaches HRC63-65, and in figure, institute's target vacuum is vacuum meter show value in actual production.Suitably improve preheat temperature, can improve firing rate, shorten heat time heating time and do not cause coarse grains, reduce production costs.
The ball grinder lagging material can be selected stainless steel, take 304 stainless steels as example, process corresponding stainless steel outer sleeve size according to the ball mill of different model, reserve the position of mounted valve and air inlet, reserving equally distributed through hole on every side uses as bolted, sealing ring is arranged in the groove on the steel flange face, has guaranteed when being filled with gases at high pressure or vacuum, is that stainless steel outer sleeve is being born high pressure or vacuum.
The ball grinder overcoat is consistent with liner dimensional requirement on inside and outside circle and length, does not allow larger deviation.According to after the design drawing completion of processing, utilize principle of expanding with heat and contracting with cold at all parts, adopt heat edge technique, first stainless steel outer sleeve integral body is heated to 120 ℃-180 ℃, be incubated after 1-5 hour, then the bearing steel liner slowly is embedded in stainless steel outer sleeve, after stainless steel is cooled to room temperature, mounted valve and sealing ring, first carry out the water pressure test, after the water pressure test is errorless, from the valve air inlet, be filled with the gas a little less than hydraulic pressure, check the ball grinder sealing, can use after all are errorless.
Ball grinder liner wall thickness is chosen between the 1-30 millimeter, and the ratio of liner and overcoat wall thickness is between 1:0.2-1:10, and best ratio is 1:2-1:4, and the overcoat wall thickness is larger, and the gas pressure born is larger.With ball grinder overcoat wall thickness 8mm, ball grinder flange thickness 10mm, ball milling cover thickness 12mm is example, and material is 304 stainless steels, and hydraulic test pressure is 3.5MPa.The gas pressure size of using according to ball milling condition, design the ball grinder overcoat of corresponding size about the steel pipe flanges design standard with reference to country.
If be corrosive medium in mechanical milling process, can select high carbon and chromium martensitic stainless steel 9Cr18 as the ball grinder liner, select alloy tool steel Gr12MoV also can reach with GCr15 effect same.
On selection material, the metal material that is applicable to ball grinder overcoat of the present invention and liner is a lot, as: can select G8Cr15, GCrSiWV, 9Cr18Mo etc. on ball grinder liner selection material.The G8Cr15 characteristics are to have improved the carbide inhomogeneities of steel, easily obtain evenly tiny spheroidizing tissue, have improved hot and cold deformation performance and cutting ability, and fatigue life ratio GCr15 steel is high.GCrSiWV has that hardness is high, wearability and good stability of the dimension and the long characteristics of contact fatigue life.9Cr18Mo performance and 9Cr18 are suitable, have been applicable under the corrosive medium environment and ball grinder liner during strong oxidation environment ball milling.
Can select 12Ni3CrMoV or 10Ni5CrMoV on the ball grinder lagging material is selected, their tensile strength, at 600-800MPa, having the high-intensity while, has high tenacity.304L stainless steel, 316 stainless steels can be as the ball grinder lagging materials, and not only withstand voltage, rust resistance and corrosion resistance, if there is ball milling under the hydrogen environmental condition can play the hydrogen embrittlement effect that prevents.
Claims (1)
1. the manufacture method that can bear high pressure and wear-resisting ball grinder, described ball grinder comprises overcoat, liner, valve, sealing ring and is arranged on the abrading-ball in spherical tank, described lagging material adopts the higher metal material of yield strength, described inner lining material adopts the high metal material of anti-wear performance, and described overcoat and described liner are combined closely; Described sealing ring is arranged in the groove on described circumferential surface; Described inner lining material adopts beating steel GCr15, and described lagging material adopts 304 stainless steels; Described grinding ball material adopts GCr15; It is characterized in that: described liner process comprises: forging, isothermal spheroidizing, machined, vacuum hardening add lonneal, corase grind adds grinding; Described isothermal spheroidizing technique is: be heated to 780 ℃ of insulations 4 hours, cool to 720 ℃ of insulations 6 hours with the furnace; Described vacuum hardening adds lonneal technique: be heated to 660 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, then rise to 850 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes, oil cooling, to normal temperature, finally is heated to 160 ℃ of insulations and is cooled to normal temperature after 120 minutes; At 850 ℃ of oil coolings, be vacuum state in the past, being filled with high pure nitrogen to pressure when oil cooling starts is 8 * 10
4pa;
Described lagging material is selected 304 stainless steels; Adopt heat edge technique, first described overcoat integral body is heated to 120 ℃-180 ℃, be incubated after 1-5 hour, more described liner slowly is embedded in described overcoat, after described overcoat is cooled to room temperature, mounted valve and sealing ring, first carry out the water pressure test, after the water pressure test is errorless, from the valve air inlet, be filled with the gas a little less than hydraulic pressure, check the ball grinder sealing, can use after all are errorless.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110330031.XA CN102430455B (en) | 2011-10-26 | 2011-10-26 | Manufacturing method of ball-milling tank capable of bearing high pressure and resisting abrasion, |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110330031.XA CN102430455B (en) | 2011-10-26 | 2011-10-26 | Manufacturing method of ball-milling tank capable of bearing high pressure and resisting abrasion, |
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| CN102430455B true CN102430455B (en) | 2014-01-01 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104726674B (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-10-05 | 广州市机电工业研究所 | A kind of stainless steel thin pieces vacuum hardening Technology for Heating Processing |
| CN105665084A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 长沙米淇仪器设备有限公司 | Large-radian-fillet powder grinding tank |
| CN113073319B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-09-23 | 重庆科技学院 | Ball milling tank inner wall hardening method and ball milling tank |
| CN116020618A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-04-28 | 白俊 | Series feed type planetary grinder |
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| CN1259145C (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2006-06-14 | 中山大学 | Supermicro crusher using high streugh ceramic material in collision grinding part |
| JP2007229560A (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-13 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Stirring grinder and its maintenance method |
| CN200945443Y (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2007-09-12 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Ball-milling pot capable of bearing high pressure and vacuum |
| CN101161347B (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2010-05-12 | 南京理工大学 | Bidirectional tosh grinding ultra-fine crashing objects and its method |
| KR100801990B1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-02-12 | 동도바잘트산업(주) | Ball mill pulverization drum that use basalt |
| CN101463417B (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2011-04-06 | 天水星火机床有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method for strip steel inlaid guide rail |
| CN201807423U (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-04-27 | 烟台开发区华茂机械有限公司 | Lining plate for ball mill |
| CN101947630B (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-08-29 | 洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司 | Controlled-forging controlled-cooling processing technology of bearing ring prepared by GCr15 |
| CN202277862U (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-06-20 | 李姝霖 | Ball milling tank capable of withstanding high pressure and resisting abrasion |
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